USA > Iowa > Poweshiek County > History of Poweshiek County, Iowa: a record of settlement, organization, progress and achievement, Volume 1 > Part 21
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It was with unusual haste that they were pushed into the field, in less than a week after they received arms, and before some of them had time to learn how to manage their ammunition with any degree of facility. They learned very soon, however, as the Confederates soon discovered.
The regiment was moved to Bird's Point in November. It remained there until March 4, 1862, and lost ninety-six men from disease, about one-tenth of all of them. It was soon their pleasure to assist in the capture of New Madrid, one of the series of brilliant victories along the Mississippi below the Ohio. It was their good fortune also to be engaged in the movement which forced the surren- der of Island No. 10 with its 6,000 prisoners, three generals, 273 field and com- pany officers, 123 pieces of heavy artillery, 7,000 stand of small arms and tents for 12,000 men. It was one of the great exploits which, with the capture of Fort Donelson, showed what western men could do in war, and inspired hope in the Union armies everywhere.
It was in the siege, so called, of Corinth, in which three of their number were killed and thirty-seven wounded, and among the latter was Captain Albert Head, who has since then been conspicuous as an orator and a legislator. The Tenth distinguished itself at Champion's Hill and near there, May 12 to 16, 1862. It was in the thickest of that fearful battle of leaden hail, and the historian awards high praise to all Iowa regiments there, yet says, "None fought with greater bravery than the Tenth." It lost nearly fifty per cent of its entire number.
They soon joined those who were besieging Vicksburg, and in one of the desperate charges Captain Head was more seriously wounded than before. Both wounds were in his head. Evidently the rebels were after. that head, but, for- tunately, the Captain carries it still. After Vicksburg was surrendered they found themselves in the tempest at Missionary Ridge, in the most terrible artillery fire they ever encountered except, possibly, at Champion's Hill. Here Lieutenant Emery was dangerously wounded.
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The Tenth had the honor of joining Sherman at Atlanta, sharing with him the march and the battles to Savannah, the capture of Columbia and the surren- der of Johnston. They are entitled to inscribe on their flag in our state house a long list of battles in which they were eminently distinguished, namely : Charles- ton, New Madrid, Island No. 10, Farmington, Iuka, Corinth, Raymond, Jackson, Champion's Hill, Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, Decatur, Salkahatchie, Columbia and Bentonville.
TENTH INFANTRY : ITS ROSTER.
Company B.
Adkins, Brazil, enlisted August 29. 1862.
Deeds, Franklin, enlisted Aug. 29, 1862; wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863.
March, Abraham, enlisted Aug. 29, 1862.
Parson, Archibald, enlisted Ang. 29, 1862.
Reed, Stephen, enlisted Aug. 29, 1862; wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863; died June 1, 1863, at Champion's Hill.
Farrer, Alonzo, R., enlisted Jan. 20, 1865.
Company E.
Stout, Stephen G., enlisted Sept. 13, 1861 ; discharged, April 1, 1863.
Company F.
(Enlisted Aug. 21, 1861, unless otherwise named. Discharged for disability.) *Albert Head, captain; wounded at Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862; at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863 ; mustered out Dec. 17, 1864.
*David H. Emery, first lieutenant ; wounded at Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863; mustered out Sept. 28, 1864.
John W. Carr, second lieutenant ; resigned Jan. 20, 1862.
Oliver P. Maxon, first sergeant ; discharged Sept. 27, 1862.
Wm. J. Lyon, second sergeant ; died Jan. 25, 1863, at Keokuk.
Gustavus W. Ela, third sergeant ; discharged Aug. 19, 1863.
Cary A. Head, fourth sergeant ; discharged Dec. 19, 1861.
Thomas D. Rayburn, fifth sergeant.
Rees N. Larkin, first corporal; discharged Oct. 18, 1862. Eli W. Griffith, third corporal.
*Carlton Dryden, fourth corporal, veteranized as sergeant.
John M. Voorhees, second corporal, Feb. 26, 1862.
J. W. Van Voorhees, fifth corporal; died at Bird's Point, Feb. 26, 1862. *Mahlon W. Taylor, sixth corporal; veteranized as sergeant.
Edgar S. Rice, eighth corporal; transferred to invalid corps, March 15, 1864. John L. Walker, musician ; died at Bird's Point, Feb. 24, 1862.
*Thomas J. Levake, musician.
*Charles Newcomb, wagoner.
PRIVATES.
Atherton, John H.
Bell, Theodore E., transferred to Marine brigade, Jan. 1, 1863.
*Re-enlisted as veterans.
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
*Brown, Wm. P., promoted to corporal; wounded at Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862. Bryan, Silas, promoted to corporal; killed at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863. Bushing, Geo. W., transferred to invalid corps, Nov. 20, 1863.
Carlton, G. W., wounded, date and place unknown; died at Keokuk, March 14, 1864.
*Cardell, Elias R., wounded at Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863; promoted to corporal.
Champ, Wm., died at Mound City Hospital, Dec. 9, 1861.
Clark, Wm. A.
Clark, John M., transferred to invalid corps, Nov. 15, 1863.
Cook, Wm. E., wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863.
Coon, Chas. H.
Crispin, John, wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863.
Delahoyde, John, promoted to second lieutenant, Feb. 1, 1862; to adjutant, May 1, 1862.
Ela, Levi C.
Garing, John, wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863; discharged Oct. 1, 1863.
Gosnell, Hiram, wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863.
Hays, Geo W., wounded at Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862; discharged Jan. 29, 1863.
Head, Mahlon, promoted to quarter-master sergeant ; appointed second lieu- tenant, May 1, 1862; wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863; mustered out Jan. I, 1865.
Heyliger, Theodore, died at Bird's Point, Dec. 12, 1861.
*Jacques, John P., wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863.
Kesler, John B., discharged August 22, 1862.
*Lawrence, George.
Martin, Wm. H., wounded at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. McCain, Thos., captured at Chattanooga, Nov. 25, 1863.
*McCalla, Wm. H., wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863.
Miller, Richard J., discharged Sept. 22, 1862.
Nelson, Samuel R., Jr., discharged Jan. 31, 1862.
Nelson, Alfred N., discharged April 17, 1862.
Nelson, Edward.
Nichols, Daniel H., discharged Oct. 24, 1863.
*Nichols, Jesse B. T.
Reed, Charles.
Rakestraw, Benton, discharged Sept. 24, 1862.
Robertson, Horace, wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1862.
Rowley, Thos. E., died at Bird's Point, March 15, 1862.
Sanders, Franklin, wounded at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. Sheley, Wm. M., died at Bird's Point, Dec. 14, 1861. Sheley, Granville.
Springer, Geo. W. Wood, John.
*Re-enlisted as veterans.
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
SUBSEQUENT ENLISTMENTS.
** Billingham, Albert, discharged 1862.
** Clayburg, Isaac.
Clark, John G.
Delahoyde, Chas. G., wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863.
** Keiser, Nicholas, wounded accidentally on steamer May 1, 1863: dis- charged May 12, 1864.
** Kennard, Harvey W., discharged Aug. 22, 1862.
*Parker, Wm. S., wounded at Kingston, Ga., Oct. 21, 1864; discharged Aug. 21 1865.
Smith, Joshua, died Febr. 1, 1861, at Mound" City Hospital.
** Woolters, Chas., died at Bird's Point, Febr. 26, 1862.
** Young, Martin, wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863. Harris, Chas. W., enlisted Febr. 28, 1864.
Havlin, Luther C., enlisted Dec. 11, 1863.
Satchell, Nicholas, enlisted Jan. 1, 1864.
White, Gardner W., enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. Company I.
Hays, Salvador, enlisted Aug. 28, 1861 ; discharged July 29, 1862.
Wren, James W., enlisted August 29, 1862.
Smith, James enlisted Febr. 1, 1864.
Sanders, Ralph M., enlisted July 21, 1864. Company K.
Bell, George, enlisted Aug. 28, 1862.
Hardy, John M., enlisted August 26, 1862.
Bell, W. Allen, enlisted August 26, 1862; wounded at Chattanooga, Nov. 25, 1863.
THE EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY.
July 2, 1862, President Lincoln issued a call for 300,000 more soldiers. The question of arming negroes had been raised by Major General Hunter's emanci- pation order of May 9, 1862, by which he declared all who had been held as slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida "forever free," and put muskets into their hands. Lincoln thought the order premature and rescinded it ten days after it was issued. That topic was discussed, pro and con, in various forms until an act was passed and approved on the 17th of July following, which Senator Henry Wilson summarized as follows: "It provided that all slaves of rebels coming into the possession or under the protection of the gov- ernment- should be deemed captives of war and made free; that fugitive slaves should not be surrendered; that no person engaged in the military or naval ser- vice should surrender fugitives on pain of being dismissed from the service; and that the president might employ persons of the African race for the sup- pression of the rebellion in such manner as he might deem best."
This was a long step in advance. The soldiers themselves, so many of whom had been opposed to the admission of negroes into the army were beginning to think that the negroes were none too good to stop a bullet, if any one must.
** Transferred from K. Enliste:1 Feb. 28, 1861.
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
The Eighteenth Infantry was organized at Clinton and mustered into the service, August 6, 1862, just about the time the enlistment rolls were opened for the sons of Africa. John Edwards, the governor's aide, was their first colonel, Thomas Z. Cook, lieutenant-colonel, Hugh J. Campbell, major, and Rev. David N. Smith, chaplain.
This regiment was not asked for by the president. The 300,000 called for had offered themselves and these slipped in as volunteers in a double sense. They were admitted to General Schofield's Army of the Frontier, located at Sedalia, Missouri, in August, at Springfield in September, when they went for the Confederates in southwestern Missouri, followed them to Fayetteville, Ar- kansas, and returned to Springfield with little loss in battle in November, but its loss by exposure and measles was ninety,-exceedingly heavy.
Their splendid defense of Springfield in January, 1863, can never be for- gotten. Springfield was the base of supplies for the Union army in that region, and was very imperfectly defended by a small garrison of militia, a few hun- dred convalescents and the Eighteenth Iowa, and a few Union men of the town aided them on occasion.
General Marmaduke was close upon the town with a force of 5,000 rebels, it was said, before he was suspected of being anywhere near. The night was spent in preparation for battle. The "Quinine Brigade" from the hospital was made ready ; all that could serve were mustered but amounted to only about 1,500 men. The Confederates were close upon them at ten o'clock on the morning of the 8th with infantry, cavalry and artillery, enough to swallow the handful of Unionists. At noon the skirmishers were driven in, the contest became a battle by one, and at two the Confederates made a spirited assault. Captain Landis, with a single piece of artillery, was in peril. Three captains, Van Meter, Blue and Stonaker, acted as his supports. By a bold dash their opponents captured the gun after wounding Captains Blue and Van Meter mortally and Landis dangerously. The "Quinine Brigade" saved the day in an emergency. The militia fought like "reg- ulars" and Lieutenant Cook dashed in with some companies just returned from outpost duty, attacked the enemy's center and they fell back, utilizing the dark- ness for a retreat. Of the 200 of the Eighteenth Iowa most active in the fight, fifty-six were killed or wounded.
Poweshiek county was represented in the 18th Infantry by the following named persons :
Company I.
James E. Vore, fourth corporal ; captured at Poison Springs, April 18, 1864. Died, September 16, 1864, at Tyler, Texas.
William N. Vore, musician, enlisted October 7, 1862.
PRIVATES.
Hilliard, George, enlisted October 1, 1864.
McCalister, Wm. C., enlisted October 7, 1862.
Litzenberg, enlisted October 1, 1864.
Martin, James M., enlisted October 7, 1862; discharged March 14 1863.
Company K.
Gerrard, John, enlisted July 24, 1862.
Halstead, Daniel V., enlisted July 7, 1862; discharged March 10, 1863.
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
Martin, Byron, enlisted July 24, 1862.
Mendenhall, A. S., enlisted July 7, 1862 ; discharged February 24, 1863. Sutton, Schuyler, enlisted July 7, 1863.
Shook, David, enlisted July 7, 1863.
Shook, John, enlisted February 15, 1864.
TRIBUTE TO THE PRIVATE SOLDIER.
General J. B. Gordon after the close of the war spoke as follows of his fellow soldiers in the Confederate army: "No man I think has a higher or more just appreciation than myself of our Confederate leaders, but the bril- liant victories won by our arms will be found, in their last analysis, to be in a large measure, due to the strong individuality, the deep seated convictions, the moral stamina, the martial instinct and the personal prowess of our private sol- diers."
The same words are equally true of the private soldiers in the Union army. They may be unnoticed and unknown unless some accident makes them conspicu- ous, yet the steady courage, the calm resolution and the foward dash of many of these have doubtless often kept a company from wavering and an army from retreating. The nation has done well but not too well by her pensions to the privates who served her through the leaden hail of Sabine Cross Roads, Cedar Creek or Champion's Hill. When she calls for another army the husband or father who enlists will not fear for the future of his wife or his young family.
DEPUTY MARSHALS MURDERED.
The year 1864 was the most anxious period of the Civil war after its first year closed. It was the year when Clement L. Vallandingham made his most desperate effort to multiply the members of that inany named society often called "The Knights of the Golden Circle," and the year of its greatest success. Its plan was to enroll as many as possible, to dissuade from enlistments in the Union army, to resist a draft and to be ready when the opportune time should come, and they were thoroughly prepared to attack the prisons in which Con- federates were confined in the north, to set the prisoners at liberty, to place arms in their hands, and begin a war in the north with such a force that a peace would soon be conquered. It was during that year that Unionists became soldiers for a hundred days, that Sherman reached Atlanta and fought his way to the sea, that Grant kept Lee busy in Virginia, that the Shenandoah valley was made val- ueless for either army.
When the public mind was most fevered in this county in 1864, a draft was ordered here. Captain Mathews was made provost marshal and put in charge of the draft for this district and Grinnell was his headquarters. The draft was made very quietly. Some who were drafted from Sugar Creek township and vicinity failed to report. Captain Mathews sent out two deputies-Captain John L. Bashore of Appanoose county, and Josiah M. Woodruff of Marion county,-to notify them that they were desired to report at the marshal's office a few days later. On their way and in Sugar Creek township, they met "Mike"
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
Gleason and inquired of him where they could find the drafted parties, but say- ing nothing of the draft. "Mike" seems to have suspected the object of their visit and reported immediately on the drill ground of a military company which had been organized after the war began and called themselves "Democratic Rangers." The company consisted of those least devoted to the Union cause. "Mike" left the parade ground with John and Joseph Fleener, citizens of the township. Gleason's story of occurrences there at the drill was that he reported to the company his meeting with the deputies and they voted that "the men must be attended to," and appointed the Fleeners and himself "to attend to them." This point is denied by some who were on the ground when he was there, and their denial is believed instead of his affirmation.
The next we know of them is after the deputy marshals had completed their mission as far as possible, and were on their way home near the place where they met Gleason in the forenoon. Some conversation occurred between the two parties. Satisfied that they were in no friendly mood and that trouble was brew- ing, Bashore sprang out of the buggy to explain their errand, a simple invitation to those drafted to report at Grinnell in three days. Soon the Fleeners and Gleason began to fire upon them. Woodruff was shot through the head and died immediately. Bashore was shot in the back and was able to give his account of the fray before he died. The Fleeners fled quickly, leaving Gleason on the ground with a broken hip.
A messenger carried the report of the murder quickly to Grinnell. The mar- shal called into consultation at once three who had worn shoulder straps in the army. The captain informed them that there had been much opposition to the draft in feeling, that the Knights of the Golden Circle had been organized in this county and that this murder, as he believed, presaged an attack on his office that night to destroy the record of the draft. He asked them to take charge of the defense of the town. The writer was the only one thoroughly acquainted with the county. He proposed to take a dozen men and reconnoiter, to meet them half way at any rate.
His plan was accepted. He planned to find if men likely to be in the move- ment were at home. A man was sent from his company about midnight to the house of one likely to be in the attack, should there be any. He was a stranger, and was to inquire the way to Grinnell and to accept an answer only from a man. He reported "no man at home. He went to Montezuma in the morning for flour and it was strange that he was not back." That was suspicious. The captain's anticipations might be realized.
At the next house, however, some miles farther, the man was at home and in bed. He arose and went out into the street to point out the way to Grinnell. The same thing occurred at the third house. We were satisfied that there would be no attack. A report was returned to Captain Mathews and the announcement made that the detachment would wait till morning at the point he had indicated.
The next day the militia of Grinnell and Montezuma met at the house of James R. Craver in Sugar Creek in obedience to the orders of Captain Mathews and the governor. They were commanded to "arrest all the members of Captain Robert C. Carpenter's 'pretended company of militia,' whose members are charged with the recent murder of Josiah M. Woodruff and John L. Bashore,"
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
and to "make thorough search for arms and ammunition in the hands or about the premises of the persons connected with said company, seize and report all that can be found to me at Grinnell."
That search and the arrests occupied several days, and resulted in taking to Grinnell most of the members of the company with a considerable number of guns. A few persons concealed themselves and all probably placed their best guns in a safe place. Not one offered any resistance to the arrest.
Gleason sometimes confessed and sometimes denied having a part in the at- tack. The Fleeners fled from the state to Missouri and returned only somewhat recently.
No conclusive evidence of complicity in the murder was found against any except the murderers themselves, and all the other members of the company were released in a few days. Gleason was tried, sentenced to be hung and his sen- tence was afterwards commuted to imprisonment for life. He lived but a short time afterward.
The Fleeners left property in Sugar Creek. After a time some of the heirs of John Fleener insisted that he was dead and secured the appointment of Joel G. Hambleton as administrator. The other heirs furnished evidence before the property was divided that he was living, and nothing further was done as to the property.
During the search for arms the governor issued a special order to search Captain Carpenter's house for papers. Some notes were found that might have been memoranda of the meeting of a disloyal society, but there was nothing along that line that was decisive. The most important paper discovered (and that was very important) was a letter from a Montezuma lawyer to Captain Carpenter containing a list of persons to whom the lawyer had sold pistols, to most one, a few two, and one had failed to pay for the third. It was not known before by any of the searchers that he ever sold a pistol. They were certainly not conspicuous in this lawyer's office.
After a time Captain Carpenter began a suit against those who searched his house. The case was tried in Tama county, lost, appealed to the supreme court, and lost there. The defendants then made out their bill for cash payments in defense (nothing for time or annoyance) and it was referred to a committee of the legislature on which there was only one democrat. He inquired if the claim was in connection with the Poweshiek military company of which so much had been said. He was told that it was. He at once moved that it should be al- lowed. It was done.
It was said to have been the intention that each one of the company should begin a suit if the captain succeeded, but he failed, and no other suits were begun.
TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.
The surgeon, hospital steward and the major were from Poweshiek county : Dr. J. W. H. Vest, a very popular physician ; Stephen M. Cook, hospital steward; and John W. Carr, major.
The following-named were also from this county in Companies B, C and H.
..
COMPANY C. TWENTY-EIGHTH IOWA INFANTRY. CAPTAIN, JOHN W. CARR
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
Company B. Enlisted in 1864.
Bateham, Milton, Jan. 5, died June 16, 1864, at New Orleans.
Bateman, Cassius M., Jan. 5; wounded Oct. 19, at Cedar Creek, Va.
Cole, Elijah H., Jan. 5.
Kennedy, Daniel A., Jan. 5.
Montee, Abram, Jan. 5.
Montee, Melvin J., Jan. 5; transferred, June 17, 1864, to veteran reserve corps.
Company C.
John W. Carr, captain, July 29; wounded at Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864; promoted to major, July 18, 1865; mustered out as captain.
Daniel S. Dean, first lieutenant, Aug. 13; wounded at Opequan, Sept. 19, 1864; resigned Nov. 2, 1864.
James H. Tilton, second lieutenant, Aug. II; resigned May 29, 1863.
Henry D. Jones, first sergeant, Aug. 8; wounded Feb. 14, 1863; promoted to second lieutenant, July 18, 1865, but mustered out as first sergeant.
George W. Bennett, second sergeant, Aug. 4; discharged, date unknown.
Ely Sheeley, third sergeant, Aug. II; promoted to first lieutenant, July 8, 1865, but mustered out as second sergeant.
James B. Roach, fourth sergeant, July 28; wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863.
John W. Wilson, fifth sergeant, A Y WAM BHT
Robert S. Welch, first corporal, Aug. II.
Alexander B. Pike, second corporal, Aug. 14.
Isaac N. Neal, third corporal, Aug. @; died Oct. 27, 1863, at Opelousas, La.
James B. McCurdy, fourth corporal; transferred to invalid corps, Sept. 30, 1863.
Perry Howard, fifth corporal, July 28.
Milo Morgan, sixth corporal, Aug. 2; discharged Feb. 2, 1863.
William B. Willson, seventh corporal, July 28.
John G. Rayburn, eighth corporal, Aug. 13.
Veritas S. Keckley, musician, Aug. 14; discharged Jan. 5, 1865 Jacob Balcom, musician, Aug. 13; discharged Feb. 14, 1863.
Alfred J. Shipley, wagoner, Aug. 11; discharged Feb. 13, 1863.
PRIVATES.
Applegate, Ira, Aug. II.
Baughan, Zachariah M., Aug. 14.
Bearnes, Geo. W., Aug. 9; captured at Helena, Ark., Dec. 29, 1862; wounded at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864.
Bernard, Christ C., July 28; discharged April 24, 1863.
Bernard, Wm. H., July 28; discharged August 25, 1863.
Bone, Addison, Aug. 13th; died May 25, 1864, at Carrollton, La. Bowen, Wm. N., Aug. 7; wounded at Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864. Boydston, Benj. F., Aug. 13; discharged March 11, 1863. Brannan, John H., Aug. 13.
Vol. 1-13
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HISTORY OF POWESHIEK COUNTY
Bryan, Matthew, Aug. 13; discharged March 11, 1863.
Burns, John W., Aug. 4; died May 14, 1863, at Helena, Ark.
Butt, Henry, Aug. 18; wounded June 1, 1863, at Vicksburg; discharged April 26, 1865
Capehart, John S., Aug. 15; discharged Feb. 28, 1863.
Cartwright, Frank M., Aug. 9; died Feb. 23, 1863, at Helena, Ark.
Cassidy, Benj. F., Aug. 2 ; killed at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863.
Cassidy, Wm. R., Aug. 13; died May 5, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, La.
Cook, Stephen M., Aug. 18.
Craver, John W., Aug. 9; died Febr. 4, at Helena, Ark.
Craver, Cornelius C., Aug. II; wounded at Winchester, Sept. 19. 1864.
Croucher, Alfred G., July 29; died Jan. 21, 1863, at mouth of White River, Ark.
Darnell, James A., Aug. 9.
Davison, Samuel H., Aug. 14.
Dean, Erwin, Aug. II.
Delescaille, Peter, Aug. 13; captured at Sabine Cross Roads, April 18, 1864. Diffendaffer, David J., July 28; wounded at Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863; transferred to invalid corps, Nov. 20, '63.
Dillon, Peter C., Aug. 18; wounded May 1, 1863, at Port Gibson, Miss.
Dorrance, Orange F., July 29; promoted to second lieutenant May 29, 1863; to first lieutenant, Nov. 3. 1864; to captain, July 18, 1865; wounded at Sabine Cross Roads, April 18, 1864.
Evans, James D., July 28; captured at Sabine Cross Roads, April 8, 1864.
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