USA > Hawaii > Honolulu County > Honolulu > Honolulu Memorial :National Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu, Hawaii : West Coast Memorial, East Coast Memorial > Part 3
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Near the landward end of the Court of Honor is a bronze eagle 181/2 feet high symbolically placing a wreath upon the waters. This eagle which weighs about 5 tons was designed by
1 It will be recalled that during World War II the Air Forces still formed a part of the United States Army.
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-
-
HER SONS
OF THE ATLANTIC OCTAN INTO THY HANDS, O LORD
A Wreath Laid Upon a Wave
Albino Manca of New York. The Massachusetts Peerless polished black granite base beneath it bears this inscription :
1941-1945 × ERECTED BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN PROUD AND GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF HER SONS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN HER SERVICE AND WHO SLEEP IN THE AMERICAN COASTAL WATERS OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN X INTO THY HANDS O LORD
The memorial is enframed by for- mal planting of London Plane (Plata- nus acerifolia) trees and Euonymus patens hedges; the area is bounded on three sides by Battery Park. A broad flight of steps leads from the Court of Honor to the seawall promenade.
The memorial was completed in 1963 and was dedicated by President John F. Kennedy on 23 May of that year.
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Youth Triumphing Over Evil-Brittany Memorial. (Lee Lawrie, Sculptor.)
AMERICAN MILITARY Cemeteries & Memorials OF WORLD WAR II
THE AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION is responsible to the peo- ple of the United States for the con- struction and permanent maintenance of military cemeteries and memorials built by the United States Government on foreign soil. It is not responsible
for construction, maintenance, or op- eration of cemeteries in the continental United States or its Territories and possessions.
After World War I the American Battle Monuments Commission erected a memorial chapel in each of the eight
25
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GRANTUNK
To the Missing-World War II Loggia-Suresnes. (Lewis Iselin, Sculptor.)
military cemeteries already established by the War Department, as well as eleven monuments and two bronze tablets on the battlefields and else- where, to record the achievements of our Armed Forces.1
By the end of World War II several hundred temporary cemeteries had been established by the American Graves Registration Service of the United States Army. During the years 1947 to 1954 that Service, complying with the expressed wishes of the next- of-kin, and by authority of law, repa- triated the remains of some 171,000, representing 61 per cent of the recov- ered bodies. The remaining 39 per cent were given final interment in the cemeteries on foreign soil; and in the
cemeteries at Honolulu, Sitka and Puerto Rico (which remain under Army control).
Fourteen sites in foreign countries were selected as permanent cemeteries in 1947 by the Secretary of the Army, with the assistance of the American Battle Monuments Commission. Their locations reflect the progress of the
1 These were: Cemeteries: Brookwood, England; Suresnes, Oise-Aisne (Fere-en- Tardenois), Aisne-Marne (Belleau), Somme (Bony), St. Mihiel (Thiaucourt), Meuse-Argonne (Romagne), France; Waregem, Belgium. Monuments: Brest, Cantigny, Bellicourt, Chateau-Thierry, Somme-Py, Montfaucon, Montsec, Tours, France; Kemmel, Audenarde, Belgium; Gibraltar. Tablets : Chaumont, Souilly, France.
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military operations; they were selected with a view to their accessibility, as- pect, prospect, drainage, and other practical considerations. In every case use of the site in perpetuity was granted by the host government to the United States, free of cost, rent, and taxes. The remainder of the "temporary"
cemetery sites reverted to the landown- ers upon completion of reburial opera- tions.
The fourteen permanent World War II cemeteries with numbers of graves including Unknowns, and the numbers of Missing recorded at the Memorials are :
Dead
Unknown
List of Missing
Cambridge, England.
3,811 including
24 307
1,557
Brittany (near St. James, Manche), France.
4,410 including .
95
498
Epinal, France .
5,255 including
69
424
Lorraine (at St. Avold, Moselle), France.
10,489 including .
151
444
Rhône (at Draguignan, Var),
861 including
62
293
France.
Netherlands (near Margraten), Hol- land.
8,301 including
105
1, 720
Henri-Chapelle, Belgium .
7,989 including. .
89
451
Ardennes (near Neuville-en-Con- droz), Belgium.
5,250 including.
744
462
Luxembourg, Luxembourg
5,076 including.
101
370
Florence, Italy .
4,402 including.
212
1, 409
Sicily-Rome (Nettuno, near Rome), Italy.
7,862 including. . . . .
488
3, 094
North Africa (near Carthage), 2,840 including.
240
3, 724
Tunisia.
Manila, Philippines
17,182 including. .. 3, 660
36, 279
In addition, 24 Unknowns of World War II were interred in the World War I cemetery at Suresnes, near Paris.2
The following World War II ceme- teries are maintained by the Depart- ment of the Army :
Dead
Unknown
List of Missing
Honolulu
13,510 including . .
2, 009
18,093
Puerto Rico
69
Sitka, Alaska
72 including
5
In 1947 the American Battle Monu- ments Commission selected fourteen outstanding American architects, each
to design one of the cemeteries, con- ceiving the graves plots and a monu- ment as complementary elements of an
2 See page 30 concerning World War II memorial.
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5, 125
Normandy (near St. Laurent-sur- Mer, Calvados), France.
9,386 including .
.
CAMBRIDGE
BEDFORD
IPSWICH
OXFORD
LONDON
Thames
BROOKWOOD
ENGLAND
DOVER
SOUTHAMPTON
PORTSMOUTH
CALAIS
KEME
BOULOGNE
LILLE
ENGLISH
Somme
DIEPPE
AMIENS
CANTIGNY
CHERBOURG
LE HAVRE
STE MERE-EGLISE
ROUEN
FRANCE
+
FERE-EN-TAR
BELLI
ST LO
Seine
FALAISE
PARIS
· AVRANCHES
SURESNES
ARGENTAN
VERSAILLES
MT ST MICHEL
ST JAMES
MILES
O. 10
20 30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
KILOMETERS
integral memorial to the services and sacrifices of the American Armed Services who fought in the respective regions. Upon approval of the general schemes by the Commission, and by agreement with the Secretary of the Army, the architects' plans of the graves plots were followed by the American Graves Registration Service
in making the permanent burials of those remains which, by decision of the next-of-kin, were to remain overseas. This timely cooperation of the two agencies contributed appreciably to the coherence of the development of the cemetery designs.
Beginning in the latter half of 1949, the permanent interments having been
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ST LAURENT
BAYEUX
· CAEN
Oise
FONTAINEBLEAU
CHANNEL
THE HAGUE
+ WORLD WAR II CEMETERIES
ARNHEM
Rhine
B WORLD WAR I CEMETERIES
ROTTERDAM
* WORLD WAR I MONUMENTS
Waal
NIJMEGEN
Maas
HOLLAND
Ruhr
ANTWERP
G E
R
M
ANY
COLOGNE
AUDENARDE
MAASTRICHT
MARGRATEN
BRUSSELS
5
1
BONN
AACHEN
HENRI-CHAPELLE
+
BELGIUM
LIEGE,
EUPEN
NEUVILLE- +
VERVIERS
EN-CONDROZ
BONY
BELLICOURT'
*
Moselle
LUXEMBOURG
TRIER
LUXEMBOURG
SEDAN
+
HAMM
Aisne
SOMMEPY
ROMAGNE ៛ MONTFAUCON
SAARLAUTERN
IS
REIMS
B
VERDUN
METZ
ST AVOLD
CHATEAU-THIERRY
*
THIAUCOURT
Sarre
Marne
Meuse
NANCY
VOSGES
EPINAL
virtually completed, the cemeteries were progressively transferred to the American Battle Monuments Commis- sion by Executive Order, for construc- tion and maintenance. Thereupon the remaining portions of the archi- tects' designs were carried out, step by step-grading; installation of a system of reinforced-concrete beams on piles
to maintain the levels and alignments of the headstones; fabrication and in- stallation of the headstones; construc- tion of water-supply and distribution systems; utilities buildings; roads and paths; plantings; and the erection of the memorials.
To provide against dry seasons and the occasional real drought, each ceme-
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*
(
*
MONTSEC
*
ARDENNES
tery is equipped with storage reservoirs and a high-pressure sprinkling system.
For the design of the various me- morials no specific requirement was imposed upon the architects beyond the budgeted cost, except that each should embody these features :
A small devotional chapel.
Inscription of the names and particulars of the Missing in the region.
A graphic record, in permanent form, of the services of our troops.
These requirements have been inter- preted in a wide, and interesting, va- riety of forms.
An important motive for the con- struction of the memorials was the implied undertaking by our Govern- ment to record by monuments the achievements of our Armed Services, since, by Department orders, the erec- tion of monuments by the troops (which unfortunately have been found to be often poorly-designed, poorly constructed and lacking provision for maintenance) was expressly forbidden. The "permanent graphic" record takes the form of maps, usually quite large murals, amplified by descriptive texts in English as well as the language of the country in which the cemetery is situated. The historical data (in the form of map layouts and texts) were prepared by the American Battle Mon- uments Commission; the maps were rendered in tasteful presentation by experienced artists. In no two cases is the method-or even the materials- the same; the map may be of layered marbles, or in fresco, perhaps in bronze relief, or in ceramics. Another feature of interest at each memorial is the two sets of "Key-Maps": "The War Against Germany" and "The War Against Japan". Each set consists of three maps, each covering about one- third of the period of our participation in the war. By these Key-Maps each major battle may be related to all others in time and space.
With each architect an American landscape architect, an American
sculptor and an American muralist or painter ordinarily collaborated. Their talents have made a major contribution to the beauty and dignity of the Mem- orials all of which are dedicated to the memory of the achievements of those who served and of the sacrifices of those who died. The construction of the cemeteries and memorials, as well as of most of the works of art, was effected by local contractors and artists under the supervision of the Commis- sion.
Each grave is marked by a headstone of white marble, of the same designs as those used in the overseas cemeteries of World War I-a Star of David for those of Jewish faith, a Latin Cross for all others. These headstones were quarried and fabricated in the Italian Tyrol, northwest of Venice, except about one-half of those at the Philip- pines cemetery which came from the region of Carrara in western Italy. Each headstone bears the deceased's name, rank, service number, organiza- tion, date of death, and State or Terri- tory from which he entered the military service. Headstones of the Unknowns, i. e., those remains which could not be identified, bear the inscription: HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY A COMRADE IN ARMS KNOWN BUT TO GOD.
The lists of Missing (which include the unidentified and those lost and buried at sea) give name, rank, organi- zation and State; the conditions under which death occurred were usually such as to deny the possibility of re- cording the exact date.
In addition to the fourteen World War II cemeteries and Memorials, the American Battle Monuments Commis- sion program includes the following:
SURESNES
As previously stated, 24 World War II Unknowns were interred in this World War I cemetery. Here, where senior representatives of the French and United States Governments on cere- monial occasions pay homage to our Dead, the World War I chapel was, by addition of two loggias, converted
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HUNGARY
P
LYON
Danube
Rhône
*TURIN
BELGRADE
MONTELIMAR
ITALY
FRAN CE
GENOA
BOLOGNA
YUGOSLAVIA
PISA
FLORENCE
DRAGUIGNAN T
NICE
72
P
MARSEILLE
ST RAPHAEL
SIENA
TOULON
2
SPAIN
1
CORSICA
ROME
FOGGIA
BARCELONA!
NETTUNO
ANZIO
ALBANIA!
BARI
NAPLES
SALERNO
SARDINIA
TYRRHENIAN
0
SEA
MEDIT
E RRANEA
CARTHAGE
ALGIERS
TUNIS
0
50
150
200
0
50 100 150 200 KILOMETERS
TUNISIA
00
SE ACUMALTA
O
ALGERIA
Saône
SWITZERLANDI ?.
RUMANIA
TRIESTE
GRENOBLE
MILAN
VENICE
Po
LEGHORN
E
RIATIC
1/1
SEA
MESSINA
PALERMO
SICILY
MILES 100
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"Memory"-World War II Memorial Chamber-Suresnes. (Lewis Iselin, Sculptor.)
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into a shrine to commemorate our Dead of both wars.
The wall of the World War II loggia bears this inscription:
TO THE ETERNAL MEMORY OF 360,817 AMERICANS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY DUR- ING WORLD WAR II. OF THIS HOST 106,808 REST IN EIGHTEEN OVERSEAS MILITARY CEMETERIES. THE REMAINS OF 175,110 WERE RETURNED TO THEIR HOMELAND. OF THOSE RESTING IN THE OVERSEAS MILITARY CEMETERIES 8,483 HAVE NOT BEEN IDENTIFIED. THEIRS ARE AMONG THE 78,917 NAMES OF THOSE MISSING IN ACTION OR LOST OR BURIED AT SEA WHICH ARE RE- CORDED UPON THE WALLS OF THE CEMETERY MEMORIALS. * * * INTO THY HANDS O LORD.
Within the World War II memorial chamber is engraved:
THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN PROUD AND GRATEFUL MEMORY OF HER SOLDIERS, SAILORS, MARINES AND AIR- MEN WHO LAID DOWN THEIR LIVES IN ALL QUARTERS OF THE EARTH THAT OTHER PEOPLES MIGHT BE FREED FROM OPPRESSION * LET
* * US HERE HIGHLY RESOLVE THAT THESE HON- ORED DEAD SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN.
BREST
The World War I monument at Brest having been destroyed by the enemy in July 1941, was rebuilt by the Commis- sion in 1960.
MAINTENANCE
Permanent maintenance of the ceme- teries is a responsibility of the Ameri- can Battle Monuments Commission. The Superintendent and Assistant Superintendent in each case are Amer- ican war veterans.
At each cemetery there is a Visitors' Building, with comfortably furnished reception room. Here visitors may be informed as to the location of graves (or inscription of the Missing) at any overseas cemetery.
The cemeteries are open every day of the year. Photography is permitted at the cemeteries and monuments without special authorization, except when photography is to be used for commercial purposes-in such case permission must be obtained from the Commission's local office.
Unlike the national cemeteries un- der the jurisdiction of the Quarter- master General, Department of the Army, there can be no further burials in the American military cemeteries overseas except of those remains which may, in the future, be found on the battlefields.
FLOWERS
In the general interest, the decoration of graves with natural cut flowers only is permitted. The Commission is happy to assist interested persons to arrange with local florists in foreign countries for placing such decorations. Requests should be mailed so as to arrive at the appropriate Commission office at least 5 days before the date of decoration and should be accompanied by check or international money order in dollars or local currency. Deposits may be made for a single decoration on a particular day-birthday, Memorial Day, Christmas Day, for example-or for several decorations on particular dates within the year or over a period of years. Checks should be made pay- able to "The American Battle Monu- ments Commission, Flower Fund", money orders to "The American Battle Monuments Commission". Requests should be addressed to the Commis- sion's Paris office, except in the case of Florence, Sicily-Rome (Nettuno) and North Africa (Carthage) Ceme- teries where the Rome office is respon- sible, and Manila where the Manila office is responsible.
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Orders for flowers for all cemeteries may also be placed through any local florist who is a member of the "Florists Telegraph Delivery Association." In addition to the name of the deceased, the rank, service number, name of the cemetery, country in which located, and the location by plot, row, and grave should be provided if known.
Further information regarding cem- eteries and memorials may be obtained at the Commission's offices in Wash- ington, Paris, Rome, or Manila. Visi- tors passing through these cities are
invited to call. The Commission's representatives there may be of some assistance in verifying travel routes and schedules, and also in furnishing in- formation concerning overnight ac- commodations.
PHOTOGRAPHS
Upon the request of the bona fide next of kin, the Commission will fur- nish one photograph of the appropri- ate headstone or inscription engraved on the Wall of the Missing.
Suresnes Memorial With World War I and II Loggias.
-
1
+
+
+
t
+
+
+
+
tt
1
+
34
THE AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION
United States Office
Washington 25, D. C.
Telephone: Liberty 5-6700 Extension 63679 Telegrams: Monuments, Washington
Mediterranean Office American Embassy, Via Veneto, Rome
Telephone: 4674, Extension 277
Telegrams: Monuments, Rome
European Office 20 rue Quentin Bauchart
Philippine Office
American Military Cemetery,
Paris, 8e, France
Manila, P. I.
Telephone: Balzac 0700
Telephone : 5-02-12
Telegrams: Monuments, Paris
Telegrams: AMBAMCOM, Manila, P. I.
THE AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION Established by Congress March 1923
Membership (October 1961)
Jacob L. Devers, Chairman
Joseph C. Duke
Thomas C. Kinkaid, Vice Chairman
T. Harry Gatton
Leslie L. Biffle
Mrs. Charles G. Peters
Alexander A. Vandegrift
Sidney Salomon, Jr.
Charles E. Potter
Austin T. Walden
Carl Spaatz
Thomas North, Secretary
Former Members
John J. Pershing
1923-48
Edward C. Kalbfus 1947-53
Robert G. Woodside
1923-53
Harold A. Keats
1950-53
David A. Reed
1923-47
Joseph J. Foss
1953-55
J. P. B. Clayton Hill
1923-41
George C. Marshall
1946-59
Thomas W. Miller
1923-26
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt
1953-60
Mrs. Frederic W. Bentley
1923-29
Mrs. Wendell L. Willkie
1953-61
D. John Markey
1923-53
Benjamin O. Davis
1953-61
Finis J. Garrett
1926-53
Forest A. Harness
1955-61
Mrs. Henry Fenimore Baker
1930-53
Edward F. McGinnis
1960-61
Burnet R. Maybank
1946-53
X. H. Price, Secretary
1923-38
Joseph C. Baldwin
1946-53
Consulting Architects Paul P. Cret (World War I program) Harbeson, Hough, Livingston & Larson (World War II program)
Consulting Landscape Architect Markley Stevenson (World War II program)
Consulting Sculptor Lee Lawrie (World War II program)
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1964 O - 733-738
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08524 9695
FLARE
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