USA > Connecticut > Middlesex County > History of Middlesex county, Connecticut, with biographical sketches of its prominent men > Part 71
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From a perusal of the town records these facts may be learned: Town officers were formerly poorly paid and
269
DURHAM-REPRESENTATIVES.
there was a general disinclination to accept office. There was a fine for not accepting an appointment, and, unless a sufficient excuse was rendered, the fine was actually imposed. Some years several such fines were paid.
Horses were to be kept off the highways and common, but swine and geese might be pastured there if the swine and the old ganders were well ringed.
The town has had many disputes and a number of law suits in time past, including cases in the General As- sembly, concerning the settlement of paupers, laying out of highways, etc. The last generation was far more litigious than the present.
The votes in the quotations from the records indicate the horror of the small-pox and the strength of the pre- judice against inoculation. In recent times there was a vote to furnish vaccination free. The pest house, where small-pox patients were taken, was 40 feet long. It could be approached in but one direction and by a steep path. Near it was a graveyard for the victims of the disease, and the patients were carried directly through this yard. Burials, if made elsewhere, must be at dead of night. There are several gravestones there now.
CIVIL LIST. .
Representatives .- The Representatives for the town of Durham from 1710 to the present time have been:
James Wadsworth, 1710 M., 1710 O., 1712 M .- 1716 M., 1717 M .- 1718 M .; Caleb Seward, 1710 M., 1711 O., 1714 O .- 1717 M., 1718 O., 1719 M., 1720 M., 1.721 M .- 1722 M., 1723 M .; John Suthiff, 1716 O .; Samuel Fair- child, 1717 O., 1719 M .; Henry Crane, 1718 M., 1718 O., 1720 O., 1722 O., 1723 O .- 1726 M., 1727 M .- 1731 M., 1732 M .- 1734 M., 1735 M .- 1736 M., 1739 O .; William Seward, 1719 O., 1725 M., 1726 O., 1727 O .; Thomas Lyman, 1719 O., 1720 M., 1721 M .- 1722 M., 1723 O., 1724 O., 1725 O .- 1727 M .; Samuel Parsons, 1720 O., 1722 O., 1723 M., 1724 M .; Joseph Coe, 1728 M .; Na- thaniel Sutliff, 1728 O .- 1731 O .; Nathan Camp, 1731 O., 1735 M .- 1737 M., 1739 O., 1740 O., 1741 O., 1742 M., 1743 O., 1744 M., 1745 M., 1745 O., 1747 O., 1748 M., 1756 M., 1758 M., 1766 M .; Moses Parsons, 1732 M .- 1733 O., 1734 O., 1738 M .; Elihu Chauncey, 1734 M., 1734 O., 1736 O .- 1739 M., 1740 M .- 1747 M., 1748 O .- 1755 M .. 1756 M .- 1757 O., 1758 O., 1759 M., 1760 M .- 1761 M., 1762 M .- 1765 M., 1766 O .- 1774 O., 1776 M .. 1776 O .; Ebenezer Lyman, 1737 O .; James Wadsworth,* 1738 O., 1746 M .- 1747 M., 1748 M .- 1752 O., 1755 M., 1755 O., 1756 O., 1757 M., 1758 M., 1759 M .- 1760 O., 1761 O .- 1767 M., 1768 O .- 1776 M., 1777 M., 1778 M .- 1780 M., 1781 M .- 1783 O., 1784 O., 1785 M., 1788 O .; Robert Fairchild, 1739 M., 1740 M., 1741 M., 1742 O, 1743 M., 1744 O; Abraham Bartlett, 1747 O; James Curtis, 1753 M., 1767 O., 1768 M; Nathaniel Seward, 1753 0; John Camp 3d, 1754 M., 1758 O; Ezra Baldwin, 1754 O; John Curtiss, 1755 0; Ebenezer Guernsey, 1765 O; Daniel Hall, 1775 M., 1775 O., 1783 M .- 1784
M., 1785 O .- 1786 O., 1788 M., 1788 O; Benjamin Pick- ett, 1776 O., 1780 O., 1787 O., 1796 M; Elnathan Camp, 1777 M .- 1778 O., 1797 M .- 1799 M., 1800 M .- 1801 M; Stephen Norton, 1779 M; Phineas Spelman, 1779 O; Simeon Parsons, 1780 M .- 1782 O., 1784 M .- 1788 M., 1789 M .- 1795 O., 1796 O; James Robinson, 1787 M; Daniel Parmalee, 1789 0,-1795 O., 1798 M .- 1803 M., 1804 M., 1806 O .- 1808 M., 1813 O., 1814 M., 1815 O., 1816 M .; James Hickox, 1796 M .; Abraham Scranton, 1796 O., 1797 M., 1803 O .; Levi Parmalee, 1797 O .; Bridgeman Guernsey, 1799 O., 1810 M .- 1811 M., 1817 O., 1818 M., 1821: Charles Coe, 1801 0 .- 1804 0., 1807 O .- 1809 M., 1816 O., 1817 M; N. W. Chauncey, 1804 O., 1805 M; Jeremiah Butler, 1805 M .- 1806 M; Joseph Parsons, 1805 O .- 1806 O; Daniel Bates, 1807 M., 1823; Job Merwin, 1808 O .; Benjamin Merwin, 1809 M. Guernsey Bates, 1809 O., 1813 O., 1814 M., 1815 M; Seth Seward, 1809 O; Asher Canfield, 1810 M; James Pickett, 1810 0., 1811 M; Washington Chauncey, 1811 O; Isaac Newton, 1811 O., 1812 M; WV. G. Chauncey, 1812 M., 1817 M; Abner Newton, 1812 O., 1813 M., 1815 O; John Butler, 1812 O., 1813 M; Nathan O. Camp, 1814 O,, 1815 M; Worth- ington Chauncey, 1814 O., 1816 M., 1816 O; Asahel Strong, 1817 O., 1818 M., 1824, 1826, 1832; Abel Lyman, 1818 O; Manoah Camp, 1818 O; Thomas Lyman, 1819 M; John Swathel, 1819 M., 1824, 1825, 1828, 1829, 1832 ; Richard Robinson, 1820, 1822, 1826, 1827, 1830, 1831, 1834, 1837; Samuel Tibbals, 1820, 1822, 1828, 1833, 1835, 1837; Denis Camp, 1821; Lemuel Camp, 1823; Eliphas Nettleton, 1825; Jabez Chalker, 1827; Charles Robinson, 1829, 1833 ; Jesse Atwell, 1830; Timothy Coe, 1831; Charles Thompson, 1834; Munson Strong, 1835, 1836, 1839; Lucius Foote, 1836; Leverett W. Leach, 1838; Joseph Chidsey, 1838, 1839; Nathan Parsons, 1840; Samuel G. Tibbals, 1840; John S. Camp, 1841; Zebulon Hale, 1842, 1845; Alfred Camp, 1842; Asher Robinson, 1843; Perez Sturtevant, 1844; Bennet B. Beecher, 1844; Curtis C. Camp, 1845; Elisha Newton, 1846; Enos Rogers, 1846; Clement M. Parsons, 1847, 1851, 1854; Wolcott P. Stone, 1847, 1852; Henry Lyman, 1848; Watson Davis, 1848, 1860; Frederick T. Elliott, 1849; L. M. Leach, 1849, 1860; Henry E. Rob- inson, 1840; A. Robinson, 1850; Henry Strong, 1851; D. B. Beecher, 1852, 1862; Russell H. Shelley, 1853; William Wadsworth, 1853, 1866, 1867; Phineas Robinson, 1854; W. H. Walkley, 1855; Bishop Atwell, 1835; Samuel New- ton, 1856; Thomas Francis, 1856; Samuel O. Tibbals, 1857; D. C. Camp, 1857, 1862; Luzerne Elliott, 1858, 1880; Leander C. Hickox, 1858; William A. Parmelce, 1859; Joel Ives, 1859; Joel Austin, 1861; Edward P. Camp, 1863; William C. Ives, 1863, 1881; William H. Canfield, 1864: Roger W. Newton, 1864; S. S. Scranton, 1865, 1867; Isaac Parmalee, 1865; Oscar Leach, 1866; Elas B. Meigs, 1868 ;; John B. Newton, 1868; H. Tucker, 1869; H. Southmayd, 1869, 1870; Henry Page, 1870-72; Sereno F. Leete, 1871; Samuel B. Southmayd, 1872; Samuel W. Loper, 1873, 1874; Israel C. Newton, 1873, 1874; Isaac W. Hickox, 1875, 1876; Lucius H. Foote,
*Col. James Wadsworth, one of the first settiers, had a son James and a grandson General James. Both were prominent men, and both represented the town in General Court many sessions. The dates given include the services of beth men.
270
HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
1875, 1876; William H. Francis, 1877; Edgar T. Elliott, 1877; Silas W. Fowler. 1878; Henry Davis, 1878; George WV. Lyman, 1879; William W. Fowler, 1879; Samuel G. Tibbals, 1880; Daniel B. Coe, 1881; Talcott P. Strong, 1882; Julius Davis, 1882; Alfred Jackson, 1883; William C. Newton, 1883; Alvin P. Roberts, 1884; Judson E. Francis, 1884.
Town Clerks .- Caleb Seward, from 1706 to 1707; Col. James Wadsworth, 1707 to 1756; Gen. James Wadsworth, 1756 to 1786; Simeon Parsons, 1786 to 1810: Worthing- ton F. Chauncey, 1810 to 1830; Asher Robinson, 1830 to 1843; Samuel Parsons, 1843 to 1846; William Wadsworth, 1846 to 1859; William Parmelee, 1859 to 1860; William Wadsworth, 1860 to 1870; Erasmus D. Andrews, 1870 to 1872; W. W. Fowler, 1872 to 1881; W. Parsons, since 1881.
EXTRACTS FROM FIELD'S HISTORY.
The following are extracts from Field's History:
" Many lots or farms in Coginchaug were granted by the Legislature to persons who had performed important ser- vices for the Colony. In this way more than 5,000 acres became the property of individuals before any settlement was made.
" These grants proved unfavourable to the settlement of the town, for the grantees were widely dispersed in Connecticut, and were so situated, most of them, that they could not remove and occupy their rights; or that they did not wish to alienate them. The large grant to Killingworth, in 1686, was still more unfavourable.
"In May 1704, the proprietors of farms at Coginchaug besought the Assembly for some act which should en - courage a settlement at that place. In answer to this the Assembly decreed or rather proposed that the pro- prietors should give up one fourth part of their farms, and that the part thus given up, with the common lands should be laid out in lots for such persons as should of- fer themselves for inhabitants. These proposals were accepted and settlers came in from various places who, in May 1708, were favoured with a patent, confirming to them all the lands in the township. The number of adult male inhabitants at that time was 34, most of whom were heads of families. Their names were as follows: Caleb Seward, David Seward, Joseph Seward, David Robinson and Joel Parmelee, from Guilford; the Rev. Nathaniel Chauncey, Isaac Chauncey, Robert Coe, Joseph Coe, Samuel Fairchild, James Curtis, Jehiel Hawley, and Benjamin Baldwin, from Stratford; Richard Beach and Benjamin Beach, supposed to have been from the same place; James Baldwin, Samuel Camp, William Roberts. Samuel Sanford, and Thomas Wheeler, from Milford; Joseph Gaylord, Joseph Gaylord jr., John Gaylord. Joseph Hickcox, and Stephen Hickcox, from Waterbury; Joseph Norton and Samuel Norton, from Saybrook; John Sutliff and Nathaniel Sutliff, from Deerfield; James Wadsworth, from Farming on; Jonathan Wells, from Hatfield; Henry Crane, from Killingworth; Hezekiah Talcott, from Hartford; and Ezekiel Buck, from
Weathersfield.
"Directly after they received their patent, these set- 1lers purchased of the inhabitants of Killingworth the jurisdiction of the tract granted to them, for which they gave them the fee of 60 acres of land.
" They were very early joined by John Norton, from Saybrook; by the ancestors of the Lymans, Parsonses and Strongs, from Northampton; of the Newtons,
Guernseys, Tibbalses, Merwins, and Canfields, from Mil- ford; of the Pickets, from Stratford; of the Bateses, from Haddam; and of the Hulls, from Killingworth. In later periods, families have settled in the town by the name of Hall, Hart, Bishop, and Scranton, from Guil- ford; of Smith and Johnson, from Middletown; of Chalker and Loveland, from Saybrook, and of Butler, from Branford.
As early as 1723, John Sutliff, Nathaniel Sutliff, and probably some others from Durham, settled on Haddam Quarter. Persons also from other towns settled on this tract. These had the consent of the people of Haddam that they might attend public worship in Durham; and in October 1773 the Quarter was annexed to this town.
" There is a quarry of free stone in Haddam Quarter, from which stone have been taken to a limited extent for 70 or 80 years.
" In 1756, there were 799 inhabitants in Durham, ex- clusive of Haddam Quarter, in which there may have been 100 or 150 more. In 1774, there were 1,076, and in 1810, I,IOI.
" The reason that there has been no more increase of population for many years is that individuals and fami- lies have removed almost perpetually to other places. Many of the early settlers of the town have no descend- ants here at the present time, or none who bear their names. Some of the people removed to Granville, in . Massachusetts, about 1750; some to Sandersfield about 1765, and some to West Stockbridge and Richmond about 1786. Some removed to Durham, in the State of New York, about 1788; some to Whitestown about 1796, and others at more recent periods have gone to New Con- necticut.
" There is only one school district in this town, though schools are taught in five different places. But one school appears to have been kept until December 1737, when the people on the west side of Coginchaug swamp were allowed to have a school. One was set up soon after at the north end of the town.
" The following distinguished characters must be no- ticed:
"Colonel James Wadsworth, one of the first settlers, was bred a lawyer, and though it is not likely that he . was ever extensively employed in that capacity, yet he was called to various public services. The people of Durham gave him almost all the offices at their disposal; and when his abilities and worth came to be generally known, he was honored repeatedly by appointments from the Colony. He was the first justice of the peace in the town and had the command of the first military company at its formation. Upon the organization of the militia, in 1739, he was constituted colonel of the 10th regiment. For a time he was justice of the quorum for the county of New Haven. From 1748 until 1751, he was an assistant. In May 1724, he was appointed, with several other gentlemen, to hear and determine all matters of error and equity brought on petition to the General Assembly, and from 1725 until he left the coun- cil, was one of the judges of the Superior Court. In fulfilling the public duties assigned Chim, ability and in- tegrity were alike conspicuous; while an exemplary at- tendance upon the worship and ordinances of the Lord gave a peculiar dignity to his character. He died in January 1756, aged 78.
"Colonel Elihu Chauncey, son of the Rev. Mr. Chaun . cey, was an upright, useful and worthy man. For a very long period he was connected with the county court in New Haven county, either as a justice of the quorum or as judge; and for forty years, with scarcely an exception, he represented the town in the General Assembly. He died in April 1791, aged 81.
27I
DURHAM-ROADS-FIRST CHURCH.
"General Phinehas Lyman, an officer in the second French war, was born in Durham, but I am not suffi- ciently acquainted with his history to give his character; and as he removed from the town after completing his education, it does not so properly belong to this work.
" The late General James Wadsworth was son of James Wadsworth Esq., and grandson of Colonel Wadsworth, whose character has just been related. He was gradu- ated at Yale College in 1748, and settling in his native town, was soon advanced in military life, and afterwards was constituted by the Assembly the commander of a brigade. For two or three years, in the course of the Revolutionary war, he was a member of Congress. For some time he was justice of the quorum, and then judge of the Court of common pleas in New Haven county. In 1786 and 87 he was controller of public accounts in the State, and from 1785 until 1789, a member of the Coun- cil. At the latter period some objections in his mind against taking the oath of fidelity to the Constitution of the United States induced him to retire from public business. He died in September 1816, aged 87."
DURHAM IN 1819.
The following extract is from " Gazetteer of Connecti- cut " 1819:
" The principal manufacture is that of shoes; of which, for some years past, considerable quantities have been made, and sent to the southern States for a market. There are 4 Tanneries, 2 Grain Mills, 3 Saw Mills, I Carding Machine, and I Cider Distillery.
" The population of the town in 1810 was 1130; and there are about 150 Electors, 2 Companies of Militia, and 172 Dwelling houses.
" The aggregate list of the town in 1816, including polls, was $26,609.
" This town comprises but one located Ecclesiastical Society. Besides which, there is I Society of Episco- palians, and 1 of Methodists. In the centre of the town there is a small but pleasant village.
" There are, in Durham, 3 Mercantile Stores, 6 com- mon Schools, I small Academy, 2 Social Libraries, I Clergyman, and I Physician."
HIGHWAYS.
September 2d 1707, three highways were ordered laid out across Coginchaug Swamp, four rods wide. These were to connect the east part of the town with the north west side, the middle west side, and the southwest side These are the Causeway, the Lower Causeway, and the old road further south.
July 2d 1860, a highway was laid out from Elisha Newton's to Henry Parsons' house in Haddam Quarter.
In 1863, the town voted to join Middlefield in laying out a highway from Crooked lane to David Lyman's. Middlefield would not join; the matter came into the courts and the trial was held in Durham. It lasted a long time and was hotly contested, but David Lyman won his road. This road leads to the railroad station, shortens the route to Meriden, and has proved one of the most useful highways Durham has ever had. It is called the Lyman road in grateful remembrance of the man who had the ability and the determination to carry it through.
TURNPIKE COMPANIES.
In May 1811, the Durham and East Guilford Turn- pike Company was chartered, with power to make and
maintain a road from Durham to the stage road in East Guilford.
In 1813, the Middletown, Durham, and New Haven Turnpike Company was chartered, to lay a road from Middletown to New Haven. This road became a part of the shortest stage line between Boston and New York.
In May 1815, the Haddam and Durham Turnpike Company was chartered. The act of the Assembly omits to state where the road was to be, but it was the old Haddam Turnpike. The toll for a four-wheeled pleasure carriage, with two horses, was 38 cents.
In May 1824, the Guilford & Durham Turnpike Com- pany was chartered, with power to make and maintain a road from Durham to the public square in Guilford, and thence to Sachem's Head Harbor, in Guilford.
All these turnpikes, so far as Durham is concerned, are now highways, free, and maintained by the town.
FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.
In 1708, the town asked and received permission to " embody themselves in church estate " with the appro- bation of the neighboring churches. A parsonage was built in 1708, though there was as yet no church edifice.
The first minister was Nathaniel Chauncey. He be- gan to preach in Durham for the second time, May 23d 1706, being 24 years of age. Durham then contained 14 families. For his first year's labor, Mr. Chauncey re- ceived 55 pounds in grain, at country prices, the use of the parsonage, and his fire wood. Subsequently his salary was raised to 60 pounds. He was allowed 100 loads of wood annually. With wheat at 5 shillings, and corn at 21/2 shillings per bushel, as the records show to have sometimes been the prices, his salary would be 240 bushels of wheat, or 480 bushels of corn. He was a graduate of Yale College, and the first to receive a de- gree from that institution. He was ordained early in 1711. There were some sharp contests over the ordina tion, there being several theologians in his flock. The ordination was a grand occasion. The town paid the bill. Among the provisions were " a sheep, 2 quarters of mutton, 2 piggs, frrsh pork, salt pork, beef, a bushel and a half of mault, 3 Bushels Apples. a Barrel of Cvder, Metheglin, Rum, and groceries." Mr. Chauncey died in 1756.
June 8th 1756, the town voted to apply to the com- mittee of the Reverend Association (the New Haven Association) for advice as to obtaining a candidate for the ministry to preach with them on probation for a set- tlement. The committee advised them to apply to Elizur Goodrich.
After three months preaching on probation the town and church united in a call, and he was ordained and settled November 24th 1756, being then 22 years old. His salary was $72, and the use of the 5 lots reserved for the use of the ministry; the salary to be paid in ready money or in produce, at ready money market price. Beside this he received Ezo as bonus upon set- tlement. A thorough scholar, he took private pupils
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HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
and prepared students for college. He left an estate of $6,000 or $7,000. He died in November 1797.
February 10th 1799, Rev. David Smith came to preach on probation. May 20th, the town, in town meet- ing, voted to give him a call; the church united with the town in the call, and on August 13th he was ordained. There was then but one church in the town, and it had 125 members.
From the committee's report to the town, of their con- ference with Mr. Smith, it appears that he considered it improper for him to put a price on his services, and thought that the town should make the offer, and that he did not care to eke out his salary by farming, but wished to be placed in such a situation that he might give his whole time to his work.
The report goes on to say among other things:
" The Committee beg leave to report, that they have taken into consideration ye advanced prices of pro- visions, and other necessary articles of subsistence, be- yond what they were forty years ago; also ye great dif- ference in ye style and manner of living in this State, and ye consequent increased expense-also ye situation of this Town, whereby a minister will unavoidably be liable to more expense to support a decent character, than in many other places."
Before railroads changed the mode of travel, Durham was very centrally located, and the duties of hospitality were a heavy tax on its minister. His salary was $500 per annum, and the use of a five-acre lot and a seven- acre lot. The five-acre lot was worth $1,700 to sell; far more than it was worth to cultivate; and more than it would sell for now. In 1827, his salary was reduced to $450; in 1828, to $400. The town now, with probably no greater ability than then, raises over $2.500 per year for church and missionary purposes. He was dismissed January 11th 1832, after a ministry of 33 years.
During his ministry he received the degree of D.D. from Yale College. He died March 5th 1862, aged 94 He continued to reside in Durham after leaving the min- istry. At an election just before his death, his vote was challenged on the ground of non-residence. He had been on a visit to his daughter. He replied to the chal- lenger: "I have voted in Durham 59 years, and that is before you were born."
He cultivated his land with his own hands, and did it well. He established the custom of holding prayer meetings, against strong opposition; but he would not hold them in haying time. One member, on being re- quested to take part in the meeting, replied that he was not going to keep a dog and bark himself.
Preparatory lectures were held in the afternoon. One summer, those coming to the lecture, found the good doctor at work in his hay field, with a large amount of hay out, and a shower coming up. The male attend- ants, as they came up, of course had to join in saving the hay. A good deacon, leaving his own hay field, had put on his Sunday coat over a ragged shirt, and! worked with it on. The minister exhorted him to take off his coat. "No," said he, "it keeps the heat out; " he worked valorously till the hay was saved, and
duly attended the sermon, but acknowledged privately afterward that it was the hottest service he had ever known.
During Dr. Smith's ministry, the Methodist and the Episcopal churches were organized.
In the year 1774, there were only six dissenters in Durham, in a population of 1,031. But during the min- istry of Dr. Smith, times had changed; revolutions in politics were followed by revolutions in religious thought, and dissent increased; infidel doctrines were openly avowed. Dr. Smith urged personal and family religion. and strict enforcement of church discipline. He was strongly liked and disliked. He was not afraid of making enemies. There were threats, and, it was thought, ac- tual danger, of personal violence.
Henry Gleason preached his first sermon in Durham the first Sunday in April 1832; he preached his last on the second Sunday of August 1839, and died on the 16th of the same month. During his ministry of seven years, 136 were added to the church. Many were added to the Methodist church during the same period. A true, faith- ful, zealous, Christian minister, his was the golden age of the Congregational church in Durham.
Charles L. Mills was installed April 28th 1841, and dismissed in September 1845, much to the regret of his people. He is still living, and engaged in ministerial labor.
Rev. Merrill Richardson was then stated pastor for two years.
L. H. Pease began January 1849; closed January 185 1.
Rev. James B. Cleveland was installed June 8th 1852, ind dismissed September 10th 1853. During his minis- try there was a revival, and a large addition to the church.
Rev. Benjamin S. J. Page was acting pastor for three " years, from October 1853 to October 1856.
Rev. A. C. Baldwin was installed October 18th 1857, and dismissed April 16th 1861. During his ministry in May 1858, 40 persons united with the church in one day.
Rev. Benjamin S. J. Page was again acting pastor for two years from February 1863 to April 1865. The strongest pulpit orator Durham ever had; he preached strongly and often against slavery and secession. It was during his last term of service that he preached his fast day sermon of two hours and three-quarters.
Rev. A. C. Pierce began July 1866; closed August 1870. He went from Durham to Brookfield Junction, where he still remains.
Rev. Henry E. Hart began November 1871; closed June 1875.
Rev. A. S. Cheesebrough began April 1876; closed November 1884. He is 71 years of age and is the sixth minister who has closed his ministry in Durham.
Deacons of the First Church with date of death and age:
William Seward, May 31st 1764, 76 years; Thomas Lyman, July 15th 1725, 75 years; Henry Crane, April 1741,64 years; Israel Burrit, 1750, 62 years; John Camp, 1754, 53 years; Joseph Tibbals, October 14th 1774, 87
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