USA > Iowa > Monroe County > The history of Monroe County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., a biographical directory of citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion > Part 1
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1800
Class 1627
Book : MeHa Copyright N.º.
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT.
THE
40 5 -2
65
HISTORY
OF
MONROE COUNTY,
IOWA,
CONTAINING
A history of the County, its Cities, Gotuns, Pep
A Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Vol. unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Monroe County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, &c.
ILLUSTRATED.
LIB,. COPYRIGHT No. 12:431 1878. A.GTON
ONGLESS
CITY OF
WASHING
CHICAGO : WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 1878.
FORT M846
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
15
ver Tage.moyne PRINTERS 118 & 120 MONROE S! ( CHICAGO CO
CONTENTS.
HISTORICAL.
PAGE.
History Northwest Territory ..
19
Geographical Position. 19 Early Explorations .. 20 Discovery of the Ohio .. 33
English Explorations and Set- tlements. 35
American Settlements 60
Division of the Northwest Ter- ritory. 66
Tecumseh and the War of 1812 70
Black Hawk and the Black
Hawk War.
74
Other Indian Troubles.
79
Present Condition of the North- War Record 229 west 86 Chicago. 95 Cavalry 244 Infantry. 233
Illinois. 257 Artillery. 247
Indiana .259
Iowa ....
.260
Michigan .263
Wisconsin .264 Minnesota .266
Nebraska. .267 History of Iowa :
Geographical Situation. 109 Population. 255
Topography 109
Drainage System 110
Rivers
111
Lakes
118
Springs
119
Prairies.
120
Geology .120 Climatology 137
Discovery and Occupation .. 139 Territory .147
Indians. 147
Pike's Expedition 151 Indian Wars 152
A Contested Election .. .... 395 Dairy Business .400
Swine Culture
401
A Prediction
.405
Fruit Culture
.405
Coal Fields. 406
Eclipse, 1869 411
Hanging of Garrett Thompson. 413
War Record
.120
Speculative and Prophetic ...... 432
Agricultural Society 435
How Pioneers Lived. .351 Albia .. 436
Melrose and Staceyville
.456
Organization 359 Population 457
Princeton. .361 Vote, 1876-7. 508
The Original Village Survey .. 262
Ilistory of Monroe County :
Mantua Township ..... 363 The First Post Office .............. 361 County Name Changed ... ..... .. 364 Early Expressions of Opinion .. 364 County Seat Contest .. .365
A Reminiscence of Slavery ..... 371 Somewhat Statistical .. .375
Early Marriages. .376
376
Fish Ilatching Establishment .. 203
Early Claim Laws
Public Lands
204
The First Mill
377
Public Schools ...
218
Later Courts ....
377
Political Record.
223
Circuit Court ...
.. 378
Facts and Incidents. .. 378 Cedar Township. .. 383 Lovilia and Union Township .. 383 Fredrie and Pleasant Town- ship. ,384
County Government .. 384 County Commissioners. .. 385 County Judges. .3×5
First Supervisors. .. 385
Sheriffs
.386
Judges of Probite. .386 Clerks of District Court. ........ 386
District Judges. .. 386
Circuit Judges
.387
Prosecuting Attorneys .... ... 387
Recorders ...
.. 387
Treasurers. .... 387
County Auditors. .. 387 Legislative Representatives .... 387 Constitutional Conventions ..... 387 Press .. 387
Educational .. 392
Early Fiscal Business.
.. 391
Pioneers' Bills
.348
First Fourth of July Celebra-
~ tion .. 349
A Step Toward Independence.349 The First Election .. 350 The First Schoolhouse .... .. 350 The First Religions Services .... 350
The First Marriage 350
The First Death. .351 Boundary Question. 177 .. 351 Clarksville. State Organization 181
The First District Court. .. 35I Growth and Progress. 185
Agricultural College and Farmi.186
Urbana Township ..
.358
State University. 187
State Historical Society .. 193
Penitentiaries.
.194
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
Mouth of the Mississippi. 21
Wild Prairie. 23
La Salle Landing on the Shore of Green Bay 25 Buffalo Hunt 27 Big Eagle 80
Trapping 29
Hunting 32
Iroquois Chief 34
Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain ... 43 Lincoln Monument 87
Indians Attacking Frontiersmen ..
56
A Pioneer School House
88
A Prairie Storm.
59
PAGE.
History of Iowa :
Insane Hospitals. 195
College for the Blind. 197 Deaf and Dumb Institution .199
Soldiers' Orphans' Homes .199
State Normal School. 201
Asylum for Feeble Minded Children .. 201 Reform School
Miscellaneous 248
Promotions from lowa Reg- iments. 219 Number Casualties-Officers.250
Number Casualties-Enlist- ed Men 252
Number Volunteers.
254
Agricultural Statistics,
History of Monroe County
323
Physical Geography .332
Iowa as it was 334
Kishkekosh County. 336
W. G. Clark .340 Another Incident. .345 The First Man 346 The First White Woman .. 346 The First White Child 346
Black Hawk War 157 Indian Purchase, Reserves and Treaties 159 Spanish Grants 163 Half-Breed Tract .. 164 Early Settlements 166 Territorial History. 173
PAGE.
A Pioneer Dwelling. 61 Breaking Prairie 63
Tecumseh, the Shawanoe Chieftain 69
Indians Attacking a Stockade ... 72 Black Hawk, the Sae Chieftain ..... 75 Chicago in 1833. 95 Davenport, Iowa. 9] Old Fort Dearborn, 1830. 98
Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 Kinzie House 85
A Representative Pioneer. 86
Present Site Lake Street Bridge, Chicago, 1833 .. 98
Ruins of Chicago ..
104
View of the City of Chicago
106
Hunting Prairie Wolves ..
268
PAGE
Pioneers' First Winter 94 Source of the Mississippi 21
Great Iron Bridge of C., R. I. & P.
R. R., Crossing the Mississippi at
Too Late ....... 507
PAGE.
320 Geology 323
CONTENTS.
MONROE COUNTY VOLUNTEERS.
Infantry:
PAGE. Infantry :
PAGE.
Cavalry :
PAGE.
Sixth
422
Thirty-sixth
426
Eighth ..
424
Thirty-seventh ....
....... .... 430
Seventeenth
425
Twenty-second
425
Forty-sixth .. 430
BIOGRAPHICAL TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY.
PAGE.
Bluff Creek
.486
Jackson
491
Troy
459
Cedar.
.489
Mantua.
.480
Franklin 496
Guilford 498
Pleasant.
471
Wayne
.502
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Adoption of Children. .303
Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes .293
Commercial Terms.
.305
Lease
312
Married Women 298
Mortgages
.. 310
Marks and Brands
.300
Notice to Quit .. 309 Mechanics' Liens. 301
Notes. .306, 313
Orders.
306
Quit Claim Deed 315
Receipts
306
Wills and Codicils.
Warranty Deed.
314
309
Support of Poor
303
Taxes.
295
300
Wills and Estates.
293
Weights and Measures
305
Wolf Scalps
300
MISCELLANEOUS.
PAGE.
Map of Monroe County. . Front.
Constitution of United States ......... 269
Vote for President, Governor and Congressmen, .283
Practical Rules for Every-Day Use .. 284
United States Government Land
Measure ..
.287
Population of the United States ..... 291
PAGE.
Surveyor's Measure ..... 288 Population of Fifty Principal Cities
How to Keep Accounts .
.288
Interest Table.
289
Miscellaneous Table
289
Names of the States of the Union
Population of the Principal Coun-
and their Significations
290
tries in the World.
292
Population of Monroe County ........ 457
..... 431
Eighth
Union. 504
Urbana. .483
Surveyors and Surveys .. .303
Suggestions to Persons Purchasing Books by Subscription. 319
Estrays
299
Forms :
Articles of Agreement
.. 307
Fences
Bills of Sale .308 Interest.
Bond for Deed 315
Bills of Purchase
.. 306
Forms:
Chattel Mortgage
.. 314
Confession of Judgment .......
.,306
Landlord and Tenant .. 304
Capital Punishment. 298
Charitable, Scientific and Religious Associations. 316
Descent .293
Damages from Trespass .. .300
Exemptions from Execution 298
.293
Intoxicating Liquors ..
.. 317
Jurisdiction of Courts
297
Jurors 297
Limitation of Actions
297
PAGE.
PAGE.
First .
432
Monroe
477
Roads and Bridges
.302
PAGE.
of the United States ... .291 Population and Area of the United States .. 292
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12
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.
When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the "New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old "Northwestern Territory."
In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States.
Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe.
For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- vest has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States.
(19)
20
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
EARLY EXPLORATIONS.
In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries.
In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots ( Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result ; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac.
During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied -as all others did then-that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a
SOURCE OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
P00000000
BRIGHAM
MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
21
22
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- dition, prepared for the undertaking.
On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thenee up the Fox River and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- quette was delighted to find a beautiful eross planted in the middle of the town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were now upon the bosom of the Father of Waters. The mystery was about to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of
23
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand "reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors.
THE WILD PRAIRIE.
On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course
-
24
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point to the lakes. "Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, " did we see such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and reported their discovery-one of the most important of the age, but of which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the mouth of a stream-going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan-he asked to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, he retired a short distance and began his devotions. · As much time passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefully passed away while at prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been called Marquette.
While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin.
After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of those ages-a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, dim but gigantie. Frontenae entered warmly into his plans, and saw that LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- measured power to Franee, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized.
LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev-
25
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans " of the French, where he found a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors.
LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY.
started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men-thirty working men and three monks-and started again upon his great undertaking.
By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by the Indians, "Theakeke," wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. "Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment
26
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi, that is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. He called this fort " Crevecœur " (broken-heart), a name expressive of the very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered.
While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a bad season of the year. He safely reached Cana da, and set out again for the object of his search.
Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecœur on the last of February, 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies." Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony
27
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages. Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen,
LUMLEY.DEL.
N.ORA~CO.SD.
BUFFALO HUNT.
headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior; and with these fellow- countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the borders of civilized life in November. 1680, just after LaSalle had returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went to France, where he published an account of his adventures.
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