USA > Connecticut > Biographical encyclopaedia of Connecticut and Rhode Island of the nineteenth century > Part 41
USA > Rhode Island > Biographical encyclopaedia of Connecticut and Rhode Island of the nineteenth century > Part 41
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idea slowly making its way against prejudices, interests, and passions-a story of faith and martyrdom, of heroic endeavor and heroic constancy. It includes only so much of secular history as is involved in the history of the idea, and of the men whom it possessed, and who labored and suffered to make it a reality in the world of fact." The author is thoroughly imbued with the spirit of his subject. His very style wcars the characteristics of the heroes of whom he writes. Plain but grand, homely but attractive ; stern, massive, and resistless as the Ironsides who fought and conquered at Marston Moor; Scriptural also, flashing with ideas, and never straying in its march from the directest line to his immediate objective point.
ATLING, RICHARD JORDAN, of Hartford. Born on Manney's Neck, five miles from Murfreesboro, Hertford County, North Carolina, near the Virginia line, on the 12th of September, 1818. His father, Jordan Gatling, was a poor boy, and a remarkably enterprising and ingenious man. He first purchased eighty acres of land in the wild, unbroken forcst near the Mcherrin River. To thesc he added other purchases until he had acquired a compact estate of twelve hundred acres of excellent land. Besides this, several other valuable tracts of land, farms and plantations, together with about twenty slavcs, were in his posses- sion at the time of his death. Upright, thrifty, shrewd, and always profitably cmploycd, he was an adept in all trades, though never apprenticed to any. Car- penter, blacksmith, and inventor, he resembled a New England farmer much more than a Southern planter. When past sixty years of age, in 1843-46, his recreation consisted in wood-carving. Evenings and leisure hours werc thus employed. Among the products of his skill now preserved in the old Gatling mansion are seven elabo- rately carved walking canes of dogwood and hickory, whose delicacy of execution and minute accuracy of design and finish rival the deftest creations of Japanese artists. They are covered with miniature serpents and other reptiles, fishes, raccoons, etc., all perfectly life-like in shapc, proportion, color, and all clse-except size. "Most of
0
yours truly thinking
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the figures have the head on one side of the staff and the tail on the opposite side, as if they were coming through it. Some of the sticks are surmounted by a human hand, delicately cut, grasping a snake's head, a round bar, or a seroll. One, of a half-inch in diameter, and of the ordinary height of a walking cane, is com- pletetely covered with poems, essays, names of philosophers, poets, warriors, and sages, and contains five hundred and ten words of thirty-six hundred and ninety- three letters, all in clearly cut Roman text, similar to print." He also executed a remarkably ingenious monogram, consisting of the letters J-O-R-D-A-N, in 1835. It would do honor to the genius of the most gifted Parisian or Oriental artist.
His wonderful ability as a mechanic and artist was not wholly exercised upon objects of quaint curiosity, but in the invention of useful machines. In one apart- ment of his house are preserved "the original models of the first machine ever invented and patented in the United States for opening the ridge and sowing and covering cotton seed," also of one for "chopping out" cotton. These were patented upward of forty years ago in his own name. The extraordinary mechanical gifts and aptitudes of Jordan Gatling seem to have been organized in his children, nearly all of whom have displayed his peculiar characteristics.
The wife of Jordan, and the mother of Richard Jordan Gatling, née Mary Barnes, " was a most estimable woman, very charitable, deeply pious, and an angel of mercy and relief to the entire neighborhood." Of her seven children, only three survive; namely, James Henry, Richard Jordan, and William J. James H. is also the patentce of several valuable inventions, including "a machine which cuts cotton- stalks into bits as it is driven rapidly over the field between the rows." He and his brother, Richard J., "the modern Vulcan," are striking illustrations of the law of heredity-a law that has been exemplified by numberless Southern politicians, statesmen, diplomatists, and soldiers; but very rarely by leaders in new advances in the useful arts. The old slave system of society, from the days of ancient Sparta until now, has been eminently unfavorable to the arts and sciences; while that of equal rights before the law, from the brilliant era of the Athenian Pericles to the present, has always fostered inventive genius, artistic gifts, and poctie endowments. Exceptions only prove the rule. The Gatlings, and particularly Richard Jordan Gatling, are the most notable exceptions to the rule. His judicious use of the divine gift of genius has developed him into one of the most extraordinary of " self-made " men.
His early education was received in the local common schools. From thence he entered the office of Lewis M. Cooper, of Murfreesboro, by whom he was employed
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as an amanuensis for about a year. At the age of nineteen he was the teaeher of one of the " old field sehools"-so called because generally located in untilled corners of plantations. Twelve months afterward he eommeneed business as a country merehant, near Frazier's Cross Roads, in Hertford County, and continued therein for several years. The processes and needs of the staple culture in that seetion of the country stimulated his powers of invention. He produced and patented a sced-sowing machine, which subsequently found ready sale throughout the North-west as a wheat- drill. In the twenty-first year of his age, he invented a serew-propeller for steam vessels, but his attempt to seeure a patent for it was antieipated by a nearly simul- taneous diseoverer, who was a few days earlier in seeking the protection of the United States Patent Office. After this, relinquishing his local business, he repaired to St. Louis, and there served for a while as elerk in a dry-goods store. But more eongenial oceupation soon demanded his entire time and attention. His wheat-drills won so mueh favor, and commanded sueh ready sale, that he found it necessary for some years to devote himself to their improvement and disposal.
Many-sided and variously endowed, Mr. Gatling, in 1849, began attendanee upon the usual courses of leetures at the Indiana Medieal College, and at the Ohio Medi- eal College. Preparatory studies completed, he received his diploma as a physician, and settled in the city of Indianapolis. The more manageable qualities and rela- tions of pure matter, however, soon proved to be more to his taste than those of the mysterious principle of animal life, and its manifestations in the human organ- ism. Real estate speculations and railway enterprises were far more profitable than the praetiec of medieine, and more in harmony with his spceial instinets and abili- ties. In 1850 he received a diploma for the best wheat-drill from the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, at its first annual fair, held at Cincinnati in 1850. " About this time he invented a double-acting machine, which is still used in the West for breaking hemp; and he discovered the law of the transmutation of foree by the distribution of power from one main source, derived either from steam or water, by means of compressed air in underground pipes, to be applied in driving numer- ous small engines. For the last important discovery he was refused a patent, on the ground that it was a discovery, and not an invention."
In 1857 Dr. Gatling invented a steam plough. But the greatest invention of his life is the machine battery gun which bears his name. The idea of such an instru- ment oeeurred to him in 1861, soon after the commencement of the Civil War. It also occurred to a young man, named Charles (H .? ) Palmer, employed in the Holley Manufacturing Works at Lakeville, Conn., and also to others. Such events are of common ocurrenec. The real eredit of an invention lies not so much in the eonecption of its essential idea, as in the patient ingenuity which works out
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its effective embodiment. To this Dr. Gatling is undoubtedly entitled. The first of his guns was tested in the spring of 1862 at Indianapolis, and gave promise of the marvellous efficiency this unique arm has since attained. It then discharged over two hundred shots per minute. As improved, it now delivers upward of one thousand shots per minute. In the autumn of the same year he had a battery of six guns manufactured at Cincinnati, but lost them in the conflagration of the fac- tory. The blow was serious, entailing, as it did, comparative exhaustion of his pecu- niary resources. Friends in Indianapolis opportunely came to his relief, and enabled him to resume his undertaking. Twelve guns were soon afterward made in Cin- cinnati, and were used in the repulse of attacks upon the Union forces on the James River, near Richmond. " This was the only instance of their employment during the late war" for the preservation of the Union. In 1865 he still further improved these guns, and in 1866 had them made at the works of the Cooper's Fire-arms Manufacturing Company in Philadelphia. Repeated and thorough official test- trials of them were made by the United States authorities at the Frankfort Arsenal and also at Washington and Fortress Monroe, in 1866; and in August of that year they were introduced into the national service. Fifty of one inch, and fifty of half an inch calibre were ordered by the Government. These were manufac- tured at Colt's Armory, Hartford, Conn., and were delivered in 1867.
Russia, Turkey, Italy, Austria, Egypt, England, China, Japan, and some of the South American States, have also adopted the Gatling gun. Napoleon III. ex- amined it in 1863, when it suggested the Montigny mitrailleuse, to which it has since proven so superior in severe competitive trials that it will doubtless be accepted by the Government of France. During the recent Turco-Russian war, the Turks effectively checked the advance of the Russians through the Shipka Pass, on the £2d of August, 1877, by means of the old style Gatling guns. The loss of the assaulting party was severe, while the defenders were wholly untouched. In January, 1874, the Gatling gun was used by Captain Rait, of the British artillery, to impress the minds of the Ashantee ambassadors with proper ideas of the exterminating power of the civil- ized invaders. Henry M. Stanley, correspondent of the New York Herald, who was present on that occasion, thus speaks of it in his Coomassie and Magdala, p. 128: " A new drum, loaded with shot, was placed on the top of the gun, and the handle being turned, the Gatling began to speak with startling emphasis. That part of the river at which it was directed began to shoot up tall columns of water and spray, until it appeared as if the Prah was about to form itself into so many gray columns of liquid, and to join in a dance. The contents of the drum were expended without a halt, and the effect of the exhibition was hailed with boisterous applause by the Fantee spectators, and by the Ashantces with low remarks and expressive looks
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toward one another. The officers were also well pleased with the effect, and the Gatling, which had its previous reputation endangered, had redeemed its fame and become more highly appreciated than ever."
In 1879, during the Zulu war, its improved efficiency was signally demonstrated. The blind, reckless valor of the superb Zulu savages availed nothing against the annihilating Gatlings in the hands of the British naval contingent. "They found the fire much too hot," remarked the Army and Navy Gazette (London, February 22d, 1879), which added : "If there had been a couple of Gatlings with the force annihilated the other day [at Isandula] the result of the fight might have been different, for Gatlings are the best of all engines of war to deal with the rush of a dense crowd." More of these remarkable weapons were sent out. One of them, in store at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, fired-so the London Daily Telegraph of February 22d, 1879, reported-" upward of five hundred bullets in the space of a single minute." It added : "The bullets are propelled from rifled barrels as accurately as from infantry small arms, and as the gun can be traversed from right to left at will, or elevated to any practicable range during the operation of firing, a continuous stream of ounce balls can be poured upon the spots where the enemy is thickest, swept along a line of troops, or scattered over the field like a jet of water from a fire hose."
" Capable of throwing many scores of large bullets every minute upon a widely spread area at a long distance, and keeping up the deadly discharge for any length of time, it is admirably adapted for bush fighting, being just the species of weapon which will make long grass an extremely precarious hiding-place, and deal out tre- mendous destruction to hordes of savages. Very light and strong, it will be able to go where hcavy artillery cannot be taken, while its effect upon an enemy un- provided with guns will be simply appalling." Ibid., February 19th, 1879.
Startling as it may seem, this dreadful instrument of destruction is really a peace-maker. Like the gunpowder, without which it would be merely an ingenious toy, it must diminish the barbarity and actual carnage of battlc. No engagements have been so wasteful of human life as those which were fought with the dagger of the Greeks and the short sword of the Romans. Its relentless certainty of execution forbids the blind rage of excited passion. The mere menace of its pres- ence overawes a turbulent street crowd. It compels forethought and sternly confronts precipitate action. Nations will deliberate long before sending the flower of their manhood to be mown down by its resistless hail. It cannot but assist in keeping the peace of Christendom; nor can its inventor be classed in any other category than that of the benefactors of mankind.
Gatling guns are now manufactured by the Colt's Patent Fire-arms Manufactur-
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ing Company, at Hartford, and by Sir William G. Armstrong & Co., at Newcastle- on-Tyne, England. Colt's establishment is the largest and completest armory in the world. The revolving barrel principle introduced by Col. Samuel Colt, and receiving its full development in the Gatling gun, has revolutionized the construction of mod- ern fire-arms.
A full and completely intelligible description of the Gatling gun is almost impossible without the accompaniment of illustrations, such as those which adorn the article on " The Modern Vulcan" in the May number (1879) of Potter's American Monthly, from which the greater part of the material used in this article has been drawn. " The Gatling gun, shown on its carriage in the diagrams, consists of a number of very simple breech-loading rifled barrels grouped around and revolving about a shaft to which they are parallel. These barrels are loaded and fired while revolving, the empty cartridge-shells being ejected in continuous succession. Each barrel is fired only once in a revolution, but as many shots are delivered during that time as there are barrels, so that the ten-barrel Gatling gun fires ten times in one revolution of the group of barrels. The action of each part is therefore deliberate, while collectively the discharges are frequent. The working of the gun is simple, One man places one end of a feed-case full of cartridges into a hopper at the top of the gun, while another man turns a crank by which the gun is revolved. As soon as the supply of cartridges in one feed-case is exhausted, another case may be substituted without interrupting the revolution or the succession of discharges. The usual number of the barrels composing the gun is ten."
" Several important improvements have recently been made in its construction. The latest model is a five-barrel gun in which the improvements are as follows : The crank handle is attached to the rear instead of the side, thereby increasing the speed of revolution of the gun and the rapidity of its fire ; the drum is abolished. and a new pattern feed-case substituted for it; it stands vertically, and thus insures a direct fall into the receivers; all the working parts, as well as the barrels, are encased in bronze, to afford protection from rust and dirt ; the arrangement of the locks has been much simplified, and the size of the whole breech arrangement reduced by about one half ; the rapidity of fire has been more than doubled ; the traver- sing arrangement has been improved. This gun has been fired at the rate of one thousand rounds a minute, but the ordinary rate of rapid firing is about seven hundred rounds per minute. Fired deliberately at a target nineteen feet long by eleven feet high, range one thousand yards, it scored six hundred and sixty-five hits out of one thousand shots. Ten-barrelled guns are also made with these improvements. These improved guns are light, have great rapidity of fire, and are casily operated by inexperienced persons. They have more than doubled the effec-
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tiveness of the older style Gatlings." Ammunition wagons, spceially construeted for the purpose, accompany the guns.
Where Gatling guns are used by expeditions in which it is impossible to use wheeled vehicles, they are carried on mules, horses, or camels. Such guns are ealled " camel guns," and are lighter and shorter than the field gun; but fire the musket cartridge, and have the musket-range. "Each gun, with its carriage or tri- pod, is carried on pack-saddles, and fifteen or twenty loaded feed-eases can be car- ried on the same saddles."
"In 1874 a board of United States Army Engineers coneeded the following claims for the Gatling gun: Its peculiar power for the defence of intrenched posi- tions and villages, roads, defiles, bridges; for covering the embarkation and debark- ation of troops, or crossing streams; for silencing batteries; for inereasing the in- fantry fire at the critical moment of a battle; for supporting field batteries, and protecting them against cavalry or infantry charges; for covering the retreat of a repulsed column ; for the accuracy, continuity, and intensity of its fire, and for its economy in men for serving, and animals for transporting it." In March of the same year it was adopted as an auxiliary arm for all branches of the United States service, as it had been previously adopted, in 1866, as a field arm. "In 1872 the United States Navy adopted it for shore service, and in 1875 for use in ships' tops and on launches ; and in the same ycar the United States War Department adopted a model adapted for use with the cavalry-the short camel gun."
" Experiments have proved the deadly effeet of the fire of the smaller Gatling at ranges up to 1400 yards, while the larger and medium guns gave satisfactory results up to 2070 yards. A range of 1400 yards approximates the efficient range of the best modern field artillery, and a Gatling battery, well managed, could prevent a field battery from firing a shot if both arms attempted to get into position at the same time at 1200 to 1400 yards from each other." Six guns would pour a continuous stream of 3000 musket balls per minute into a hostile battery. No human nervous- ness disturbs the deadly aim of the Gatling. It has no rccoil. The wide sweep of its discharges, and the hail of balls which pours out of its many throats, make it the (cadliest and most destructive engine of warfare cver fabricated by human ingenuity. The Gatling gun is a far more terrible and potent weapon than the livid bolt of the Greeian Zeus. It replaces spear and sword and arrow, as the spinning jenny of Ark- wright replaces the distaff of Penelope. It has procured access for its inventor to the palaces of the proudest monarchs, has enrolled great empires among the number of his clients, and has given him place and power among the leaders of modern civili- zation.
Dr. Gatling was married in 1854 to the youngest daughter of Dr. John H. Saun- ders, of Indianapolis.
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NGLISH, JAMES E., of New Haven, Ex-Governor of Connecticut. Born at New Haven. His father, James English, was a prosperous business man in the same city, and raised a family of six sons and three daughters to years of maturity. His mother was Nancy Griswold, of New Haven.
His grandfather, Captain Benjamin English, was a shipmaster, and commanded, at different times, several vessels trading between New Haven and foreign ports. He also received an appointment under the administration of President Jefferson, in the custom-house of his native town, and held it to the time of his death in 1807. The great-grandfather of Governor English was killed by the British troops, under General Tryon, during the invasion of Connecticut in July, 1779. His earli- est American ancestor not known to history was Clement English, of Salem, Mass. Benjamin English, his son, removed from Salem, Massachusetts, to New Haven in 1702. Most of the members of the family have more or less clearly conceived the idea that true civil government is "of the people, by the people, and for the peo- ple ;" and since the organization of the nation, under the Federal Constitution, have been identified with the Democratic party.
In early youth, James E. English attended the common schools, and even then exhibited unusual self-reliance and independence in action-characteristics that have waxed more conspicuous with the advance of years. Behind this marked individuality has been the unvarying habit of observing and studying affairs in all their elements, relations, and probabilities; and out of meditative moods has issued intelligent, de- cided, and persistent volition. In childhood he determined to carve his own way through life, and with the reluctant consent of his father engaged to labor on a farm about thirty miles distant from home. In his new occupation he gave proof of dili- gent efficiency for two years, and then returned to his parents. For the two years next ensuing he attended school, and bestowed special attention upon architectural drawing, in which he soon became an expert. Then, selecting the vocation of carpenter, he was apprenticed to a master-mechanic. While yet devoted to preparatory thought and application, he drew plans for several prominent buildings in New Haven, of which several were embodied in structures that now adorn that beautiful city.
In 1833 he attained his majority, began business as a master-builder and con- tractor, and continued therein with great success for the space of two years. Next, he embarked in the lumber trade, in which a wealthy friend who thoroughly under- stood his capacity for affairs, and justly valued his energy and uprightness, offered to join him as partner. This offer was the more flattering, in view of the further pro-' posal to accept the industry and knowledge of the young merchant as equivalent to the large sum the proponent desired to invest. It was courteously declined, for the reason that Mr. English preferred to control his mercantile ventures alone. For more
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than twenty years, during which he carried on the lumber trade, both at Albany and New Haven, the results justified his decision. He acquired the ownership of several vessels, and conducted an extensive freighting business between New Haven, Albany, and Philadelphia.
Ampler and more varied fields of exertion were then entered. The immense development of the manufacturing interests of Connecticut is largely due to his com- prehensive plans and tireless zeal. The Seventh Census of the United States reports 3737 manufacturing establishments, 50,731 hands employed, $25,876,648 of capital invested, $12,435,984 paid in wages, and products valucd at $47,114,585 in the State. The Ninth Census reports 5128 manufacturing establishments, 89,523 hands employed, $95,281,278 of capital invested, $38,987,187 paid in wages, and products valued at $161,065,474. In several large establishments of the number now operative, Governor English is immediately interested. To these he has given much time and attention. The most important of them, perhaps, is the New Haven Clock Company, to whose affairs he has given much of his time and attention. It owns the largest factory of the kind in existence; and of the ten timepiece concerns in Connecticut, employ- ing hundreds of hands, a total capital of $759,000, paying $736,290 annually in wages, and turning out a united product valued at $2,245,043 in 1870, this institution is the principal constituent. To foster its interests, and to open up lucrative markets for its wares, he has visited Europe on three several occasions, remaining abroad on his last visit for nearly a year, and completing the tour of Europe. Thc Goodycar Metallic Rubber Shoe Company is another corporation of which he is the president, and which has risen to first-class rank among kindred competitors. In other exten- sivc and ably conducted companies, successfully prosecuting their selected industries, he is a director.
The beneficence of projective genius, manufacturing skill, and wise administration are not only apparent in the enormous growth of mechanic arts, but in the stimulus imparted to agriculture, horticulture, and trade of all descriptions both at home and in distant States. The artisan and the cultivator complement each other in building up the wealth and power of communities. None understand this better than the progressive men of American birth and training. Sagacity, insight, and wisdom are shared by Governor English in common with them. Speculation he has invariably cschewed. His judgment is rarely at fault, and his counsel is accepted with ready confidence by business associates. Mcasured by any mundane standard such a carecr is an unquestionable triumph. It has led to fortune, quietly and honorably enjoyed ; to an elegant hospitality, libcrally extended ; to an effective philanthropy, manifest in generous donations to worthy claimants, in timely aid to deserving aspirants to mercantile honors; or manufacturing success, and in statesman-like exertion for
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popular education. To him must be chiefly ascribed the credit of that noble system of education which throws open the doors of the public schools to every child in the State, and that without distinction of person, or charge for tuition. The offspring of the indigent and of the opulent alike have free access to these excellent institu- tions on cqual terms. For his successful efforts in this behalf he has been styled " the father of the . free school system" throughout the commonwealth. The benefit accruing to the latter can scarcely be overestimated. "Connecticut," says Eugene Lawrence, " attributes its inventive genius to the public schools established by the ' fathers.'" Manufactures and artistic progress, social wealth and state influence have received still further impetus from the adoption of a compulsory law, enforcing attendance at school. Both capitalists and operatives have discovered that "the public school is the sure path to good morals and order among those who labor," and cordially unite with Governor English in encouraging education and pressing on the improvement of all the instruments of public teaching. His wise and benevolent activities have also ascended a higher plane to which he has been appointed as one of the councillors of the Sheffield Scientific School, associated with Yale College.
One of the salient features of modern history is the fact that practical, rather than theoretical, culture is in demand in all legislative assemblies. The experience in whose light leading men have learned to correct the errors of the past, and to modify plans for the future, by the recorded experience of others, and by authen- tic knowledge of national and international wants and resources, constitutes one of the best qualifications for judicious legislation. By whomsoever possessed, this practical culture is certain to be sought out, and thrust into prominence, under the workings of free institutions. For thirty years Governor English has been in one public position or other, but never through self-seeking, and often against incli- nation, and even vigorous remonstrance. In the municipal bodies of his native city and town he held membership for many years. Both branches of the State Legislature have received his services ; the Senate, to which he was elected for several consecutive terms, particularly. In 1861, and again in 1863, he was chosen a representative to the lower branch of the National Legislature, and rendered excellent service during the four years of the great rebellion. In the 37th Con- gress he acted as member of the Committee on Naval Affairs with such ability and acceptance that when, at the beginning of the 38th Congress, Mr. Colfax, prior to his election as Speaker-proposed to substitute Mr. Bradagec, a Republican from the New London district, in the new organization of the Naval Committee, Secretary Welles personally and urgently pleaded for the retention of Mr. English, on the ground that his aid was so extremely important. In the 38th Congress
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he acted as member of the Committee on Public Lands. Truly Democratic in principle, and from conviction, he gave zcalous support to the war measures of the administration, and voted for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and also for the National Emancipation Act. To the Legal Tender Bill and to the National Bank system he offered conscientious opposition, detecting the per- nicious elements concealed in both measures, and foreseeing their deleterious influ- ence upon the industrial and commercial interests of the country. In reference to domestic manufactures he has always antagonized "protection for the sake of pro- tection," and has advocated all sensible measures of revenue reform. Individual interests, he insists, must be subordinated to the general good.
In 1867 he was elected Governor, in 1868 reelected, and in 1870 elected a third timc. This repeated success was due in some measure to personal popularity, but still more to general confidence in his disciplined abilitics and approved pa- triotism. The right of each State to manage its domestic concerns in its own way, with due regard to every constitutional obligation, has found in him a dex- terous and invincible champion, with whom no assailant has been willing to meas- ure swords. In the Democratic National Convention of 1868 his name was brought forward as a fitting candidate for the Presidency. The party choice fell on another, in whose behalf he accepted the nomination of Presidential elector at large, on the State ticket, in the campaign of that year.
Gifted with rare intuitive power, with the faculty of accurate observation, and with extraordinary facility of generalization, Governor English is a forcible and conclusive reasoner, a fluent and precise writer, an admirable and upright executive officer, a sage counsellor, and an experienced statesman. Troops of friends, attached by stronger ties than hooks of steel, hold him in high esteem, and gladly recipro- cate a friendliness as warm as it is sincerc and persistent.
Governor English was married to Miss Carolinc A., daughter of Timothy Fowler, of New Haven, January 25th, 1837. She died October 20th, 1874. The issue are four children. One son survives, Henry F., born June 5th, 1850.
INDEX.
PAGE
Ames, Samuel
46
Anthony, Henry B.
114
Averill, Roger
241
Bacon, Francis 191
Bacon, Leonard
360
Beach, John S. 359
Beardsley, Sidney Burr
66
Bigelow, Hobart Baldwin
103
Blackstone, Lorenzo.
328
Brewster, Lyman Denison
187
Bradley, Charles Smith
31
Buckingham, William A.
81
Burges, Walter Snow
70
Burnside, Ambrose Everett
108
Burr, Alfred E.
249
Burrill, James, Jr
165
Butler, John S ..
310
Camp, Hiram
322
Carpenter, Elisha 62
Caswell, Alexis
23
Coe, Lyman W.
333
Daggett, David.
40
374
INDEX.
PAGE
Daggett, David Lewis
152
Doolittle, Tilton Edwin
330
Douglas, Benjamin 341
Durfee, Thomas 43
Edwards, Pierrepont I24
Ely, J. W. C ..
335
English, James E.
369
Ferry, Orris Sanford
277
Fisk, Wilbur
I53
Foote, Andrew Hull
293
Foster, La Fayette S ..
146
Gallup, David
314
Gatling, Richard Jordan 362
Gilbert, William L. 184
Granger, Miles T.
60
Harrison, Henry Baldwin 201
Haven, Henry Philemon 258
Hawley, George Benjamin
255
Hawley, Joseph R.
92
Holley, Alexander Hamilton
99
Hoppin, William Warner
108
Hovey, James A.
68
Howard, Chauncey
308
Howe, Elias, Jr
203
Hoyt, Oliver 349
Hubbard, Richard Dudley
78
Ingersoll, Charles Roberts
IO5
Ingersoll, Ralph Isaac 198
Ives, Eli. 355
Ives, Levi. 332
Jenckes, Thomas Allen
210
Jewell, Marshall 86
Kingsbury, Frederick John 239
.
INDEX. 375
Kingsley, James Luce
138
Knight, Henry Marter 271
Lewis, Henry G. 218
Lippitt, Henry
115
Littlefield, Alfred Henry
I2I
Loomis, Dwight
61
Loomis, Francis B. 192
Lýon, Nathaniel
318
Matteson, Charles
73
Miles, Frederick 310
Minor, William Thomas 74
Nichols, David Philip.
268
Nye, Elisha Bowne.
348
Park, John Duane 52
Parson, Usher.
227
Platt, Gideon Lucian 316
Porter, Noah.
19
Potter, Elisha R. 69
Pynchon, Thomas Ruggles
245
Robinson, Henry C ..
338
Russell, Gurdon Wadsworth. 270
Sanford, Edward Isaac 65
Sanford, Leonard J. 244
Sedgwick, John . 140
Shew, Abram Marvin
233
Shipman, Nathaniel
64
Smith, Hezekiah
37
Sperry, N. D. 134
Sprague, William 114
Stearns, Henry Putnam 157
Stiness, John H. 72
Talcott, Charles D.
273
Treat, Amos Sherman 77
-
PAGE
376
INDEX.
PAGE
Van Zandt, Charles Collins
118
Watrous, George H
357
Wayland, Francis
9
Welles, Gideon 282
Whitney, Eli. 167
Williams, Thomas Scott 53
Winchester, Oliver F.
144
Wilcox, Lucian S.
327
Woolsey, Theodore Dwight
5
Wright, Dexter Russell
206
RSA
₦
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سامى
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