USA > Iowa > Jackson County > History of Jackson County, Iowa; Volume I > Part 7
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May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on board the steamer Ione, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, Des Moines. The Ione was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River at this point. The troops and store landed at what is now the foot of Court avenue, Des Moines, and Captain Allen returned in the steamer to Fort Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time they too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its confluence with the Des
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY
Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the arrival of the troops, a trad- ing post was established on the east side of the river, by two noted Indian traders named Ewing and Ohio.
Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer and others.
The western states have been settled by many of the best and most enterpris- ing men of the older states, and a large immigration of the best blood of the old world, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy peculiarly western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civilization of the west, and been the foun- ders of great states, none have ranked higher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, privation, and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous commonwealth which today dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter of people. From her first settlement and from her first or- ganization as a territory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been able and widely influential ; and in all professions, arts, enterprises and industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has taken and holds a front rank among her sister states of the West.
REGISTER OF THE TERRITORY OF IOWA.
TERRITORIAL OFFICERS.
Governors.
Robert Lucas, appointed 1838.
John Chambers, appointed 1841.
James Clarke, appointed November, 1845.
Secretaries.
William B. Conway, appointed 1838; died in office, November, 1839.
James Clarke, appointed 1839.
O. H. W. Stull, appointed 1841.
Samuel J. Burr, appointed 1843.
Jesse Williams, appointed 1845.
Territorial Auditors. Office created January 7, 1840.
Jesse Williams, appointed January 14, 1840.
William L. Gilbert, appointed January 23, 1843 ; reappointed February 27, 1844.
Robert M. Secrest, appointed 1845.
Territorial Treasurers. Office created January 24, 1839.
Thornton Bayless, appointed January 23, 1839.
Morgan Reno, appointed 1840.
Territorial Agents. Office created January 14, 1841 ; abolished May 29, 1845.
Jesse Williams, appointed January 15, 1841.
John M. Colman, appointed in 1842; reappointed February 15, 1843, and Feb- ruary 12, 1844.
Anson Hart, appointed in 1844 or 1845.
Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Office created February 12, 1841 ; abolished March 9, 1842. William Reynolds, appointed in 1841.
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY
Commissioners to Locate the Seat of Government at Iowa City. Under act approved January 21, 1839. .
Chauncey Swan, appointed January 18, 1839. John Rolands, appointed January 18, 1839. Robert Ralston, appointed January 18, 1839. Legislated out of office January 14, 184I. Supreme Court. Charles Mason, chief justice, 1838 to 1846. Joseph Williams, associate justice, 1838 to 1846.
Thomas S. Wilson, associate justice, 1838 to 1846.
Thornton Bayless, clerk, 1838 to 1839.
George S. Hampton, clerk, 1839 to 1846.
Eastin Morris, reporter, 1843 to 1846. District Attorneys for the Territory.
Isaac Van Allen, appointed 1838.
Charles Weston, appointed 1840.
John D. Deshler, appointed 1843. Edward Johnston, Fort Madison ; appointed 1845 and 1846. Marshals.
Francis Gehon, appointed 1838.
Thomas Johnson, appointed 184I.
Isaac Leffler, appointed 1842.
Gideon S. Bailey, Van Buren county ; appointed in 1845 and 1846. Delegates in Congress.
William W. Chapman, in Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses. Francis Gehon. (Elected in 1839, but appears never to have acted as delegate.) Augustus C. Dodge, in the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses.
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS OF IOWA.
FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.
Convened at Iowa City, October 7, 1844. Adjourned, November 1, 1844.
Lee County-Charles Staley, Alexander Kerr, David Galland, Calvin J. Price, James Marsh, John Thompson, Henry M. Salmon, O. S. X. Peck.
Des Moines County-James Clarke, Henry Robinson, John D. Wright, Shep- herd Leffler, Andrew Hooten, Enos Lowe, John Ripley, George Hepner. Van Buren County-Elisha Cutler, Jr., John Davidson, Paul Brattain, David Ferguson, Gideon S. Bailey, John Hale, Jr., Thomas Charlton.
Jefferson County-Robert Brown, Hardin Butler, Sulifand S. Ross, James I. Murray, Samuel Whitmore.
Henry County-Joseph C. Hawkins, George Hobson, John H. Randolph, Jonathan C. Hall, Joseph D. Hoag.
Washington County-Wm. R. Harrison, Enoch Ross, Caleb B. Campbell. Louisa County-John Brookbank, Wm. L. Toole, Wright Williams. Muscatine County-Jonathan E. Fletcher, Ralph P. Lowe, Elijah Sells. Johnson County-Robert Lucas, Samuel H. McCrory, Henry Felkner. Linn County-Thomas J. Mckean, Samuel W. Durham, Luman M. Strong. Cedar County-Samuel A. Bissell, James H. Gower. Scott County-James Grant, Andrew W. Campbell, Ebenezer Cook. Clinton County-Lyman Evans, Ralph R. Benedict.
Jones County-John Taylor.
Jackson County-Joseph S. Kirkpatrick, William Morden, Richard B. Wyckoff. Wapello County-William H. Galbraith, William W. Chapman. Davis County-J. C. Blankinship, Samuel W. McAtee.
Keokuk County-Richard Quinton.
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY
Mahaska County-Van B. Delashmutt, Stephen B. Shelledy.
Dubuque, Delaware, Black Hawk and Fayette Counties-Francis Gehon, Edward Langworthy, Theophilus Crawford, Stephen Hempstead, Samuel B. Olmstead, Michael O'Brien.
Shepherd Leffler, elected president October 7th.
George S. Hampton, elected secretary October 7th.
ยท The constitution adopted by this convention was rejected by the people at an election held on the 4th day of August, 1845, there being seven thousand, two hundred and thirty-five votes cast "for the constitution," and seven thousand, six hundred and fifty-six votes cast "against the constitution."
SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.
Convened at Iowa City, May 4, 1846. Adjourned May 19, 1846.
Lee County-David Galland, Josiah Kent, George Berry.
Des Moines-Enos Lowe, Shepherd Leffler, George W. Bowie.
Van Buren County-Thomas Dibble, Erastus Hoskins, William Steele.
Jefferson County-Sullifand S. Ross, William G. Coop.
Henry County-George Hobson, Alvin Saunders.
Davis County-John J. Selman.
Appanoose and Monroe Counties-Wareham G. Clark.
Wapello County-Joseph H. Hedrick.
Iowa, Marion, Polk and Jasper Counties-John Conrey.
Mahaska County-Stephen B. Shelledy.
Keokuk County-Sanford Harned.
Washington County-Steward Goodrell.
Louisa County-John Ronalds.
Muscatine County-J. Scott Richman.
Johnson County-Curtis Bates.
Linn and Benton Counties-Socrates H. Tryon.
Cedar County-Samuel A. Bissell.
Scott County-James Grant.
Clinton County-Henry P. Haun.
Jackson County-William Hubbell.
Jones County-Sylvester G. Matson.
Clayton County-David Olmstead.
Dubuque, Delaware, Buchanan, Fayette, Black Hawk Counties-Thomas McCraney, Francis K. O'Ferrall.
Enos Lowe, elected president May 4th.
William Thompson, elected secretary May 4th.
The constitution adopted by this convention was adopted by the people at an election held on the 3d day of August, 1846, there being nine thousand, four hun- dred and ninety-two votes cast "for the constitution" and nine thousand and thirty-six votes cast "against the constitution." This constitution was presented to Congress in December, 1846, and on the 28th of the same month an act was passed for the admission of Iowa into the Union. The first election for state officers was held on the 26th day of October, 1846, pursuant to proclamation of Governor James Clarke, when Ansel Briggs was elected governor; Elisha Cutler, Jr., secretary of state ; Joseph T. Fales, auditor, and Morgan Reno, treasurer.
THIRD CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.
Convened at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. Adjourned March 5. 1857. District I-Lee County-Edward Johnstone, William Patterson.
District 2-Lee and Van Buren County-Squire Ayers.
District 3-Van Buren County-Timothy Day.
District 4-Des Moines County-Jonathan C. Hall, Moses W. Robinson.
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY
District 5-Davis County-David P. Palmer.
District 6-Jefferson County-James F. Wilson.
District 7-Henry County-Rufus L. B. Clarke.
District 8-Wapello County-George Gillaspy.
District 9 -- Monroe, Lucas and Clarke Counties-John Edwards.
District 10-Appanoose, Wayne and Decatur Counties-Amos Harris.
District II-Fremont, Mills, Page, Taylor, Montgomery, Ringgold, Adams and Union Counties-Daniel H. Solomon.
District 12-Pottawattomie, Harrison, Shelby, Woodbury, Monona, Audu- bon, Crawford, Carroll, Calhoun, Sac, Ida, Cherokee, Buena Vista, Pocahontas, Palo Alto, Emmet, Clay, Dickinson, Osceola, O'Brien, Plymouth, Sioux and Bun- combe Counties-Daniel W. Price.
District 13-Louisa County-Francis Springer.
District 14-Washington County-David Bunker.
District 15-Keokuk County-Jeremiah Hollingsworth.
District 16-Mahaska County-James A. Young.
District 17-Marion County-Hiram D. Gibson.
District 18-Warren, Madison, Adair, Cass Counties-Lewis Todhunter.
District 19-Muscatine County-John A. Parvin.
District 20-Johnson and Jones Counties-William Penn Clarke.
District 21-Scott County-George W. Ells.
District 22-Cedar County-Robert Gower.
District 23-Clinton County-Aylett R. Cotton.
District 24-Linn County-Hosea W. Gray.
District 25-Linn, Benton, Black Hawk and Buchanan Counties-James C. Traer.
District 26-Poweshiek, Jasper, Marshall and Tama Counties-Harvey J. Skiff.
District 27-Polk, Dallas and Guthrie Counties-Thomas Seeley.
District 28-Jackson County-William A. Warren.
District 29-Jackson and Jones Counties-Albert H. Marvin.
District 30-Dubuque County-John H. Emerson.
District 31-Dubuque and Delaware Counties-John H. Peters.
District 32-Clayton County-Alpheus Scott.
District 33-Fayette, Bremer, Butler, Franklin, Grundy, Hardin, Wright, Webster, Boone, Story, Greene, Allamakee, Winneshiek and Humboldt Counties -Sheldon G. Winchester.
District 34-Howard, Chickasaw, Mitchell, Floyd, Worth, Cerro Gordo, Han- cock, Winnebago, Bancroft and Kossuth Counties-John T. Clark.
Francis Springer, elected president January 20th.
Thomas J. Saunders, elected secretary January 20th.
The constitution adopted by this convention was sanctioned by the people at an election held on the 3d day of August, 1857, there being forty thousand, three hundred and eleven votes cast "for the constitution," and thirty-eight thousand, six hundred and eighty-one votes cast "against the constitution," and took effect by proclamation of the governor September 3, 1857.
HOW IOWA CITY BECAME THE TERRITORIAL CAPITAL. (REID. )
One of the important matters which Governor Lucas, in his first message urged upon the attention of the legislature was the location of a permanent seat of government for the new territory. He had under the authority given him by the organic act, chosen Burlington as the temporary capital; but it was realized that, although settlements were as yet confined to a strip of territory closely con- tiguous to the Mississippi River, jurisdiction of the inchoate commonwealth ex-
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY
tended over a vast domain to the westward, whose future population would demand a location more central than any town on the river could be. It was very difficult to find any settlement at a distance from the river large enough to claim the distinction of being called a town. Then the rivalry of sections came in, as between north and south. The old country of "Demoine" had an overwhelming majority of population, but it soon became evident that Bloomington (Musca- tine) members were disposed to join forces with the representatives of the northern counties. Mount Pleasant, in Henry county, was the largest village in the territory not situated on the Mississippi River. It was represented in the assembly by two members in the council, and three of the house, one of whom was the speaker ; and they soon secured pledges from the southern members that seemed to make the selection of that town a certainty. The Burlington contin- gent seems to have given up pretentions for their own town early in the struggle, and, with two exceptions, supported Mount Pleasant loyally, even when tempted by flattering propositions for their own favor. Bloomington, however, was re- calcitrant and its district had strong men to lend their aid to their northern brethren, in the persons of General John Frierson, S. Clinton Hastings, William L. Toole, and Levi Thornton in the house, and James M. Clark in the council.
Record proceedings began on November 14th, when Colonel Cox moved that so much of the governor's message as relates to the establishing of the seat of government be referred to the committee on territorial affairs. But there ap- pears no report from that committee until the last day of the year, December 31, 1838, when they brought in a bill providing that Burlington should be the tem- porary capital for three years and that then Mount Pleasant should be the perma- nent capital. The bill being considered in committee of the whole, the Burling- ton provision was adopted without much opposition. Then came motions to strike out Mount Pleasant and insert something else. Twenty-eight different places were thus tried. Mr. Cox moved to insert Black Hawk, Scott county ; Mr. Now- lin moved to insert Bellevue; Mr. Summers moved to insert Comanche. And so the gamut was run. All the motions were lost and Mount Pleasant emerged from the committee of the whole triumphant.
The question then came before the house on concurrence with the report of the committee of the whole, and the contest was renewed. The first attack was on the first section of the bill, and Colonel Cox, with six others, voted to substi- tute Fort Madison for Burlington as temporary capital. Then Colonel Cox came forward with an entirely new solution for the problem, drawn, evidently, from his personal share in a similar contest twenty years before. Controversies over the location of seats of government were interesting incidents in the early legis- lation of nearly all of the new commonwealths which the invasion of the west was bringing into the American Union. The usual and expected result of such contests had been the choice of an established town, or at least a regularly sur- veyed town site with the nucleus of a settlement. But there had been a notable exception when the first general assembly of the State of Illinois, in 1818, had, through a board of commissioners, located its new state capital upon four sec- tions of unoccupied government land, and had given it the name of Vandalia.
Thomas Cox was a senator in the first general assembly of Illinois, and bore a part in the legislation which decreed that the seat of government should go into the wilderness, and the capital city be laid out in lots and sold to its future resi- dents by the state. Government land stretched in almost unlimited vastness be- yond the narrow fringe of settlements in Iowa Territory in 1838, as it had in Illinois in 1818; and, if a certain capital be desired, take a leaf from the book of Illinois, choose your plat of land and make one. Such were the thoughts, doubt- less, that prompted him to move to amend the second section of the bill as fol- lows : "Strike out Mount Pleasant, and insert 'Johnson, Linn, and Cedar coun- ties,' and that commissioners be appointed to locate the seat of government at the most eligible place in either of those counties." The motion received only eleven votes as against fourteen in opposition, but the idea was a fruitful one. It be-
1
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY
came clear that here was a rallying ground for all who were not entirely satisfied with Mount Pleasant, to defeat the aspirations of that place and also avoid favor- ing any other existing rival. Nothing more was done, however, in the house in furtherance of the scheme, but the struggle then proceeded on other lines. Mr. Hastings moved to strike out Burlington in the first section and insert Bloom- ington. Ten voted for it, including Cox.
Then a tempting bait was flung out to Burlington in Hardin Nowlin's mo- tion to make Burlington the permanent capital. Some of the Burlington mem- bers were true to their Mount Pleasant pledges and voted against this motion, but it received twelve votes, lacking only one of success. Another motion in- tervened, and then Hawkins Taylor, of Lee county, who had voted against Now- lin's motion, moved to reconsider that vote. The reconsideration carried, and the Nowlin amendment was adopted by fourteen to eleven. Let us glance at this vote and its geographical divisions. Ayes for Burlington : Bankson, Cox, Now- lin, Swan (Dubuque) ; Roberts (Cedar) ; Frierson, Hastings, Toole, Thornton (Muscatine) ; Taylor (Lee); Bailey, Hall (Van Buren) ; Beeler, Blair (Des Moines). Noes for Mount Pleasant: Patterson, Brierly, Price (Lee) : Parker (Van Buren) ; Delashmutt, Grimes, Temple (Des Moines) ; Summers (Clin- ton and Scott) ; Coop, Porter, Wallace, the speaker, (Henry). The changes from the first vote on the Nowlin amendment were that Hawkins Taylor, of Lee, and James Hall, of Van Buren, now voted for it. But the end was not yet. Mr. Taylor now moved that the bill be referred to a select committee of one from each electoral district, which motion was carried by fourteen to eleven. Mr. Cox voted aye, but the personnel of the vote was quite different from the former one. Colonel Bankson became the Dubuque Jackson representative on the select committee. The legislature held its regular session on New Year's day, January I, 1839, and the select committee voted back the bill "with amendments." The journal does not record what the amendments were, but the plain inference is that the committee, which had been appointed by Speaker Wallace, who was a Mount Pleasant man, reported back the orignal plan of Mount Pleasant for per- manent and Burlington for temporary capital. The report was adopted by thir- teen to eleven, and then a motion to amend by making Burlington the permanent capital was rejected by the same vote. G. S. Bailey and James Hall, of Van Buren, and George H. Beeler, of Des Moines, had repented over night and re- versed their votes of the night before.
Other routine and dilatory motions followed until the bill finally passed by the same thirteen to eleven. Then Hardin Nowlin moved to amend the title of the bill to read: "A bill to establish two seats of government and to squander the appropriation for erecting public buildings." Six dilatory motions with three roll calls followed, then Nowlin's motion was lost by six to seventeen. The ayes were Cox, Hastings, Nowlins, Roberts, Taylor, and Toole.
The contest was now transferred to the council, and it became at once evident that the leaven of Colonel Cox's suggestion had worked its full effect on that body, and that a fully detailed plan had received the sanction of all except the members from Henry and Van Buren counties. On the morning of January 2d, the council received a message from the house that it had passed, among other bills, "An act to locate the seat of government of the territory of Iowa." Hon. James M. Clark, of Louisa county (Muscatine district), and Hon. Stephen Hempstead, of Dubuque, assumed direction of the new plan, and it was first advanced by a motion of Mr. Clark to strike out the second section of the bill. The vote on this motion dsclosed the full strength of both factions in the coun- cil, and was as follows: Yeas: Clark (Muscatine district) ; Hempstead, Lewis (Dubuque) ; Hepner, Inghram, Ralston (Des Moines) ; Parker (Scott) ; Whit- tlesey (Cedar, etc.) ; Browne (Lee)-nine. Nays: Hughes, Payne, (Henry) ; Heith, Swazy (Van Buren)-4.
Then Mr. Hempstead moved to insert a new second section, which, after several verbal changes, read as follows: "Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, that the
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY
commissioners hereinafter mentioned or a majority of them, shall, on the first day of May, in the year eighteen hundred and thirty-nine, meet at the town of Napoleon and proceed to locate the seat of government at the most eligible point within the present limits of Johnson county."
This was adopted by the same nine to four vote previously recorded. The section at first proposed by Mr. Hempstead provided that the location should be within twenty townships named, which would have included the southern tier of townships in Linn county. Mr. Clark moved to strike out the limits men- tioned, and to insert "within the present limits of Johnson county," which was carried by ten to three, Mr. Hempstead himself voting for it, as did also Mr. Keith, one of the Mount Pleasant adherents. The Henry county members ex- hausted every parliamentary device, and tested the endurance of the majority by roll calls on amendments at every stage of progress of the bill; but the stal- wart nine held their ground without a break in their ranks, the bill was perfected to six sections, then referred to the committee on territorial affairs and laid over until the next day. On January 3d the committee reported back the bill with an additional section, which was concurred in. Other efforts were made by the Mount Pleasant men to amend or delay its passage, but the final roll call secured ten votes, Mr. Keith of Van Buren having joined the majority.
The house took up the bill as amended by the council on the same day, made me slight changes in verbiage, and then passed it by the bare majority of thir- teen to twelve. As compared with the vote of January Ist when Mount Pleasant won by thirteen to eleven, she now lost the votes of George Beeler, of Des Moines, and Laurel Summers, of Scott, and gained that of Wm. Patterson, of Lee, who had been absent on the first.
When the bill came to Governor Lucas for approval, he pointed out defects which he suggested could be cured by a supplementary act, and withheld his approval until the legislature should thus perfect their work. "A bill supple- mentary to an act to locate the seat of government for Iowa," was therefore introduced in the house on the 15th of January. It provided that, so soon as the place shall be selected and the consent of the United States obtained, the com- missioners shall proceed to lay out a town; that, after a plat of the town shall have been recorded, the governor shall direct a sale of lots to be held under direction of the commissioners, the proceeds of which shall go into the territorial treasury, to be expended as may be directed by law ; that the acting commissioner shall give bonds; that the governor shall apply to Congress for a donation of four sections of land, and other provisions. During the consideration, Colonel Cox moved to insert in the first section, after the word "town," the words, "to be called Iowa City," and the motion carried. Thus was Thomas Cox responsible not only for the idea which bore fruit in the selection of a site for the terri- torial capital upon unoccupied government land, but it was he, also, who gave the legislative bantling city a name. The supplementary act was passed by a vote of sixteen to nine, Cox in the negative. The opposition probably represented, to some extent, resentment towards the dictation of the governor.
On the 17th of January, the two houses met in joint convention to elect the three locating commissioners, one from each judicial district. For the Third dis- trict, Colonel Cox put in nomination his colleague, Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque, and he was elected by twenty-nine votes against nine scattering. For the Second district, John Ronalds, of Louisa county, was elected on the first ballot. For the First district, five candidates were put in nomination. Four ballots were taken without results. The fifth ballot stood: Robert Ralston, of Des Moines county, twenty-three votes; John Claypool, thirteen; "Colonel Cox," one. The original and supplementary acts were both finally approved by the governor, January 21, 1839.
The lamented Dr. Theodore S. Parvin, to whom Iowa is more indebted than to any other individual for the preservation of facts relating to its early history, has made a single error in writing about the part borne by Colonel Cox in this
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