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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00824 1819
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012
http://archive.org/details/historyofthirtyf00payn
HISTORY
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OF THE
THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OF 3
ILLINOIS
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY
SEPTEMBER 7, 1861
JULY 12, 1865
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EDWIN W. PAYNE SERGEANT COMPANY A REGIMENTAL HISTORIAN
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B12
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REGIMENTAL OFFICERS. 1762764
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EDWARD N. KIRK. COL. 34TH ILLINOIS, BRIG. GEN. 5TH AND 2D BRIGADES.
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REGIMENTAL OFFICERS. .
AMOS BOSWORTH, LIEUT. COL. 34TH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.
REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.
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OSCAR VAN TASSELL, CAPT. CO. F. LIEUT. COL. 34TH ILL. VOL.
£
REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.
PETER EGE, FIRST LIEUT. CO. A, COL. 34TH ILL. VOL.
REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.
,
ORSON Q. HERRICK, CAPTAIN CO. K. REGIMENTAL SURGEON.
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DAVID H. TALBOT, ORDERLY SERGEANT CO. E, REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTER.
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REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.
JOHN L. HOSTETTER, SURGEON 34TH ILL. VOLS.
REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.
FRANKLIN BARKER, HOSPITAL STEWARD, ASSISTANT SURGEON.
REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.
DAVID C. WAGNER, FIRST LIEUT. CO. H, CAPTAIN CO. K. BRIG. QUARTERMASTER, AID TO GEN. KIRK.
OUR COMMANDERS.
GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN.
OUR COMMANDERS.
W. S. ROSECRANS, BRIG. GEN. U. S. A.
GEORGE H. THOMAS, MAJOR GENERAL.
A. MED. MCCOOK, MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. A.
RICHARD W, JOHNSON, BRIG. GEN.
OUR COMMANDERS.
LOVELL H. ROUSSEAU, MAJ. GEN. VOL.
J. W. SILL, BRIG. GEN. 2D DIVISION.
JEF. C. DAVIS, MAJ. GEN. U. S. A.
JOHN F. MILLER, COL. 29TH IND. INF. BRIG. GEN. 5TH BRIG.
OUR COMMANDERS.
JOHN G. MITCHELL, COL. 113TH O. V. I., BRIG. GEN. 2D BRIG., 2D DIV. HTH A. C.
F 8349 138
Pr- 4-20
Payne, Edwin Waters, 1837-
History of the Thirty-fourth regiment of Illinois vol- unteer infantry. September 7. 1861, July 12. 1865. Byj Edwin W. Payne ... [Clinton. Ja., Allen printing com- pany, printers, 1903] viii, 370 p. front., illus., ports., maps. 23}"m. Folded map attached to cover.
SHELF CARD
1. Illinois infantry. 34th regt .. 1861-1865. 2. U. S .-- Hist .- Civil war- Regimental histories -- Ill. inf .- 34th.
166196
4-18525
Library of Congress E505.5.3-4thı 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Organization of Regiment. - Counties Represented. - Field Officers. - Muster. -- Uniforms. - Camp Butler. - Journey to Cincinnati. - Lexington. -- Louisville. -- Army Organization at Camp Nevin .- Sickness. - Equipment of Supply Train. Removal to Mumfordsville. +Change of Tents. - Change in Brigade Commanders. - Organization of Pioneer Brigade. Signal Corps and Engineer Corps. - Attack on 32d Indiana. -Break Camp at Mumfordsville .- March to Bowling Green .- Mammoth Cave .- Nashville. - Columbia (Occupy Court House). - Savannah. - Battle of Shiloh. - Advance on Corinth and Evacuation of that Place.
CHAPTER II.
March from Corinth, via Iuka, Tuscumbia, Florence, Athens, Huntsville, Scottsboro, Bellefonte, Stevenson, Battle Creek. Gen. McCook Assumes Command .--- Advance Up Sequatchie Valley and Return. - Passage over Mountains via Alta- mont, McMinnville, through Nashville, via Murfreesboro, to Mumfordsville. - Louisville. -- Meeting with New Regi- ments. - Refitted with Clothing. - March to Frankfort. - Orders to Join Gen. McCook near Perryville .- Enemy's Cavalry Attack Persistently, Capturing Supply Train and Officers' Books and Accounts, and a Number of Pris- oners from the Regiment .- March from Perryville in Pursuit of Bragg's Army, and Return via Perryville. -Snowstorm at Saloma .- To Nashville and Camp Andy Johnson. - General Rosencrans Assumes Com- mand of Army. - Re-organization. -- Reconnaisances. -- Letter from Gen. Joseph Wheeler, in 1900. --- Approach Toward Murfreesboro .- Skirmishing, Maneuvering and Tak- ing Position before the Battle of Stone River.
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THE 34TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
CHAPTER III.
The Battle of Stone River and Map .-- Incidents of the Battle. -Extracts from Writings of Union and Confederate Officers .- Losses in Both Armies.
CHAPTER IV.
Camp Removed. -- Snowball Battle with 30th Indiana. - Work on Fortifications .- New Designations of Army Corps .- Roll of Honor. -- Change in Brigade Commanders. -- Break Camp. .... March on Liberty Gap, and Battle. - Capt. Pat- rick in Command of Regiment. - March to Manchester and Tullahoma .- Col. Dysart Resigned. -- Lieut. - Col. VanTas- sel in Command. -- March via Winchester, Salem, Belle- fonte, "Camp Von Trebra, " to Caperton's Ferry. - Remain with Pontoons and Remove Them to Battle Creek. - Wounded from Chickamauga, Sequatchie, Dallas, Chatta- nooga. - Regiment Assigned to New Brigade. - Camp on Moccasin Point. --- Battles of Wauhatchie, Lookout Moun- tain and Missionary Ridge.
CHAPTER .V.
March from Graysville to Loudon, Tenn .- Scarcity of Rations. -Discomfort from Lack of Clothing and Shoes. - Return to Chattanooga. - Re-enlistment as Veterans. - Furlough Home .- Reception at Dixon. - Dispersion for Home. - Recruiting, and Number Secured, by Companies. - Return to Chattanooga, and Organization of Our New Brigade. - Smallpox. -- Indications of a New Campaign.
CHAPTER VI.
Movement of Army to Ringgold. - Exchange of Guns. - Position of Army .-- Advance on Buzzard's Roost. - First View of the Enemy .- Engagement May 9th. -- March Through Snake Creek Gap. - Battle of Resaca. -- Movement of Division, and Battle at Rome. - March from Rome to Dallas. - Posi- tion of the Army. - Regiment Establishes Picket Line near
IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.
the Enemy. -- Official Report of Losses for May .- New Hope Church .- Join Corps near Ackworth. --- Get Sup- plies. --- Approach to Kenesaw Mountain .- Skirmishing and Artillery Firing. --- Under Kenesaw. --- Change Position to the Right.
CHAPTER VII.
The Charge on Kenesaw. - Position Held and Intrenched. - Col. VanTassell and the Colors. - Incidents in Relief of Wounded .- Losses by Regiments in Division. - Truce to Bury the Dead. - Night Attack on Working Party .- Evacu- ation of Works by the . Enemy, and Advance Through Marietta to Chattahoochie River .- Band Concert Dis- turbed .- Cross the River and Skirmish in Advancing .- Division Moves to the Right and Remains in Reserve a Few Days .- Death of Capt. Hostetter. - Take Farther Position to Right, while a Fierce Battle is in Progress. - Losses in Both Armies for July. - Position of Army. - Steady Advance of Army and Frequent Engagements. - Change in Corps Commanders .- Advance on and Battle of Jonesboro .- Table of Losses During Campaign.
CHAPTER VIII.
Campaign from Atlanta, via Chattanooga and Huntsville, to Florence, Alabama, and Return .- Numerous Changes in Staff and Line Officers. - "March to the Sea."-Interesting Extracts from Diary of Surgeon Hostetter. - Occupation of Savannah .- Beginning of Campaign through the Caro- linas.
CHAPTER IX.
The Campaign from Savannah to Goldsboro, N. C. (Being a Letter from Captain William C. Robinson, Co. A, to his Brother, George M. Robinson, of Sterling, Ill.). - Battles of Avarasboro and Bentonville. - Map.
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THE 34TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
CHAPTER X.
Battles of Avarasboro and Bentonville, by Surgeon J. L. Hos- tetter. - From Goldsboro to Raleigh, Richmond, Washing- ton .- Indications of Being Held in Service. - Recruits and Transferred Men. - To Louisville, Ky .- Muster Out and Dispersion at Chicago, July 17th, 1865. - Portraits by Com- panies.
CHAPTER XI.
Roster of Names by Companies. - Tables of Vital Statistics. Comments on Same.
CHAPTER XII.
Appendix. -- Incidents and Letters.
MAPS.
ROUTE OF TRAVEL OF THE REGIMENT.
Chattanooga and Vicinity.
Atlanta Campaign and March to the Sea.
Savannah to Goldsboro.
Battlefield of Stone River.
Battlefield of Kenesaw.
Battlefield of Jonesboro. Battlefield of Bentonville.
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INTRODUCTION.
The only excuse for writing a history of the regiment at this late date is, that the comrades want it done. The desire for such a history for several years past seems to have been a growing one, and the desire is certainly laudable. It is not that each one now living may read the record of his own deeds, but that the actors in the drama of a great war, as an organiza- tion representing the military family, may have preserved for the information of future generations, and the descendents of those who constituted this military family. an account of their achievements, sufferings, joys, sorrows, and patriotic devo- tion to their country. If youthful readers of these pages shall have their patriotism inspired, to a deeper appreciation of the blessings secured for them, in a united, prosperous, stable and liberal government, by the efforts and endurance of the soldiers of this regiment, united to those of the other military organiza- tions of the Union Army in the American Civil War, some good will have been accomplished by this publication. It is not in- tended to write a history of the war, in this connection, and only so much of collateral history will be given as is incident -and necessary to the complete history of this regiment.
Neither is it intended to be biographical. Although special mention may be made of individual cases when there seems to be unusual reason for so doing. It is not done by way of con- trast with other comrades who may not be personally mentioned. but becanse circumstances may have made it proper to do so.
It is desired to give due acknowledgment to the helps, of which the writer has had the benefit, in compiling the history. Comrade A. C. John, of Company A, wrote many letters from the army which were published in the STERLING GAZETTE about
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THE 34TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
1891 and thus became public property. From these have been drawn, largely the dates, and data, of the campaign of 1862, from Battle Creek, Tennessee, to Bowling Green, Kentucky. The history of the Second Division has been drawn upon for the events of the advance from Nashville, in 1862, until the close of the battle of Stone River, where dates and special items were wanted. Sergeant Charles S. Gaylord, of Company B, kept an excellent diary of events from June 24, 1863 to Novem- ber 25, 1863, and from November 22, 1864 to July 17, 1865, covering fifty pages of legal cap paper when copied. Sergeant William H. H. Enderton, of Company A, kept a journal from May 1, 1864 to July 17, 1865, making fifty-four pages on legal cap paper. My own letters were preserved, and from them has been copied one hundred and nine pages on legal cap paper. The diary of Regimental Surgeon John L. Hostetter has fur- nished some interesting and spicy reading upon subjects inci- dental to military life. Colonel Peter Ege, after taking com- mand of the regiment in November, 1864, kept a journal from which numerous extracts have been made. That a better his- tory could have been compiled by another person than the one here submitted, goes without saying, but with such as it is, the reader may as well be contented, for it is not probable an- other will be written at this late date.
Morrison, Ill., Oct. 20, 1902. E. W. PAYNE.
THE "ROCK RIVER RIFLES."
CHAPTER I.
The 34th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, originally known as "Rock River Rifles," was organized, as indicated by its cogno- men, in the Valley of the Rock River in Northern Illinois. Companies A, B, and part of K in Whiteside County; C and D in Lee County; E, F and H in Ogle County; I in Carroll County, and G, and part of K, from counties farther south in the State.
Edward N. Kirk, a prominent Attorney of Sterling, in Whiteside County, was authorized by Governor Richard Yates to raise a regiment, and was ably assisted by Amos Bosworth, prominently connected with the Grand Detour plow works at that place, in Ogle County, and Charles N. Levanway, an Attorney of Dixon, in Lee County. These three were commis- sioned, respectively, as Colonel, Lt. Colonel, and Major of the regiment. David Leavitt, of Sterling, and Francis McNeil, of Rochelle, were commissioned as Adjutant and Surgeon.
The various companies except H. G and K, assembled at Dixon, September 3rd, 1861, and taking cars on the Illinois Central Railroad, arrived at Camp Butler, near Springfield, Illinois, the next day and being promptly supplied with tents, pitched camp on the east side of Clear Lake and began the arduous duties of drill, guard and fatigue, so necessary to the making of an effective regiment.
The regiment, except Companies H and G, was mustered into the United States Service for three years, September 7th, by Col. John Simondson of the regular army; the latter Company having been mustered September 6th. Company H did not leave its place of rendezvous at Mt. Morris until September 9th
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THE 34TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
and arrived at Camp Butler on the 10th and was mustered the 12th, as of the 7th of September, by Capt. Pitcher. The ex- amination for muster was very informal and none were rejected, a compliment to the robust and stalwart appearance of the men.
The regiment was uniformed with gray jackets and panta- loons, of better material than was ever furnished afterwards, but owing to the fact that the Confederate army adopted gray as the color for its soldiers, blue was adopted by the Federal army and the regiment was refitted a few months after its organization.
Governor Yates visited the camp, September 4th, and by the usual complimentary remarks on such occasions produced a degree of satisfaction in the minds of the men which had a tendency to inspire self respect, and perhaps a moiety of self laudation, not altogether unworthy in its results.
Three or four lonely graves in a cornfield near the North East corner of the camp, gave a hint of the mortality attending military life, and doubtless produced more serious reflections, in many minds, than trenches full of dead soldiers did in later ex- periences. The camp during the first few days of the regi- ment's stay there, was visited by three of Colonel Mulligan's men who were surrendered a few days previously at Lexington, Missouri. Their narratives of the stubborn fighting against great odds, were listened to in awe struck wonder by the men who should in their own experiences, know of that to which they were then giving such absorbed attention.
On the third of October the regiment with its impedimenta was put on cars and started for Cincinnati, Ohio, via Lafayette and Indianapolis, Indiana. There was nothing luxurious about the transportation. The train was made up of coal racks with planks across the sides for seats, some stock cars and a few box cars, but never a train carried a heartier or more willing set of men than those who, knowing only that orders had been given for their departure, were now speeding across the country, to some unknown point where their services were needed, or sup- posed to be. A portion of the day of arrival in Cincinnati was spent in the city, in transferring across the river to Covington,
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IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.
Kentucky, where a bountiful supper was provided by the citi- zens, and the entire regiment was fed on the "neutral ground," of that State, which in order to be really neutral furnished to both of the contending armies many thousand soldiers whose blood was shed upon almost every battle field of the war. A mixed train bore the regiment from Covington southward in the evening, and having now entered upon uncertain territory, arms were distributed to a few men in each company, perhaps on the theory that the less number of guns placed in inexperienced hands, the less the danger to the regiment as a whole. A sus- picious circumstance, such as a cow or a horse upon the track, caused the stoppage of the train, and a reconnaisance, after which the onward progress was uninterrupted, until Lexington was reached about daylight, and again Kentucky hospitality was manifested in the steaming kettles of hot coffee and generous lunches brought to the train. Here the regiment remained three days, encamped in a beautiful blue-grass field near the race track south of the city. The camp was called Camp Sayres. The Confederate General Zollicoffer had invaded eastern Ken- tucky, and Gen. George H. Thomas, in command of the Federal troops, lately sent to meet him, having been rein . forced, Gen. Zollicoffer withdrew, but was later met by Gen. Thomas and thoroughly routed at Mill Springs, and Gen. Zolli- coffer killed.
Leaving Lexington by rail October Sth, the regiment pro- ceeded to Louisville, Ky., passing through Frankfort, the State capital, at which place generous quantities of hot coffee and lunches were furnished by the kind and hospitable people, many richly dressed, intelligent ladies being among the number. After being detained in Louisville part of one night, the regiment pro- ceeded by rail to Muldraugh's Hill, about forty miles south of Louisville, crossing the " Rolling Fork" river on a temporary bridge constructed of poles, which trembled and shook under the slowly moving engine, which was detached and crossed alone, the train being then slowly pushed across by an engine in the rear. Many of the men seriously deplored the lost opportunities of boyhood days when they, through indolence, failed to disobey
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THE 34TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
the parental injunctions about stealing away from home to go in swimming, as the chances seemed excellent that at least three or four carloads of soldiers would be compelled to swim or drown.
A stop of one night and day at Muldraugh's Hill was suc- ceeded by a thirteen mile journey by rail to Nolin River, arriv- ing October IIth at one o'clock a. m., where tents were pitched in the midst of a chilly and very disagreeable rain. Companies H and I were detached to act as bridge guard at Elizabethtown, and did not rejoin the regiment until the 18th, having made a weary march through the Kentucky mud, with which we were soon on "speaking terms."
Three ladies accompanied the regiment, the Colonel's wife, the Adjutant's wife, and the wife of Lieutenant Ege of Co. A. Their first introduction to camp life was of a trying character, but they remained in camp for some weeks, during which time Liet. Ege's wife safely passed through an attack of measles.
The Union forces in Kentucky had been under the com- mand of Maj. Gen. Robert Anderson, of Fort Sumpter fame, until October 9th, when he was relieved owing to ill health, and Gen. William T. Sherman assumed command, with headquar- ters in Louisville. .
Camp Nevin was established about two miles east of the Louisville & Nashville railroad, near the Nolin river, and Brig. Gen. A. McD. McCook was placed in command. The organi- zation of the troops into a Division was soon accomplished by the following order [History of the Second Division, page [2] :
"HEADQUARTERS CENTRAL DIVISION UNITED STATES ARMY.
CAMP NEVIN, OCTOBER IS, 1861. [Genera! Orders No. S.]
The following organization of brigades in this command is hereby announced:
FOURTH BRIGADE, Brigadier General L. H. Rousseau com- manding.
Third Kentucky Infantry, Colonel Harvey M. Buckley.
First Kentucky Cavalry, Colonel Buckner Board.
IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. 5
First Battalion 15th United States Infantry, Captain Sixth Indiana Infantry, Colonel T. T. Crittenden. Battery A, First Kentucky Artillery, Captain D. C. Stone. FIFTH BRIGADE, Brigadier General T. J. Wood com- manding.
Twenty-Ninth Indiana Infantry, Colonel J. F. Miller.
Thirtieth Indiana Infantry, Colonel S. S. Bass.
Thirty-Eighth Indiana Infantry, Colonel B. F. Scribner. Thirty-Ninth Indiana Infantry, Colonel T. J. Harrison.
SIXTH BRIGADE, Brigadier General R. W. Johnson com- inanding.
Fiiteenth Ohio Infantry, Colonel Moses R. Dickey. Forty-Ninth Ohio Infantry, Colonel William H. Gibson.
Thirty-Second Indiana Infantry, Colonel August Willich. Thirty-Fourth Illinois Infantry, Colonel E. N. Kirk.
The formation of the division in line of battle is thus desig - nated: Rousseau, the right; Johnson, the center; Wood, the left.
A. McD. McCook. Brigadier General Commanding."
General Sherman remained in command of the artny in Kentucky until superceded, November 15th, by Gen. I. C. Buell, and the Department of the Ohio was organized under the following order:
"HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY.
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE. WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 9, 1861. [General Orders No. 97.]
The following Departments are formed from the present Departments of the West, Cumberland and Ohio. * * The Department of the Ohio --- To consist of the states of Ohio.
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THE 34TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
Michigan. Indiana, that portion of Kentucky east of the Cum- berland river, and the state of Tennessee, to be commanded by Brigadier General D. C. Buell, headquarters at Louisville.
By Order :
JULIUS P. GARESCHE. Assistant Adjutant General."
The army commanded by Gen. Buell was called " The Army of the Ohio" until after the battle of Shiloh, and was put into divisions as follows:
First Division, Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas.
Second Division, Brig. Gen. A. McD. McCook.
Third Division, Brig. Gen. O. M. Mitchell. Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. William Nelson. Fifth Division. Brig. Gen. T. L. Crittenden. . Sixth Division, Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood.
Gen. Wood had been in command of the Fifth Brigade, Second Division, until about the middle of December, when he assumed command of the Sixth Division.
The permanent organization of the Second Division was established by the following order [History of the Second Division, page S2] :
"HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION.
December 3, 1861.
[General Orders No. 32.]
I. A new organization is hereby announced, in pursuance of orders from the General Commanding the Department of the Ohio.
II. This command will be styled the Second Division and consist of the following brigades, regiments and companies:
BRIGADES.
Fourth Brigade, Brig. Gen. L. H. Rousseau. Fifth Brigade, Brig. Gen. T. J. Wood. Sixth Brigade, Brig. Gen. R. W. Johnson. Seventh Brigade, Brig. Gen. James S. Negley.
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IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. BRIGADE ORGANIZATION.
FOURTH BRIGADE.
First Ohio Volunteers, Colonel B. F. Smith.
Fifth Kentucky, Colonel H. M. Buckley.
Sixth Indiana, Colonel T. T. Crittenden.
First Battalion 15th U. S. Infantry,
Major John H. King.
First Battalion 19th U S. Infantry, S FIFTH BRIGADE.
Twenty-Ninth Indiana Volunteers, Colonel John F. Miller.
Thirtieth Indiana Volunteers, Colonel Sion S. Bass.
Thirty-Fourth Illinois Volunteers, Colonel E. N. Kirk.
Seventy-Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel F. S. Stumbaugh.
SIXTH BRIGADE.
Fifteenth Ohio Volunteers, Colonel Moses R. Dickey.
Forty-Ninth Ohio Volunteers, Colonel William H. Gibson.
Thirty-Second Indiana Volunteers, Colonel August Willich.
Thirty- Ninth Indiana Volunteers, Colonel Thomas J. Har- rison.
SEVENTH BRIGADE.
First Wisconsin Volunteers, Colonel J. C. Starkweather.
Thirty-Eighth Indiana Volunteers, Colonel B. F. Scribner.
Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel William Sirwell.
Seventy-Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel H. A. Hambright.
III. The following commands will be under the immediate control of the General commanding:
First Kentucky Cavalry, Colonel Buckner Board.
Battery A, First Ohio Artillery, Captain C. S. Cotter.
Battery A, First Kentucky Artillery, Captain D. C. Stone. Twenty-Sixth Pennsylvania Artillery, Captain Charles F. Mueller.
By command of Brigadier General McCook. DANIEL MCCOOK, Captain and Asst. Adjt. General."
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THE 34TH ILLINOIS INFANTRY
The troops had become settled in what was supposed to be winter quarters, and the men began to make themselves as com- fortable as the circumstances and their limited knowledge of soldier life would permit, but the rainy season and the sudden change from the comforts of home life, together with the radical change in diet, soon manifested the fact that disease would result in more deadly work than the bullet. The hospitals became overcrowded, and a log building was erected for the sick of the regiment, and a few found quarters in neighboring farm houses. By the first of December, from fifteen to twenty per cent of the regiment were unfit for duty, and both of the assistant surgeons were also sick, a physician of the neighborhood being called upon to prescribe for the sick. Captain Orson Q. Herrick, of Company K, who was a regular physician, tendered his services which were gladly accepted, and he went to Louisville for a sup- ply of medicines. January 13, 1862, he was commissioned regimental surgeon, and later was put in charge of a hospital train for the transportation of sick and wounded men. The most prevalent disease was intermittent fever, and a number of cases of measles.
As time passed on, the preparations for an active campaign, when the proper time should arrive, were visible in many ways. Officers studied the tactics, and a School of Instruction was held amongst them. Drill in company and battalion evolutions, and the manual of arms, the bayonet exercise, and skirmish drill, were all a part of the daily duties, and fatigue duty was not omitted, as was evidenced by a thoroughly policed camp daily. Outside of the camp was established another industry in which the army mule was a most important, and at the same time, soul-harrowing factor, judging from the choice or chosen language with which he was addressed. A high and strong fence enclosed the herd of untamed, unbroken material from which the army team was to be organized and trained into sub- missive usefulness. The teamsters were turned loose upon them with lasso in hand, and the contest began, which ended in get- ting six of the refractory beasts harnessed and hitched to an army wagon, when all hands would let go and the circus would
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