USA > Georgia > Georgia's landmarks, memorials and legends, Volume II > Part 21
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GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
the oldest record extant, it will prove of interest not only to Masons but to readers in general, for some of the members of this pioneer Lodge were among the most prominent of the colonists. Take for example, this page:
1756 N. Jones
in Geo. 173-
Daniel Nunes
do
do
John Farmur
M. M. Moses Nunes
in. Geo. 1733/4
Charles Pryce
Sir P. Houstoun
William Spencer
James Boddie
Gray Elliott
Thomas Blake
Thomas Burrington
(in Geoa. Aug. 26:1736 F. C.
John Menzies
(In Geoa. Aug. 26: 1756 F. C. do July 10 1771 M. A.
Noble Wimberly Jones
(in Geoa. Aug. 5:1756 E. P. do Jan. 19:1757 F. C. Nov. 1756 E. P.
Samuel Gandy
(do.
Jan. 19:1757 F. C.
F. C. James Habersham
(do Augt
5:1756 E. P.
do Jan.
19:1757 F. C.
do Jan.
19:1757 F. C.
Charles Watson
(do Augt.
26:1756 E. P.
do Jan.
19:1757 F. C.
Thomas Vincent
(do Aug.
26:1756 E. P.
do Jan.
19:1757 F. C.
Francis Goffe.
(do Nov.
1756 E. P.
do Jan.
1756 F. C. .
James Edward Powell
(Do Nov. do Jan.
19:1757 F. C.
Daniel Demetre Tava. Decr. 3: 1756
James Paris. . in Geo. at Augusta.
Benjamin Goldwire. do at
Nov. 1756.
John Morel. do
at Augusta.
Joseph Pruniers
do
do
Matthieu Thomas.
do
27
E. P. Thomas Mathers.
do
Febry 22: 1757.
Telemon Phenix.
do
Mar. 1: -
John Graham ..
do
do
Abraham Sarzedas
do
Isaac Martin.
do
do
1756 E. P.
Edward Bernard.
do
in Geo. Oct. 9:1734 E. D. do. . . 1735 M. M.
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GEORGIA'S EARLY MASONIC HISTORY
William Wright
do May
Henry Lane.
do
do
James Graham
do
George Baillie
do
John Perkins. do
Let us examine this list somewhat in detail. Judge Noble Jones, who seems to have been the Master of the Lodge, was for years Colonial Justice and Treasurer for Georgia. He came with Oglethorpe to America in 1733 and established his home at Wormsloe, on the Isle of Hope, an estate today owned by one of his descend- ants : Mr. W. J. DeRenne. Sir Patrick Houstoun, a bar- onet, was at one time President of the King's Council. He was also Registrar of Grants and Receiver of Quit Claims for the Province of Georgia. James Habersham, in association with the renowned Whitefield, founded Bethesda, the oldest orphan asylum in the New World. He was also at one time President of the King's Council and, in the absence of Gov. Wright, performed the duties of chief-magistrate. John Graham, at the outbreak of the Revolution, was Lieutenant-Governor of the Province. Daniel and Moses Nunes belonged to an old pioneer fam- ily of Jewish immigrants. Thomas Barrington (incor- rectly spelled Burrington) was the founder of the fa- mous Barrington family of this State. Fort Barrington, on the Altamaha River, was probably named for this pioneer. Noble Wymberly Jones was a zealous patriot, afterwards deposed by the King from his office as speaker of the House of Assembly because of his violent Whig sentiments. He was subsequently sent by his compa- triots of Savannah to the Continental Congress. Most of the by-laws governing this parent Lodge have been lost, but fragments, beginning with Article Eight, read as follows :
Sthly.
That every member shall pay a Quartr's Lodge Money when ye Quarter commences, & ye Money to be paid for every Quarterly Feast shall be paid ye Lodge Night before such Feast. And all savings to any Member by his being absent any Lodge Night shall be allowed him at ye Comencement of ye next Quarter towards ye defraying his said next Quaterly Expences.
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GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
9thly.
That any Person desiring to be admitted a Brother shall deliver a Petition to ye Secretary wch shall be by him laid before ye next Lodge If ye Petition be approved of, it shall remain with ye Secretary till ye next Lodge after, when ye Candidate shall be ballotted for, by each Member's putting into a Hat or Box, a black or white Bean and if all prove white, the Candidate is duly elected, but if any member should have thought proper to have put in a black Bean, the Candidate shall not be admitted at that Time, tho' he may be proposed at another Time when any Prejudice may be removed.
10thly.
No Person shall be made a Bror on a public Lodge Night, but any Person after being duly elected shall be made (a Bror) at any other convenient Time & when the Master thinks proper. 11thly.
That every Person admitted a Bror shall (mutilated) one Pound & one Shilling to be deposited for (rent.) uses, Ten Shillings to ye Stock and five Shil (mutilated) the Tyler, and shall decently cloath every (mutilated) present with a white Apron, and a pair of white Gloves and shall also give a Pair of White Gloves to every Brors wife, and shall like- wise give the Lodge a decent Collation.
12thly.
That no Brother unless he is made in this Lodge be admitted a Mem- ber thereof untill he has applyed properly as before directed, and if he is approved of by two thirds of the Members present, he may then be admitted, paying 5 Shillings for charitable Uses and 5 Shils, to ye PUBLICK STOCK. 13thly.
Every visiting Bror present at any meeting of ye Lodge shall pay the same Sum as every Member payd towards defraying ye Expences of such Meeting.
Approved of and Signed the 19th of Augt. 1756. by
On another page of this Minute-Book, the Master of the Lodge speaks of the distance at which he lives from Savannah. At the same time he takes occasion to rap some of the members whose homes were in town. But we will let the. Minute-Book speak for itself. This para- graph purports to give the Master's exact words. It reads :
The Master, living in ye Country at a great distance from ye Lodge, it sometimes happens that by reason of bad Weather, Sickness or other
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GEORGIA'S EARLY MASONIC HISTORY
unavoidable Business, he can't attend, & being inform'd that whn. it so happens as aforesd. several Members who live near, & have no excuse, but their own imagining yt in ys Mars absence, no sort of Business can be done witht his pticular License for so doin, by wch sev. stated Lodge Nights have passed, witht, any meeting. For pventg. the like invonvenincies for ye future, the Master desires & it is agreed, that a Lodge shall be held att every statd. tim agrceable to ye Bye Laws by as many Members as can be convened together, ye next officer or oldest Member yr present taking ye chair & ca. and yt all such business, that yt Numbr. of Masons are entituled to do, by ye Constitutions of Masonry, & ye Bye Laws of ye pticular Lodge, may be by ym pformed.
One of the most interesting records preserved by this Minute-Book tells of the preparations made by the Lodge for paying a formal visit to Governor Ellis, at his Hon- or's residence in Savannah. The account runs as follows : 5757
At a particular Meeting of the Lodge agreeable to last Nights reso- lution, to wait on his Honour, Governor Ellis with our Address, wch after having order'd yt 3 times 3 Guns' to be fired during ye Procession, vizt. 3 at leaving Lodge, 3 at entering ye Governors, & 3 at ent 'ring the Lodge again (at ye return) & desiring Bror (Capt) Boddie to let his Men fire said Guns on board his Vessel & having order'd & settled some other matters, &ca. proceeded in ye following manner, vizt.
(Capt) Isaac Martin (youngest Bror.) with ye Sword.
(in absence of ye Tyler)
Brors. N. W. Jones & Jas. Habersham (as Stewards) with wants
Jno Groham & Abrm. Sarzedas
Tho. Mathars & Telemn. Phenix
Tho Vincent & Benj. Goldwire
Charles Watson & Nicholas Lawrence
Jas. Boddie & Jno. Menzies
60 Sir Pat. Houstonn & Wm. Spencer.
D. Nunes Jno. Farmur (ye wardens)
N. Jones (ye Master)
When come to ye Govrs. ye Bhrethren stopping, open'd & the M. walked thro' ye Centre, ye Wardens following the Brethren following in order from ye Seniors, when came in; ye Master.
Since reference is made in this Minute-Book to the existence of a Lodge in Augusta prior to 1757, it will be of interest in this connection to take a glance at the minutes kept by the trustees of Richmond Academy .*
*Trustees of Richmond Academy, Augusta, Ga .: Their Work During the Eighteenth Century in the Management of a School, a Town, and a Church, DD. 40-41.
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GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
There are certain entries in which local Masonic history is reflected. For instance, on April 1, 1790, it was re- solved "that the Garret room of the Academy be arched and painted and another window put in each end; and that the Society of Free Masons be permitted to use it, provided they pay one-half of the expense." On Oc- tober 5, 1791, "the old Academy was devoted to the ex- clusive use of the Masonic Lodge Columbia for four years at 5 pounds per annum."
Our apology for preserving these records is the im- portance which must necessarily attach to them as per- haps the oldest well-authenticated fragments in existence, showing the activities of the Masonic order in Georgia during pioneer days.
CHAPTER XXXIV
Mrs. Wilson Comes Home
A LL Rome was there to meet her. With the earliest glimmer of dawn the little city of the hills began to stir-but softly, like the tread of gentle snow- flakes. Long before the sun was up, every road was thronged with travelers from the neighboring farms and hamlets, while every train brought its burden of souls from the remoter towns and cities. It was a day to be remembered by the youngest child when an aged man or woman, a day whose significance made it a rare for- get-me-not in the year's calendar of events. But, in- stead of the emblems of rejoicing, the symbols of grief , were displayed on every hand. Men spoke in whispers. The eyes of women were suffused with tears, and even the faces of little children were sad. No sound of hammer or anvil smote the air. Shops were closed. The great wheels of industry were stilled, and over all there brooded a deep and solemn hush. It was Mrs. Wilson's home-coming; and this vast assemblage of friends was here to welcome in silence a returning daughter of Geor- gia, one whose name was upon a nation's lips: the be- loved First Lady of the Land.
But how vastly different this scene of sorrow from the gladsome festival to which the little city of the hills looked forward in the summer's earlier glow! The first week in October was to have been a gala week in Rome- one long to be remembered for its brilliant social gaieties. Mrs. Wilson, in a letter from the White House, had
270
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
promised to be the city's guest of honor, and invitations had been issued by the tens of hundreds. The Southern Railway, in preparation for this happy season of re- union, had planted near its depot a bed of shrubbery, whose fresh young colors were just beginning to spell the words: "Welcome Home." But little did any one an- ticipate the unfathomed pathos with which this symbol of greeting was soon to be applied.
As the days went by, the busy hum of preparation grew apace. Romans were anxious for the leaves to turn. There was an eagerness for summer to depart- for autumn to flood the air with her mellow musk and to flaunt her banners of gold upon the hills. But even while these plans were under way there came with ap- palling suddenness a message from Washington, stating that the Land's First Lady was alarmingly ill. This was soon followed by another, announcing the presence in the White House of the dread Angel of Death. Mrs. Wilson was coming home-not in October, but in August -and she was coming home to stay forever.
Savannah, Augusta, Princeton, Washington! There were many places, North and South, at which she tarried for a season; but there was only one spot to whose recol- lection the deepest chords of her heart responded-only one place in all the world whose memory kindled for her a hearth-stone music and threw around her a magician's spell. Amid the brightest gatherings of the White House she looked in fancy upon the old familiar scenes of her girlhood's home in Georgia, and even when the kindling smile upon her lips told of the border lights of the Better Land she turned longingly and lovingly in her thoughts to the dear old hills of Rome. Here were spent the golden years of her girlhood. Here the little cottage home still stood-its summer roses still in bloom. On these hills, with her classmates, she had delved into the deep mines of truth. Here was the little church from whose old- fashioned pulpit her father had "allured to brighter worlds." Here, last but not least, the man of her choice
MYRTLE HILL The Last Resting Place of Mrs. Wood row Wilson.
.
271
MRS. WILSON COMES HOME
-then barely twenty-six-"a youth to fortune and to fame unknown," first breathed into her car love's old, old story; and here, where the rivers meet and mingle, the current of her life met his in a song whose music was to echo down the years.
Beautiful for situation is the lofty burial-ground of Rome. Overlooking the city's domes and spires, it forms a majestic citadel of silence, a marble-crowned Acrop- olis. Beneath a giant oak, on this towering hill-top, the Land's First Lady was gently lowered to her last long rest. No fairer spot ever charmed an artist. There, tenderly upon her tomb-high-lifted above the murilll'- ing waters-will fall the golden light of the stars. There morning's first beams and sunset's last rays will linger upon her couch of dreams. There, fragrant with her thought for God's lowly children, will cluster in spring- time the bluest of the violets, and there, on wintry days, in keeping with her heart's pure sacrifice, will gather the whitest of the snows. Home at last, she sleeps on Myrtle Hill, around her a silent ring of Roman hearts and in her ear the sweet music of the Etowah.
SECTION III
Historic Church-Yards and Burial Grounds
SECTION III
Historic Church-Yards and Burial Grounds
Colonial Park, Savannah
Originally the parish burial-ground of Christ Church, some of the earliest inhabitants of the Colony of Georgia here sleep. On the moldering tombstones of the little cemetery there are scores of historic names, not a few of which are still bright on the muster rolls of the Revolu- tion; but Whigs and Tories alike lie here entombed. For more than fifty years after Georgia became a State, men of distinction in every sphere of life were here laid to rest in the very core of Savannah's heart. Just when the first burial was made in Old Colonial is uncertain ; but three distinct eras have contributed to the treasury of sacred dust which this little plot of ground contains- Colonial, Revolutionary, and Commonwealth. No inter- ments have been made here since the early fifties ; but it was not until 1895 that by decree of the Superior Court of Chatham County it became the property of the city of Savannahı. With this transfer of title, an old issue be- tween the parish and the town was happily adjusted, the walls on three sides were taken down, a competent force of workmen employed to repair the tombs, to open new walks, and to beautify the grounds; and thus out of the remnants of Colonial Cemetery emerged what is today known as Colonial Park.
Bounded by three of Savannah's busy thoroughfares, the park is reached in a minute's walk from the DeSoto Hotel. Here, at almost any hour of the day, when the weather is pleasant, may be seen groups of little children, playing at hide and seek among the tombs; energetic business men moving briskly along the walks which af- ford them convenient passage-ways to points beyond; or sightseers strolling leisurely over the green-carpeted area to read the inscriptions upon the ancient monu-
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GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
ments. Some of the oldest of the tombstones have disappeared forever. Others rescued in broken frag- ments have been placed against the brick wall which still remains. It is only fair to historic truth to state that the agencies of time, in producing this harvest of ruin, were re-enforced by the vandalism of Sherman's men, during the last year of the Civil War. Not content with rifling the vaults for silver, they even made them abodes of habitation, emulating in this respect the example of a certain demoniac who lived at Gadara ; and to judge from the mutilation of epitaphs the latter were no less pos- sessed of unclean spirits than were the former.
Entering the park from Oglethorpe Avenue-former- ly South Broad Street-the first object to attract the attention of the visitor is a fine old brick vault, which stands somewhat to itself. Entombed within this struc- ture are the ashes of JAMES HABERSHAM. He came to Georgia with the great Whitfield, rose to the highest civic station; and, during the absence of Governor Wright in England, administered the affairs of the province. Though his sons were violent Whigs, he remained to the last a faithful old servitor of the Crown. The inscription on the marble tablet, which occupies a large space in the front wall, reads as follows:
Sacred to the memory of JAMES HABERSHAM, the ancestor of the family of that name. He was born at Beverly, Yorkshire, Eng., in January, 1712, and died at Brunswick, New Jersey, 28th of August, 1775, aged 62 years. He was an eminent Christian and a highly useful man in the then Colony of Georgia, and held many im- portant offices, among them, those of President of his Britannic Majesty's Council and acting Governor of Georgia during the absence of Governor Wright. He was also in connection with Whitfield one of the found- ers of Bethesda, and for a long time a co-laborer in that good and great work.
Also to the memory of MARY BOLTON, his most beloved wife, who died the 4th day of January, 1763, and was also buried in this vault.
277
COLONIAL PARK
Just above the foregoing inscription is the design of a crown-encircled cross, accompanied by the following words :
"Be thou faithful unto death and I will give thee a crown of life."
Included among the inmates of the same vault are the two noted patriots, whose zeal for the cause of inde- pendence was a thorn in the parental flesh-JOSEPH and JOHN HABERSHAM. The former became the first Post- master-General of the United States, in the Cabinet of President Washington. With Commodore Oliver Bowen he also officered the first vessel commissioned for naval warfare in the Revolution. Dr. James Habersham, a third son of the old loyalist, and like his brothers, a most intense Whig, is supposed also to be one of the occupants of this tomb.
Beside the Habersham vault is a slab level with the ground, on which the following inscription appears :
In remembrance of MRS. MARY CHARLOTTE JACKSON, daughter of WILLIAM and SOPHIA YOUNG, and widow of MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES JACKSON; also of her father and mother; of MR. and MRS. ROBERT DILLON, her uncle and aunt ; and of an infant daughter; all of whom are interred near this tablet.
GENERAL JACKSON, the husband of this lady, was the famous old patriot who fought the Yazoo fraud. He is buried in the Congressional Cemetery, in Washington, D. C., on the banks of the Potomac. After holding the office of Governor, he died while a Senator of the United States.
Next the attention of the visitor is attracted to a row of brick vaults, four in number, located at right angles to
.
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GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
Oglethorpe Avenue. There is nothing specially orna- mental about these vaults; but the most intense interest lias centered around them for years. This reached a climax, in the spring of 1901, when they were severally opened by an authorized committee in search of the body of MAJOR-GENERAL NATHANIEL GREENE. They are known as "Colonial" vaults, because they belong to distin- guished families identified with Savannah since the ear- liest settlement of the town.
In the first of these repose the ashes of COLONEL RICHARD WYLLY, Deputy Quartermaster-General of the Continental Army in the Revolution.
The second is the famous Graham vault, in which the body of GENERAL GREENE was found. On a bronze tablet, unveiled with impressive ceremonies in the fall of 1902, is the following inscription :
Here rested for 114 years the remains of MAJ .- GEN. NATHANIEL GREENE. Born in Rhode Island, Aug. 7, 1742. Died at Mulberry Grove, June 19, 1786. His remains and those of his eldest son, GEORGE WASH- INGTON GREENE, now lie under the monument in Johnson Square.
This vault belonged to the confiscated estate of the royal Lieutenant-Governor Graham, whose property was bestowed by the Legislature of Georgia upon GENERAL GREENE.
In the next vault reposed for a number of years the ashes of two of the most illustrious of the early founders of Georgia : JUDGE NOBLE JONES and DR. NOBLE WYM- BERLEY JONES, his son. The former commanded the first Georgia Regiment of Colonial troops. He was also for twenty-one years a member of the King's Council. The latter, by reason of his zeal for the cause of indepen- dence, was styled "one of the morning stars of liberty." Both rest today in Bonaventure, whither they were re- moved, with other members of the Jones family, several
279
COLONIAL PARK
years ago, under the direction of Mr. George W. J. DeRenne, of Wormslow, a lineal descendant.
The last vault in the group belongs to the Thiots, an old family of Savannah. There are no inscriptions upon any of these tombs, except the one which bears the tablet of GENERAL GREENE.
Facing Abercorn Street, in an area of ground en- closed by an iron fence, is an oval slab, even with the ground, on which the following inscription appears :
The family vault of GEN. LACHLAN MCINTOSH, of the Revolutionary Army, of CHARLES HARRIS, counsellor-at-law, and of NICHOLAS S. BAYARD. -
GENERAL MCINTOSH was one of the most illustrious soldiers of the first war for independence, but he suffered somewhat in reputation by reason of the fatal conse- quences of the duel which he fought with BUTTON GWIN- NETT. Beside him sleeps his gallant nephew, COLONEL JAMES S. MCINTOSH, who fell in the Mexican War.
In honor of CHARLES HARRIS one of the counties of Georgia has been named. He was one of the foremost lawyers of Savannah a century ago.
Not far removed from the McIntosh tablet, in the same enclosed area, lies entombed another distinguished Georgian for whom a county in this State wwas named. The time-worn slab over his grave reads as follows :
Sacred to the memory of JAMES SPALDING, who departed this life in the 60th. year of his age, at Sa- vannah, on the 10th. Nov., 1794.
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GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
BUTTON GWINNETT, who fell at the hands of GENERAL MCINTOSH in a duel which occurred on the outskirts of Savannah, in 1777, is supposed to be buried in an un- marked grave in Colonial Park. He was living in Sa- vannah at the time, and there is no evidence to show that he was ever taken back to his old home on St. Catha- rine's Island. He was one of the Signers of the Decla- ration of Independence for Georgia, and at the time of his death was President of the Executive Council and ex-officio Governor of the Commonwealth.
One of the strangest memorials in the cemetery is a cubical block of marble, on which is carved the figure of a serpent in the form of a complete circle. There is no inscription of any kind on the monument; and just what this strange reptilian monogram is intended to signify is one of the unsolved enigmas. But from well authenticated tradition it is the common belief that in this particular spot lies one of the foremost of Georgia's early patriots-ARCHIBALD BULLOCH .*
Marked by a tasteful monument, in a small area of ground enclosed by an iron railing, is the grave of JOSEPH CLAY. He was one of the earliest of the Sons of Liberty; and from him a number of distinguished Georgians have descended. His son, who bore the same name, became a noted Federal jurist of Savannah. He afterwards entered the ministry of the Baptist Church, and at the time of his death was the most eloquent divine of this faith in the great city of Boston. The elder Clay, during the Revolution, held the office of Deputy Paymaster-Gen- eral in Georgia, with the rank of Colonel. He was a member of the bold party of rebels who broke into the
*Letter to the author from Prof. Otis Ashmore, of Savannah.
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COLONIAL PARK
King's powder magazine at Savannah, on May 11, 1775. He was also a conspicuous leader in the subsequent meet- ings of the patriots.
COLONEL SETH JOHN CUTHBERT, a distinguished Rev- olutionary patriot, who married a daughter of Joseph Clay, the elder, is supposed to be buried in the old ceme- tery, but his name is not to be found on any of the tombs which time has spared. He was the father of the two dis- tinguished Georgians: UNITED STATES SENATOR ALFRED CUTHBERT and JUDGE JOHN A. CUTHBERT. The only mem- ber of the Cuthbert family, whose monument yet stands in Colonial Park, is GEORGE CUTHBERT. Since he died in 1768, he may have been Seth John's brother-possibly his father.
Not far distant from the Habersham vault, on a hori- zontal tablet of marble, raised some two feet above the ground by a wall of brick, is an epitaph inscribed to the memory of MAJOR, JOHN BERRIEN, a noted officer of the Revolution. It was from the old Berrien home, near Princeton, N. J., that Washington, in 1783, issued his farewell address to the American Army. In the same historic mansion, JUDGE JOHN MACPHERSON BERRIEN, afterwards a member of the Cabinet and a Senator from Georgia, was born. He was a son of Major John Berrien. The latter joined the patriotic ranks when only fifteen. The inscription on the tomb reads :
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