USA > Iowa > Taylor County > History of Taylor County, Iowa; from the earliest historic times to 1910, biographical sketches of some prominent citizens > Part 11
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THE SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE.
During the war with the Southern Confederacy, the entire range of counties on the Missouri line were constantly in a state of excitement and apprehension, fearing an invasion from armed bands from Missouri. Raids were actually made by both sides on the border counties of the two states, which resulted in the destruction of both life and property.
To insure the protection of the citizens of these counties the general assembly, at the extra session of 1862, directed the organization of the Southern Border Brigade, the name of which is suggestive of its object. But the necessity for some sort of concerted action had been previously known, and in October, 1861, the adjutant-general of Iowa called attention to the matter of protecting the border. This was done in a general order. Acting on this order independent volunteer organizations were formed and July 3, 1861, the First Regiment West- ern Division Iowa Volunteers was organized, and was composed of volunteers from Adams, Montgomery, Page and Taylor counties.
It was officered by John R. Morledge, colonel; L. T. McCoun, lieutenant- colonel, and David Ellison, major. These men were all commissioned by Gover- nor Kirkwood. At the bequest of loyal citizens of Nodaway, Worth and Gen- try counties, Missouri, who from time to time received rumors of a confederate
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force marching upon them to drive them out, the regiment made three expedi- tions into the state of Missouri, but they met no confederate force, and conse- quently never had an engagement.
Under date of September 11, 1862, the governor addressed the following in- structions to R. A. Moser of Lexington, Taylor county, with reference to this brigade :
EXECUTIVE OFFICE, IOWA, SEPT. II, 1862. R. A. Moser, Lexington, Taylor County :
SIR: A law has passed the general assembly authorizing the organization in your county and other border counties, of a company of men for home de- fense against guerilla bands from Missouri. The law will soon be published, and you will be able to see its provisions and learn its object. I desire you to enlist the company for your county.
I am informed that in some of the border counties there are men whose loy- alty is doubtful, and whose sympathies are with the rebels. Such men must not be admitted into the company. I will not, if I can avoid it, be instrumental in placing the public arms in the hands of any man whose devotion to the govern- ment in this hour of peril is doubtful. I do not mean by this that none but republicans should be enlisted. I only mean just what I say, that your company must consist of open, known, unconditional supporters of the government and of the Union and I hold you responsible if you accept this service, that you enlist none others. Your company can consist of not less than eighty nor more than one hundred men all told. When you have enlisted the minimum number, you will call the men together and have them elect one captain and one first lieuten- ant, and report the names to the adjutant-general, who will issue commissions. The men are enlisted to act as mounted men whenever their services are needed, and each man must furnish his own horse, saddle, bridle, blankets and clothing. It is not intended that these men should all be on constant service. A few men from each company will daily act as scouts, and the others are to be at home, holding themselves as minute men. Please also report to me, at Iowa City, your action in this matter. I trust you will feel it to be your duty to do this work, and to do it firmly and thoroughly. It is for the defense of your own county and the service should be promptly performed. If for any reason you cannot act in this matter, please hand this authority, indorsed by you, to some man who will do it in the manner herein set forth, and report his name and postoffice ad- dress to me immediately,
Very respectfully, SAMUEL J. KIRKWOOD.
In pursuance of this letter of instruction, Company B, Fourth Battalion of Southern Border Brigade, was duly enrolled. The total rank and file numbered ninety-seven men and were the following named persons: John Flick, captain ; David Smith, lieutenant ; W. S. Hamilton, orderly sergeant ; A. P. Evans, bugler. Privates-J. C. Adams, J. S. Boyd, George Bauer, Elihu Baker, James Burge, Jeremiah Beall, Enoch Beauchamp, W. M. Burk, Daniel Blake, N. J. Blake, George Ballou, Edwin Brown, J. W. Burk, John Banes, J. B. Campbell, J. Cole, G. B. Cadle, E. A. Coon, J. E. Cooksey, John Cooksey, R. E. Dilly, Jesse Dale, I. C. Everett, Jesse Evans, E. W. Fouts, A. Fouts, A. Flick, J. A. Golding,
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Thomas Greer, James Gartside, Gilbert Golding, J. Huddleston, T. Herrington, E. Hawk, C. H. Hann, Daniel Hoover, M. Hause, 1 .. nas Hutson, John Helm, L. D. Hatfield, G. W. Hatfield, S. J. Hall, William Hindman, S. U. Hindman, R. M. E. Hicks, L. W. Hillyer, Edwin Houck, J. A. Hawk, L. D. Hair, Oliver Jenks, D. Johnson, Cary Knox, J. V. Lyons, R. A. Moser, J. C. Meehan, James Mathers, James Martin, William Mahan, C. C. Mohler, John Morgan, T. McCracken, J. Morgan, W. P. Medals, J. D. Moore, Oliver Nash, F. H. Perkins, E. Parker, O. Perkins, J. C. Ray, W. W. Ray, Daniel Perkins, Jacob Reed, R. Rockwell, E. T. Smith, J. J. Scott, Cyrus Swett, James Sickles, J. S. Sleath, J. R. Standley, A. Stephens, William Swonley, D. Underwood, John Van Houten, A. J. Wallace, James Wallace, R. B. Wallace, James Walters, T. Wolverton, I. Wallace, J. W. Wood and Caleb Wilson.
There seems to have been no disturbance in this county, sufficient to war- rant an official report to the adjutant-general, as was actually the case in Fre- mont, Ringgold, Davis and Van Buren counties. At times, there was intense excitement here, but nothing of a warlike nature ever occurred.
A volume could be filled with reminiscences of these times by people still living, but lack of space forbids. It has been forty-four years since the "boys" came home. Many have gone to their reward. The column of old veterans that annually marches to the cemetery with their floral tribute to their dead com- rades on Memorial Day, is rapidly dwindling. The men are less erect, and their step lacks the buoyancy of former days. But as long as time shall last, their deeds will be cherished by generations yet unborn. Children should and will be taught to realize the debt that we owe to the heroes of "61" to "65." We close with a quotation from one of our poets :
"On Fame's eternal camping ground, Their ·silent tents are spread ; While Glory guards with solemn round The Bivouac of the dead."
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
Cuba, and her war-ridden, starved and abused people were long the objects of sympathy of the liberty-loving people of this country. Spain's method of rule over that unhappy island was, for many years, a succession of revolting cruelties. The Cuban struggle for liberty against fearful odds excited the admiration of the world, and especially did it appeal to the people of the United States. The instance of the wanton murder of the crew of the Virginius by Spanish author- ity was also a grievance which the American people could not excuse or forget. This happened during the ten years' insurrection in which thousands of Cubans gave their lives in an unsuccessful attempt to throw off the yoke of Spain. The Cubans were whipped, or at least cajoled by promises of better government in the future, so that for a time they settled into conditions that grew even worse than before the insurrection.
In 1895, undaunted by their former failure to gain their freedom, they again rebelled. Spain poured corps after corps of her best soldiers into the island, but was unable to put down the insurrection. Marshall Campos was recalled for
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alleged lack of energy and in his place General Weyler was put with the hope of reaching a speedy end. Weyler's reign in the island, from the first, was one of fire and slaughter. The non-combatants, old men, women and children, were driven from their homes, and collected in great bodies where they were left to starve or die of disease.
In 1896 Cuba had become a veritable slaughterhouse. At the close of Presi- dent Cleveland's administration congress made an attempt toward the recogni- tion of the Cubans as belligerents, but the president failed to make the bill a law by withholding his signature. Weyler's rule continued with its awful re- sults. The sufferings of the unfortunate islanders more than ever appealed to the people of the United States, who daily importuned the government to in- tervene. This appeal resulted in a vigorous diplomatic remonstrance by the government to the Spanish minister, resulting in promises of better treatment for the future, and the recall of General Weyler. General Blanco succeeded Weyler, and a shadowy form of so-called autonomous government for the island was instituted.
The beginning of 1898 found the insurrection still unsuppressed. The is- landers were dying by the thousands and the people of the United States were clamoring for a cessation of hostilities. The feelings of the Spaniards toward the American residents of Cuba were expressed by insults and assaults. Con- sul-General Fitz Hugh Lee, in Havana, was threatened with assassination and the lives of Americans were in peril. Up to this time nothing but the most friendly relations existed between our government and Spain. In view of the disturbance in Havana, Spain was notified that the battleship Maine would be sent to that harbor, not from an unfriendly feeling, but to protect American lives, should occasion demand it. The Maine reached Havana harbor and was ac- corded all the courtesies usually shown foreign men-of-war on entering a port. On the night of February 15, 1898, while lying at anchor where she was con- ducted by Spain's official, the Maine was destroyed` by an explosion and two hundred and fifty-nine of her crew perished. When information of this reached the United States it caused a wave of indignation and horror to sweep the country. The tension of feeling, long at a high pitch on account of suffering Cuba, was wrought to fever heat on account of this outrage. The popular de- mand was for war at once. Captain Sigsbee, in a dispatch to our government, asked the people to withhold their judgment until such time as a proper in- vestigation of the affair could be made by the naval authorities. The people calmed somewhat under the apparent justice of this advice and awaited the re- sult of the investigation. Every indication from the best possible sources was against the accident theory. The official board convened and remained in session more than four weeks. The testimony of expert divers, naval construc- tors and others was taken, and March 21, the official announcement of the re- sult was given out as follows: The loss of the Maine was not in any respect due to fault or negligence on the part of any officer or member of her crew ; that the ship was destroyed by the explosion of a submarine mine, which caused the partial explosion of two or more of her forward magazines, and that no evidence has been obtained, fixing the responsibility of the blowing up of the Maine upon any person or persons.
COMPANY I, FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT
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The people received the verdict as a foregone conclusion and again demanded war. Congress reflected this feeling by making an appropriation of fifty mil- lion dollars for national defences. On March 28th, the president sent a message to congress transmitting the findings of the Maine inquiry board. War was im- minent and the policy was to delay matters until Americans could get out of Cuba. Consul General Lee was the last to leave, he remaining until all others were safely embarked. He arrived at Key West, April IIth. On April 18th both houses of congress passed resolutions demanding that the government of Spain relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. This resolution was signed by the president April 20th. A copy was sent to Minister Woodford at Madrid with instructions to communicate the same to the Spanish government. April 23d was the date given for reply. Before Minister Woodford could present the ultimatum of the United States, he was given his passports. This act consti- tuted the actual beginning of the war. The Spanish cortes convened on April 2.4th, and formally recognized the existence of war. Congress on the next day passed the following bill, politics being for once forgotten, democrats and pop- ulists voting with the republicans: "Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled: First, that war be, and the same is hereby declared to exist, and that war has existed since the 21st day of April, A. D. 1898, including said day, between the United States of America and the kingdom of Spain.
"Second, that the president of the United States be and is hereby directed and empowered to use the land and naval forces of the United States, the militia of the several states, to such an extent as may be necessary to carry this act into effect."
Immediately after the passage of the above act, President Mckinley issued the following proclamation: WHEREAS, a joint resolution of congress was ap- proved on the 20th day of April, 1898, entitled a "joint resolution for the recognition of the independence of Cuba, and demanding that the government of Spain relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba, and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters, and direct- ing the president of the United States to use the land and naval forces of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect," and
WHEREAS, by an act of congress entitled "An act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war and for other purposes," approved April 22, 1898, the president is authorized, in order to raise a volunteer army, to issue his proclamation calling for volunteers to serve in the army of the United States :
Now, therefore, I, William McKinley, president of the United States, by virtue of the power vested in me by the constitution and the laws, and deeming sufficient occasion to exist, have thought fit to call forth, and hereby do call forth, volunteers to the aggregate number of one hundred and twenty-five thousand, in order to carry into effect the purpose of said resolution; the same to be apportioned, as far as practicable, among the several states and territories and the district of Columbia, according to population, and to serve for two years,
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unless sooner discharged. The details for this object will be immediately com- municated to the proper authorities through the war department. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this twenty-third day of April, A. D. 1898, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-second.
WILLIAM MCKINLEY.
By the President,
JOHN SHERMAN,
Secretary of State.
While Iowa had not been specifically called upon for troops, in anticipa- tion of the call being made, a general order bearing date of April 21, 1898, was issued by Adjutant General Byers, to prepare the national guard of the state for mobilization. All members who had family ties which would be detrimental to their volunteering in the United States service were ordered discharged at once, as were also all men under the age of twenty-one years who could not pro- cure the written consent of parents or legally appointed guardians, and all who could not pass a rigid physical examination. Company commanders were ordered to enlist their companies up to not less than forty-five men, who, if ordered into the field, would go, enlistments being confined to ex-members of the guard and men who had received military training. Company commanders were also or- dered to form reserve squads of applicants who had passed the required exam- ination, same to be held as reserve members without enlistment, to be used in case of call to service to fill up the companies to the required number. and to be drilled and disciplined ready to enter active service.
Further anticipating the call, the state fair grounds, were secured for the mobilization or camp of the troops. General J. R. Lincoln, inspector general, had been selected as commander of the camp, and Major J. T. Davidson, as assistant adjutant general, and the barns and grounds cleaned up and made ready for the reception of the troops. All this was preliminary. Following the president's call for troops, April 23d, the companies of the Iowa National Guard were ordered to assemble in their armories, and by the 25th of April this was done, and the various companies were awaiting orders to move, each company provided with two days' rations. Train service had been arranged for over the various railroads and cars were in waiting. In the evening of the 25th the governor of Iowa received the following telegram from the war depart- ment :
WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL 25, 1898.
The Governor of Iowa :
The number of troops from your state under the call of the president, dated April 23, 1898, will be three regiments of infantry and two light batteries of artillery. It is the wish of the president that the regiments of the national guard, or state militia, be used as fast as their numbers will permit, for the reason that they are armed, equipped and drilled. Please wire me as early as possible what equipment, ammunition, arms, blankets, etc., you have, and what additional you
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will require. Please, also, state when troops will be ready for muster into the United States service. Details to follow by mail.
R. A. ALGER, Secretary of War.
On the evening of April 25, 1898, telegrams were sent to all the forty-eight companies, composing the four regiments of the national guard, and to the regimental officers, to report without unnecessary delay at Camp Mckinley, Des Moines, Iowa, state fair grounds, which was an ideal place for rendezvous, being supplied with good water and shelter.
Eleven years ago, the 26th of April, as fine a body of soldiers marched down Main street, Bedford, as ever went forth to defend their country. We were all proud of the boys of Company I, and we knew that they would sustain the honor and glory won by Taylor county heroes who served in that fierce war for national existence in 1861-1865, and we were not disappointed. as reference to their record will show.
All the regiments reported at Camp Mckinley on April 26, 1898, and the work of organization began. Captain J. A. Olmstead, Ninth United States Cavalry, on duty with the Iowa National Guard, was appointed by the war department, mustering officer for Iowa. First Lieutenant H. E. Ely, Twenty- Second United States Infantry, offered his services, and was at once placed in charge of the organization of the two light batteries.
"As the call provided for three regiments of infantry, we had four regimental organizations in camp, some difficulties arose as to which of the organizations should remain at home until the second call, and during this controversy the war department was appealed to, and on April 30th, the order was changed to four regiments of infantry, each composed of eighteen field, staff, and non- commissioned staff officers, twelve companies, each composed of three officers and sixty-five enlisted men; total aggregate strength of all grades, three thou- sand, three hundred and thirty-six men.
At once the following regiments of the Iowa National Guard were selected as a basis for furnishing this quota: Second Regiment, Colonel D. V. Jackson, commanding; Fourth Regiment, Colonel W. B. Humphrey, commanding ; Third Regiment, Colonel J. C. Loper, commanding; First Regiment, Colonel W. G. Dows, commanding.
In designating the volunteer regiments it was decided to make their numbers a continuation of the series of the Civil war. The first regiment of the national guard, accordingly, went into the service of the United States as the Forty- Ninth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, the other regiments taking number in the volunteer service in the same order, as follows: Second Regiment, Iowa National Guard, became the Fiftieth Regiment, Iowa Infantry Volunteers ; Third Regiment, Iowa National Guard, became the Fifty-first Iowa Infantry, Volunteers ; Fourth Regiment, Iowa National Guard, became the Fifty-Second Iowa Infantry Volunteers.
As we are attempting to give only the part that citizens of this county took in the Spanish-American war, we will now, after briefly bringing to mind afresh the preliminary movements, follow Company I, Fifty-first Iowa, from the time of enlistment until the muster out.
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After assembling at Camp Mckinley, the work of shaping up the four reg- iments, equipping them, drilling the five hundred new recruits, necessary to bring the regiments up to the required quota, required several days to perform these duties. On June 5th, the Fifty-first Iowa left the state rendezvous for San Francisco, California, per telegraph orders from the war department. Arrived at Camp Merritt, San Francisco, June 11, 1898; removed to Camp Merriam, Presidio, July 29, 1898; embarked on board the transport Pennsylvania at San Francisco, November 3, 1898; arrived at Honolulu, November 12, 1898; left Honolulu November 16, 1898, arriving in Manila Bay, December 7, 1898; re- mained on board transport in Manila Bay until December 26, 1898; upon which date the regiment sailed for Iloilo, arriving at the latter place December 28th ; remained on board transport in Iloilo Bay until January 29, 1899, upon which date they sailed for Cavite, arriving January 31, 1899; disembarked from trans- port February 3, 1899, and went into quarters in Cavite. The regiment partici- pated in the occupation of San Roque, February 9, 1899, and the various com- panies were in the following engagements of the Philippine expedition :
Guadalupe church, March 5, 1899.
Quinqua, April 23, 1899; East and West Prelilan, April 24, 1899; Calumpit, April 25, 1899, San Tomas, May 4, 1899; San Fernando, May 5, May 25, May 26, May 31, June 16, June 22, June 30, and July 4, 1899 ; Calulut, August 9, 1899 ; Angeles, August 9, 1899.
September 6, 1899, the regiment was moved to Manila, preparatory to return to the United States; sailed on the transport Senator, September 22, 1899; ar- rived at Nagasaki, Japan, September 27; sailed from Nagasaki, October I, ar- rived at Yokohama, Japan, October 4; sailed from there October 6, reaching San Francisco Harbor, October 22; arrived at Presidio, October 23; mustered out November 2, 1899.
The conduct of the Iowa boys, in camp as well as on the firing line, will always be a source of pride to every citizen of the state. During their stay in Des Moines nothing but words of praise was heard of them. The citizens of San Francisco, where they were quartered for a much longer time, praised their gentlemanly conduct. The report of the adjutant general of visits he made to the various camps, is a fair sample of the reports received of our gallant boys. He says : "We arrived in Jacksonville, Florida, at 8:40 a. m. I made inquiry of a hotel porter, if he had seen any Iowa soldiers in the city that morning. He said, 'No. You don't see the Iowa soldiers loafing around town. They are soldiers.' We vis- ited the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Regiments and found them at that time in a very healthy condition. General Lee said the Iowa soldiers had set the pace for the whole Seventh Army Corps. I next visited the Fifty-first Regiment in their camp in the Presidio reservation, San Francisco. I found that the reputation of Iowa and Iowa soldiers had again been maintained, all San Francisco people and army officers praising the Iowa regiment as the finest body of volunteers that had come to San Francisco. Orderly and gentlemanly, ever ready to do their duty and obedient to orders."
The Spanish war was of short duration. It was the first time in fifty years, this nation had measured strength with a foreign foe, but proved to the world that the United States is a nation, and has won their admiration.
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Following is the, roster of the company, taken from the adjutant general's report: William B. Widner Bedford, captain; Richard J. Gaines, Greenfield, first lieutenant ; Ren. H. Fuller, Bedford, second lieutenant ; George B. Telford, Bedford, first sergeant, reduced to ranks September 20, 1898, discharged February 4, 1899, no cause assigned; Fred Payton, Bedford, quartermaster sergeant, promoted to first sergeant September 1, 1898; Milton H. Allen, Bed- ford, sergeant, promoted to quartermaster sergeant ; Lucian H. Winder, Bedford, sergeant, discharged January 14, 1899; George B. Telford, Bedford, sergeant, discharged February 4, 1899; Carl Swap, Bedford, sergeant, promoted from cor- poral, September 20, 1898; Leroy E. Reed, Bedford, sergeant; Don C. Flick, Bedford, sergeant; Beryl E. Paschal, Bedford, sergeant; Walter R. Combs, Bed- ford, corporal, wounded slightly in left forearm, May 31, 1899, at San Fernando ; Thomas J. Bassett, Bedford, corporal ; Benjamin A. Clark, Bedford, corporal; William B. Berry, Bedford, corporal, discharged July 28, 1899, to reenlist in Eleventh United States Volunteer Cavalry; Alfred G. Smith, Leon, corporal, discharged August 1, 1899, to reenlist in Eleventh United States Volunteer Cavalry ; William A. Reid, Clarksville, Missouri, corporal, discharged August 24, 1899, to enlist in Eleventh Cavalry ; Walter A. Fleming, Osceola, corporal; Archie M. Huston, Conway, corporal ; William M. Parrish, Bedford, corporal; Sherman W. Neff, Bedford, corporal; Guy A. Furr, Bedford, corporal, discharged July 28, 1899, to reenlist in Eleventh Cavalry, afterward killed in action; Thomas F. Payton, Bedford, corporal, discharged July 31, 1899, to reenlist in Eleventh Cavalry; William O. Lewis, Bedford, corporal; James E. Johnson, corporal; Bruce B. Boyd, Bedford, corporal, discharged October II, 1898, at San Francisco, for disability ; Clarence E. Moore, Bedford, corporal; Sidney P. Webb, Bedford, corporal; Charles W. Fry, Siam, musician; John Swap, Bedford, musician, dis- charged October 26, 1898, at San Francisco, for disability ; Bert C. Wyckoff, Bedford, musician, discharged July 28, 1899, to reelist in Eleventh Cavalry ; Arthur V. Davidson, Bedford, artificer, discharged August 1, 1899, to reenlist in Eleventh Cavalry; Milo J. Fulton, Bedford, wagoner; George W. Brown, Bedford, corporal, cook; Harry I. Adams, Bedford; Stowell C. Avery, Bedford; Thomas J. Bassett, Bedford ; Dick L. Bunton, Bedford; Emery L. Chilcote, Con- way; Delbert B. Clary, Bedford, discharged, January 10, 1899, San Francisco, disability ; Arthur Evans, Bedford; Bert O. Golding, Bedford, discharged March II, 1899; Max Guggi, Bedford, discharged December II, 1898, San Francisco, disability ; Don C. Hedrick, Bedford, discharged June 26, 1899, to reenlist in Thirty-sixth Cavalry ; George W. Hook, Bedford; Bert I. Klopp, Bedford ; Byron W. Liggett, Conway, discharged March 29, 1899; San Francisco ; Frank L. Marsh, Guss; Walter E. McCormick, Bedford; George Neff, Bedford; George C. Par- sons, Bedford; Joseph C. Shuff, Blockton ; Harley M. Stretch, Bedford, wounded in chin, May 31, 1899, San Fernando; William H. Wysong, Bedford. dis- charged November II, 1898, San Francisco, disability.
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