USA > Iowa > Mills County > History of Mills County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc. > Part 35
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The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," after Charles the Ninth of France.
Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first established a colony there in 1732.
Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the Mississippi which forms its western boundary.
Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river."
Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa, " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel."
Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men."
Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.
Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly applies to the river that flows through it.
Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.
Cortes named California.
Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills."
Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long River."
Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of England.
New York was named by the Duke of York.
Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William Penn, its orignal owner.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
291
Delaware after Lord De La Ware.
New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel.
Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.
Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green Mountain.
New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was formerly called Laconia.
The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble.
Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States ..
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Total Population.
CITIES.
Aggregate Population.
Alabama ...
996,992
Arkansas.
484,471
California
560,247
Connecticut
537,454
Delaware ..
125,015
Florida ..
187,748
Georgia ..
1.184,109
Illinois ..
2,539,891
Indiana.
1,680,637
Baltimore, Md.
267,354
lowa ..
1,191,792
Boston, Mass.
250,526
Kansas ..
364.399
Cincinnati, Ohio.
216,239
Kentucky.
1,321,011
New Orleans, La.
191,418 149,473
Maine ..
626,915
Buffalo, N. Y ..
117,714
Maryland.
780,894
Washington, D. C.
109,199
Massachusetts ....
1,457,351
Newark, N. J.
105,059
Minnesota
Cleveland, Ohio.
92,829
Mississippi.
Pittsburg, Pa ..
86,076
Missouri ..
1,721,295
Jersey City, N. J
82,546
Nebraska.
122,993
Detroit, Mich ...
79,577
Nevada .
42.491
Milwaukee, Wis.
71,440
New Jersey.
Providence, R. I.
62,386
North Carolina.
1,071,361
Allegheny, Pa ...
53,180 51.038
Rhode Island
217,353
Indianapolis, Ind.
48,244
Troy, N. Y ..
46,465
Tennessee .
1,258,520
Texas .
818,579
Worcester, Mass.
41,105
Virginia ..
1,225,163
West Virginia ..
442,014
Wisconsin
1,054,670
Total States.
38.113,253
Reading, Pa ..
33,930
Paterson, N. J.
33,579
Kansas City, Mo.
32,260
Colorada.
39,864
Dakota
14,181
District of Columbia.
131.700
Idaho
14,999
Montana.
20,595
Wilmington, Del.
30,841
New Mexico.
91,874
Utah
86,786
Washington
23,955
Utica, N. Y.
28.804
Wyoming ..
9.118
Total Territories.
442,730
Lynn. Mass.
28,233
Total United States
38,555.983
POPULATION OF FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES.
New York, N. Y.
942,292
Philadelphia, Pa.
674,022
Brooklyn, N. Y.
396,099
St. Louis, Mo ..
310,864
Chicago, Ill.
298.977
Louisiana
726,915
San Francisco, Cal.
Michigan.
Louisville, Ky.
100,753
New Hampshire.
318.300
Albany, N. Y ..
69,422 68.904
Ohlo.
2,665.260 90.923
New Haven, Conn. ...
50,840 48,956
Pennsylvania.
3,521,791
Charleston, S. C ..
South Carolina.
705,606
Syracuse, N. Y.
43,051
Vermont.
330.551
Lowell, Mass ..
40,928 40.226
Cambridge, Mass.
39,634
Hartford, Conn
37,180
Scranton, Pa.
35,092
Arizona ..
9.658
Mobile, Ala ....
32,034
Toledo, Ohio.
31,584 31,413
Columbus, Ohio.
31,274
Dayton, Ohio ..
30,473
Lawrence, Mass
28,921
Charlestown, Mass
28.323
Savannah, Ga.
28,235
Fall River, Mass.
26,766
New York.
4,382.759
Rochester, N. Y.
Richmond, Va ...
Oregon ..
1,184,059 439.706 827,922
906,096
Memphis, Tenn.
Portland, Me.
292
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area in square Miles.
POPULATION.
Miles R. R. 1872.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area in square Mlles.
1870.
1875.
1872.
States.
States.
Alabama ..
50,722
996,992
1,671
Pennsylvania.
46,000
3,521,791
5,113
Arkansas ..
52,198
484,471
25
Rhode Island ..
1,306
217,353
258,239
136
California
188,981
560,247
1,013
South Carolina
29,385
705,606
925,145
1,201
Connecticut.
4.674 2.120
537,454
820
Tennessee.
45,600
1,258,520
1,520
Florida
59,268
187,748
466
Georgia.
58,000
1,184.109
2,108
Virginia.
40,904
1,225, 163
1,490
West Virginia.
23,000
442,014
'485
Wisconsin
53,924
1,054.670
1,236,729
1,725
55,045 1,191.792
1,350,544
3.160
Kansas.
81,318
364,399
528,349
Total States.
1,950,171 38,113,253
59,587
Maine ...
31,776
626,915
871
Arizona
113,916
9,658
Maryland
11,184
780,894
820
Colorado.
104,500
39,864
392
Michigan*
56,451
1,184,059 1,334,0311
2,235
Dist. of Columbia.
60
131,700
Minnesota.
83,531
439,706
598,429
1,612
Idaho ..
90,932
14,999
Montana.
143.776
20,595
Nebraska.
75,995
123,993
246,280
828
Utah.
80,056
86,786
375
New Hampshire.
9,280
318.300
790
Wyoming
93,107
9,118
498
New Jersey
8.320
906,096 1,026,502
1,265
Total Territories.
965,032
442,730
1,265
Ohio
39,964 2,665,260
3,740
Oregon
95,244
90,9231
159
* Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874.
* Included In the Railroad Mileage of Maryland.
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD;
POPULATION AND AREA.
COUNTRIES.
Population.
Date of Census.
Area in Square Miles.
Inhabitants to Square Mile.
CAPITALS.
Population.
China
446,500,000
1871
3,741,846
119.3
Pekin.
1,648,800
British Empire.
226,817,108
1871
4,677,432
48.6
London.
3,251,800
Russia ..
81,925,400
1871
8,003,778
10.2
St. Petersburg.
667,000
United States with Alaska.
38,925,600
1870
2,603,884
7.78
Washington
109,199
France .
36,469,800
1866
204,091
178.7
Paris.
1,825,300
Japan.
34,785,300
1871
149,399
232.8
Yeddo.
1,554,900
German Empire
29,906,092
1871
160,207
187.
Berlin
825,400
Spain .
16,642,000
1867
195,775
85.
Madrid
332,000
Brazil.
10,000.000
3,253,029
3.07
Rio Janeiro ..
420,000
Mexico.
9,173,000
1869
761,526
Mexico
210.300
Persia.
5,000,000
1870
635,964
7.8
Teheran.
120,000
Bavaria.
4,861,400
1871
29,292
165.9
Munich
169,500
3,995,200
1868
34,494
115.8
Lisbon.
224,063
3,688,300
1870
12,680
290.9
Hague ..
90,100
3,000,000
1870
357,157
Bogota.
45,000
2,000,000
1869
132,616
Santiago
115,400
Peru.
2,500,000
1871
471,838
5.3
Bolivia ..
2,000,000
497,321
4.
Chuquisaca.
25,000
1,812,000
1869
871,848
2.1
Buenos Ayres
177,800
Denmark
1,784,700
1870
14,753 368,238
4.2
Caraccas
47,000
Greece.
1,457,900
1870
19,353
75.3
Guatemala
1,180,000
1871
40,879
28.9
40,000
Paraguay.
1,000,000
1871
63,787
15.6
Asuncion ..
48,000
Liberia
718,000
1871
9,576
74.9
San Salvador
600,000
1871
7,335
81.8
Sal Salvador
15,000
Nicaragua
350,000
1871
58,171
6.
Managua.
10,000
Honduras
350,000
1871
47,092
7.4
Comayagua .
12.000
Costa Rica.
165,000
1870
21,505
7.7
San Jose.
2,000
Ilawaii
62,950
7,633
80.
Honolulu
7,633
Delaware.
125,015
227
Texas ..
237,504
818,579
865
Vermont
10,212
330,551
675
Illinois
55,410 2,539,891
5,904
Indiana.
33,809 1,680,637
3.529
Kentucky
37,600 1,321,011
1,123|
Louisiana
41,346
726,915
857,039
539
Territories.
Massachusetts.
7,800 1.457,351 1,651,912
1,606
Dakota
147,490
14,181
Mississippi.
47,156
827,922
990
Missouri.
65.350 1,721,295
2,580
New Mexico
121,201
91,874
Nevada
112,090
42,491
52,540
593
Washington ...
69,944
23.955
New York.
47,000 4.382,759 4,705,208 4,470
North Carolina ..
50,704 1,071,361
1871
118,847
230.9
Rome.
244,484
Turkey
16,463,000
672,621
24.4
Constantinople
1,075,000
Sweden and Norway
5,921,500
1870
292,871
20.
Stockholm.
136,900
Belgium
5,021,300
1869
11,373
441.5
Brussels
314,100
Portugal
35,904,400
1869
240,348
149.4
Vienna
833,900
Great Britain and Ireland.
31,817,100
1871
121,315
262.3
London.
3,251,800
Italy
27,439,921
1870
15,992
166.9
Berne
Lima.
160,100
Wurtemburg
1,818,500
1871
7,533
241.4
Stuttgart
91,600
Venezuela.
1,500,000
Baden.
1,461,400
1871
5,912
247.
Carlsruhe
Athens ..
43,400
Ecuador ..
1,300,000
218,928
5.9
Hesse
823,138
2,969
277.
Darmstadt
30.000
Hayti ..
572,000
10,205
56.
Port au Prince
20,000
Uruguay ...
300,000
1871
66,722
6.5
Monte Video.
44,500
San Domingo
136,000
17,827
7.6
San Domingo.
20,000
Holland
New Grenada
Chili
8.4 15.1
Switzerland.
2,669,100
36,000
Argentine Republic.
120.9
Copenhagen.
162,042
36,600
Guatemala
Quito
70,000
Monrovia
3,000
Aggregate of U. S .. 2,915,203 38,555,983
60,852
1870.
1875.
POPULATION.
Miles' R. R.
Iowa.
1,760
1,190
Austria and Hungary
-
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
.
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.
Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise expressed.
In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not stated.
INTEREST.
The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent. is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent. to the school fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered.
DESCENT.
The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including life insurance, descends as does real estate.
One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him.
(293)
294
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased wife.
The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to hier of pro- visions of the will.
The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband or surviving wife.
Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend
First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts; the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their deceased parents in equal shares among them.
Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- ants.
Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, or child or children, or descendants of the same.
Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to like rules.
Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State.
WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS.
No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will; it must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of sale of real estate, five per cent. for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half per cent. on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent. on overplus above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- ble for extra services.
Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall direct.
Claims. (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief.
295
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
Claims are classed and payable in the following order :
1. Expenses of administration.
2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral.
3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court.
4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States.
5. Public rates and taxes.
6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice given by the executors of their appointment.
7. All other debts.
8. Legacies.
The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of the deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution.
TAXES.
The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are liable for the taxes thereon.
The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. :
1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead; fire engines and all implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used with a view of pecuniary profit; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such lease ; provided, that all deetls, by which such property is held, shall be duly filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the assessment.
2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions ; used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- dents in any such institution, used for their education.
3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- scribed by their charter.
4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous to the listing ; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value ; family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family ; but no person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause.
5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public
296
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and subject to reversal by them.
6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars in value.
7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is made.
There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or forest trees or hedges.
Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only as is not covered by insurance.
All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, father, husband, trustce, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or lessor, mortgagee or lessee.
Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public purpose.
The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual.
The Township Board of Equalization shall mect first Monday in April of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court.
The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court.
Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year.
Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year.
Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty per centum of such amount immediately added as penalty, with ten per cent. interest per annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each year, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per cent. interest as before.
If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of certificate, to terminate the right of redemption.
297
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS
JURISDICTION OF COURTS DISTRICT COURTS
have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error.
CIRCUIT COURTS
have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction in matters of estates and general probate business.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE
have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, committed within their respective counties, in which the fine, by law, does not exceed $100 or the imprisonment thirty days.
LIMITATION OF ACTIONS.
Action for injuries to the person or reputation ; for a stutute penalty ; and to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years.
Those against a public officer within three (3) years.
Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property ; for relief on the ground of fraud; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within five (5) years.
Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within ten (10) years.
Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, within twenty (20) years.
All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed -time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be included in computing any of the above periods.
Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to bring action.
JURORS.
All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors in their respective counties.
United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by
T
298
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act as jurors.
Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence.
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with the jury to inflict it or not.
A MARRIED WOMAN
may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- vey, encumber, control or contract.
She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband may.
Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her.
She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact.
EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION.
A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- essary to contain the same; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings not kept for the purpose of sale; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying ground not exceeding one acre; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the materials manufactured from said wool; six stands of bees; five hogs and all pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value; all spinning wheels and looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of twelve hundred dollars; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at any time within ninety days next preceding the levy.
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