USA > Iowa > Lucas County > History of Lucas County, Iowa containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc > Part 61
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COMPANY K.
Wm. Boyle, captain, commissioned October 15, 1862. John O. Coles, first lieutenant, commissioned October 15, 1862. John Chaney, second lieutenant, commissioned October 15, 1862.
Amrah Day, first sergeant, enlisted July 30, 1862, died January 19, 1863; Thos. J. Musselman, second sergeant, enlisted August 5, 1862, dis- charged March 30, 1863, for disability; James Stanley, third sergeant, enlisted August 7, 1862, discharged March 17, 1863; Wm. Waterhouse, fourth sergeant, enlisted August 8, 1862, died March 22, 1863, of disease; Alva Boylan, fifth sergeant, enlist July 30, 1862; Wm. Coulter, first cor- poral, enlisted July 19, 1862, discharged March 20, 1863, disability; Silas Wells, second corporal, enlisted August 9, 1862, died at Chariton, Novem- ber 4, 1862; Wm. H. Maple, third corporal, enlisted August 1, 1862, dis- charged April 10, 1863, disability; Wm. A. Sanderson, fourth corporal, enlisted July 19, 1862, discharged March 17, 1863, disability; Chris. C. Fletcher, fifth corporal, enlisted August 6, 1862; Irving Parmenter, sixth corporal, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged March 13, 1863, disability; Samuel M. Fansher, seventh corporal, enlisted July 21, 1862, died Febru- ary 8, 1863; James Tont, eighth corporal, enlisted August 9, 1862, trans- ferred January 15, 1864, to invalid corps; Napoleon B. Douglass, musi- cian, enlisted July 30, 1862; John H. Wells, musician, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged March 23, 1863, disability; Truman A. Story, wagoner, enlisted August 9, 1862 died, January 17, 1863, disease.
Privates .-. D. W. B. Anderson, enlisted August 2, 1862, discharged February 20, 1863, disability; Ephraim Badger, enlisted August 9, 1863; Samuel Badger, enlisted August 4, 1862; John D. Barnard, enlisted August 2, 1862, discharged March 13, 1863, disability; Wm. D. Barnard, enlisted Avgust 9, 1862; Abraham Bechtol, enlisted August 11, 1862, died January 22, 1863, disease; Jared Bechtol, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged April 20, 1863, disability; James Boylan, enlisted August 5, 1862, discharged March 11, 1863, disability; Isaac Brown, enlisted August
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. HISTORY OF LUCAS COUNTY.
9, 1862, discharged March 30, 1863, disability; Isaiah Brown, enlisted August 9, 1862, transferred August 1, 1863, to invalid corps; Sol. E. Car- michael, enlisted August 4, 1862, discharged May 23, 1863, disability; Cyrus C. Critchfield, enlisted August 9, 1862; Harvey L. Carson, enlisted August 3, 1862, died February 16, 1863, disease; T. Park Cain, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged March 17, 1863, disability; Geo. B. Colver, enlisted August 9, 1862, died February 6, 1863, disease; Evin O. Cox, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged February 20, 1863, disability; David S. Crowley, enlisted August 9, 1862;' Harrison D. Crowder, enlisted August 3, 1862; John S. Dill, enlisted August 3, 1862; Zaddock Dawson, enlisted August 9, 1862, died February 9, 1863, disease; Thomas Dawson, enlisted July 30, 1862; Moses R. Daugherty, enlisted August 5, 1863; Thompson East, enlisted August 5, 1862, discharged March 11, 1863, disability; Wm. A. Evans, enlisted August 9, 1862, died March 18, 1863, disease; James B. Edwards, enlisted August 1, 1862, discharged January 20, 1863, disability; Jackson Ford, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged July 27, 1863, disability; Abram Goodpasture, enlisted July 23, 1862; Zebulon J. Gray, enlisted August 9, 1862, died August 6, 1864, disease; Joseph H. C .¿ Gray, enlisted August 1, 1862; Wm. Hall, enlisted August, 8, 1862; James Holbrook, enlisted August 12, 1862, dis- charged February 23, 1863, disability ; Joseph R. Larimer, enlisted August 1, 1862; Francis M. Long, enlisted August 19, 1862; James A. Long, enlisted August 9, 1862; Charles A. Long, enlisted August 12, 1862; John C. Mace, enlisted August 1, 1862; James Marsh, enlisted August 9, 1862, died at Burlington, Iowa, October 30, 1862; Isaac March, enlisted July 23, 1862; Ransom A. Mitchell, enlisted August 9, 1862, wounded July 1, 1863; Thomas W. Mitchell, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged March, 17, -- , disability; L. R. Moore, enlisted August 2, 1862, wounded and died January 14, 1863; Daniel Morehead, enlisted July 23, 1862; Wm. W. Morehead, enlisted August 2, 1862; Geo. W. McVey, enlisted July 23, 1862, wounded, and discharged January 30, 1864; Samuel A. Nettleton, enlisted August 2, 1862, died November 22, 1862, disease; Gabrial Perkins, enlisted August 9, 1862; Daniel Phillips, enlisted August 2, 1862, died October 6, 1863, disease; James Ratliffe, enlisted August 9, 1862, died March 4, 1863, disease; Enos Reed, enlisted August 9, 1862; David V. Reed, enlisted August 9, 1862, captured September 9, 1863, in action; John L. Roberts, enlisted July 26, 1862; Thomas L. Roberts, enlisted July 26, 1862, discharged April 30, 1863, disability; Reuben C. Roberts, enlisted July 26, 1862, died at Burlington, October 22, 1862, Jacob E. Robe, enlisted August 3; 1862; Truman W. Rhodes, enlisted July 24, 1862, discharged March 25, 1863, disability; Hugh Rungan, enlisted August 5, 1862, died December 14, 1862, of disease; Abel Savage, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged February 20, 1863; Isaac W. Sals-
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bury, enlisted August 9, 1862; James Sowder, enlisted August 4, 1862; Jacob Seward, enlisted August 9, 1862; John B. Seward, enlisted August 9, 1862, died December 25, 1863, of disease; Geo. E. Sharp, enlisted Aug. 7, 1862; David N. Simmons, enlisted August 8, 1862; Levi Sim- mons, enlisted August 8, 1862; Lindsay Stanley, enlisted August 9, 1862, transferred July 15, 1864, to invalid corps; Lewis Stoneking, enlisted July 22, 1862, died April 2, 1863, of disease; James C. Stockton, enlisted August 2, 1862, discharged March 26, 1863, disability; Thos. L. Strong, enlisted August 9, 1862; Adam S. Slagle, enlisted January 1, 1864, died February 29, 1864; Wm. Hughes, enlisted December 25, 1863, died October 14, 1864; Cyrus Larimer, enlisted December 30, 1863, died September 23, 1864; Robert P. Tilford, enlisted July 26, 1862, discharged June 10, 1863, disability; Joseph F. Tingley, enlisted August 9, 1862; Alexander Van Meter, enlisted August 2, 1862, discharged April 20, 1863, disability; George W. Wise, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged March 19, 1863, disability; George M. Warrington, enlisted August 5, 1862; James Web- ster, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged May 23, 1863, disability; Martin Webb, enlisted August 5, 1862; Joseph C. Wetter, enlisted July 26, 1862; Francis M. Wheeler, enlisted July 28, 1862, died February 6, 1863, of dis- ease; Clark W. M. Whitton, enlisted August 2, 1862; John D. Young, enlisted July 30, 1862, discharged March 11, 1863, disability.
COMPANIES UNKNOWN.
George J. Bozlan, enlisted December 31, 1863; Michael H. Buck, enlisted January 4, 1864; R. L. Cunningham, enlisted December 30, 1863; Simon Cross, enlisted January 4, 1864; Linas S. Dunlap, enlisted Janu- ary 4, 1864; Cyrus Larimer, enlisted December 30, 1863; Sanford G. Lewis, enlisted December 19, 1863; Adams Slagle, enlisted January 1, 1864; Allen Jacobs, enlisted December 19, 1863; Ezra E. Osborn, enlisted January 4, 1864; Enoch Pierce, enlisted December 25, 1863; William H. Tout, enlisted December 30, 1863.
THIRTY SIXTH INFANTRY.
COMPANY F.
Thomas A. Duck worth, sixth corporal, enlisted August 9, 1862; wounded April 4, 1864; Martin L. Landis, musician, enlisted August 9, 1862.
Privates-John M. Collett, enlisted August 9, 1862; John L. Clouser, enlisted August 2, 1862, captured April 25, 1864, Arkansas; John L. Duck- worth, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged at Keokuk, February 11, 1863; Robert Etheridge, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged February 20, 1863, disability; James C. Evans, enlisted August 9, 1862, died August 6, 1864, of disease; John R. May, enlisted August 9, 1862, discharged January 28, 1863, disability; Greenberry Owen, enlisted August 9, 1862, wounded and captured April 25, 1864, discharged December 26, 1864; Andrew B.
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Prather, enlisted August 9, 1862, died November 1, 1863, consumption; Luther C. Roland, enlisted August 9, 1862, died August 19, 1863.
THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.
COMPANY G.
Privates-Thomas Haskins, enlisted September 12, 1862; Thomas F. Keeling, enlisted September 9, 1862, discharged May 12, 1863, disability.
COMPANY H. Privates-John S. Davenport, enlisted October 4, 1862.
THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY. COMPANY D.
Solomon B. Delk, seventh corporal, enlisted August 11, 1862, taken prisoner December 30, 1862; John W. Parr, private, enlisted August 11, 1862; David R. Parr, private, enlisted August 14, 1862, died of black · fever at Corinth, February 1, 1863.
FIRST CAVALRY. COMPANY F.
Thomas S. Kendall, private, enlisted August 18, 1862.
COMPANY H.
William S. Whisenand, commissioned second lieutenant September 23, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant July 10, 1862.
Allen W. Knight, quartermaster sergeant, enlisted June 13, 1861, died January 5, 1865, disease; David K. Webster, second sergeant, enlisted July 18, 1861; David I. Leffler, second sergeant, enlisted July 18, 1861, discharged July 13, 1864, disability; John B. Matson, fourth sergeant, enlisted July 18, 1861; George W. Hadman, fifth sergeant, enlisted July 13, 1861; John S. Birkhead, sixth sergeant, enlisted August 10, 1861; William O. Parmenter, farrier, enlisted July 18, 1861, discharged Sep- tember 1, 1862, disability.
Privates-Benjamin F. Gates, enlisted July 18, 1861; A. M. Leffler, enlisted July 18, 1861; Edwin H. Maydole, enlisted July 18, 1861, died September 11, 1863, disease; Henry M. Miller, enlisted July 18, 1861; Jacob B. Rhodes, enlisted June 13, 1861, discharged February 2, 1863, disability; Luman Story, enlisted July 18, 1861; Sidney Wells, enlisted July 18, 1861; Nelson M. Maydole, enlisted September 30, 1861; Thos. A. Matson, enlisted August 14, 1862; David F. White, enlisted August 16, 1862; Edward C. Douglass, enlisted December 24, 1863; James Fodge, enlisted December 24, 1863; Green W. Gable, enlisted December 19, 1863; Joseph L. Hall, enlisted December 19, 1863, wounded and dis- charged therefor, June 20, 1865; Thomas Jones, enlisted December 23, 1863; Anderson Lister, enlisted December 19, 1863, died July 21, 1864; John P. Ross, enlisted January 1, 1864.
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HISTORY OF LUCAS COUNTY.
FOLLOWING REPORTED UNASSIGNED TO ANY COMPANY.
Alvara B. French, enlisted February 25, 1864; Joseph Gardover; enlisted February 23, 1864; Benjamin A. Hale, enlisted February 9, 1864; John Lynch, enlisted February 23, 1864; Eurotus C. Lyman, enlisted February 24, 1864; Adam Lafolleet, enlisted February 13, 1864; John W. Mauk, enlisted January 19, 1864; Joseph W. Milner, enlisted February 22, 1864; Jacob Schell, enlisted February 13, 1864; Matthias Wagoner, enlisted February 22, 1864; John Wilson, enlisted February 25, 1864; Richard H. Watson, enlisted February 25, 1864; Francis M. Wimberly, enlisted February 25, 1864.
SECOND CAVALRY.
John J. Hall, enlisted December 28, 1863.
THIRD CAVALRY. COMPANY I. William B. Ramsey, private, enlisted January 19, 1864.
COMPANY K.
Jacob S. Rogers, private, enlisted January 19, 1864; Joseph E. Salyards, private, enlisted January 23, 1864.
COMPANY L.
Francis M. Connor, enlisted February 28, 1864; Samuel E. Webb, pri- vate, enlisted March 30, 1864.
FOURTH CAVALRY. COMPANY I.
Privates .- Griffith Gartin, enlisted December 21, 1863; James A. Lane, enlisted January 1, 1864; Lewis L. Lane, enlisted December 22, 1863, died February 10, 1864, disease; Chas. L. Lockie, enlisted December 16, 1263; died February 17, 1864, disease; Joseph H. Mercer, enlisted Jan- uary 15, 1864, died June 6, 1865, disease; John A. Mercer, enlisted December 16, 1863, died October 14, 1864, at Andersonville prison; John M. McCulley, enlisted December 29, 1863; Ira Ruby, enlisted December 22, 1863; William Swinney, enlisted January 4, 1864; William H. Tuttle, enlisted January 4, 1864; Guilford Tuttle, enlisted December 22, 1863.
SIXTH CAVALRY. COMPANY D.
John D. Hardin, first lieutenant, commissioned September 30, 1863; resigned January 11, 1865.
SEVENTH CAVALRY. COMPANY B.
Privates-John Dement, enlisted November 18, 1862; Lewis Tuttle, enlisted November 4, 1862, wounded June 14, 1865; Harvey Tuttle,
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enlisted January 15, 1863; William Tuttle, enlisted January 15, 1863; L. A. Tuttle, enlisted January 15, 1863.
COMPANY D.
Joseph H. Baker, second sergeant, enlisted March 10, 1863. James Baldwin, second corporal, enlisted April 8, 1863.
EIGHTH CAVALRY. COMPANY D.
Jacob D. Hardie, first lieutenant, commissioned September 30, 1863, promoted to Captain July 16, 1864.
Lorenzo D. Graham, second corporal, enlisted August 1, 1863.
Privates-Martin Douglas, enlisted July 25, 1863, captured July 30, 1864; Thomas Goodkin, enlisted August 17, 1863, captured July 30, 1864; E. F. Knight, enlisted July 3, 1863; W. M. Knight, enlisted July 3, 1863; Andrew P. Millner, enlisted July 27, 1863; Joseph Norris, enlisted July 2, 1863; T. W. Tillford, enlisted July 20, 1863, captured July 30, 1864, escaped April 25, 1865; Simeon B. Warford. enlisted August 14, 1863, died April 29, 1864, disease.
COMPANY F.
Henry Parker, fifth sergeant, enlisted June 24, 1863.
Joseph Overton, private, enlisted June 24, 1863, wounded and captured October 30, 1864, died of wounds May 19, 1865; George Swift, private, enlisted July 29, 1863.
COMPANY I.
Thomas S. Krutsinger, private, enlisted July 20, 1863.
COMPANY L.
Ira Dauner, fourth corporal, enlisted June 5, 1863; Alexander Lamb, private, enlisted June 1, 1863.
NINTH CAVALRY. COMPANY H.
Isaac J. Lefever, private, enlisted October 27, 1863; John W. Stone, private, enlisted October 27, 1863; George W. Talbott, private, enlisted October 27, 1863.
COMPANY L.
John B. Ables, private, enlisted July 14, 1863, died August 15, 1864. FIRST BATTERY.
James Piersol, private, enlisted December 19, 1863,
The volunteers of Lucas county were distributed mainly in the sixth, thirteenth, eighteenth and thirty-fourth, with a few scattered in the fourth, eighth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh and thirty-ninth infantry regiments; also in the first, fourth, seventh, eighth, and ninth cavalry regiments; aggregat-
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ing about seven hundred men credited to the county, all told, who went out in defense of their country and their homes, in the dark days of their peril. The sixth infantry, containing three companies-A, partially; B, com- pletely, and F, partially filled from this county-saw much severe service. It was in the battles of Shiloh where it suffered severe casualties. Sixty- four were killed, one hundred wounded and forty-seven missing. This regiment was also engaged in severe conflicts in its march on Jackson, Miss., suffering severe casualties. It was also engaged in the battle of Mission Ridge, in which several were killed, and a large number wounded. Also in the conflict at Resaca, Georgia; at Dallas, Georgia; at Big Shanty, Georgia; and Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, in May and June, 1864, the casualties were severe.
Lucas county had a representative in company I, of the eighth infantry, which was also in the battles of Shiloh; in the campaign of the lower Mississippi to Grand Gulf, thence in the campaign to the rear of Vicks- burg, engaged in the storming of Jackson. It suffered much loss during the Vicksburg campaign. August 21, 1864, the eighth infantry was also engaged in a conflict with the rebel Gen. Forrest at Memphis, in which it suffered severely in wounded and missing. It was engaged in action, resulting in the capture of Spanish Port, Alabama, April 8, 1865, suffering some loss.
Lucas county was represented in the thirteenth infantry by company C. This was the lamented Col. Crocker's regiment. It was engaged in many battles during the war, and made a noble record. It was in the two days' conflict at Shiloh. The loss of this regiment in the severe contest of April 6 and 7, 1862, was twenty-three killed, one hundred and thirty wounded. The thirteenth was also in the engagements before Atlanta, Georgia, July 21, 1864, in which it suffered a loss of seventeen enlisted men killed, and four officers and seventy-seven enlisted men wounded.
Company C, in the Eighteenth infantry, was mostly recruited in Lucas county. John Edwards, then of Chariton, was commissioned the first colonel of the Eighteenth, which continued under his command two years -until October, 1864, when he was promoted to brigadier general. The regiment was enlisted under the national call for 300,000 in 1862, ren- dezvoused at Clinton, Iowa, and mustered into the United States service August 6, 1862. The same month it joined Gen. Schofield's command in southwestern Missouri. Its first encounter with the rebel forces was at Newtonia, Missouri, where it drove in an advanced post, losing one killed and three wounded. After this brief campaign on the frontier, the Eighteenth returned to Springfield, Missouri, where it suffered from the measles, making the entire casualties ninety men. In January, 1863, Springfield was attacked by Marmaduke, which was held by the Eight- eenth Infantry, and a few hundred state militia; and after a severe engage-
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ment of a whole day, the rebel forces retreated, leaving 180 of their killed and wounded. The Eighteenth lost fifty killed and wounded, including Capt. Wm. R. Blue, of Company C, killed. On the 12th of April, 1864, the regiment participated in the battle of Prairie d'Anne, where it did fine service. Again near Poison Springs it went to the rescue of a large forage train, attacked by the rebel generals, Morey and Fagan, with six thousand strong, against less than five hundred. The Eighteenth was completely surrounded, but cut its way through the enemy's lines, after charging them seven times, and made its way to Camden, Missouri. The casualities in this engagement were eighty killed, wounded, and missing. April 30, the Eighteenth was engaged in . the battle of Jenkins' Ferry, at Saline river, under Gen. Steele. After this engagement, the regiment returned to Fort Smith, in May, 1864, making a march of 730 miles over mountains and through swamps, sub- sisting much of the time on raw corn, and wading, at times, whole days and nights in mud and water. While at Clarksville, Arkansas, Sergeant Vance, of Company C, of the Eighteenth, with twenty men in charge of a forage train near Clarksville, was attacked by forty rebels, whom he repulsed, and saved his train, with the loss of only one man, and inflicting a loss of two killed and one wounded upon the enemy. From Clarks- ville, the Eighteenth went to Fort Smith, where it did escort duty until June. Thence the regiment went to Little Rock, Arkansas, in July; from there to Davenport, where it was mustered out August 7, 1865, having performed three years and two days service to preserve the union, and cement it into a great and powerful Nation. It marched 4,160 miles dur- ing its period of service. Of the original number, about 400 returned for muster out.
The Thirty-fourth infantry contained three companies-E, F, and K -from Lucas county. This regiment rendezvoused at Burlington, and was mustered into the United States service, October 15, 1862. Its lieu- tenant-colonel was Warren S. Dungan, of Chariton. November 22, it embarked for Helena, Arkansas, where it remained until winter. In December it joined General Sherman's expedition against Vicksburg; and was engaged in the operations in December, 1862, at Chickasaw Bayou and Bluffs. Before this, the Thirty-fourth was at Brownsville, Texas; the Red River, Mobile, and other points. January 9, 1863, under command of General McClernand, of the thirteenth corps, they reached Arkansas Post, where the regiment suffered from small-pox. The battle of that place was fought the 10th and 11th of January, 1863, in which the Post was captured with five thousand prisoners. The Thirty-fourth regiment was detailed to guard these prisoners to Chicago. Afterward this regiment spent some time at Pilot Knob, Missouri, and was under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Dungan. In June, the regiment went to
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HISTORY OF LUCAS COUNTY.
Vicksburg and engaged in the siege of that city, where it remained until the surrender. It then moved up the Yazoo river and engaged in cap- turing Yazoo City, July 14, 1863. From here the regiment went to Port Hudson. After some perigrinations, the regiment reaches New Orleans, then went up the Red river and joins the celebrated Banks expedition, in April 1864; thence on retreat to Baton Rouge; thence to Mobile Bay, Alabama, where it was engaged in a siege against the forts at that point in which it suffered some loss. The regiment afterward was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth, and remained in the field until mustered out at the close of the war.
Lucas county was represented in the First, Fourth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth cavalry regiments of Iowa; though to no considerable extent, except in company H, of the First cavalry. This regiment first went into Missouri in January, in 1862, where much valuable service was rendered in checking the annoying guerrilla element, and scouting over the coun- try learning the location, strength, and movements of the enemy.
Among the first engagements participated in by the First cavalry, was that near Pleasant Hill, Cass county, Missouri, where a force of 200 guerrillas under the lead of Quantrell, who was attacked and completely routed by Major Gower's battallion, killing and wounding a large num- ber of the enemy and capturing considerable property. This. with a loss of only thirteen. .
This regiment next joined Gen. Blunt's forces in Arkansas, and made the attack in the battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas. The regiment did good service in that engagement, suffering some loss. It was also in an engagement at Brownsville, Arkansas, where it sustained severe casual- ties in killed, wounded and missing. Also at Princeton, Arkansas, they had a spirited engagement, routed the enemy, and captured thirty-nine prisoners. On the 10th of September, 1863, the first cavalry led the advance in the engagement at Little Rock, Arkansas, which resulted in the occupation of the city at sunset. During this entire day's engage- ment the First was in the extreme front, pressing the enemy to the wall. The loss was.slight. The regiment remained at Little Rock. This closed 1863. About this time there being a vacancy in the field offices, Capt. Wm. S. Whisenand, of company H, from Lucas county, was pro- moted to major. In January, 1864, this regiment was in the engagement at Camden, occupying the town, and capturing several rebel officers and soldiers. The First next went to Memphis for duty, against the rebel Gen. Forrest. In March it went to Mississippi with an expedition under Gen. Shanks, returning to Memphis March 22, 1865, and on the 3d of April following, it remained in west Tennessee, scouting, killing guerrillas, rob- bers and thieves who infested that section. The war being now virtually 16
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ended, the first cavalry expected to be mustered out, but while indulging in this hope, an order came from Gen. Grant, requiring the regiment to proceed to Texas. It embarked for Alexander, Louisiana, June 15, 1865, and reported to Gen. Custer. From thence it went to Hempstead, Texas, arriving there August 26. It remained hereabouts until October, when it marched to Austin, reaching there in November. On the 15th of February, 1866, the First Iowa cavalry was ordered to be mustered out of the service, and left Austin, Texas, for Davenport, Iowa, that month, reaching the latter place March 13, 1866. The records show serious charges made against Gen. Custer for the inhuman manner in which he treated this brave veteran regiment during its Texan campaign.
The military record of Lucas county during the Rebellion is a good one-one worthy of an intelligent, patriotic people; and one which his- tory will keep bright through time to come.
CRIMINAL HISTORY.
There has been no part of the habitable globe free from crime since Cain murdered his brother Abel. Thus, it has been transmitted from age to age, from land to land, and from generation to generation. Man is prone to evil, says some one, somewhere, and it is only through cultivated influences that this inborn evil is held in subjection. Laws, civilization, education, the church, and society are foremost among these influences which hold at bay, so far as may be, the evil in man, and cultivates his higher nature, gives scope to his nobler impulses. The more general, and the more thorough these moralizing influences are exerted, the less crime there is among us. Rare is the human being, however hardened he may have become, who has no tender spot in his nature. The most abject have sensibilities which are susceptible of being attuned for good or evil. Hence, where moral influences and restraint do not permeate and sur- round the human family, and influence their ways of life upon the higher and better plane of conduct, they will too often sink to the lower.
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