USA > Connecticut > Middlesex County > History of Middlesex county, Connecticut, with biographical sketches of its prominent men > Part 98
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nelius Brainerd, and Philander Burr. On the 22d of the same month $100 bounty was offered for recruits in the Connecticut militia for nine months' service.
At a special meeting, August 12th 1863, the town de- cided to pay each drafted man who should be held to service $150 as a bounty or to assist him in obtaining a substitute. The selectmen at this as well as at other meetings, were directed to borrow money on the credit of the town to meet the present needs, and immediately following the execution of the order the town voted a tax to be raised to meet the expense incurred.
At a special meeting, August 25th 1864, it was directed that the selectmen should give an order on the town treasurer for $225 in favor of any man who should enlist or obtain a substitute to count to the credit of the town in making up its quota under the recent call for 500,000 men.
December 31st 1864, the town voted a bounty of $150 to any recruit or drafted man who should count on the quota of the town under the call for 300,000 men, which quota for this town numbered 20. Isaac Arnold and A. J. Sherman were appointed a committee to procure vol- unteers or substitutes.
The names of men who represented this town in the service of the United States during the Civil war appear in the general history of the county.
CONNECTICUT VALLEY RAILROAD.
The question of subscribing to the capital stock of this railroad was brought before a special town meeting, February 15th 1869, and the proposition to take 300 shares was lost by a vote of 116 against 3. Another vote on the question was reached on the 2d of the following March, the conditions of the proposition now being that all the avails of such subscription should be applied to the construction of the road south of the city of Mid- dletown, and that it should not be made binding until at least 10,000 shares of the stock should be taken by re- sponsible individuals or corporations. The proposition was adopted by a vote of 231 against 183. Daniel Scovil was appointed the agent for the town, to subscribe in its name and behalf for the stock and vote upon the same in stockholders' meetings for one year. At a third meet- ing, held on the 30th of the following August, the num- ber of shares was increased from 300 to 400. The grow- ing popularity of the movement is shown by the vote which now stood 208 in favor against 84 opposed to it. The payment of the first installment of 5 per cent. was ordered January 10th 1870. The issue of bonds to the amount of $40,000, to meet the expense of this stock, was decided upon at a meeting March 7th 1870. The bonds were dated April Ist 1870, to bear six per cent. in- terest, to be redeemable in ten years and due in 20 years. March 20th 1880, the town authorized the issue of new bonds, bearing four and a half per cent. interest, with which to replace the first issue at the expiration of the first ten years. The bonds were bought by C. T. Hillyer of Hartford, and are still running, no part of them hav- ing been paid.
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385
HADDAM-SCHOOLS -- MILLS.
EDUCATIONAL.
The first record in relation to schools is in 1705, when Nathaniel Spencer, John Ventrous, and Thomas Brooks were chosen by the town a committee for the school on the west side of the river.
November 8th 1708, the town decided to procure a "sufficient schoolmaster " to be employed 10 months in the year, from the middle of February. The master was obliged to teach all the children sent by their parents to the school, " both for reading and writing." The in- habitants agreed to pay such schoolmaster for his ser- vices " as the law directs concerning schools," and to give the offer some definiteness in regard to results, they agreed to pay for all male children between the age of five and 12 years, and all female from five to seven years, whether they were sent to school or not. On the roth of the following March, the town voted to employ William Sco- vill as school master according to that plan.
The school was at first accommodated in a private house. The question of building a school house began to be agitated in 1709, and a vote to build one near the house of Capt. Samuel Clark was passed that year. Whether the house was built according to that vote or not does not appear. Another attempt to build a school house was made in 1716, when on the 13th of December the town voted to build one 16 by 18 feet in size, “ near the Sign Post." The building was also to be used for those who "dwell remote," in attending church. Whether this building was erected at that time or not the docu- mentary evidence does not show; but in 1728, a school house was in question, and a subscription was raised for that purpose. This subscription contains the names of 59 persons, and the sums subscribed amounted to £24, 3s., 6d. In 1730, the town paid for school £8, tos. In 1732, the town voted to keep the school at the school house three months, and to move it from place to place during the remainder of the year. The time that the school should be kept was regularly voted upon every year by the town. The following vote was passed March 16th 1735-36:
"At said meeting it was voted and agreed upon that the school for the teaching Children to Read or knit or otherwise shall for the first six months ensuing of this present year be kept in divers parts of this town by School Dames only and as for the number of school Dames and the places where said school shall be kept it is wholly left to the descretion of the school committee to order.
"Also further by vote it was fully agreed that after the above six months are Expired. that then for the next five months ensuing the School shall by a School master be keept all the term of s'd five months at our presen school house."
No. 7, Tylerville, 67; No. 8, Walkley Hill, 19; No. 9, Brainerd District, 27: No. 10, Little City, 30; No. II, Beaver Meadow, 26; No. 12, Burr District, 41; and Haddam Neck, 72; making a total in the town of 647 scholars in the schools. The most of these schools were taught by men in the winter and by women in the summer.
EARLY MILLS.
The scraps of information concerning the early estab- lishment of mills for sawing and grinding, and fulling cloth, are so scattering that it is difficult to make a satisfactory statement concerning them, or to give a certain and definite account of their founding. Means for reducing their grain to meal were among the first needs of the colonists, and the manufacture of boards for protecting themselves and their stock from the rigors of the weather was begun as soon as it was possible to establish the facilities. Special inducements were offered those who would engage in these enterprises, and the full- ing mill soon found its place when the settlers became so well established as to begin the manufacture of cloth for their garments.
The following is the earliest record concerning these matters. It is without date, but was passed at some time between 1662 and 1669:
" Whereas the towne are in Great nasesity of a Corne mille and are not abell to bild one have sould the above said lands that were laid out for a Smith to John Elder- kin of Norwich to billd a mill for them and have ingaged to acomodate a smith with land any wheare in the towne that shall come wheare he shall like and to make it equivilent as near as they can to what was laid out for a smith."
What Mr. Elderkin did in the matter is not known, but somewhere he failed in making good his agreement with the town, and March 26th 1669 the townsmen were instructed to bring suit against him for that delinquency, but with what result is not known.
It was not permitted for the people to go to mill at any time. Probably the business did not require running the mill but a part of the time. The town voted, No- vember 11th 1669, that " euary monday shall be the day for euary one to cary his Corne to mille to Grinde." It is probable that the mill established by Mr. Elderkin was on the stream known as Mill River. March 13th 1670-71, it was voted that ten acres of land should be laid out on the east side of that river at the south end of John Henerson's six-acre lot, to belong to the mill forever.
The second enterprise of the kind was probably estab- lished upon Higganum River. A grant or contract hav- ing been previously made, the following action in regard to it was taken February 19th 1678.
" At the same meeting it was voated that the time of the goeing of the sawe mille at heganumpos is defered to the first of may next insueing.
In 1814, there were 13 school districts in the town, 12 of which were on the west side of the river. Their loca- tions and the number of scholars who attended school in each were as follows: No. I, Haddam Centre, 94; No. 2, " At the same meeting it was uoated the streame one heganumpes riuer shall belonge to the aboue sayd mille Higganum, 83; No. 3, Ponsett, 40; No. 4, Shailerville, 75; No. 5, Turkey Hill, 38; No. 6, Candlewood Hill, 35; |during the time of saweing and the mille be kept in good
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HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
repaire for that worke exsept their be a desertion by the owners of the mille for one yeare; prouided that noe extraordanary prouedence fall out to hinder them."
The owners of the mill were granted, at the same meeting, 10 acres where it was most convenient for them, and an additional tract of sixty acres, provided they would build a dwelling house and place an inhabitant in it in four years.
In 1695, the town covenanted with Joseph Rogers, granting him the privilege of putting up a saw mill at the end of his grist mill. Some of the conditions were that he should furnish the townspeople with timber or lumber for their own use, for 12 pence less per 100 feet than they could purchase the same at any other place on the river, and he should have one half for sawing logs of any kind except oak, for which he was to be paid 12 pence a 100 feet.
The mill on Mill River probably belonged to the town for several years after this time. February 28th 1704, a committee was appointed to take action " concerning our mill to bring ber into order and equipage to do the town's work." During the same year, probably after the mill had been put in good repair, it was determined by the vote of the town that Moses Ventres should tend "the corne mill," and grind only on Monday, Wednes- day, and Friday of each week.
A grant was afterward made-at what time is not defin- itely known, though it was probably not many years-to Joseph and Simon Smith and Benjamin Towner, to set up a saw mill on the brook where Ensign Moses Ven- tres had formerly erected a dam.
This grant was probably made in complement of a general offer which the town had made in 1706. That offer was to the effect that any one who would set up a saw mill on the stream upon which the corn mill already stood, should have liberty to cut from the common for- ests of the town, wherever they might choose, as much timber as they wanted to saw.
December 25th 1718, Gerard Spencer and others had a saw mill on Higganum River. The town granted them, at the above date, 16 rods wide from the saw mill to the highway, as long as they should keep the mill running. At this time Daniel Clark had a fulling mill on the com- mon highway on Mill Brook.
These examples are not given as an attempt to make a detailed history of the establishment or progress of these mills. They are the earliest of which anything is known, and the records of them show their importance in the eyes of the people at that time.
QUARRIES.
Various kinds of stone abound in this town, bat the mass of rock formation consists of a bluish granite or sandstone, varying in hardness, and a mixture of shaley substances too soft for any practical purpose. Some of these veins have been worked to a considerable extent.
The quarry on Haddam Neck began to be worked in 1762, and work in it was continued till the difficulties of 1812 restricted the movements of commerce.
About the year 1794, the quarry below the village of Haddam was opened. This quarry begins about 100 rods from the river, in a stratum of blue stone which stands nearly on its edge and runs in a direction nearly north and south, appearing on both sides of the river and extending in its course for many miles, even beyond the limits of the town. In the early years of the century 80 or 90 hands were frequently employed in these quarries. Half a mile south of this place Shaler's quarry was opened about 1810. But little has been done there of late. Stone from these quarries is used for building, curbing, and paving purposes. Prices in the early years of the century ranged from 10 to 14 cents a square foot for slabs two inches thick, and 17 to 21 cents for curbing four inches thick. Markets were found in the cities of this State and Rhode Island, and in Boston, New York, Albany, and Baltimore.
The quarries known as the Hazelton and the General Brainerd quarries are still being worked, though the forces are much smaller than formerly. The latter was purchased, July 19th 1884, by the Haddam Granite Com- pany of New York.
MANUFACTURES.
This industry has received but a moderate degree of attention. In recent years, however, a single locality, Higganum, has been rapidly growing by the increase of manufacturing. One of the earliest items in this line is the record that shows a grant as given to Thomas Brooks jr., December 14th 1725, to set up a shop and a trip hammer upon Wells' Brook. A scythe factory was in operation a few years in the early part of the century. It was located on Pine Brook. A gin distillery was set up in 1813, and about that time the manufacture of gun barrels was begun by Hezekiah Scovil, at Candlewood Hill. Usher's Mills stood one-fourth of a mile west from Higganum Landing. A clothier's ' works and carding ma- chine were here in 1814, the former fulling and dressing 4,500 yards of woolen cloth and dressing 1,000 yards of women's wear per annum, while the latter carded 3,000 pounds of wool. One spinning machine was connected with them. There were also in 1814, besides the above, one clothier's works, two carding machines, five grist mills, nine saw mills, seven tanneries, two cider distil- leries, and one brick > ard.
SHIPBUILDING.
Shipbuilding was begun in this town during the early years of the last century, though no considerable progress was made for many years, and at no time has the busi- ness been carried on as extensively as at some other points on the river. One of the earliest instances re- corded is the item that Nathaniel Tyler, in the summer of 1734, built a brig on the river at the foot of a lot be- longing to Joseph Arnold at the town center. About that time, or perhaps before, something was done in that line on the bank of the river west of Haddam Island. Still later the work was carried on in the lower part of the town. A sloop was built at Higganum in 1754, and from
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HADDAM-INDUSTRIES-TOWN OFFICERS
that time on for a century, the business was carried on there more or less.
In 1815 there were launched from yards in this town, four brigs aggregating 745 tons, and one schooner of IIO tons. The last vessel was built about twenty years ago.
COMMERCE.
This town began some participation in the West India trade about the middle of the last century. It was, how- ever, more extensively engaged in the coasting trade. There were, in 1814, belonging to Haddam, one ship, three brigs, five schooners, and three sloops, aggregating 1,597 tons. In the following year, Haddam owned one ship, 318gg tons; four brigs, 737§§ tons; three schooners, 288-§% tons; and five sloops, 3943 g tons.
In the early part of this century, the exportation of cord-wood from this town was an important item of in- dustry. Higganum Landing was the point most fre- quented in this business. From there, 2,000 cords were car- ried in 1807. Hickory then brought $5 to $6 a cord, while oak brought from $3 to $4. These prices, in view of · the comparative value of money at that time, were much higher than the prices obtained for wood in later years.
FISHERIES.
Fishing was doubtless pursued from the beginning of the settlement, but little was done for the market, outside of local needs, until about the year 1760. The river, and its tributary streams, at that time abounded with shad, salmon, and various other kinds of fish. Salmon, now so rare in all our rivers occupied by commerce, were so numerous in the stream that flows into the river from the east, and, forms the boundary between this town and East Haddam, as to give it a name. But this fish long ago became a stranger in these waters. The shad have held their place in these waters, and the shad fishing has continued to be an industry of much profit and importance. Dr. Field says: " These used to be consid- ered as hardly eatable;" but that erroneous impression had, even in his time, faded out from the popular mind. There were, in 1814, 16 or 17 places in this town where they were caught, and about 200,000 fish were annually taken here. The largest single draught at that time had been made in 1802, and numbered about 2,300 fish.
Neck. Chapman's Ferry was the oldest, and from the first had been held as private proverty. This connected Haddam and East Haddam, and had been established under a grant made in 1694. It had been abandoned for many years, when the East Haddam Ferry, between the same points was granted in 1811 to George Lord and Eber Rutty. A ferry between Higganum and the Neck, known as Higganum Ferry, was granted to Haddam town in May 1763. Haddam Ferry, plying between Haddam and the Neck, was granted to Calvin and Roswel Brainerd in 1814.
TOWN ELECTIONS AND OFFICERS.
The following is a copy of one of the earliest records of a town meeting for the election of officers. It bears date February 7th 1666:
"At a towen mettinge whear of it was a Greed-by the in habytantes that willam ventrous and John baly and George Gattes are choesen towens men to order the a ffears of the towen for the yeare insuing es may be for the bennifit of the towen.
" Also that Joseph Arnall and Richard Jones eare chosen seruaers for the yeare in suing.
"Also that James Welles and John henderson eare choesen fenes ueuer for the yeare in suing.
"Also that Abraham dybell is choesen by the towen to goee with a petichon to the General corte conserning the boundes and the Island."
Officers were at first chosen by vive voce vote in town meeting, but October 7th 1668 it was voted that towns- men and constable should be " chosen by papers." The number of officers was at first small. Three men "to manage town affaires," were annually chosen, and these, with the town measurers or surveyors, and a constable, and fence viewers, were the principal officers chosen for several years. Collectors of town and minister's rates were afterward added to the list, and still others, as oc- casion seemed to develop the necessity, were placed upon that list. The men "to manage town affaires" were afterward called townsmen, and still later selectmen, which title first appears in 1682.
Representatives .- The Representatives for the town of Haddam from 1670 to 1884, are given in chronolog- ical order below:
FERRIES. George Gates, 1670 M .- 1673 O., 1674 O .- 1677 M., 1678 M., 1678 O., 1679 O., 1680 M., 1681 M .- 1683 O., Several ferries, operating within the limits of this town or between it and East Haddain, were granted to the town or to individuals at an early date. One of these was established at an early period at a place called Brainerd's Wharf, where the road or highway leads east- ward by Cedar Hill. A grant was made for it from the Colonial Assembly to the people of Haddam. The rates to be charged were: for a man, horse and load, two pence; for a foot man, three farthings; for an ox or other neat cattle, three pence; and for a sheep, hog, or goat, one farthing. 1685 M., 1686 M., 1686 O., 1687 O .- 1689 O., 1690 O., 1691 M., 1694 O., 1698 M., 1699 M .- 1701 M., 1702 M .; Peter Blachford, 1670 M; James Bates, 1670 O., 1671 M., 1672 M .- 1673 M., 1674 M., 1684 M., 1684 O., 1685 O; John Gilbert, 1673 O; Richard Pyper, 1674 M; Jarrad Spencer, 1674 O .- 1677 M., 1678 M .- 1680 M., 1683 M., 1683 O; Josephi Arnold, 1689 M .- 1690 M., 1691 M., 1691 O; Daniel Brainerd, 1692 M .- 1693 O., 1695 M., 1695 O., 1696 O .- 1698 O., 1701 M .- 1706 M., 1710 M., 1711 O., 1712 O., 1715 O; John Chapman, 1696 M., 1697 O., 1698 O., 1701 O., 1703 O .- 1705 M., 1706 M., There were in 1814 four ferries, two between Haddam 1706 O; William Spencer, 1699 M .- 1700 O; Thomas and East Haddam, and two between Haddam and the | Gates, 1703 M., 1707 M., 1707 O., 1708 O .- 1709 0., 1711
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388
HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
M., 1712 M., 1715 M .; James Wells, 1706 O .- 1708 M., 1709 O .- 1711 M., 1712 M., 1712 O., 1713 O., 1714 M., 1723 O .- 1725 O .; Simon Smith, 1709 M., 1714 O; James Brainerd, 1711 O., 1726 M .- 1729 O., 1733 O., 1734 M., 1736 M., 1737 M; Hezekiah Brainerd, 1713 M., 1715 M .- 1723 M., 1736 O., 1737 O .- 1738 O., 1740 M., 1741 M., 1741 O., 1742 O .- 1744 O., 1745 O .- 1747 M., 1748 O .- 1753 M., 1754 O., 1755 M., 1756 M., 1757 M., 1758 M., 1759 M .- 1761 M., 1762 M .- 1764 M., 1765 M., 1766 M., 1767 O., 1768 O., 1769 M., 1770 M., 1770 O., 1771 O .- 1772 O., 1774 O., 1776 O., 1778 M., 1779 M., 1781 O., 1785 M., 1785 O; John Bouge, 1716 O; Caleb Cone, 1730 M., 1731 M., 1732 O., 1733 M., 1734 O., 1735 O., 1739 M., 1739 O., 1740 O; Gerrard Spencer, 1730 O., 1732 M; Jared Spencer, 1731 O; Isaac Spencer 1735 M; John Fisk, 1842 M; Thomas Brooks, 1742 O., 1743 M., Joseph Wells, 1745 M., 1751 O., 1754 M., 1755 O., 1758 O., 1761 O., 1764 O; Nathaniel Sutlief, 1747 O., 1748 M; Joseph Brainerd, 1753 O .; Abraham Brooks, 1756 O., 1757 O .; Thomas Selden, 1765 O., 1766 O., 1768 M., 1769 M., 1769 O., 1772 O., 1773 M .; Daniel Brainerd, 1767 M .; Jabez Brainerd, 1769 O., 1770 M., 1771 M .- 1772 M., 1773 O., 1774 M .; Joseph Brooks, 1770 O., 1771 M., 1773 M., 1774 O .- 1777 M., 1778 M., 1778 O., 1779 O., 1780 M .; John Brooks, 1773 O., 1774 M .; Jo- seph Smith, 1775 M., 1775 O .; Phineas Brainerd, 1776 M .; Ezra Brainerd, 1777 M., 1777 O., 1780 O., 1782 M., 1785 M .- 1787 M., 1788 O., 1790 M., 1791 O., 1792 O .- 1793 O., 1795 M., 1796 O., 1797 M., 1801 M., 1802 M., 1813 M .- 1816 O., 1818 O .; Nehemiah Brainerd, 1777 O., 1781 O., 1789 M., 1789 O., 1790 O .- 1792 M .; Cornelius Higgins, 1778 O., 1779 M., 1780 M .- 1781 M., 1782 M .- 1784 O., 1786 M .- 1787 M., 1792 O .- 1793 O. James Hazleton, 1779 O .; Josiah Brainerd, 1782, O .; Abraham Tyler, 1783 M .; Hezekiah Smith, 1783 O., 1794 M .; Oliver Wells, 1784 M .; Edmund Porter, 1784 O .; David Brainerd, 1787 O., 1788 O .- 1789 O., 1790 O., 1797 O., 1798 M .; Edward Selden, 1787 O., 1788 M., 1790 M., 1791 M., 1792 M., 1794 M .- 1796 M., 1797 O., 1804 M .- 1805 M .; Daniel Brainerd, 1794 O., 1795 O .- 1796 O., 1799 M .- 1802 M., 1806 O., 1807 M., 1809 M .; John May, 1797 M., 1798 M., 1798 O .; Oliver Wells, 1798 O., 1803 M., 1803 O .; Smith Clark, 1799 M .- 1800 O., 1801 O., 1803 M., 1803 O., 1827; Jonathan Smith, 1802 O .; David Spencer, 1802 O .; J. Huntington jr., 1804 M .- 1805 M .; David Hubbard, 1805 O .; Luther Boardman, 1805 O .- 1807 M .; Stephen Tibbals, 1806 M., 1810 O., 1817 M., r819 M .; Elijah Hubbard, 1807 O .; John Pratt, 1807 O .; Jonathan Huntington, 1808 M., 1808 O., 1809 O .- 1813 M .; Elias Selden, 1808 M., 1808 O .; Elesas Selden, 1809 M .- 1810 M .; Reuben R. Chapman, 1811 M .- 1812 M .; Ansel Brainerd, 1812 O .; Timothy Chapman, 1813 O .- 1814 O., 1816 M .; James K. Childs, 1815 M., 1815 O., 1816 O .; John Brainerd 2d, 1817 M., 1818 M .- 1820; Joseph Scovil, 1817 O., 1823; Simon Shaler, 1817 O., 1821, 1822, 1825, 1827, 1829, 1830, 1832, 1833, 1847; George W. Smith, 1818 M., 1820-22, 1826; Jonathan Usher, 1823; John Brainerd, 1824; Jared Arnold, 1824, 1828, 1831; Ely
Warner, 1825, 1831; Charles Arnold, 1826, 1828-30, 1832-34, 1841; Nehemiah Dickinson, 1834, 1835, 1838; Lyman E. Burr, 1835, 1836; Warren Tyler, 1836, 1837; Gideon Brainerd, 1837, 1838; Samuel Arnold 2d, 1839, 1842, 1851; Russell Shaler 2d, 1839, 1840; Ephraim Pierson, 1840, 1841, 1849, i862; Diodate Brainerd, 1842, 1843; Ansel Spencer, 1843, 1848; Samuel Arnold, 1844; William B. Dickinson, 1844, 1875, 1876; Hezekiah Sco- vill, 1845, 1847, 1857, 1861, 1869; Daniel M. Tyler, 1845; Isaac Arnold, 1846, 1860, 1863, 1874-76; Henry M. Brainerd, 1846; Harvey E. Brainerd, 1848, 1849; Russell Shaler, 1850, 1860; Coleman Clark, 1850; Joseph R. Shaler, 1851; Asa Shaler, 1852, 1754; Jonathan Ar- nold, 1852; Charles Russell, 1853; D. P. Lane, 1853; Philander Burr, 1854; Smith Ventres, 1855; James S. Selden, 1855; Warren S. Williams, 1856; George S. Clarke, 1856, 1862; David Church, 1857, 1858; Jared H. Shaler, 1858, 1859; Orrin Shaler, 1859, 1882, 1883; Chauncey Arnold, 1861; Charles S. Russell, 1863; George L. Dickinson, 1864; Stephen H. Burr, 1864; Noah Burr, 1865, 1866; William J. Smith, 1865, 1866; Daniel Sco- ville, 1867, 1873; Charles A. T. Dickinson, 1867, 1868; . Warren Taylor, 1868, 1871; James C. Walkley, 1869: Henry H. Clark, 1870; W. K. Smith, 1870; George W. Arnold, 1871; Jonathan W. Clark, 1872; Leroy A. Smith, 1872, 1879; Alpheus W. Tyler, 1873, 1874; James W. Cone, 1877, 1878; Ephraim P. Arnold, 1877, 1879; William F. Brainerd, 1878; Giles Taylor, 1880; Francis A. House, 1880, 1881; John Russell, 1881; Henry H. Brainerd, 1882, 1884; Clinton B. Davis, 1883, 1884.
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