USA > Georgia > Troup County > History of Troup county > Part 11
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Crow, Common; "Corn Thief."-16. Glossy black with violet reflections. Eggs: white spotted with brown. Coarse rickety nest in high tree tops. Two crows kill in one day birds which would destroy 100,000 insects.
Cuckoo, Black-billed; Rain Crow .- 111/2. Upper grayish brown; under whitish. Eggs: greenish blue. Song: repeated "cow," sometimes "cow-uh." Flat shabby nests at low elevations. Destroys tent caterpillars.
Dove, Turtle .- 12. Fawn color to bluish gray; breast reddish brown. Eggs: white. Song: "a-coo-o; coo-o; coo-oo; coo-o." Nests of loose sticks in hedges.
Flicker; Golden-winged Woodpecker; Clape; Yellowhammer; High-hole; Yarup .- 13. Head and neck gray; red crescent on neck; upper golden brown barred with black; linings under bright yellow. Eggs: white. Songs: sev- eral; "cuk, cuk, cuk;" "quit-u." Nests in tree and pole cavities.
Flycatcher, Crested .- 9. Dark olive or gray, crested. Eggs: buffy white streaked with brown. Song: repeated "wit-whit." Nests of straw in holes of dead limbs. Always places a piece of snake skin in nest.
Goldfinch, American; Wild Canary; Yellowbird; Thistle Bird .- 5 1/4. Male: bright yellow tipped with black in summer, changing to yellow olive in winter with drab tips. Female: brownish olive upper with yellowish under. Eggs: pale blue. Song: prolonged canary-like "tcheer," and twitter- ing. Nests of fibers and grass with thistle down lining.
Grackle, Purple; Crow Blackbird; Maize Thief .- 12. Iridescent purple head and greenish back. Eggs: pale bluish gray. Song: "tshack" and a squeaky song. Nests of sticks and twigs in bushes.
Hawk, Sparrow .- 12. Tawney back, bluish wings, chestnut tail; seven blotches on head. Eggs: speckled brown on white. Nests in holes of wood- peckers or in old crow nests.
Hummingbird, Ruby-throated .- 3 1/2. Green iridescent plumage, male with red or orange breast. Eggs: white. Song: twitters and squeaks. Nest a beautiful network of fibers and cobwebs, moss lined.
Indigo Bird; Indigo Bunting .- 5 1/2. Male: indigo blue. Female: brown- ish with trace of blue. Eggs: pale bluish white. Song: canary-like warble, and a sharp chirp. Nests of grass in shrubs and bushes.
Jay, Blue .- 11. Slaty blue tipped with white. Eggs: pale greenish blue. Song: two-syllabled whistle, or harsh scream; also a mimic. Nests of twigs
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and sticks; prefer pine trees for nests. These birds bury nuts to soften for opening.
Kingbird; Tyrant Flycatcher; Bee Martin .- 81/2. Dark olive or gray; adults with concealed orange croon patch. Eggs: white speckled with brown red. Song: shrill "thsee." Nests of sticks, roots, grass, string at any height. Watches for insects from a favorite perch.
Kingfisher, Belted; Halcyon .- 13. Upper parts slaty blue; under, white. Eggs: white. Song: loud and penetrating harsh rattle. Nests in tunnel in side of a bank. Perches near water, watching for fish.
Kite, Swallow-tail; Hawk. Chestnut colored with swallow-like barred tail. Eggs: white spotted with brown. Song: a shriek not often heard. Nests of sticks and grass in tall trees.
Kite, White-tailed; Hawk. Like the above except that the tail is white.
Martin, Purple .- 8. Male: rich glossy black; wings and tail duller. Fe- male: with more of brown and mottled. Eggs: dull white. Song: a grating warble or twitter. Nests of straw, paper, rags in bird houses or gourds. Enemy of crows and hawks.
Meadowlark; Field Lark; Oldfield Lark .- 101/2. Mottled brownish plum- age. Eggs: white speckled with brown. Song: "tseeu-tseer," and a sputter- ing call. Nests in sedges on ground, partially arched over.
Mockingbird .- 101/2. Gray above; wings and tail brownish; wings white tipped; whitish under. Eggs: bluish green. Song: great variety of musical notes; a great mimic. Nests in impenetrable thickets or bushes. The un- surpassed singer; some taught to sing airs.
Nighthawk; Nightjar; Bull Bat; Mosquito Hawk; Pisk .- 10. Mottled brownish; white band across tail and wings. Eggs: gray and white. Song: nasal "peent." Nests on bare ground, sometimes on gravel roofs in cities. Feeds on the wing, destroying flying insects.
Nuthatch, White-breasted; Tree Mouse; Devil Downhead .- 6. Upper parts slate color; under, white. Eggs: white spotted with brown. Song: "yank-yank," "ya-ya" in same tone. Nests in cavities lined with leaves and feathers. Climbs trees with head downward.
Oriole, Baltimore; Golden Oriole; Firebird; Golden Robin .- 71/2. Male: orange and black. Female: dull yellowish and gray. Eggs: white scrawled with brownish black. Song: clear varied whistle and warble. Nests of fibers and string suspended from limbs. Place colored strings near nesting place and watch result.
Oriole, Orchard; Orchard Starling .- 71/2. Male: chestnut and black. Female: yellowish and gray. Eggs: white, speckled and scrawled with black and brown. Song: rich and loud warble; a clattering call. Nest is a woven basket suspended from forks of limbs.
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Owl, Barn. Characterized by the large eyes, and nocturnal habits. Eggs: white. Song: hoots, accompanied by snapping of the bill. Nests in holes of trees, on rocks, in deserted nests.
Owl, Horned. Marked with a pointed crest, resembling horns. Eggs: white. Song: hoots and whoos. Nests similar to barn owl.
Partridge; Quail; Bob White .- 7. Upper, brown and black marked with buff; under, whitish. Eggs: white. Song: "Old Bob White." Nests on ground in sedges and grasses.
Pewee, Wood .- 61/2. Dark olive or gray; wings longer than tail; bills hooked. Eggs: creamy white speckled with brown. Song: "pee-ah-wee, pee-wee." Nests are moss covered. Perch on dead limbs in order to see better.
Phoebe; Dusky Flycatcher; Bridge Pewee; Water Pewee .- 7. Dusky olive brown above; crested; dingy yellowish white under. Eggs: white. Song: pewit, phoebe. Nests of moss and mud lined with hair, feathers, or wool. Builds near water.
Robin; Red-breasted Thrush; Robin Red-breast .- 10. Dull olive gray above; breast red; white under tail. Eggs: bluish green. Song: cheerily- cheer-up. Nests of mud and grass on boughs. An occasional nester here.
Shrike, Northern; Butcher Bird; Nine Killer .- 10. Slaty gray above; white spot on wings. Wings and throat black; light gray below. Eggs: grayish with spots darker gray. Song: similar to catbird with various whistles. Nests of twigs and grass in thorny trees. Impales their catches on thorns to better tear in pieces.
Sparrow, Chipping; Chippy; Hairbird; Chipbird .- 5 1/2. Black on neck, throat and back; dark red crown; some brown. Eggs: whitish thickly spotted with brown. Song: chip-chip-chip, repeated for several seconds. Nests of twigs, rootlets and lichens generally in pines.
Sparrow, English; House Sparrow .- 61/4. Male: ashy with black and chestnut stripes; throat black. Female: same as male but gray under. Eggs: whitish scratched with black. Song: a discordant twittering. Gregarious nests built anywhere, and of grass and leaves.
Sparrow, Field; Field Bunting; Wood Sparrow; Bush Sparrow .- 5 1/2. Chestnut streaked with black; grayish white under. Eggs: whitish marked with reddish brown. Song: swee-see-see-se-e-e; piping ascending whistle. Nests of frail grasses and weeds, lined with finer material. Builds in trees and sometimes on ground.
Sparrow, Sharp-tailed Nelson .- 5 1/2. Brownish or grayish olive with black streak; pale buff under. Eggs: greenish white speckled with brownish spots. Song: a weak squeaky trill. Nests in hollows of the ground.
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Starling .- 8. Metallic green and purple. Eggs: pale blue. Song: metallic; flock makes "wheelbarrow chorus." Nests near and in and on buildings. A newcomer to the South.
Swallow, Bank; Sand Martin; Sand Swallow .- 51/2. Grayish brown or clay color above; white below. Eggs: white. Song: a giggling twitter. Nests in holes in sand banks; lives there after nesting.
Swallow, Tree; White-bellied Swallow .- 6. Lustrous dark steel green above; soft white below. Eggs: white. Song: twittering. Nests of grass lined with feathers. Lives on border of water, or in orchards.
Swift, Chimney; Chimney Swallow; American Swift .- 51/2. Sooty black plumage; spines on ends of tail feathers. Eggs: white. Song: a continuous twittering. Nests of sticks glued to side of chimney. Gregarious; feeds on mosquitoes and insects.
Tanager, Scarlet; Black-winged Redbird; Firebird .- 71/2. Male: brilliant scarlet with black wings and tail. Female: olive green above; lighter below. Eggs: pale bluish green. Song: like the robin but higher; call, "chip-charr."
Tanager, Summer; Redbird; Smooth-headed Redbird .- 71/2. Male: uni- form red. Female: yellowish green olive; orange under. Eggs: bluish green. Song: similar to robin. Nests of twigs and rootlets on limbs in open woods.
Thrasher, Brown; Brown Thrush; Mavis; Brown Mockingbird .- 111/2. Rusty red brown; white bands on wings; streaked white below. Eggs: bluish white. Song: bright cheerful carol; whistled "wheeu." Nests of twigs and rootlets in hedges and thickets. The official state bird of Georgia.
Thrush, Hermit; Swamp Angel; Little Thrush .- 7. Olive brown red- dening at tail; pale buff under. Round spots on breast. Eggs: greenish blue. Song: only during nesting time; similar to mockingbird. Nests near or on the ground in briers, bark and leaves.
Thrush, Wood; Song Thrush; Wood Robin; Bellbird .- 8. Reddish brown to olive at tail; breast white spotted. Breast spots are heart shaped. Eggs: greenish blue. Song: clear and flute like; call, "quit," "quirt." Nests of grass, weeds and some mud on horizontal limbs.
Towhee; Chewink; Grasel; Joree .- 8. Male: black with white breast; chestnut wings and tail. Female: brownish instead of black. Eggs: white with brownish spots. Song: tow-hee-e-e; call, cherink. Nests of bark, leaves and grass, usually on the ground.
Vireo, Blue-headed; Solitary Vireo .- 6. Head bluish slate; yellow green sides; whitish under. Two white bars on the wing. Eggs: creamy white. Song: a carol of pure serene trust. Nests are woven baskets of lichens, fibers and bark. Spider webs are interwoven in the nests.
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Vireo, Yellow-throated .- 6. Plumage greenish; throat and breast yellow. Two white wing bars. Eggs: creamy or rosy white specked with brown. Song: a sad and persistent strain. Nests of bark, grasses and lichens over water.
Warbler, Swainson .- 5. Brownish above; whitish under. Eggs: white. Song: descending loud clear whistles. Large nests of strips of bark, roots and pine needles. This bird is a ventriloquist.
Waxwing, Bohemian; Black-throated Waxwing; Silktail .- 9. Drab above; lighter gray below; crested; black throat. Feather quills dark; two white wing bars; wings tipped with red. Eggs: bluish white specked with black. Song: softly hissed twittering. Nests of twigs and moss, lined with feathers. Generally nests low in pine trees.
Whip-poor-will .- 10. Mottle brownish, gray, black and white; bristles under bill. Eggs: pale brown, gray and lilac. Song: repeats its name at night. Nests on bare ground. Moth eaters; takes its food on the wing.
Woodpecker, Downy Southern .- 6. Black and white; male with red neck patch; female none. Eggs: white. Song: a sharp series of "peenk." Nests on bare wood in holes of trees.
Woodpecker, Hairy .- 9. Black and white with a spot of red on head. Eggs: white. Song: a whistled "peenk." Nests in holes of trees in deep woods.
Woodpecker, Pileated .- 17. Black and white crested; red side patches on head. Eggs: white. Song: a two-syllabled shriek. Nests in tree holes; can bore a live tree.
Wood pecker, Red-cockaded .- 81/2. White and black; male, scarlet side of head; female, none. Eggs: white. Song: a nasal "peenk." Nests in holes of trees.
Wood pecker, Red-headed; Tricolor; Red-head .- 91/2. Black and white; head and breast red; young, gray-headed. Eggs: white. Song: a repeated "charr." Nests in trees and telephone poles.
Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied; Sapsucker .- 8 1/2. Black, white and yellow- ish above; crown and throat bright red. Eggs: white. Song: a whining "whee;" other calls harsh. Tree holes in deep woods are nesting places. They drill holes in tree bark to eat the sap.
Wren, Carolina; Mocking Wren .- 5 1/2. Chestnut brown; throat whitish; white streak from eye to neck. Wings and tail darkly barred. Eggs: white specked with reddish brown. Song: a loud indescribable tinkling. Nests of weeds, grass and trash in brush heaps, holes and boxes.
Wren, House .- 5. Cinnamon brown; whitish under; wings and tail barred. Eggs: white, thickly speckled with pinkish brown. Song: loud
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clear and enthusiastic warble. Nests of grass and weeds in crevices and boxes near houses.
Wren, Short-billed Marsh .- 51/4. Brown faintly streaked with white; black and buff tails. Wings and tail barred; white shading to buff under. Eggs: white. Song: not noted. Nests on sides of reeds; a globular woven nest with side entrance. Moves and rebuilds whenever disturbed.
CHAPTER XIII. TRANSPORTATION
ARLY ROADS. The location of the early trails and roads are largely matters of supposition and conjecture. They were the trails of hunt- ers and trappers, and roads to some market for exchange of trade and supplies. The location of the old river ferries indicate the objective points, when one was traveling westerly from the already settled parts of Georgia.
The Philpot Ferry on the northern line of the present county marks the road through Brown Crossroad, Harrisonville, and Hogansville, towards Greenville, Griffin, and Milledgeville, and eastward.
The Mooty Ferry, now the Mooty Bridge, served the road running diago- nally across the county through Ware Crossroad, LaGrange, Pleasant Grove, Troup Factory, Chipley, King's Gap, and on in the direction of Columbus.
The Hawthorn Ferry, north of the island and afterward at the south point of the island above Sterling Bridge, now called McGee Bridge, was the road from Antioch, Cameron Mill, LaGrange, and Mountville, eastward.
The Vernon Ferry was formerly just above the bridge of the A. B. & C. Railroad, and was moved later, on the abandonment of the town of Vernon, to Hairston Ferry near the present Glass Bridge.
The West Point Ferry was in the heart of the town, and accommodated the roads to LaGrange, Chipley and Columbus, and was the crossing place of roads extending into Alabama.
Nearly all the above roads were probably the trails which the Creeks used in reaching their capital, Indian Springs. But the roads running north and south were probably laid out by the white settlers, for the road to Whitesville is along land lot line a greater part of the way.
In laying out the old roads, steepness of grade received little consideration, for ridges and divides were sought for the drainage they afforded, and the crests of hills were vantage points in locating distant landmarks. The only other consideration was to seek approaches to streams where fordable bot- toms were found, or for easy bridging secure from floods. The treatment of unavoidable marshes and bogs was to heap the road with stones, where small in extent, and for long stretches to corduroy the road with closely laid poles transverse the road.
The trails were widened into roads for the convenience of wheeled traffic to replace pack animals with panniers. The long established width was thirty feet including such ditches as nature and the annual road working supplied.
VEHICLES. The commerce of the early days was carried in huge cones- toga wagons with canvas or hide covers. They were drawn by slow moving oxen, or by mules and horses in teams of two, four, or six to each wagon.
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The travel was in caravans for mutual protection, camping by the roadside at night. The old teamsters were unmindful of sanitation and germs, but ever alert to the howl of wolves, the growl of angry or hungry bears, or the war-whoop of unfriendly Indians. The travel of business men and pleasure seekers for short distances was on horseback, gig, or in the family carriages; for the longer distances, the public stage coaches were used.
Mrs. J. H. Traylor described a trip with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Cabiniss, from Henry County, Virginia, to Georgia in October of 1827. They came in a carriage with outriders, and their possessions followed in covered wagons. They met with great hospitality on the road, not the least of which was offered by an Indian chief, whose log house looked down on the waters of the Chattahoochee River. In the early days there were many handsome carriages, some of which were lined with heavy satin or velvet, and often cost a thousand dollars. They were drawn by thorough- bred horses, and driven by liveried negro coachmen.
STAGE COACHES. As the population increased, stage coach lines were organized, and they were well patronized. The most popular line passing through the county was the Montgomery and Griffin line, a division of a transcontinental system. These coaches passed through Mountville, near which there was a relay station for fresh horses. David Beaman, a New England man, was the owner of this line, and he owned a house for his hostler, and stables for his horses on a creek near the Boddie home.
The coming and going of the stage coach always elicited the greatest interest from the communities through which the coach passed, as it was the one contact with the outside world. Railroads and telegraphs were not yet used as mediums of communication.
Two Texas girls planned to come to LaGrange College, then operated by the Montgomery brothers, and mistaking the meaning of the word, "Com- mencement," for the beginning of the term, came nearly all the long trip by stage coach. Discovering their mistake, they decided that it was too long and too hazardous a journey to return, so they remained the entire four years until their graduation before returning to their homes. Many of the older citizens remember Bob Griffin, who was one of the best and the last of the old stage coach drivers in this vicinity.
Mrs. Benjamin H. Hill gives an interesting description of her bridal tour in 1845. Mr. Hill and Miss Emily Moore of Athens were engaged for three years before their marriage. He spent those three years in LaGrange studying law with William Dougherty, and was finally admitted to the bar in the summer of 1845. They were married November 18, 1845, and started on their trip from Athens to Long Cane, Troup County, Georgia, where his father, John Hill lived as a successful farmer. The bride and the groom
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HISTORY OF TROUP COUNTY
went from Athens to Union Point in a horse car, drawn by two horses hitched tandem. At Union Point they boarded the Georgia Railroad train for the city of Atlanta. Here after several hours of delay they took the stage coach for Long Cane, stopping every ten miles for a relay of horses. It required as long to go from Athens to Long Cane, as it now does to reach New York. Mrs. Hill continues the narrative by saying that it was a freezing cold night, and on account of the delay of the stage coach, they did not drive the coach to the house, which was a short distance from the road, so they walked, piloted by, a tall negro holding aloft a torch to light the way. A great glowing fire welcomed them within doors, and warm hearts took the young bride and groom into their tenderest affection.
CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. About 1831 the Chattahoochee River began to attract attention, and Colonel Reuben Thornton, a wealthy and enter- prising citizen of West Point, ran barges and flat boats from West Point up the river to a point called Standing Peachtree, which is in DeKalb County, transporting produce, most of which was sold at this point. He took one load of flour over the shoals at Columbus, but could not get his boat back, consequently had to haul his load of sugar, salt, and coffee, to West Point by wagons. After building new boats, he took his cargo on to Standing Peachtree in the boats, and from thence it was wagoned to East Tennessee markets. The merchants of LaGrange and West Point bought their goods in the markets of Augusta, Savannah, or Charleston, and as there was no other means of transportation, they were carried in wagons. These wagons crossed the intervening rivers on flat boats, and it is a significant fact that no serious accident ever occurred. In 1838, Daniel Duncan and J. M. Harrington ran boats from Heard County to West Point. They brought all the material used in building the toll bridge at West Point, and materials for many other structures.
ATLANTA AND LAGRANGE RAILROAD. Incorporated December 27, 1847, with the following incorporators, many of which were Troup County citi- zens: B. H. Conyers, Andrew J. Berry, John Griffin, Brittain Sims, Sr., Hugh Brewster, John Ray, John H. Johnson, Willis P. Menifee, Littleberry Watts, Joel W. Terrell, J. V. Davis, Thomas W. Bolton, Joseph Poythress, Henry West, Edward Y. Hill, R. A. T. Ridley, John Douglas, William Reid, and James M. Beall. The charter was amended December 14, 1849, to give the power to extend the road to the Alabama line at or near West Point. The building of this railroad excited great interest in the surrounding county, and the day the first train came in to LaGrange, all the citizens of the town and the countryside flocked in to see it. The first engine was named "E. Y. Hill," and the first engineer was Oliver Park. The railroad was completed
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to West Point in March, 1854; the railroad bridge was built in 1853 and 1854. George H. Winston supplied the stone for the piers.
On December 22, 1857, the name was changed to the present name of Atlanta and West Point Railroad. The old car shed was built in 1857-58, with Daniel H. Cram as architect. The bridge and the depots were destroyed by Colonel LaGrange, commanding the Federal troops that captured Fort Tyler in 1865. They were rebuilt in 1866 by Colonel Grant and son.
The original terminal of the Atlanta and West Point Railroad was located where the No. 14 Highway crosses the present railroad in entering West Point from LaGrange.
MONTGOMERY AND WEST POINT RAILROAD. Incorporated in Georgia on December 26, 1837, it was completed to West Point in July, 1851. The first engine from Montgomery to run through to West Point was named the "General Winfield Scott." This railroad is now called the Western Railway of Alabama, and together with the Atlanta and West Point operates as a unit from Atlanta to Montgomery.
ATLANTA AND WEST POINT RAILROAD. This railroad as described above is a component part of the fast railway mail service between New York and New Orleans. The stations on this road in Troup County are as follows:
Trimble 55 miles from Atlanta .Flag station
Hogansville 58 miles from Atlanta R. B. Briscoe, Agent
Louise. 64 miles from Atlanta Flag Station
LaGrange 71 miles from Atlanta P. E. Redding, Agent
Gabbettville. 80 miles from Atlanta Flag Station
West Point .. 87 miles from Atlanta I. H. Weaver, Agent
MACON AND BIRMINGHAM RAILROAD. Incorporated December 27, 1886, by Benjamin H. Bigham, Robert S. McFarlin, Elisha D. Pitman, and William C. Yancey, under the name and title of Macon, LaGrange and Birmingham Railroad. A new charter was granted September 9, 1889, under the name of Macon and Birmingham, and this charter amended as to route November 7, 1889, and November 12, 1889. It was completed in 1891 from LaGrange to Sofkee, near Macon. This road proved unable to earn a livelihood, and the greater part of it was abandoned in 1925. However, parts of it are in operation as parts of other systems.
NORTH AND SOUTH RAILROAD. Incorporated October 24, 1870, to run from LaGrange to Rome through Carrollton. The following were the Troup County incorporators: Benjamin H. Bigham, W. O. Tuggle, H. H. Huntley, C. W. Mabry, R. A. T. Ridley, John R. Broome, B. C. Ferrell, F. A. Frost. In the LaGrange Reporter of July 5, 1872: "The present status of the company is over forty miles of heavy road graded, the iron laid on over six miles, with train running and materials on hand to complete fifteen
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HISTORY OF TROUP COUNTY
miles more." This road was graded from LaGrange to a point beyond the Mooty Bridge and into Heard County. Further efforts were made to com- plete this line, when the rights of the Columbus and Northern Railroad were purchased October 15, 1885, by R. S. McFarlin, and a new corporation of the LaGrange North and South Railroad chartered with the following subscribers: R. S. McFarlin, W. V. Gray, Thomas S. Bradfield, Henry E. Ware, B. C. Ferrell, John J. Swain, James G. Truitt, Henry C. Butler, Wil- liam C. Yancey, O. A. Dunson, Edwin R. Bradfield, Alfred Truitt, Thomas J. Howell, Enoch Callaway, Louis J. Render, F. M. Ridley, Elisha D. Pitman, I. F. Cox, John R. Broome, Benjamin H. Bigham, Francis M. Longley, William J. McClure, and A. D. Abraham and associates. The road was not completed.
LAGRANGE AND TROUP FACTORY RAILROAD. Incorporated December 22, 1857, by Thomas Leslie, Jesse Mclendon, Thomas J. Thornton, Thomas C. Evans, Orville A. Bull, John W. McGehee, and James M. Flowers. Never built.
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