History of Fairfield County, Connecticut : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 187

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton) comp. cn
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia, J. W. Lewis & co.
Number of Pages: 1572

USA > Connecticut > Fairfield County > History of Fairfield County, Connecticut : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 187

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Some time after Cornwallis' surrender, Judge Jones and Sir John Stirling, during a tour along the coast, visited Stratford, and while' here Miss Abby came under the gaze of Sir John. The beauty and grace

of the Stratford belle caused the peer of the realm of Great Britain to indefinitely postpone his departure from the little village, and the result was that not many weeks elapsed ere the quiet little town was thrown into a great excitement by the announcement that Sir John Stirling had married Abby Folsome and had sailed for England, leaving her behind. Many there were who were ready to say that he would never return ; in fact, he never did, but he sent his secretary for her in a vessel richly prepared for her comfort. In Burke's Pecrage is the following memo- randum :

"Sir John Stirling married Miss Folsome, of Strat- ford, in North America, by whom he had a numerons family. The title is borne to-day by the grand- nephew of Sir John Stirling."

TRADITIONARY.

The following incident concerning the settlement of Mr. Birdsey, one of the earliest inhabitants, is taken from Mrs. Ellen Olney Kirk's article, entitled "Stratford on the Sound," published in Lippincott' 8 Magazine, July, 1879 :

"Mr. Birdsey removed here from Milford in 1649, and tradition lends a sort of romance to his hegira. Milford was renowned for its orthodoxy, and the 'Blue Laws,' both written and unwritten, were rig- idly enforced. One of these insisted that no man should kiss his wife on Sunday. Mr. Birdsey, having been caught offending in this particular, was, on Mon- day, sentenced to a number of lashes. He escaped from the town officers, however, ran to the river, swam it, and, once on the Stratford shore, shook his fists in his pursucrs' faces. His wife followed him, as in duty bound, and his children increased and his grand- children multiplied until now the Birdsey pedigree is the central stem of all Stratford genealogies."

CHAPTER LXXVII. STRATFORD (Continued).

CHURCHES, LODGES, SCHOOLS.

The Congregational Church - Christ Church - Methodist Episcopal Church-Summerfield Church-Trinity Memorial Chapel-St. John's Lodge, No. 8, F. and A. M .- Oronoque Lodge, No. 90, 1. O. of O. F .- The Stratford Academy-Present Condition of the Schools.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHI.

"THE precise date of the organization of the first church of Christ in Stratford, and the names of the original members, cannot be ascertained. All busi- ness relative to the settlement, support, and dismission of ministers, aud to the building and repairing of meeting-houses, was transacted in town-meeting until the year 1721, and no regular town record prior to 1650 exists.

"Nor does any record of the church prior to 1675

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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, CONNECTICUT.

now exist. The settlement of the town began in 1639, and took definite form as a plantation in 1640. In all probability the church was organized as early as this, for the Rev. Adam Blakeman, its first pastor, was then in the town, as his presence is certified by an order of the General Court, dated June, 1640, directing him and others to settle the boundary-line between Stratford and Fairfield.

"The church was certainly in existence in 1644, as in that year the General Court appointed William Judson and John Hurd, 'members of the Stratford Church,' to collect the contributions for indigent students at Cambridge College.

"The Rev. Adam Blakeman, the first pastor, was born in Staffordshire, England, A.D. 1599, and was matriculated at Christ's College, Oxford, May 28, 1617. He was a preacher for some years in Leicester- shire and Derbyshire, and in 1638 came to New Eng- land. He was one of the original company of settlers in Stratford in 1639-40, and was minister of the church until his death, Sept. 7, 1665.

" The Rev. Israel Chauncey was a native of Massa- chusetts, and the son of the Rev. Charles Chauncey, president of Harvard College. He was born at Scit- uate, Mass., 1644, graduated at Harvard College in 1661, was chosen assistant to Mr. Blakeman in the ministry, and upon Mr. Blakeman's death was called in June, 1666, to the pastoral charge. He was chosen rector or president of the college Nov. 11, 1701, but the honor he declined. He died March 4, 1703.

"Upon Mr. Chauncey's settlement an active oppo- sition developed itself, which culminated in the divi- sion of the church.

" After Mr. Chauncey's death the church and town, in April, 1703, ' close Capt. Judson and the two dea- cons to supply the pulpit, and to obtain help of the clders of the County to keep a day of fasting and prayer for God's direction in sccking a minister.' For six years the church was without a settled pastor.

" Rev. Timothy Cutler, D.D .- A call was extended to Dr. Cutler, Sept. 16, 1709, and in or near the De- cember of that year he was ordained. He was born in Charlestown, Mass., June 1, 1684, and graduated at Harvard College in 1701. In 1719 he was chosen President of Yale College. In 1722, professing a preference for the Church of England, and renoun- cing his connection with the churches of the colony, he was requested to resign his position as President of the college. Soon after he was settled over Christ's Church in Boston. He died Aug. 17, 1765.

"In 1719 a call was extended to Rev. Samuel Rus- sell (grad. Yale Col. 1712), but as there was a large minority in opposition to him he did not settle, though for three years he supplied the pulpit and had the pastoral care of the church. In November, 1721, for the first time in the settlement of the town, the town as such, ceased to determine, by vote, the affairs of the Congregational parish. This change arose from the introduction of an Episcopal Church,

which, although it had been in embryo for some years previous, took permanent form now through acces- sions derived from the controversy with Mr. Russel.

" Rev. Hezekiah Gold .- In February, 1722, a call was extended to Rev. Hezekiah Gold. He was or- daincd on the first Wednesday in June, 1722.

"Mr. Gold was dismissed July 3, 1752. He died in 1761.

" The church remained without a pastor two years.

" Rev. Izraiah Wetmore was the son of Hezekiah Wetmore, of Middletown, was born in 1728; was graduated at Yale, 1748, and was ordained pastor over this church, May 16, 1753. He resigned his charge in 1780. The church was pastorless for over four years.

" Rev. Stephen William Stebbins, the next pastor, was born in East Long Meadow, Mass., June 26, 1758, and was graduated at Yale College, 1781. He was ordained pastor of this church, July 7, 1784. He was dismissed August, 1813.

" Rev. Matthew R. Dutton was born in Watertown, Conn., June 3, 1783, was graduated at Yale College, 1808, and was ordained in Stratford, Sept. 20, 1814. Mr. Dutton continued pastor, universally esteemed and beloved, until the autumn of 1821, when he ac- cepted the appointment of 'Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy' in Yale College. He died July 17, 1825.

" Rev. Joshua Leavitt, D.D., was born in Heath, Franklin Co., Mass., Sept 8, 1794, and was graduated at Yale College, September, 1814. He was ordained over the church in February, 1825, and was dismissed in 1828.

" Rev. Thomas Robbins was born in Norfolk, Conn., Aug. 11, 1777, entered Yale College in 1792. He graduated at Williams College in August, 1796. In September following he took the same degree, B.A., in his former class at Yale. In 1803 he was or- dained missionary of the Home Missionary Society to the northern part of Ohio, where he labored until impaired health obliged him to return. In February, 1830, he was installed pastor over this church, and on September 9th, the following year, he was dis- missed.

"Rev. Frederick W. Chapman was born in Can- field, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Nov. 17, 1806 ; was gradu- ated at Yale College in 1828; was ordained and in- stalled pastor of this church Sept. 5, 1832, and was dismissed April 16, 1839.

"Rev. William Boughton Weed was born in New Canaan, March 22, 1811, and was graduated at Yale College, 1830. He was ordained at Stratford Dcc. 4, 1830. He died Dec. 3, 1860.

" Rev. Joseph R. Page was born in New Brunswick, N. J., and was installed pastor of this church Feb. 11, 1857. In October, 1858, he was dismissed.

"Rev. Benjamin L. Swan was born in Medford, Mass., July 31, 1813; received the honorary degree of A.M. from Yale in 1844. In September, 1858, he

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STRATFORD.

accepted the invitation of this church and was in- stalled October, 1858, and was dismissed in 1863.

"Rev. Lewis Charpiot was installed pastor of this church May 25, 1864, and was dismissed April 12, 1866.

" Rev. William K. Hall was installed Oct. 24, 1866.

" Rev. Frank S. Fiteh was ordained June 17, 1873; pastoral relations ceased Oct. 31, 1878.

" Rev. Samuel Howard Dana was installed Marclı 12, 1879, and is the present (June, 1880) incumbent.

" Elders .- But one ruling elder seems ever to have held office in this ehureh; he was Philip Groves, who died in 1676. He was deputy to the General Court for the town of Stratford as early as 1652. In 1654 he was chosen 'assistant,' and as such 'was em- powered to marry persons.'

" Deacons .- The earliest named officers of this class on record are John Birdseye and John Wilcoxson; the former is referred to as Deacon in 1678, and the latter in 1679, but neither of them could have been the first ineumbents after the organization of the church, as Mr. Birdseye was born in 1641 and died in 1698, and as Mr. Wileoxson was born in 1634 and died in 1690.

"3. Thomas Wells is mentioned as a deacon in 1707; died in 1721.

"4. Robert Walker is next named as a deacon in 1722; died in 1743.

"5. John Thompson is also mentioned as a deaeon in 1722; died in 1765.

"6. Job Peek is also styled 'Deacon' on his grave- stone, though no record of his appointment is extant ; died in 1782.

"7. Elnathan Wheeler, appointed in 1751, died 1761.

"8. Isaiah Brown, appointed in 1755, died 1793.

"9. John Judson, appointed in 1773, died -.

" 10. Ebenezer Coe, appointed in 1784, died 1820.

"11. Nathan McEwen, appointed in 1791, died 1810.

"12. Samuel Ufford, appointed in 1801, died 1821.

"13. Agur Curtis, appointed in 1801, died 1838.

"14. Philo Curtis, appointed in -, died 1852.

"15. Agur Curtis, appointed in -, died 1868.

"16. David P. Judson, appointed in 1837.

"17. Agur T. Curtis, appointed in 1858.

"18. Lewis Beers, appointed in 1858.

" 19. Charles C. Wells, appointed in 1867.

" 20. Samuel T. Houghton, appointed in 1877.

" 21. Samuel E. Curtis, appointed in 1877."

MEETING-HOUSES.

"The first house for public worship was erected near what is now called 'Sandy Hollow.' This fact in reference to it is of interest, and deserves to be re- membered. It possessed a bell, with which the people were summoned to worship. How it came to be thius favored is not known, for it was the only church in all the colonies where the people were not called to-

gether by ' drum, the blowing of shell or horn.' Jn 1681 this house was removed and its materials sold at auction.

"The second house for public worship was built on Watch-House (now Academy) Hill. In 1689 this house was, by vote, fortified for the security of the women and children against any attack that might be made by the Indians.

" The third house for public worship was built in 1743, and stood where the academy now stands until 1785, when it was destroyed by lightning.

"The fourth house for public worship was built in 1786. It occupied the site of the present house.

"The fifth and present house for worship was dedi- eated on the 27th October, 1859."

CHRIST CHURCII.

The first services in the State of Connecticut accord- ing to the rights and ordinances of the Protestant Episcopal Church were held in this town in 1706, and here the first Episcopal church in the State was erected in 1723.

FIRST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN CONNECTICUT.

The following account of the organization of this church is from Trumbull's " History of Connectient :"

" During the term of about seventy years from the settlement of Connecticut, the Congregational had been the only mode of worship in the colony. But the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in 1704, fixed the Rev. Mr. Muirson as a missionary at Rye. Some of the people at Stratford had been educated in the Church of England mode of worship and administering of the ordinances, and others were not pleased with the rigid doctrines and discipline of the New England churches, and they made an earnest application to Mr. Muirson to make a visit at Stratford and preach and baptize among them.

" About the year 1706, upon their invitation, he came to Stratford, accompanied with Col. Heathcote,

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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, CONNECTICUT.

a gentleman zealously engaged in promoting the Episcopal Church.

" The ministers aud people in that and the adjacent towns, it seems, were alarmed at his coming, and took pains to prevent their neighbors and families from hearing him. However, the novelty of the affair, and other circumstances, brought together a considerable assembly, and Mr. Muirson baptized five and twenty persons, principally adults.

"This was the first step towards introducing the church worship in the colony. In April, 1707, he made another visit to Stratford. Col. Heathcote was pleased to honor him with his company, as he had done before. He preached at this time at Fairfield, as well as Stratford, and in both towns baptized a number of children and adult persons. Both the magistrates and ministers opposed the introduction of Episcopacy, and advised the people not to attend the preaching of the church missionaries; but the opposition only increased the zeal of the church peo- ple. Mr. Muirson after this made several journeys to Connecticut and itinerated among the people. But there was no missionary from the society fixed in Connecticut until the year 1722, when Mr. Pigot was appointed missionary at Stratford. The churchmen at first in that town consisted of about fifteen fami- lies, among whom were a few husbandmen, but much the greater number were tradesmen who had been born in England and came and settled there. Some of their neighbors joined them, so that Mr. Pigot had twenty communicants and about one hundred and fifty hearers. In 1723, Christ Church in Stratford was founded, and the Rev. Mr. Johnson, afterwards Dr. Johnson, was appointed to succeed Mr. Pigot."

"From 1723," says Mrs. Kirk, "Christ Church of Stratford has a clear record and an important history. At that time Mr. Samuel Johnson, having returned from England, where he had spent a year and taken holy orders, was settled as pastor, and until 1754, when he became president of King's (now Columbia) College in New York, he gave all his powerful abili- ties to the advancement of the parish. During his long pastorate there were some lively breezes of doc- trinal and social differences between the rival religious bodies.

"In 1743 the second Christ church was erected on the village green at the foot of Meeting-House Hill, where it stood until 1858. It was to this church that Dr. Peters admiringly alluded, and on the top of its steeple was a proud and dominant cock, which has to this day faced the tempest. The bell was given by Dr. Johnson, and the glass for its many windows by another well-wisher, who, however, when he came to pay the bill, is said to have expressed some regrets for his over-lavish generosity, declaring with irrita- tion that the church must all have been made of glass. The organ was the first instrument of its kind used in a place of public worship in Connecticut, and was purchased in 1756 by thirty-three persons, who

' bound themselves to Mr. Gilbert Doblois, of Boston, merchant, in the aggregate sum of sixty pouuds ster- ling, to be paid within six years in six equal pay- ments of ten pounds sterling per annum, without de- mand of interest.' 1

"The Revolution brought fresh causes of difference between the churches. The Episcopal ministers, whose strength lay in traditional authority, naturally took the side of England. Having prayed so long for 'our excellent King George,' they found it al- most impossible to leave off such supplications. One of them uttered this prayer by inadvertence after the war began; then, seeing a threatening movement in his congregation, he corrected himself, shouting fran- tically, ' O Lord, I mean George Washington !' In Stratford church the old prayers were cut short by an arbitrary patriot, who had no notion of uttering 'Amen' to such heresies. 'My grandfather,' so Capt. Pulaski Benjamin has told me, 'went to church the Sunday after the battle of Lexington, and when Mr. Kneeland (the clergyman) read out the prayer for the royal family, he stood up in his pew and de- clared that no such prayers must be uttered in Strat- ford, that the name of George III. was the name of the worst enemy of every one in the colony. Mr. Kneeland rose from his knees, shut his prayer-book, raised his haud and pronounced the benediction, and the church was closed until the end of the war.'"

The first church edifice was opened for worship Der. 25, 1723. It was located in the present church burying-ground, and was in size forty-five and one- half feet in length, thirty and one-half feet wide, and twenty-two feet between joints.

The church, as mentioned above, was erected in 1743, and was opened for worship July 8, 1744. It was sixty feet long, forty-five feet and six inches wide, twenty-four feet high to the roof, with a spire one hundred and twenty feet high.

The present church edifice was dedicated July 29, 1858, with a spire ornamented by the venerable cock which had veered on the steeple-top of the ancient church.

Dr. Johnson was succeeded as rector of this church by Mr. Winslow, then Mr. Kneeland, who was suc- ceeded by Mr. Sayrc. The next rector was Rev. Ashbel Baldwin, who commenced his labors in 1792 and remained until 1832.

The rectors since Rev. Mr. Baldwin have been George C. Shepherd, Edwin W. Wiltbank, Alfred A. Miller, John Morgan, Joseph Scott, John A. Pad- dock, John Stearns, Daniel C. Weston, Charles H. Strong, D. L. Lounsbury, and Arthur Sloan, the pres- ent incumbent.

The following is the inscription on Dr. Johnson's monument in the Episcopal burying-ground :

"M. S. Samuelis Johnson, D.D. Collegii Regalis Novi Eboraci Praseidis

primi et hujus Ecclesia nuper Rectoris,

Natus Die 14 to Octob 1696, Obit 6 to Jan. 1772.

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STRATFORD.

If decent dignity and modest mien, The cheerful heart and countenance sorene ; If pure religion and unsullied truth, His age's solaee and his search in youth ; If piety in all the paths ho trod, Still rising vigorons to his Lord and God ; If charity thro' all the race he ran, Still willing well and doing good to man ; If LEARNING, free from pedantry and pride; If FAITH and virtue, walking side by side ; If well to nmrk his being's aim and end, To shine thro' life a HUSBAND, FATHER, FRIEND. If these ambitions in thy soul can raise, Excite thy reverence or demand thy praise ; Reader, ere yet thou quit this earthly scene, Revere his name, and be what he has been. MYLES COOPER."

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHI.S

From the best information I am able to obtain it appears that the first sermon preached by a Methodist in the village of Stratford, Conn., was by Jesse Lee, a noted evangelist, who passed through this place on his way to New Haven, and stopping at Stratford preached in the town-house on the 4th day of July, A.D. 1789. The first Methodist class was organized here ou the 19th day of May, 1790, by Jesse Lee, con- sisting of the following-named persons : John Smith, Johu Peck, Margaret Plumb and her sister, Amy Plumb, four in all. Bishop Asbury passed this place on June 7, 1791, preached in the town-house, and met the class which, organized only a little over one year before, had now increased its numbers to twenty mem- bers. Much opposition was aroused among the peo- ple against thiis then new sect, and from this period to 1810, when the first house of worship was erected, the preaching was had in private houses. The resi- dences of Capt. John Peck and Elnathan Wheeler are named as places where they usually met. No record can be found of the exact date when the first Methodist church was erected, nor of the name or number of the first officers and members. By refer- ence to the Conference records I find that in 1810, the year the first church was built, Nathan Emery and John Russell were preachers on the Stratford Circuit, and preached alternately in the village of Stratford, and Joseph Crawford presiding elder ; in 1811, Aaron Hunt, Oliver Sykes, and J. Reynolds were preachers, and William Anson presiding elder; 1812, Setlı Crowell, Gilbert Lyon, and S. Beach, preachers, and Elijah Hawley presiding elder; 1813, E. Washburn, Jas. Coleman, preachers, and N. Bangs presiding elder. The following were preachers from 1814 to 1879, inclusive : 1814, E. Wolsey and H. Ames ; 1815, E. Hibbard and B. English ; 1816, R. Harris and Diekerson; 1817, R. Harris and E. Canfield ; 1818, S. Bushnell and A. Pierce; 1819, B. Northrop and D. Miller ; 1820, Bela Smith and D. Miller; 1821, Bela Smith and James Coleman; 1822, Laban Clark and Eli Barnett ; 1823, Laban Clark and John Nixon; 1824, E. Deuniston and William Pease; 1825, E. Denniston and Julius Field; 1826, S. D. Ferguson

and V. Buck; 1827, E. Barnett and V. Buck; 1828- 29, Jolin Lovejoy and J. H. Romer; 1830-31, H. Bartlett and C. Sherman; 1832, S. Martindale and L. C. Cheney; 1833, J. P. Youngs and J. Tackaberry ; 1834, R. Gilbert; 1835, D. Miller ; 1836, D. Miller; 1837, C. W. Turner; 1838, Clark Fuller (Mr. Fuller left during this year, and Asalich Bronson, a local preacher, was appointed to fill the vacancy for the year); 1839-40, Abram S. Francis (during his pastorate the present church edifice was erected); 1841-42, Paul R. Brown (under his labors the church was fa- vored with a very precious revival, and a number who have since become prominent members were con- verted); 1843-44, Daniel Smith, whose labors were also greatly blessed in the building up of believers; 1845- 46, Harvey Husted; 1847, - Frost; 1848-49, C. Kelsey ; 1850-51, Morris Hill; 1852-53, Jacob Shaw; 1854, G. C. Creevy ; 1855-56, L. D. Nickerson ; 1857- 58, William T. Hill; 1859-60, S. A. Seaman; 1861- 62, J. W. Simpson; 1863-65, Bennett T. Abbott; 1866-67, T. D. Littlewood; 1868-70, Joseph Smith ; 1871-73, Joseph Vinton; 1874-76, A. V. R. Abbott ; 1877-79, Benjamin Pillsbury. This completes the list of preachers up to this Conference year, which com- menced April 1, 1880, when the Rev. S. A. Seaman, who served this charge in the years 1859-60, was appointed here, and is now preacher in charge of this station.

The present number of church members is 185; Sunday-school scholars, 137 ; teachers and officers, 23; volumes in Sunday-school library, 413; value of church edifice and land, $60,000; value of church parsonage and land, $2000.

Board of Trustees .- Wilbur A. Smith, President ; H. A. Sutton, Secretary and Treasurer; Henry M. Blakeslee, Otis B. Curtis, Lewis Curtis.

Board of Stewards .- E. I. Peck, Presideut, aud Acting Secretary and Treasurer; W. French, H. A. Suttou, O. Bouton, James Meachen.

SUMMERFIELD CHURCHI.

About the 1st of January, 1871, the following per- sons met in a room on Barnum Street, West Stratford, aud established a mission : Rev. W. W. Bowdish, pastor of Washington Park Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. George A. Parkington, George W. Bacon, Solomon Batchelor, W. W. Stannard, and a number of others. Rev. George A. Parkington, theu a local preacher, but since a member of the New York East Conference, was selected to preach in the mis- sion. He preached his first sermon Jan. 15, 1871. Jan. 29, 1871, a Sabbath-school was organized ; Wes- ley W. Botsford, Superintendent; Frauk N. Cox, Secretary and Treasurer; David Clark, Librarian. The school began with thirty members. In due time a class and regular prayer-meeting were established. Solomon Batchelor was the class-leader. As the mis- sion prospered they began to talk of building a church. A committee was appointed for this purpose and a site

* Contributed by H. A. Sutton.

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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, CONNECTICUT.

purchased. A lady by the name of Susan Hubbell sent for the committee and headed the subscription with five hundred dollars. The committee were George W. Bacon, Solomon Batchelor, Calvin Hall, I. Hurd, and L. B. Vaill. George A. Parkington joined the Conference in April, 1872, and was sent to the Sum- merfield Church, as this was the name selected for the new church.

On the 30th of the same month the building eom- mittee met to adopt a plan for the building, and George W. Bacon gave five hundred dollars, and other sub- scriptions were received. Solomon Batchelor, Isaac Hurd, P. T. Barnum, and Frances Ford each gave one hundred dollars. May 5, 1872, the first members were received by letter : Gilead T. Andrews, Maria An- drews, Solomon Batchelor, Joanna Batehelor, George H. Batchelor, Flavia A. Batchelor, Wesley H. Bots- ford, Alice M. Botsford, Wallace M. Botsford, Romeo Botsford, Edith A. Botsford, Margaret E. Bacon, Elizabeth M. Bacon, Henry C. Bennett, Jennie A. Bennett, Mary E. Batcheldor, Frederick Cox, Abby E. Cox, Sylvanus Granger, Calvin Hall, Increase Hoyt, Mary E. Hoyt, James Lobdell, Elizabeth Lob- dell, Augusta O. Lobdell, Rebecea N. Lobdell, Martha J. Lund, Irving C. Peck, Emmagene H. Peck, Sarah E. Parkington, Charles Shailor, Alice M. Shailor, Immanuel Sciviter.

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History of Fairfield County, Connecticut : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 187

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton) comp. cn Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Philadelphia, J. W. Lewis & co. Number of Pages: 1572

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton) comp. cn
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia, J. W. Lewis & co.
Number of Pages: 1572