USA > Iowa > Warren County > The history of Warren County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., a biographical directory of its citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics &c > Part 62
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503
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
The following is the present business directory:
Variety Stores-J. & Z. G. Cooley, Mr. Sease. Boots and Shoes-D. Brown.
Blacksmiths-J. W. Waldrip and Wm. Kime.
Carpenter-V. M. Clary.
Harness-maker-Mr. Cannon.
Plasterer-George White.
Physicians-Drs. Wm. Miller, E. Welty.
Postmaster-Z. G. Cooley.
Wagon- Makers-Cooley & Bro.
Plasterer and Bricklayer-George White.
THE METHODIST CHURCH
.
Of Norwalk was organized in 1856, with Benoni Black, Mary Black, Peter Black, Thos. M. Wilson, Eliza Wilson, Jane Onstott, Jesse Huff, Mary Huff, George Blosser, Dorcas Blosser, John Kern, and Miriam Kern as its members; and Thos. M. Wilson as class leader. The church building, a neat frame, was built in 1868, at a cost of $3,600, and dedicated in 1869, by Rev. A. C. Williams and Rev. Sanford Haines. It has had the fol- lowing pastors: Joseph Knotts, Samuel Jones, Sanford Haines, J. M. Bly, A. H. Murphy, D. B. Clary, A. Kern, T. McK. Stewart, George Clammer, J. A. Smith, D. Lamont, J. J. D. Scoles, Rev. Kennedy, Dugald Thomp- son. Norwalk circuit formerly belonged to Hartford circuit. The division was made in 1862. Norwalk circuit at first contained preaching appoint- ments at Dowell's School-house, Greenbush, Stiles' School-house, Linn Grove School-house, Blake's School-house (Norwalk), Bnrkhead's School- house, and Flinn's School-honse (Madison county). At present there are four appointments: Norwalk, Pleasant Ridge, Linn Grove and Surbur's. The circuit owns a parsonage at Norwalk valned at $1,000. The present inemibership of the church is 105, and is rapidly increasing.
THE BAPTIST CHURCH
Was organized in 1867, and the present church built in 1869, at a cost of about $2,500, and dedicated in the fall of that year by Rev. G. J. Johnson, of St. Louis, Mo. It has had as pastors: Rev. Dr. J. A. Nash, T. J. Ar- nold, Uriah Mckay, S. Funk, Samuel W. Lee, Thomas Miller, and D. C. Ellis. It has a present membership of about thirty-five.
We are indebted to Mr. S. W. Baker, of Norwalk Lodge of Masons, for the following complete history of that lodge:
CHAMPION LODGE NO. 233, A. F. AND A. M.,
Was organized March 9th, 1868, working under a dispensation granted by Grand Master Renben Mickel, February 17th, 1868. The first officers were: E. H. Carter, W. M .; H. M. Close, S. W .; J. F. McGlothlin, J. W., who with C. W. Reeves, Robert Thompson, Thos. Leap, Jas. Cook, John Kern, and John Thompson, constituted the charter members. A charter was granted at the session of the Grand Lodge, which met in Des Moines, June 2d, 1869, Reuben Mickel Grand Master, and T. S. Parvin Grand Secretary, locating the Lodge in what was then known as Fort Plain (since changed to Spring
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HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
Hill.) The location not being very convenient for the membership, it was decided in January, 1870, to change it to Norwalk, the Grand Lodge con- curring.
A lot was purchased, and a substantial frame building, of good material, twenty-eight by thirty-six feet, erected, arranged for a store room on the first floor, and a lodge room on the second. The whole finished and fur- nished in good style. It is now owned jointly by the Lodge and Rev. J. Sease, each retaining an undivided interest. The original cost, including the furnishing of the hall, was $1,600.
The membership numbers thirty-one at the present time, and is in- creasing.
The officers are: Theo. Cook, W. M .; S. W. Baker, S. W .; J. W. Wal- drip, J. W .; E. S. Warren, Treasurer; Dr. E. Welty, Secretary; J. Swayne, S. D .; J. M. Baker, J. D .; G. H. Kull, Tyler.
Theo. Cooke represented the Lodge in the last Grand Annual Com- munication held at Dubuque. The regular meetings are held on the first Saturday evening on or preceding the full moon of each month. Its gen- eral condition may be considered as flourishing in every respect.
CHURCHVILLE.
A very small village in Jefferson township, was laid out by John Church- man in 1854. The church was built in 1859 or 1860.
The only business establishments in the place are as follows:
General Store .- Michael Grassman.
Wagon Shop .- Mr. Bartz.
LOTHROP.
This is a small railway station in Jefferson township, laid out in 1872, and named in honor of Col. Lothrop, of Winterset.
Its business is transacted by the following persons:
General Store .- John Leggett.
Station Agent .- R. F. Mack.
Grain Buyer .- R. F. Mack.
Stock Shippers .- L. S. Spencer and Henry Wakefield.
Blacksmith Shop .- Samuel McClain.
BEVINGTON.
This town has a population of one hundred and fifty. It is twelve miles east of Winterset, and is on the county line, a portion of the village only being in Warren county.
The town was laid out in 1872, and was named in honor of Dr. C. D. Bevington, a leading citizen of Winterset, and one of the most prominent business men of Madison county.
The first house was built by C. Haight in 1872-the building now known as the Bevington House. The same fall Felix McManus put up a business house.
The first marriage was that of John Gaskill to Miss Mary Smiley.
The town is an independent school district and has a school building that cost about $700. The average attendance is about forty.
505
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
The town has the following business:
General Stores .- Cason & Hugart, Felix McManus.
Furniture Store .- Otto Bussammus.
Physician .- T. F. Kelleher.
Blacksmiths .- Lewis Marks, E. C. Williamson.
Wagon-maker .- David Quick.
Hotels .- John G. Huglin, C. Haight.
Carpenter .- John Miles. Millinery .- Mrs. Maggie Miles.
Saloons .- James Lawler, Robert Montgomery.
Harness-maker .- H. D. Harrell.
Meat-market .- John D. Huglin.
Station Agent .- James McCloskey.
Drug Store .- George Shreves:
Postmaster .- W. T. Cason.
Stock Dealer .- W. M. Turk.
Lumber Dealer .- Barney Johnson.
Elevator .- Barney Johnson.
Agricultural Implements .- John Hall, William Turk.
ST. MARY'S
Is a small village in Jackson township, laid out in 1870 by G. M. Dur- schell. It contains a general store, Catholic church and school-house.
PALMYRA.
This town was laid ont by John Farley and John T. Moorman.
A fine woolen mill was formerly in operation in this place, which did an extensive business during and after the war, but which suspended some years ago.
Palmyra has always been celebrated for the excellent character of its public schools. The building is a two-story frame, arranged for two de- partments. F. M. Shippey is principal and W. H. Dearing, assistant.
The only church in the place is the Methodist, which was organized in 1855, with John Kitchell and wife, Silas Igo and wife, John Morris and wife, Michael Laverty and wife, and several others as members. The old church was built in 1855 at a cost of abont $1800, but this was replaced in 1870 by a new frame, costing $3,600, which was dedicated by Dr. Alex. Burns, president of Simpson Centenary College. Rev. Mr. Briggs was the first minister.
The present membership is abont sixty. This is probably about the second or third church organized in the county, and has done good work. The following is the business directory:
Dry Goods .- Bartholomew & Son.
Blacksmiths .- Payne & Marshall, A. Payne. Wagon Shop .-- A. H. Blanchard. Pottery .- George B. Ramsey, O. J. Fenton. Druggist .- J. C. Marietta. Harness Shop .- Thos. Sanders.
Physicians .- J. C. Marietta, J. D. Blake. Lodges .- I. O. O. F.
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HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
Hotel .- A. Payne. Butchers .- Tumblin Bros.
Churches .- Methodist. Painter .- G. W. Lingenfelter.
Postmaster .- G. M. Bartholomew.
ACKWORTH.
This town was laid out by J. M. and J. H. Haworth, in 1874. It has gained its principal importance from the fact that an educational institute, connected with the society of Friends, is located there.
In 1878 it secured the Chariton branch of the C. B. & Q. R. R., on which it is a station ..
In the spring of 1868, Jeptha Morgan, M. D., Isaac Starbuck, George D. Haworth, John Tomlinson, Samuel Owen, Jeremiah Haworth and his brother, John H., and other prominent citizens of Ackworth, met, organ- ized themselves into a stock company, and took stock to the amount of $6,000, in shares of five dollars each. Their purpose was to found a school of academic grade, and to build a house to accommodate the same.
The walls were built and the roof put on in 1869. In the summer of 1870 the house was completed, at a cost of about $7,000, and the first school was taught that fall, commencing abont the middle of October. While the company were building the house, they heard of a donation that they were about to receive from Ackworth, in England, where a good acad- demy has been conducted for over a hundred years. Some one suggested the name of Ackworth for the school. It was afterwards adopted, and be- came the name of the village that grew up in connection with the school. The donation from England was $1,000, given to start a library for the academy. Bnt by the bad management of the committee to whom the money was entrusted, the school received only abont $500 worth of books. John Chawner A. B. was the first principal. He taught seven and one- half months in 1870 and 1871, beginning about the middle of October, 1870. His salary was one hundred dollars per school month, or $900 per year. Under Chawner, the school was very successful; but the following year it began to decrease in numbers.
For the years of 1872 and 1873 Daniel W. Henley was engaged, salary, seventy-five dollars per month.
By the close of the winter, in March 1873, the school had so decreased in numbers that the board saw fit to discontinue him. In 1873 there was no spring term. The board then employed Lnther Hadley for the years of 1873 and 1874, salary $450 per year. The school started well enough, but was not a success. In the fall of 1874 the citizens of the vicinity paid Hadley's salary by subscription, and made the school free for all who wished to go. About thirty-five pupils entered, but several of them stopped before the close of the term. The winter term of 1874 and 1875 L. Hadley was again employed. He opened with twenty-five, but closed with five only. Abont a week before that term closed, Ackworth was vis- ited by E. W. Beard, a citizen of Lee county, Iowa, who applied for the principalship. He offered to take the school for what he could make it pay, paying no rent, but paying his own expenses, and keeping the house in repair. The board accepted his proposition. He arranged a course, had circulars printed and scattered. He returned to Lee county, sold his
507
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
property, settled up his affairs, and within three weeks from the time he first saw Ackworth, he moved in. A few days later he opened school, assisted by his son, J. O. Beard. He enrolled thirty-five pupils.
In the fall there were over fifty, and in the winter sixty-six, in attend- ance. Since that time, the school has gradually increased in numbers. E .. W. Beard, who is still principal, came to Henry county, Iowa, from In- diana, in the fall of 1837, and excepting about two and one-half years, he. has spent his life in this state. He taught his first school in the winter of 1856 and 1857, and has been teaching ever since, with the exception of three summer and two fall terms.
The school has no endowment, and is at present self supporting; paying the principal a salary of about $1,000 per year, and the assistant about $500. The future prospects of the school are brighter than at any prev- ions time since its organization.
The following is the course of study at the Institute as given in its cir- cular:
COURSE OF STUDY-PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.
Orthograghy, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic to Percentage, Map-Draw- ing and Topical Geography, Elementary Analysis and Construction of Sen- tences, and Classification of Words, Essays and Declamations.
FIRST ACADEMIC YEAR.
Fall Term .- Arithmetic completed, White; Philosophy, Well; English Grammar.
Winter Term .- Algebra, Loomis, Higher; Physiology, Cutter; English Grammar, U. S. History, Anderson's Popular.
Spring Term .- Algebra, to Quadratics, Loomis; U. S. History and Civil Government, Townsend; Physiology, Cutter; Rhetoric, Hart.
Essays, Declamations and Criticism throughout the year.
SECOND ACADEMIC YEAR.
Fall Term .- Algebra, Loomis; Chemistry, Hooker; Word Analysis, Swinton.
Winter Term .- Algebra, Chemistry, Hooker.
Spring Term .- Geometry, Loomis; English Literature, Collier; Physi- cal Geography, Guyot.
Essays, Orations and Criticism throughout the year.
THIRD ACADEMIC YEAR.
Fall Term .- Geometry completed, Loomis; English History, Green; Zoology, Tenny.
Winter Term .- Trigonometry, Loomis; Political Economy, Perry; En- glish History, Green.
Spring Term .- Surveying, Gillespie; Ethics, Dymond; Botany, Wood. Essays, Orations and Criticism throughout the year.
Careful training in Reading and Penmanship.
Students intending to make a collegiate course can have the benefit of three years in Latin in addition to the English course.
508
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
Lectures by teachers and others semi-monthly.
Our aim, as teachers, is to develop in our pupils a high moral purpose, true self-reliance, and an energy and determination that will not shrink from the difficult, but achieve success as the measure of merit.
The Society of Friends had a society at Ackworth, one of the principal ones in the State.
The town is represented by the following branches of business:
General Store .- Pritchard & Stanley.
Harness Shop .- John M. Coffin.
Blacksmith Shop .- Mahlon Stanton.
Ackworth Institute .- E. W. Beard.
Hotels .- Mrs. H. Moon.
Churches .- Society of Friends in the Institute building.
Wagon Shop .- A. Mendenhall.
Grain .-- Eickenberry & Co.
Shoemaker .-- J. H. Hutcheson.
MADORA.
This village is in Squaw township. It was laid out in 1870 by Charity D. Rice.
The business of the place is conducted by the following persons:
General Stores .- T. C. Pressly, Dulcina Gny.
Blacksmith .- I. N. Potter.
Physician .- O. E. Baker, J. W. Long.
Stock Buyer .- P. C. McGriff.
Hotel .-- Frank Hemstreet.
Justice of the Peace and Notary Public .- Fred Johnson.
NEW VIRGINIA.
This town is situated in the southwestern township of the county, about equally distant from the Clarke county line on the south and the Madison county line on the west.
It was first laid out in the spring of 1856, but the plat was not recorded until 1859. It was owned by John Felton, Francis H. Reed, Absalom Knotts, and Joseph Knotts.
The first lots were sold at the rate of twenty-five dollars apiece.
The town has become quite an important one in the county, having post- office, two churches, Masonic lodge, etc., together with a hotel, blacksmith shop, and everything to supply the conveniences of life.
The Methodist church of New Virginia was organized before the town was laid out, in 1855, with John Felton and wife, Julia A. Knotts, Matilda Strock, William Reed and wife, Nancy Felton and Absalom Sayers and wife as original members.
The church is a frame and was built in 1863 at a cost of $2500, and dedicated in the autumn of the same year by Rev. E. M. H. Fleming, pre- siding elder.
Jesse Sherwood, Abram Lauback, J. R. Cary, Samuel Jones, Joseph Knotts, John Hestwood, John Daley, M. Sheets, A. J. Smith, Geo. Clammer, A. Murphy and M. R. Harned have all officiated as ministers.
The number of the present membership is about one hundred.
509
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
There is in connection with the church a large and flourishing Sabbath- school, in which all seem to take a great interest and it has been productive of great good to the cause.
The church holds revivals every winter.
The first sermon was from the text, "Stand fast in the faith; quit ye yourselves like men," by Rev. Jesse Sherwood.
The Baptist church was organized in March, 1870, with C. F. Morris, J. W. Greene, B. F. Clay, J. F. Beymer, G. N. Beymer, O. Church, A. Ham- ilton, A. Morris. Ladies -- E. Read, Nancy Green, M. E. Clay, Jane Mor- ris, S. Beymer, A. Church, M. B. Kiplinger, and Martha Morris as its orig- inal members.
The church is a frame one, well built and comfortably furnished, and was erected in 1872 at a cost of about $2,000, and was dedicated August 20, 1873, by Rev. J. M. Wood, assisted by the Rev. A. Robins, the pastor.
It has liad as pastors Rev. R. B. Messenger, Rev. Edwards, Rev. A. Wells, Rev. A. Robins, Rev. Samuel W. Lee, and Rev. Mr. Smithi. The present membership is only about sixteen.
Neophite Lodge No. 301, A. F. & A. M., was chartered June 1, 1871, with J. F. Honnold as W. M .; D. T. Schultz as J. W .; N. E. Wilson as S. W .; J. A. Reed as Treas .; Dr. J. C. Wilson as J. D .; J. A. Reed, S. D .; T. B. Willey, T., and A. J. Smith as Sec'y.
A lodge room was built soon after, but it burned down in April, 1877, and the lodge lost all its furniture, equipments and its entire property, with no insurance. The present officers are: A. Irwin, W. M ; J. A. Read, S. W .; J. A. Morgan, J. W .; J. B. Read, Treas .; Lee Talbott, Sec .; W. H. Hurbut, S. D .; H. C. Ludington, D. The regular meetings are held on the Saturday night on or before the full moon. The lodge is now doing very well, and is rapidly recovering from its misfortune in 1877.
LIBERTY CENTRE.
Liberty Centre was laid out by J. W. Proctor and J. Davidson in 1875, on land owned by Jeremiah Boston, but the plat was not recorded until 1878. The plat contained seven and one-half acres originally.
The post-office was established in the place in 1867, long before the town was laid ont.
There is a good school, and the Odd Fellows and Masons both have flour- ishing lodges there.
Senne Lodge, No. 334, A. F. & A. M., was chartered in 1874, with the following officers: E. Binkard, W. M .; J. M. Kinzey, S. W .; J. A. Mor- gan, J. W .; J. E. Davidson, Treasurer; D. J. M. Wood, Secretary; James Boston, S. D .; H. Dunn, J. D .; R. Kimsey and Thomas Walton, Trustees.
The lodge has about thirty members now, and the officers are as follows: Hiram Dunn, W. M .; Piggott, S. W .; L. W. Boston, J. W .; C. P. Kennedy, Treas .; L. L. Mosier, Sec .; James Boston, S. D .; W. S. Story, J. D. Its meetings are held Saturday night on or before the full moon of each month.
Warren Lodge No. 287, I. O. O. F., was chartered in August, 1874. Its first officers were: Amos Smith, N. G .; Hendrix Cool, V. G .; Elisha Wright, Secretary; and E. W. Trimble, Treasurer.
The lodge has a comfortable hall and about seventy members. Its meet- ings are held on Saturday evening of each week, and has the following offi-
516
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
cers: Joseph McCollam, N. G .; W. H. Mckinney, V. G .; F. M. Bierce, Recording Secretary; Samnel S. Campfield, Corresponding Secretary; Na- than Hite, Treasurer.
A Rebecca Lodge, Hannah Lodge No. 92, is also conducted in connec- tion with the order.
SANDYVILLE.
This town is situated in Union Township. It was laid out in 1851 by Wm. J. Sandy, from whom it took its name.
The first house was built by I. M. Sherman. James Stafford and J. Moorman opened ont the first general store, in 1854, and packed the first pork in 1855.
It has an excellent school and two or three churches, but we have not received returns from any of them.
Attentive Ear Lodge, No. 190, A. F. & A. M., was organized under a dispensation, March 13th, 1866, with the following officers: Wm. Oliver, W. M .; L. Jolly, S. W .; J. W. Brandon, J. W .; George W. Heiney, Treas- urer; M. Jameison, Secretary. The lodge has no hall, but occupies a rented building.
Since its organization in 1866, forty-six members have been initiated, and the number of members in good standing at present is twenty-nine ; and the officers are: H. J. Fetters, W. M .; L. W. Botkin, S. W .; J. G. Sandy, J. W .; H. Breese, Treasurer; C. H. Carpenter, Secretary. The lodge is in good working condition.
Sandyville Lodge No. 298, I. O. (). F., was instituted October 29th, 1874, by E. W. Hartman, D. D. G. M. The charter members were Philip Pickering, Paron Hillyard, C. M. Burnett, W. D. Hoblit and James B. Darr. The first elective officers were Paron Hillyard, N. G .; Philip Pick- ering, V. G .; W. D. Hoblit, Secretary; James B. Darr, Treasurer. The lodge has no hall of its own, but ocenpies a hall over Brown's store, in Sandyville. Present number of members, 42. Present value of property, $125. The present elective officers are W. D. Hoblit, N. G .; J. D. Hoblit, V. G .; J. W. Moon, Secretary; A. A. Carpenter, Treasurer. But two members have died, George Johnson and Will E. Bundy. Pay sick ben- efits $3.00 per week. Funeral benefits $30.00, on death of brother, and $15.00 on death of wife of a member. Have a good Rebecca Degree Lodge.
MILO.
This is the newest town in the county. It was laid out this year by Mr. S. H. Mallory, the builder of the railroad from Chariton to Indianola, and the town was retained by him when the railroad was transferred to the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway.
It has grown very rapidly and bids fair soon to be the largest and most important town in the county outside of the county seat.
It has a fine location and is a sufficient distance from any other town to enable it to grow and flourish. It has been very fortunate, too, in securing an excellent class of business men to whom the development of its in- terests may be entrusted.
It will probably grow so rapidly because of the fine conntry by which it is surrounded that it will incorporate at no distant day.
511
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
The old town of Hammondsburgh, in Otter township, and the small vil- lage of Schonburg, in Belmont, have been removed to Milo.
The business is now transacted by the following men and firms:
General Stores .- J. A. Overbay, Geo. W. Burgess, P. Smith & Com- pany, John F. Goode.
Drug Store .- Dr. S. A. Cooper.
Wagon and Blacksmithing .- V. Warner, Mr. Giles.
Elevator and Grain Dealers .- Eichenberry & Co.
Physicians .- T. McNaughton, Dr. S. A. Cooper.
Postmaster .- G. W. Burgess.
Harness Shop .- George Hamilton.
Tin Shop .- S. W. Squires.
LACONA.
This town was laid ont by Willis Clevinger and Samuel Myers, in 1856. It has now grown into a place of some importance. It is proposed to incorporate the town soon.
It is a station on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, and has, perhaps, some two or three hundred population.
The business is conducted by the following firms:
General Stores .- E. G. Bartlett, D. B. Graham, C. C. Collins.
Drug Store .- H. C. Sanford, L. Fisher.
Postmaster .- E. G. Bartlett.
Blacksmith and Wagon Shops .- Conrad & Brothers, T. C. French, E. A. Smith.
Cabinet Shop .- Cochrane & Higby, L. Sommers.
Newspaper .- The Lacona Record, by Record Publishing Company.
Grist Mill .- Myers & Mckinley.
Butcher Shop .- Mitchell & Sargent.
Physicians .- John Miller, I. Starr, S. H. Nicol.
Lawyers .- J. Y. Stier, Joseph McCollom.
Church .- United Presbyterian.
Public School- Two Departments .- Henry Conrad, director.
The Lacona United Presbyterian Church was organized November 24, 1865, with Dr. A. J. Applegate, Mrs. Jane Applegate, Mr. W. J. Cochrane, Mrs. Eliza E. Cochrane, Mr. John Johnston, John M. Cochrane, Donald Johnston, Wmn. McClennan, Ellen McClennan, Margaret Yost, Helen Feathers, T. B. Daniels, Catharine Daniels, R. Bissett and Anna Bissett.
The church, a frame, was built in 1866, at a cost of about $1,500, and was open for the Sabbath school exercises in June, 1866, and for services in October of the same year.
The following have been pastors: Andrew McCartney, from July, 1865, to July, 1869; Daniel Harris, from the spring of 1870 to November, 1877. The present pastor, Andrew McCartney, commenced his labors in January, 1879.
The membership numbers about ninety. The church has had a regular increase from its organization-not rapid but real and substantial .. Its Sabbath school has been well attended from the beginning, and now has over one hundred pupils in attendance. Dr. Nicol is at present superin- tendent. The weekly prayer meeting and monthly temperance meetings have been and are well attended by members and others.
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TOWNSHIPS.
As has been before stated, on the authority of Mr. Elijah M. Haines, " The township system had its origin in Massachusetts, and dates back to 1635.
"The first legal enactment concerning this system provided that 'whereas, particular towns have many things which concern only themselves and the ordering of their own affairs, and disposing of business in their own towns, therefore the freemen of every town, or the major part of them, shall only have power to dispose of their own lands and woods, with all the appurte- nances of said towns, to grant lots, and make such orders as may concern the well-ordering of their towns, not repugnant to the laws and orders established by the General Court. * *
"Similar provisions for the incorporation of towns were made in the first Constitution of Connecticut, adopted in 1639; and the plan of township organization, as experience proved its remarkable economy, efficacy and adaptation to the requirementt of a free and an intelligent people, became universal thronghont New England, and went westward with the emigrants from New England into New York, Ohio, and other western States."
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