The history of Washington County, Iowa, its cities, towns, and c., a biographical directory of its citizens, Part 45

Author:
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Des Moines : Union Historical Co.
Number of Pages: 720


USA > Iowa > Washington County > The history of Washington County, Iowa, its cities, towns, and c., a biographical directory of its citizens > Part 45


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EARLY COUNTY OFFICERS AND FINANCES.


As before stated, the first election was held in August, 1839. This elec- tion, it is hardly necessary to say, had nothing of the nature of a political contest. The object was simply to organize the county, and political dif- ferences had not yet appeared in the county. But very soon there came a change.


The citizens were then generally quiet, industrious and peaceable with one another. Occasional differences and disputes arose, which, in the main, were soon overlooked, or forgotten on account of their necessary and mutual dependence for aid and convenience, as well as for common defense in their pioneer homes.


353:


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


Dissensions and enmities, however, began to creep in gradually, as the settlement progressed, and continued to increase in working mischief very much in proportion as the settlement became more independently situated and more exclusive in their devotion to self-interest and advancement.


This unwelcome spirit of dissension began to manifest itself to the pub- lic most clearly perhaps, about the time the proclamation of the organiz- ing sheriff announced the organization of the county, which would create numerous offices to be filled from the ranks of first voters.


These offices, during the first term, of course, presented no great induce- ment for being very eagerly sought after so far as salary was concerned ;. but then they afforded positions of influence and preference, and they might, in the near future, prove very convenient stepping-stones to more. Incrative and influential positions; beside, it was no mean thing to be elected to fill the first offices created in the new county. In this regard they afforded considerable inducement for being sought after by those who were at all inclined toward official distinction, and they called forth numer- ous aspirants.


At that time as well as now, doubtless, there was a good per cent of wortby, influential citizens who, so far as their own desire for official posi- tion was concerned, were entirely disinterested in the political canvass .. These persons sought no such positions for themselves, and would not accept one if offered. Public applause and criticism were not at all coveted by them. Nevertheless they were as deeply interested in the wefare of the county as any other citizen, and had a decided preference for those who- should receive their votes. They desired to entrust the county government to efficient, trustworthy men, who were willing to assume the responsibility,. and capable of conducting it in an efficient and capable manner, while they themselves were content to engage in some other department of the county's progress, more congenial to their tastes and dispositions. On the other hand, there were always enough of those who would accept these official positions-more or less reluctantly or cheerfully-if duly elected, or urged a little to fill them; so that it was soon found the various offices. were not sufficient to give each of the aspirants a position. Evidently some of these must gain the honored distinction, while others must be left out, part of whom, doubtless, would be disappointed not a little over their defeat.


Who, then, of these various aspirants, were the best qualified to fill these several positions? Who had the most deserved claim on the public sup- port? Who were the shrewdest political tricksters and wire-pullers? Who, of all the number, could wield the most extended and effective influence, either by honorable or, it may be, by unfair means in securing the majority vote? These, and many other questions of similar character, would quite naturally arise, even in the minds of early settlers, as the memorable first. election day drew near, when they must each receive a decisive answer at the ballot-box.


Washington county has been somewhat fortunate in its selection of officers .. Most of them have been very good men and the standard of excellence as at first established was high enough for all time to come.


The office in which the people are doubtless most interested is that of treasurer, because its mal-administration touches the pockets more directly and sooner than any other. But little trouble has been experienced from this source, and we proceed to give an account of it.


354


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


One of the first treasurers was Liston A. Houston, whose accounts at the time of his death, showed that he was in debt to the county. Upon retir- ing from office the accounts remained unsettled, and prior to his death many efforts had been made to arrange the difficulty.


The first record concerning the matter was made on the 8th of October, 1845, when Jonathan H. Wilson, at that time county treasurer, made his report to the county commissioners of his investigation of the accounts of. Mr. Houston. It appearing from this report that Mr. Houston's accounts were $1,500 short, the treasurer was instructed to collect that amount from the bondsmen, who were allowed until the first Monday in January, 1846, to make full payment; the time was afterward extended till April. -


An exhibit of the receipts and expenditures of the county which first ap- pears on record, was made on the 17th of January, 1842, for the year 1841. It was as follows:


Notes and cash for sale of lots in the town of Washington $ 2505 35


Taxes levied


338 65


Total


$ 2844 00


Expenditures for the town of Washington


$ 1432 16₺


« « county


1531 68


Total


$ 2953 84₺


Deficit of 1840


$ 447 89


Deficit of 1841


662 42


Total


1110 31


From a report published on the 15th of July, 1857, by Joseph R. Lewis, acting county judge, we get the following items:


Total resources of county $ 20994 87


Total expenditures of county 14748 32


Excess of resources


$ 6246 53


The salaries of the county officers were .:


Judge.


737 75


Treasurer and Recorder


737 75


Clerk of Court


737 75


Prosecuting Attorney .


287 14


Sheriff


62 25


Total


$ 2562 64


The next case of difficulty in money matters occurred with Samuel M. Cox, who was treasurer and recorder from 1857 to 1859. In the investiga- tion of this case, we find the following report of a committee, which fully


355


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


explains this matter, as well as gives a good idea of the finances of the county at that time:


"In accordance with a resolution passed by the honorable board of su- pervisors at the regular session of January last, we, the members, appointed a committee to investigate the financial condition of the county from the year 1856 to the 1st of January, 1861, including the settlement of the late treasurer, beg leave to make the following report:


"The most of the financial operations for the fiscal years of 1856, 1857, 1858 and 1859, being resumed in the balance sheet made out between S. M. Cox and the county judge at the beginning of January, 1860, your commit- tee went to a long and careful examination of said settlement, and in their final resume came so near to the general result obtained by the county judge and the late treasurer, that they took it as a basis upon which all other calculations could be rested to the satisfaction of the connty, the late and the new treasurer.


"Our footings of the delinquency of 1856, did somewhat vary from the settlement with Cox, as we in our rural simplicity, took down as delinquent all that was not marked paid; but we were afterward apprised, to our satis- faction, that accounts which had a simple cross or a vulgar fly speck in the margin, had been paid by the late treasurer, and so the said variance was fully explained, if that primitive manner of keeping books remains unjnsti- fied.


" Your committee while in session was apprised that several citizens, whom our present treasurer with laudable zeal had somewhat dunned for the payment of long standing delinquencies, had exhibited receipts for said taxes signed by S. M. Cox or his deputy. We were also apprised by our present treasurer, that treasurer's certificates signed by Cox had been pre- sented for payment of county taxes which he had, of course, to receive.


"In order to enable your committee to make a final settlement with the late treasurer who offered to account for said receipts and certificates by his attorney, your committee issued from five hundred to six hundred circulars to the residents of the county who appeared to be delinquent on the tax lists of 1856, 1857 and 1858, requesting them to pay or show their re- ceipts, if they had any. A goodly number answered the call and handed in their receipts, for which our treasurer gave duplicates. Others claimed to have paid but have lost their receipts, but offer parol testimony for proof and others less fortunate are willing to be qualified to the fact they allege. Your committee is of the opinion that if the county should fail in the prosecution for taxes in the latter case above referred to, then could said amounts also be recovered against the late treasurer. But your committee forbears any suggestion on the matter. Your committee regretted very much to be unable to reach the non-residents by circulars, as possibly among them some also hold receipts for delinquencies, that Cox has not accounted for.


" You will find the differences existing between S. M. Cox and the coun- ty up to the 3d of May in an agreed statement, made between your com- mittee of the first part, and J. R. Lewis, attorney for S. M. Cox, of the second part, with all the reserves as to further discoveries in Exhibit A.


"Cox has collected the following amounts for which he has not ac- counted:


356


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


ON TAX LIST OF 1856.


$ 79 80


County


State 55 54


Road


34 74


Bridge


36 73


"Upon which amounts interest is to be collected from June 1st, 1857' at the rate of six per cent.


ON TAX LIST OF 1857.


County


$ 76 54


State


103 86


Bridge


28 25


School


55 34


Upon which amounts interest is to be collected from July 1st, 1858, at the rate of six per cent.


ON THE TAX LIST OF 1858.


County


$ 41 84


State


27 31


School


27 32


School.house


4 05


District


16 92


Railroad


35 22


ON TAX LIST OF 1859.


County


$ 6 15


State.


4 24


School


2 83


School-house


15 92


District


1 41


Railroads


5 44


Treasurer's certificates


152 03


" The total amount of these delinquencies of Mr. Cox is $821.48, with in- terest to be added as specified in the above exhibit.


" There was an unwillingness manifested by Mr. Lewis to account with and pay to the county the collection of State taxes unaccounted for by Cox in the tax lists of 1856, 1857, 1858 and 1859, but as the law of 1858, and its legitimate offspring of 1860 make the county responsible to the State for said amounts, a special resolution of your boad may be needed to obviate any difficulties that might arise from that difference of opinion.


" Your committee would further observe that on road tax of 1856 we brought out the late treasurer delinquent for the taxes collected and unac- counted for to the amount of $81.97, and on the road tax of 1857 to the amount of $75.57, but he got the liability of 1856 entirely canceled and that of 1856 reduced to $34.84, as shown in our exhibit, by the production . of some receipts of the year 1857, amounting to $122.78, which he had


357


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


mislaid at the time of settlement, and which were now, by your commit- tee, on examination, received in payment, duly canceled and filed with your clerk,


" We suggest the propriety of an order to the treasurer under the super- vision of your committee, to credit on the tax lists of the proper year, the accounts of those persons who have surrendered their road receipts, and an order to the clerk to credit on the treasurer's books the road account of the treasurer with the aggregate amount.


The same committee made a report of the county expenses from July 2d, 1860, to December 31, 1860, a period of about six months, from which it appears that the current expenses for the county during that time amounted to $5,085.48 as follows:


Township clerks and trustees. $ 150 80


District court


956 66


Elections


290 48


Roads


31 00


Sundries


70 55


Stationery, blanks and books


495 85


Paupers


385 27


Criminal prosecutions before justices


64 00


County judge's salary


475 00


Treasurer's salary


475 00


Clerk's salary


475 00


Sheriff's salary .


90 00


Deputies' salary.


115 58


Keeping prisoners


319 79


Wolf scalps. 16 00


District attorney


147 50


Attorneys in R. R. suits


172 25


Per cent paid to Greene & Stone


100 00


Abstract of land entries.


150 00


Interest on county orders


7 89


Balance against treasury


96 85


While not as much, by far, as at present it was an alarming increase over the expenditures as given in January, 1842, whereas the total expenses of the county for the year 1841 amounted to $2,953.342 while the expenses of the county for the last half of the year 1860 amounted to $5,085.48.


In comparing the expenses of the county we must bear in mind that while the expenses of $2,953.84} in 1841 grew to the sum of $5,085.48 for the last half of the year 1860 that in that time the population of the county increased from about sixteen hundred in 1841 to over fourteen thousand in 1860; and while the entire taxable personal property of the county in 1839 was but $28,025 it amounted in 1860 to $935,915.


In treating of the finances of the county in early times it is thought ex- pedient to insert the


FIRST TAX LIST.


The list bears the date of 1839 and it being the first one prepared for the county and not being very voluminous it is well worth preservation be- cause it shows who the first tax-payers were, the rate of levy and the avail- able revenues of the county:


358


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


NAMES.


VALUATION. TAX.


NAMES.


VALUATION.


TAX.


Ball, William.


$ 20


$0 10%


Moore, Richard. ...


$189


$ 94₺


Basey, William ....


175


67호


Moore, Amos .. ..


10


05


Baker, Nathan. . .


80


40


Maulsby, J. C ....


55


27₺


Baker, Thomas .. ..


70


35


Mount, John G. ...


370


1 85


Buel, Elias.


280


1 40


Mowrey, John ....


103


51¿


Black, Jolın. ...


53


26₺


Molony, James ....


5


023


Banes, James .. . ..


60


30


Miller, James . . .


25


12%


Ball, Nelson


62


31


Miller, John D .. ...


8


04


Buckhanon, John ..


15


77


Mire, David .. . .


45


22₺


Blair, Samuel .. . ..


120


60


Moorand, Lefever.


114


57


Beach, Seneca ....


145


72₺


Neel, John W


105


524


Brier, John.


795


3 97₺


Neil, John


89


44%


Crill, John, Sr ....


107


53%


Neil, Joseph ..


142


71


Crill, David. Crill, John, Jr. ...


10


05


Osburn, C. W ....


117


58%


Conner, Wm.


..


60


30


Osburn, David ....


76


38


Calwell, Thomas ..


308


1 54


Osburn, Neomie ...


255


1 27}


Clemens, E.


405


2 023


Pence, Isaac .. . ...


239


1 19%


Camel, James.


70


35


Pence, Samuel ....


394


1 97


Camel, John.


439


2 19₫


Parks, George .....


238


1 19


Cooke, Cyrus.


290


1 45


Powers, Daniel ....


708


3 54


Cooper, S. B. . ...


130


65


Pennington, John ..


75


37}


Cajteel, Caliwa. ...


25


12₺


Ritchey, Thomas ..


357


1 78₺


Crippin, Samuel ... ..


606


3 06


Risk, Robert.


257


1 334


Augustine, Michael


240


1 20


Ruble, Theodore ...


20


10


Duke, John .. ....


220


1 10


Ray, Samuel.


20


10


Duke, Elizabeth .. .


65


34₺


Stone, H. A ..


. ..


255


1 271


Dayton, Lenox. ...


188


95


Smith, Hugh. . .


208


1 04


Davis, Philips .. ..


60


30


Livingston, Win. ..


50


25


Earl, Joseph . . . .. .


485


2 42%


Stout, John ..


...


115


571


Enos, James .. ... .


185


924


Smith, James.


90


45


Fariar, George ....


128


64


Sims, John P


50


25


Freta, Jeremiah D.


80


40


Shelton, John


220


1 01


Franklin, John ... .


80


40


Sweet, C. E.


20


10


Goble, David, Sr ...


185


92₺


Temple, Conrad ...


211


1 054


Goble, David, Jr ..


266


1 33


Teeple, S. P


159


79%


Gearhart, Samuel ..


360


1 80


Teal, David


155


773


Gorden, Thomas ...


195


87₴


- Thornton, Wm. B.


155


77%


Grimsley, John .. .


210


1 05


Thorne, Francis ...


40


20


Gorden, Jeremiah ..


130


65


Wood, John D ....


189


941


Griswold, Alfred ..


10


05


Wilson, Thomas ...


172


86


Grimsby, Wm ....


94


47


Wasson, Jacob ....


446


2 23


Goble, Harrison ...


110


55


Webster, Asa .....


319


1 593


Gilbannates, T. A.


50


25


Washburn, Silas ...


25


123


Galbrieth, Wm. ...


65


323


Waldrige, Isaac ... Ayers, Wm.


298


1 49


Hulock, John. ...


218


1 09


Blair, Joel P. . .


..


16


08


Hulock, Abraham.


255


1 27₺


Bedwell, Martin ...


433


2 16


Hulock, Tunis ...


75


37₴


Bagley, M.


50


25


Holcomb, Milo ....


220


1 10 Bristow, Wm. . .


365


1 82%


Hiatt, Elihu H ....


88


44 Butter, John.


10


05


.


20


10


Neil, Robert.


105


51%


+


.


60


30


Galbrieth, Robert ..


65


32%


. .


359


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


NAMES.


VALUATION. TAX.


NAMES.


VALUATION.


TAX.


Hiatt, Stephen .. . .


$180


$ 90


Bunker, David. ...


$ 90


$ 45


Hiatt, Jesse. .


510


2 50


Colens, M


160


80


Hudson, Wm. V ..


80


40


Devall, Wm ..


..


...


350


1 75


Harrison, H .. ...


12


06


Franklin, John ....


310


1 55


Henderson, John ..


159


782


Fancher, Wmn. M ..


14


07


Henderson, Allen.


72


36


Gill, Mitchell ... . . .


200


1 00


Hiatt, Reuben ....


145


724


Davis, Philips .. ...


80


40


Harvey, Wm. L ...


348


1 74


Haskell, C. D ..


.


. .


20


10


Jamison, Robert .. .


285


1 423


Houston, John ...


220


1 10


Junkin, James ...


260


1 30


Higginbottom, Jas. Hoskins, Wmn. ...


20


10


Jackson, John ....


321


1 60み


Eadstine, Joseph ...


00


00


Kinsman, Orson O.


78


39


Janes, David.


.


305


1 57分


Kendall, Jeremiah.


230


1 15


Lawcy, Wm.


300


1 50


Lion, John ..


534


2 57


Miller, Aaron. ..


407


2 03₫


Lewis, Charles


15


07}


Miller, John A ... .


100


50


Long, Joel .


220


1 10


Myers, David


. .


446


2 23


Long, Wiley.


354


1 77


Moorland, Lefever ..


215


1 07号


Long, John


515


2 573


Livermore, Wilson.


100


50


McVey, John .. ...


20


10


Ormsby, Abraham ..


250


1 25


Moorhead Matthew


190


95


Russell, Wm


.


575


2 87號


Maley, Washington


306


1 53


Reed, James.


262


1 31


Maley, John.


140


70


Wasson, John.


70


35


Manson, Adelphns


65


.323


Moore, James .....


107


83}


Total


$ 28,029 $140 144


By examination of this list it will be seen that bnt fifty-nine persons paid a tax amounting to one dollar; fourteen paid a tax amonnting to two dol- lars or over, and but three persons paid three dollars or over. John Brier seems to have been the capitalist of those days, as he had property estimated at $795, and was assessed a tax of $3.92}; this was the highest tax paid by any one in the county.


Next follows Daniel Powers, whose property was valued at $708, and his tax amounted to $3.54, and who had the honor of being the next to the heaviest tax payer in the county.


The third gentleman who was tax ridden to the extent of three dollars or over, was Samuel Crippin, whose property was valued at $606, and his tax was $3.03.


Out of this list of over two hundred and fifty names, but twenty-five are marked paid, or less than ten per cent. It is safe to presume that the re- mainder of the tax was allowed to become delinquent, and was collected as the delinquent tax is now collected.


In addition to this, there was the same year levied a poll-tax of seventy- five cents, amonnting in all to $141, consequently the entire revenues of the county for the first year after its organization, arising from taxation, amounted to $281.14}; provided the tax levy was all collected, which is very


23


·


30


15


Hudson, Richard ..


80


40


Edwards, Mary.


110


55


Hoskins


165


62₺


Haskell, A. H ..


195


974


Jourden, Isaac. ...


270


1 35


Mason, Wm .. ...


470


2 35


Wells, White


150


75


360


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


improbable, since people in those days were even more migratory than now, and it is safe to presume that many left without rendering to Caesar his dues.


To illustrate how the revenues increased, the fact is again referred to, that in 1841 there was collected for taxes the sum of $388.65.


It would be an interesting study to examine the gradual and continued increase of revenue by taxation from the first to the present time, and by comparing this increase with the increase of population, determine how the one has kept pace with the other. In doing this we should doubtless be surprised to find that while the increase in population from one year to an- other has been almost unparalleled, nevertheless those who did levy taxes and those who did appropriate them fully, kept pace with the onward march of events.


In 1870 the total valuation of all the property in the county was $4, 885,- 989; the total tax levy was $188,821.91, and of this levy $97,544.18 was for railroads.


In 1875 the total valuation was $5,455,819; the total levy was $125,365.81, a reduction of some $63,000, owing to the fact that the levy for railroad bonds was but $43,733.70, against $97,544.18 in the year 1870, or a reduc- tion in this item alone of some $50,000.


In 1878 the total valnation was $5,505,922; the levy was $135,131.20, an increase of some $10,000, while the levy for railroads was but $34,931.20, or some $10,000 less than in the year 1875.


In 1879 the monetary depression which had set in the year previous, af- fected the valuation as well as the levy; the valuation was $5,305,503; the levy was $120,367.39, of which the sum of $29,780.62 was levied as aid to railroads.


The levy for a number of years has been abont ten mills for the usual and inevitable county and state expenses, seldom, if ever, any less, and usually a trifle more. For the years 1878 and 1879 it was as follows:


1878.


1879.


State


2


mills. State .2 mills.


County


4 mills.


County


. 4 mills.


School


1 mill.


School 1 mill.


Bridge


1} mills.


Bridge


2 mills.


Insane


1} mills.


Insane. 1} mills.


Poor House


.1 mill.


Poor House .1 mill.


Total


11 mills.


Total 11} mills.


The amount raised by taxation, in the county, during the past four years, was the very respectable sum of five hundred and forty thousand, five hun- dred and twenty-one dollars and sixty-two cents ($540,521.62), or abont ten per cent of the total valuation of 1879. The specific purposes to which this money was appropriated during this time were as follows:


361


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


1876.


State tax.


11,236 33


County tax.


16,854 49


Insane hospital.


5,618 16


R. R. bond.


44,945 30


Bridge .


11,236 33


County school.


5,618 16


District


36,498 57


City


1,676 82


N. G. R. R.


16,671 10


Road.


3,713 64


County poll.


2,230 50


City road


590 07


Total


$ 155,889 47


1877. ·


State tax


$ 11,195 51


County .


19,077 26


County school.


5,597 75


Bridge.


8,396 63


Railroad bond.


39,184 27


Insane hospital


2,798 88


District school.


34,665 28


Washington city.


1,452 86


Brighton city


322 18


Lime Creek cemetery.


383 97


Road .


2,503 67


City road.


606 37


Total


$ 126,178 63


1878.


State tax


$ 11,011 85


County


24,340 19


School


5,505 92


Bridge


8.258 88


Insane


2,752 96


Poor-house


5,505 92


District school


36,720 52


Washington city.


2,911 48


Brighton.


176 88


Marion township-house


205 80


Railroad aid.


34,931 50


Township road.


2,112 36


City road


696 94


Total


$ 135,131 29


352


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


1879.


State


$ 10,611 82


County


23,453 15


School


5,305 91


Bridge.


10,611 82


Poor-house


5,305 91


Insane.


2,652 96


District school.


29,425 22


City


2,497 42


Railroad aid.


29,780 62


Township.


16 10


Township cemetery


375 64


Special state R. R.


330 82


Road.


1,976 75


Washington city road


968 18


Total


$ 123,312 32


For the purpose of comparison we give the levy of 1878 in two other counties of nearly the same wealth and population:


KEOKUK.


Total valuation, $4,999,537.


TAXES.


LEVY.


AMOUNT.


State


2 mills.


$ 9,997 07


County


3 mills.


14,995 61


School


1 mill.


4,998 54


Bridge


1 mill.


4,998 54


Insane


1 mill.


4,998 53


Poor farm.


1 mill.


4,998 54


County bond


1 mill.


4,998 54


Poll


2,361 00


Road


1,473 15


District; loans of.


31,155 34


Railroad


55,307 58


City


1,032 60


Total


$141,315 04


363


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


WARREN.


Total valuation, $4,905,937.


TAXES.


LEVY.


AMOUNT.


County,


4 mills.


$ 19,607 03


State


2 mills.


9,803 50


School


1 mill.


4,901 75


Bridge


1} mills.


7,352 59


Poor farm


1} mills.


2,450 85


Bond


1} mills.


2,450 85


Insane


1} mills.


2,450 85


Poll


2,158 00


Road


4,915 88


District


18,185 16


School-house


5,708 12


Contingent


8,567 46


City


2,118 99


Total


$90,733 03


The county expenses are those which the people generally most interest themselves in, and in this direction do they usually attempt retrenchment. They insist upon the privilege of voting one another's property away for the purpose of building railroads, expensive public buildings, and schools, which, after all, are the most important and most economically managed; but the management of the county offices, which are sought after by so many aspirants, is closely scrutinized, and the charge of mismanagement and extravagance is often made and the cry of retrenchment raised for the purpose of making party capital and to further the schemes of certain men in the same party who are anxious to fill the places. The following is a statement of county expenses during the past two years:


1878.


Bridge


$ 8,293 45


Township officers


1,608 25


County officers


4,398 69


Wolf scalps


108 00


Miscellaneous


55,938 75


Pauper .


6,433 18


Criminal prosecution


6,921 26


Elections


442 25


Jurors.


2,307 20


Total


$86,451 03


1


364


HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.


1879.


Bridge


$ 3,818 28


Township officers


2,417 62


County officers


3,506 00


Miscellaneous


6,538 02


Poor-house.


3,193 16


Pauper


3,119 44


Criminal prosecution


6,427 52


Elections


655 15


Jurors


2,194 20


Total


$31,869 39


In the exhibit for 1878 the sum $55,938.75, entitled " Miscellaneou's," includes the amount paid on bonds, and not being able to separate this amount from the sum which should legitimately be called miscellaneous, it is given entire. On account of this fact the legitimate county expenses for the year were probably some $50,000 less than is given in the statement.




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