The history and genealogies of ancient Windsor, Connecticut, Vol. I, Part 54

Author: Stiles, Henry Reed, 1832-1909
Publication date: 1891
Publisher: Hartford, Conn., Press of the Case, Lockwood & Brainard company
Number of Pages: 1038


USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > Windsor > The history and genealogies of ancient Windsor, Connecticut, Vol. I > Part 54


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WINDSOR, AS REPRESENTED IN THE BENCH AND BAR OF CONNECTICUT.1


The GENERAL COURT, the first in the colony, consisted of eight gentlemen com- missioned by the General Court of Massachusetts, March, 1635-6, "to govern the peo- ple at Connecticut for the space of a year next ensuing." Two were from Windsor, viz. : ROGER LUDLOW, first-named in the commission, and therefore presiding judge : and, virtually Governor of the new Colony, and WILLIAM PHELPS. This court was legisla- tive, judicial, and executive in its character.


The PARTICULAR COURT, the highest strictly judicial body in the colony, existed from 1638 until 1665, and consisted of two branches-the first composed of magis- trates elected by the " freemen" at large, and presided over by the Governor, or Deputy-Governor; the other branch consisted of deputies sent by the several towns. Its sessions were held at Hartford, and of the thirty-five who, at one time or another, occu- pied its bench, the following Magistratex were From Windsor :


Allyn, Matthew, 1658-62.2 Clarke, Daniel, 1659-60. Clarke, Henry, 1650-56, 59-62.2 Ludlow, Roger, 1639-4. Mason, John, 1642-62.2 Phelps, William, 1639-43, 56-62.“ Wolcot, Henry, 1643-56.


1 Indebtedness acknowledged to Sherman W. Adams, Esq., of Hartford - in Memorial Hist. Hartford County. Tu this list we have necessarily included citizens of Faxt Windsor.


" Until superseded by the charter.


1


451


WINDSOR'S JUDGES AND LAWYERS.


The Cornr of AssisTANTS, consisting of at least seven members sitting at a ses- sion, chosen from the assistants in the General Court, was established in 1665; its jurisdic- tion extended to higher matters than those in the jurisdiction of its predecessor, the Particular Court. Of the fifty who served on its bench the following were from Windsor :


Allyn, Matthew, 2d. 1710-34. Clarke, Daniel, 1662-64, 66-68.3 Clarke, Henry, 1662 October, 62.3


Ellsworth, Oliver, 1780-85. 1802-08. Newberry, Benjamin, 1685-90.


Newberry, Roger, 1790 1809.


Wolcott, Erastus, 1786-90, East Windsor.


Wolcott, Henry, 1662-81.8 Wolcott, Roger, 1714-18, 20-42.


Wolcott, Roger, Jr., 1754-60.


At the COURT OF SESSIONs at Hartford, 1687 8, during the Audrox Gorerument, among the justices present was Benjamin Newbery of Windsor, and the following Windsor men were on the Grand Jury : John Bissell, John Moore, Return Strong, and Nathaniel Loomis of Windsor.


The SUPERIOR COURT OF THE COLONY, established 1711 (colonial to 1776; State to 1798; since then a County Court) ; after 1819 it became a single-judge court :


Governor Roger Wolcott of Windsor was a chief judge of this court.


Governor William Wolcott Ellsworth of Windsor and Hartford.


SUPREME COURT OF ERRORS, constituted 1784-1806 :


Governor Oliver Wolcott, Jr., East Windsor and Litchfield, chief judge, 1787-1796.


Governor Oliver Ellsworth, Windsor, 1785-89.


General Erastus Wolcott, 1789-92.


General Roger Newberry, Windsor.


Governor William Wolcott Ellsworth of Windsor and Hartford, associate judge, 1847-61.


PROSECUTING OFFICERS :


(King's Attorney) John Bissell of Windsor, 1227.


Peletialı Mills of Windsor, 1728.


.. Roger Wolcott, Jr., of Windsor, 1731 -1753.


(State's Attorney) Oliver Ellsworth of Windsor, 1777.


LAWYERS from Windsor :


Governor Roger Wolcott, Sr . admitted to the bar, 1708; the first regularly admit ted in the township.


Samuel Moore of Windsor, 1709.


Captain Thomas Stoughton. (East) Windsor, 1714.


John Bissell of Windsor (later of Bolton), 1714.


Peletiah Mills of Windsor, 1719 (principal inn-keeper of Windsor).


Roger Wolcott, Jr .. of Windsor, 1230; appointed under a law limiting the number of attorneys in the Colony to eleven, three being appointed to Hartford county. Bildad Phelps, Windsor. 1760.


Roswell Welles of Windsor, 1764.


General Roger Newberry, Jr., of Windsor, 1765.


Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth of Windsor, 1777.


Alexander Wolcott. Jr., of Windsor, 1781.


3 Named in the charter. See Connecticut Legislative Manuel.


452


HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.


In 1783 the present BAR ASSOCIATION of Hartford county was established. The following Windsor names appear on its roll :


Oliver Ellsworth.


Roger Newberry.


Ilezekiah Bissell.


Gaylord Griswold of Windsor, admitted to bar, 1790; removed to New York about 1793; was a representative to U. S. Congress.


In the Connecticut Register List of " Practicing Attorneys " of Hartford County (numbering, at that time, only 17) appear the names of :


1789. Roger Newberry of Windsor. Alexander Wolcott of Windsor.


1793-1802. Hezekiah Bissell, Jr, judge of County Court, from Windsor and Hartford.


1797-1829. John Sargent, practiced at Windsor.


1800-1813.


David Bissell, Jr., East Windsor and Hartford.


Samuel Woodruff. Jr., removed from Granby (where he had been Judge of County Court) to Windsor about 1827, and practiced there about three years.


1804-1807. Roger Newbery, 3d, at Windsor.


1805-1816 Samnel Putnam Waklo, practiced at East Windsor; was the author of several volumes, including a Life of President JJackson, the Tour of President Monroe through U. S .; compiler of Robbins' Journal.


1805-1840. Grove Griswold, at Granby and Windsor.


1805-1825.


Joseph H. Russell, at Windsor.


1808-1816.


Sherman Everest, Canton and East Windsor.


1809-1821.


Godfrey Scarborough, at Suffield and East Windsor.


1811-1813. Gny Gaylord, at East Windsor, and, with him,


1811-1813 Charles Reynolds, at East Windsor.


1812-13. Thomas S. Sill (of Windsor), at Hartford ; rem, to Erie, Pa., and rep. that district in U. S. Congress.


1814-15. Sidney A. Grant, at East Windsor.


1


1814-36. Ilenry Leavitt Ellsworth, at Windsor.


1815 -. John Milton Niles, at Sutliekl and Hartford; born in Windsor.


1816-1818. Algernon S. Grant, at East Windsor.


1816-1817. Ebenezer Lane, at East Windsor.


1820, or earlier, and for about 5 years later. John Watson, 3d. at East Windsor.


1823-45. llorace Il. Sill, at Windsor.


1825-73. William Barnes, at Warehouse Point, East Windsor.


1826-28. William 11. Perkins, at Windsor.


1827-31. Selah B. Treat, at East Windsor; became a clergyman and secretary of the A. B. C. F. M., and a contributor to periodicals.


1827-31. Thomas R. Holt, at Windsor.


1830-78. Erastus Smith, first at Windsor, then at Hartford; in early life a teacher; noted for his wit and inattention to personal appearance; often held court as U. S. Commissioner; died 1878.


1833-38. Richard G. Drake, at Windsor; after 1839 associated with Charles Chap- man, Esq., of Hartford.


1834-35. Ilenry R. Buckland, at Windsor.


-1859. George Griswold Sill, ex Lieutenant-Governor.


Albert W. Drake. See Drake Genealogy.


1 1822-1824. Apollos D. Bates, at Windsor.


453


WINDSOR'S PHYSICIANS.


Windsor Physicians. - DR. BRAY' ROSSETER was the first physician of Windsor. Ilis father, Mr. Edward Rosseter, who is described as - a godly man of good estate,"? belonging to an excellent family in the west of England, was one of the Assistants of the Massachusetts Colony, and a chief promoter and member of the Dorchester Company, which came in the Mary and John. But the life of honor and usefulness which seemed opening to him in this trans-atlantic sphere was cut short by death, which came to him at Dorchester October 23, 1630.


Doctor Bray Rosseter, his son, was one of the principal men among those gentlemen who commenced the settlement of Windsor in 1636. Ile was a well-educated gentleman, and had probably been trained in the best schools in England. Shortly after his arrival he was admitted to practice by the General Court of Connecticut, "being first tried and approved by [ Rev. ] Mr. Hooker. [Rov. ] Mr. Stone, and old Mr. Smith, of Wethersfield, in the face of the said Court." ' He served in Windsor as Magistrate, and as Town Clerk, which office he held until 1652. About this time he received a very pressing invitation from Mr. Leete and other principal inhabitants of Guilford to settle there as a physician. Ile accordingly removed thither and purchased the property of Mr. Sammel Desbonrough, who was abont returning to England. "At a General Court, October 10, 1651," say the Guilford Records, " Mr. Rosseter [was ] admitted and appraised a planter here upon the purchase of Mr. Desbonrough's accommodations :" and in June following " Mr. Rosseter for his own person was freed from watching, living here as a physician in practice." In Jan., 1655-6, the town of Hartford granted €10 towards [the Rev. ] Mr. Stone's charge of Phissick which he hath taken of Mr. Rosseter." The next year Mr. Stone gave as one reason of his proposed removal from Hartford that " we have no Physician at Hartford or near at hand," etc. We find him, the next year, engaged as Town Surveyor, an office which he had also filled to a considerable extent while at Windsor. "At a General Court, held the 3d day of the 1st month [April] 1653: Mr. Rosseter hath agreed, and undertaken forth- with, to survey and stake out the whole of every man's particular pro- portion sufficiently, for the sum of $5, all men's land to be laid out in two parts." During the difficulties in the church at Guilford, which followed Rev. Mr. Higginson's departure. Dr. Rosseter removed to Kil- lingworth: but when peace was restored by the settlement of the Rev. Joseph Elliot in 1664, he returned to Guilford, and resided there until his decease, in Sept. 30, 1672. (See Genealogiex.)


1 Or Bryan. There seems to be equal authority for both names.


" Dudley's letter to Countess of Lincoln.


3 Extract from his own letter to the Governor, daled Guilford. June 28, 1669. It was customary in those early days for the medical examining committee to be composed wholly, or in part. of clergymen, who were always more or less skilled in medical lore.


4.54


HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.


The first post-mortem examination made in the Colony of Connecti- gut was made by Dr. Rosseter, at that time a resident of Guilford. March 11, 1662-3, the " Court allows unto Mr. Rosseter, twenty pounds, in reference to opening Kellie's child :' and his pains to visit the Dep. Governor, and his pains in visiting and administering to Mr. Talcot. Of this twenty pounds. he hath already received 11/ 1x 47. Hle is to make no further demands of any particular persons."


For some time after Dr. Rosseter's removal to Guilford there seems not to have been any physician at Windsor. They, as well as their sis- ter towns upon the river, had to depend upon Dr. Lord. who resided at Hartford, and whose fees were regulated by a session of the General Court in Hartford, the 20th of June, 1652, as follows: " Thomas Lord, having engaged to this Court to continue his abode in Hartford. for the next ensuing year, and to improve his best skill amongst the inhabitants of the town upon the river within this jurisdiction, both for setting of bones and otherwise, as at all times, occasions, and necessities may or shall require; this Court doth grant that he shall be paid by the country the sum of fifteen pounds for the said onsning year, and they do declare that for every visit or journey that he shall take or make, being sent for to any houses in Hartford, twelve pence is reasonable: to any house in Windsor, five shillings; to any house in Weathersfield, three shillings : to any house in Farmington. six shillings: to any house in Mattabeseek [ Middletown ], eight shillings, (he having promised that he will require no more); and that he shall be freed for the time aforesaid from watch- ing, warding, and training: but not from finding arms, according to law."" Dr. Lord died in Wethersfield in 1662.


In October, 1654, one Daniel Porter was "allowed and paid out of the public treasury," the salary of six pounds per year, with - six shil- lings to each town upon the river, to exercise his art of surgery." This encouragement was continued to him the following year. Also as late as 1661-2. In 1674, one ROBERT HOWARD. of Windsor, is mentioned as a physician. The period of his practice extended from almt the year 1660 to the time of his death in 1684. He was not educated a physician, but was early a millwright. In his inventory are to be found medical books, surgical instruments, etc. Howe's Chirurgery was of the number.


" This may possibly have been some date mortem surgical operation; " but," says Dr. W. A. M Wainwright, of Hartford, in the Hartford Co. Memorial, " if it was post-mor- tem, as is most probable, it was the first autopsy made in New England of which any record has been found, antedating by a dozen years the one made in Boston in 1674, an account of which is given by Dr. Green in his " History of Medicine in Massachusetts," and said by him to have been " one of the earliest recorded instances of a post-mortem examination to be found in New England."


= Col. Rec .. i. 231.


3 Col. Rer .. i. 279.


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455


WINDSOR'S PHYSICIANS.


As will be seen by the records, different cases of surgery were often sent off (at town expense) up to Hadley, Hatfield, and other towns in Massa- chusetts, to be placed under the care of famous physicians who resided there. Among the Wolcott Papers in the Library of the Connecticut Historical Society we find the following letter addressed :


" For His much Respected Friend. Mr. Henry Wolcott, at His House In Windsor.


" Respected S


" My service being presented to you and to y" Rest of my Masters; these may acquaint you that I have, through God's blessing, performed a cure upon Godman Denslow's lad, though with a good deal of difficulty, care, and trouble; it Remains therefore on your part to perform what you have Ingaged; his Diet and dressing at 4 shillings per week, amounts to ten pounds, six shillings. What I have expended in medicines and otherwise, of which I shall give you a true account, amounts to twenty- seven pounds. 1 desire you to take some effectual course that I may be paid; for I can truly affirm that I am at least Indamaged ten pounds by yr lad, though I should not tas I hope I shall not), meet with ditheulty in getting what is my due: 1 purpose to see you ye next week, and if it may be, I desire that my pay may be ready against I come down. I have not at present to add but that I am


Your Friend & Servant, THOMAS HASTINGS. "


Hatfield, Decembr ye 11th, 1685.


June 5, 1702. £12 were paid to Doctor Jacob Reed [of Simsbury ] and Obediah Hosford for the care of Mary Gaylord. - Town Records.


DOCTOR SAMUEL MATHER, the son of the Rev. Samuel Mather, was born at Branford in 1677. graduated at Harvard College in 1698. at the age of 21, and was licensed to practice medicine by the General Assem- bly in 1702. This license is as follows:


[L. s.] Conn'. ss.


"At a General Assembly Holden at Hartford, May 14. 1;02, upon the recommenda- tion of the Rev. Mr. Samuel Mather, Doctor Thomas Hooker and Mr. John Fisk this Assembly doth license Mr. Samuel Mather, Jr., of the town of Windsor, to be a Practi tioner of Physick and Chyrurgy, in this Colonie "


" In testimony that the above written is a true copy, I have caused the seal of his Majestic's Colonie to be hereunto assigned and subscribed.


ELEAZER KIMBERLY, Sery."


After a life of professional usefulness, during which he held various civil and military offices of trust and honor, he died Feb. 6, 1745. in the Bsth year of his age. He was the father of Mr. Nathaniel Mather, of Windsor ( who lived upon " the Island "), who was the father of Elijah Mather, and also of Col. Oliver Mather, late of Windsor.


DOCTOR ALEXANDER WOLCOTT. the som of Governor Roger, and great-grandson of Mr. Henry Wolcott, the Emigrant, was born in East (now South ) Windsor, January 7, 1712. He graduated at Yale College


456


HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.


in 1731, and shortly after became a student of medicine at the office of Dr. Norman Morrison, then a distinguished practitioner in Hartford. llere the same talent and energy which had rendered him, at college, distinguished for his classical attainments - enabled him to grasp the great principles and explore the mysteries of the healing art with more than usual rapidity and success. Having finished his course of medical study, Dr. Wolcott (about 1740) commenced practice in his native town, and soon attained a distinguished rank in his profession. Ile served with ability as surgeon at the capture of Louisburg, in 1745, and in 1776 he was, by appointment of the Assembly, placed at the head of the Exam- ining Committee for Surgeons and Surgeons's Mates in the Continental Army. The records of Windsor during the revolutionary struggle show that Dr. Alexander Wolcott was a firm friend to the cause of America, and always active, both in private and in public, to promote its success. He represented the town in the General Assembly many times, begin- ning in 1757. In 1795 he died, full of years and honors. He was thrice married, and had thirteen children, two of whom were physicians. Dr. CHRISTOPHER, Jr., succeeded his father at Windsor; and Dr. SIMON WOLCOTT removed to New London, and, in 1792, was one of the founders of the Connecticut Medical Society.


Dr. Wolcott's residence in Windsor is now occupied by the widow of the late Sidney Bowers.


" llis library," says the late Dr. Sumner, in an address before the State Medieal Society, "was large and well-selected, and its array of folios, mostly in Latin, which would make a student, of this day, shud- der with apprehension. Yet in such form were the works of Bonetus, Senertus, and Morgagni, while in less ponderous shape, but in the same language, were found the first edition of the great work of Sydenham; and Dr. Wolcott was in the practice of reading these ponderous tomes of Latin and Greek, though one of the sons, to whom they devolved, looked upon them as excellent waste paper, and as such employed them."


Fortunately, however, a remnant of this splendid library was saved, and, falling into the hands of Dr. Sumner, whom we have just quoted, was by him presented to Trinity College at Hartford. There this unique collection of some 200 volumes, many of them bearing the (Latin) anno- tations of Dr. Wolcott, is carefully preserved, and is easily accessible to the enrious, and more knowing, but less learned medical men of this generation.


DOCTOR ELHIU TUDOR,' son of the Rev. Samuel and great grandson


1 In his commission as Surgeon's Mate, in the 43d Regiment of Foot, dated in Sep tember, 1763, his name was by some mistake written Edward Tudor. As he had always disliked his name of Elihu, he ever afterward wrote and drew his pension under the name of Edward.


1


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1


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457


WINDSOR'S PHYSICIANS.


of Owen Tudor, a first settler of Windsor, was born in that town Febru- ary 3, 1732. He graduated from Yale College, where he was esteemed an excellent Greek scholar, in 1750, and studied medicine under the then famous Dr. Benjamin Gale, of Killingworth. He entered the army service during the French war, probably in August, 1759, as Surgeon's Mate, with the rank of a 2d lieutenant. - Barber's Hist. Col. Conn .. p. 54. In this capacity he served with Gen. Wolfe in Canada, and at the capture of Havana. From 1762-1764 he seems to have lived in London. engaged in the hospitals and the active pursuit of his professional studies. Returning then to his native land, with a mind rielly stored by research and observation, he established himself in practice at (East ) Windsor. His first introduction to surgical practice, as we have been told, was on the occasion of the accidental blowing up of the Hartford school-house. on the 8th of June, 1766, on the day of rejoicing for the Repeal of the Stamp Act. The skill displayed by him in treating the sufferers by this deplorable accident gave him an excellent start. In the following year we find in the Connecticut Courant, under date of June 15, 1767, the fol- lowing advertisement :


"Dortor TUDOR, Lately from LONDON, Begs Leave to acquaint the Publiek, that. le sets out the 22d Instant, to visit the Mineral Springs at Stafford, in Connecticut, where he will be ready to give his Advice to those that choose to consult him in drink- ing the Waters."


Upon the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, Doctor Tudor, who was a pensioner of the British government, and favorable to the royal cause,' fell under the suspicion of his neighbors at (East ) Windsor. His popularity declined, and his practice, which was chiefly surgical, was, in his later days, not very extensive.


Ilis reputation as a surgeon was at one time equal, if not superior, to any in New England. In person he was of medium height and upright form, near-sighted, always very neat in his dress, wearing ruffles, fine silver buckles, and a nosegay in his button-hole. He died in 1826, at the advanced age of 93." 2


Previous to his death, in 1790, he received from Dartmouth College the degree of Doctor of Medicine, which in that day was a compliment and honor which can scarcely be appreciated in these days of indiscrim-


' It is related that he used to have two for-pots, one of which was filled with surge-ten, the other with real tea, which could be used according to the company he had at his table ..


"It is said that the British Government, thinking the doctor was stretching out his life to an unconscionable long length, actually sent an agent over to see as to the facts of the case. It is a remarkable fact that very many of the pensioners of England lived to such an advanced age as to induce suspicions on the part of the Home Government that there was some trickery in the matter.


VOL. I .- 58


458


HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.


inate diploma-giving. He was one of the founders and second Vice- President of the Connecticut Medical Society.


" DOCTOR" PRIMUS was originally a slave, belonging to Doctor Alexander Woleott, to whom he acted as escort and body-guard in his visits to his numerous patients, and as an assistant in the preparation of medicines for the sick. "In this Primus and his master lived on for years, till it occurred to the latter that the old negro should be released from bondage. " Primus Manumit," as he afterwards wrote his name, was free, but he did not waste months in doubts respecting his future course. He immediately removed to East Windsor, and was at once recognized as a doctor, and as such frequently employed. On one occasion he was requested to visit a sick child at Poquonock (in West Windsor ). Primus obeyed the summons. On his way home he rapped at the door of his old master, who came out to inquire what was wanted. " Nothing particular, master; I called to say that I was sent for to see a child of our old neighbor: found it to be a very simple case, and said to the mother it was not necessary to send so far for a doctor, for you would have done just as well as any one else." - Dr. Sumner's Address.


The following " return of flour, grain, and meal " made by him to the Selectmen of East Windsor, during the Revolutionary War, accord- ing to a Public Act of the Assembly, shows that " Doctor " Primus had not only picked up some of his old master's knowledge of physic, but also some of the Latin terms used in his written prescriptions :


Sir in obedence to your Directions 1 Present to your honer | the account of the Neseseres of Life 1 am Now in | Possing of I have the flour that Come out | of two Bushels of Wheat and a Bushel and | half of wheat half a Bushel Promis to doct (?)- Rockwell one Bushel of Ry Promis to-drake | tive Bushel of Corn Promis to Capt Aaron Bissell : totum est :


dated East windsor July 1 : 1780


Quantum : Sufficet :


Primus manumit


Dr. Primus lived in a small cabin on the west side of the street, at the top of the hill north of Stoughton's brook, in the present town of South Windsor. He was a large, good-looking man, quite gentlemanly, and had considerable practice.


DOCTOR TIMOTHY MATHER died April 5, 1788, aged 34 years ; of whom it is well said that " his life was a relief to the distressed."


DOCTOR CHARLES MATHER, the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Allyn) Mather, graduated at Yale College, 1763. Ile lived in East (now South ) Windsor, in the house which Dr. Elijah F. Reed afterwards occupied. About 1795, Dr. M. moved to Hartford. He was esteemed an excellent physician, especially in female complaints. Ife was noted for his long visits, never in a hurry, staid a long time after he got up to


! 1


459


WINDSOR'S PHYSICIANS.


go. IFe died in 1822. ITis oldest son, Charles, who graduated at Yale, 1783, was also a physician in the city of New York.


DOCTOR CHRISTOPHER WOLCOTT, familiarly called " Dr. Kit." was the son of Dr. Alexander Wolcott (already noticed ); was an intelligent, though somewhat eccentric man, whose long and well-spent life in Wind- sor contributed his full share to confer Istre upon a name which has been distinguished in more than one profession. He was one of the founders of the Hartford County Medieal Society.


In Windsor, also, the DOCTORS CHAFFEE, father and son, practiced with good reputation. And here the father, Dr. HEZEKIAH CHAFFEE, died in 1819, aged 88 years.


Here, likewise, Dr. ABEL SIMMONS, a native of Ashford, in this State, and a physician of much promise, found an early grave in 1818.


Here, also, the DOCTORS SILL, the father, Dr. ELISHA N., and the son, Dr. THEODORE SILL, were both located. In the premature death of the son the profession and the community cach suffered heavily.




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