USA > Illinois > Madison County > Centennial history of Madison County, Illinois, and its people, 1812 to 1912, Volume I > Part 40
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The volunteers from Madison county served in sixty-nine different Illinois regi- ments during the war. In some of the regi- ments were several full companies from the county, in others only a few individuals, and still others served in Missouri regiments ow- ing to the Illinois quota being full. As an in- stance of this, Capt. Louis B. Hubbell took a full company from Alton to St. Louis and en- listed them May 27, 1861, in the Fourth Mis- souri Regiment. The names of C. Henry Warren and W. P. Cousley stand next to Cap- tain Hubbell's and are supposed to be those of his lieutenants, though not so designated. The company was mustered into the service by Lieut. J. M. Schofield, United States Army, afterwards commander-in-chief of the army.
The companies first enlisting from this county for three months' service were Com- panies G, I and K of the Ninth Regiment. The commissioned officers were Captains Ben W. Tucker, Jos. G. Robinson and John H. Kuhn; lieutenants, Cary H. H. Davis, Jared P. Ash, Thos. J. Newsham, Herman Schwer- zer, Samuel T. Hughes, and Emil Adams.
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE
Seventh Illinois Infantry-Adjutant, John S. Robinson.
Ninth-Major, John H. Kuhn; captains, Jos. G. Robinson, Emil Adam, Samuel T. Hughes (promoted colonel) and William G. Pinckard; lieutenants, Thos. J. Newsham (promoted major), Gothold Girnt, E. J. Wey- richt, Theodore Gottlob, James N. Hadley, Vcl. I-18
William H. Purviance, William Padon, (pro- moted major), George Woodbury, and James W. Crosby.
Tenth-Companies D and K from Madi- son : Captains, Samuel T. Mason, Harry M. Scarritt, Archibald Burns, George C. Lusk and T. H. Kennedy; lieutenants, Peter Hughes, William Gallion, William F. How- ard, W. P. Cousley, Gottlob Girnt, James Rogers, John T. Fahnestock, Edward L. Fri- day, and James W. Allen ; first lieutenant and adjutant, William Wilson.
Twenty-second-Captains, John Seaton and James N. Morgan ; lieutenants, Robert H. Clift (adjutant), Frank H. Allen, Robert Mckenzie, and Anthony Young.
Twenty-sixth - Lieutenant, Samuel A. Buckmaster ; lieutenant and adjutant, Edward A. Tucker.
Twenty-seventh - Captain, William M. Hart; lieutenants, Robert R. Murphy, Orson Hewitt, Alfred H. Lowe.
Twenty-ninth-Colonel, Loren Kent.
Thirty-second-Madison represented in six companies : Captains, George W. Jenks and Joseph H. Weeks; lieutenants, David Glenn, John Keck, John J. Laboteaux and Troy Moore.
Forty-ninth-James W. Davis, captain and A. C. S .; captains, Lewis W. Moore and Cy- rus E. Daniels; lieutenants, William W. Bliss and M. Whaling.
Fifty-ninth-Madison county represented in four companies: Captains, William D. Renfro, O. W. Flazier and Emanuel Menet ; lieutenants, Warren D. Crandall, C. A. Mass- man, John P. Anderson and Benjamin F. Stevens.
Sixty-fourth-Otto E. Roesch, assistant surgeon.
Sixty-sixth-Joseph Pogue, surgeon; lieu- tenants, Frank M. Bingham and Cyrus A. Lemen.
Seventy-third-Joseph L. Morgan, captain (promoted major).
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Eightieth-Colonel, A. F. Rodgers; major, Henry Zeis; adjutant, James B. Newman; captains, George W. Carr, John H. Smith and William R. Wright ; lieutenants, H. C. Smith, Stephen A. Albro, Conrad H. Flick.
Eighty-first-Captains, Alexander Hodge and John A. Miller; lieutenants, Edward D. Kiersey, Charles P. Preuitt and William Webster.
Eighty-second-Captains, Joseph Gottlob and Emil Frey (promoted major) ; lieuten- ant, Johann Spore (cashiered).
Ninety-seventh-Colonel, F. S. Ruther- ford; surgeon, Charles Davis; assistant sur- geon, C. M. Smith; quartermaster, George C. Cockrell; captains, John Trible, James W. Davis, Frederick T. Lewis, William Achen- bach and Samuel R. Howard; lieutenants, Levi Davis, Jr., Carlos Colby, H. Kayser and W. P. Hazard.
One Hundred Fifteenth-John H. Woods, adjutant.
One Hundred Seventeenth-Companies D, F, G. from Madison: Majors, Thomas J. Newsham and William P. Olden; chaplain, John D. Gillham; captains, Abraham B. Koagle, Jacob J. Kinder, Curtis Blakeman, Charles W. Blake, Andrew J. Gregg, Daniel T. Todd, Daniel Kerr, James G. Elliff, Josephus Porter, James D. Cobine, Benjamin F. Olden, Sidney S. Robinson, Charles C. Treadway, Gershom P. Gillham and David Bartlett.
One Hundred Twenty-fourth-Captains, John L. Richards and W. W. Leverett, lieu- tenant, promoted captain on General Palmer's staff.
One Hundred Thirtieth - Lieutenant, Charles Ives.
One Hundred Thirty-third-Lieutenant Colonel, John E. Moore; chaplain, W. R. Adams; captain, John Carstens; lieutenants, John B. Davidson and John Packer.
One Hundred Fortieth-Julius A. Barns- back, captain ; Charles F. Springer, first lieu- tenant.
One Hundred Forty-third-Absalom T. Ash, captain; Thomas Brown and David B. Wells, lieutenants.
One Hundred Forty-fourth-Colonel, John H. Kuhn; lieutenant colonel, James N. Mor- gan ; major, Emil Adam; quartermaster, Lee D. Covell; surgeon, Theodore J. Bluthart ; chaplain, Irwin B. Randle; captains, George W. Carr, Charles J. Murphy, R. J. Melling, Augustus De Lange, Albert Ritter, John Ray, Robert G. Smith, O. W. Frazier, James T. Cooper and Anton Newstadt; lieutenants, William A. Lowe, W. H. Coggeshall, Charles H. Tomlinson, Charles Robideau, John Barn- ard, Conrad Keck (discharged), Sidney A. Newcomb, Edward F. Johnson, Charles H. Thomas, John W. Swift, David Keely and Walton Rutledge.
One Hundred Fiftieth-Colonel, Charles F. Springer ; major, William R. Prickett ; assist- ant surgeon, Charles H. Spillman; captains, John W. Swift, H. D. Wilson and Charles H. West; lieutenants, Harlow Bassett, John N. Prickett, William Smith, Joseph E. Springer and John Gaffney.
One Hundred Fifty-fourth - John E. Moore, chaplain.
One Hundred Fifty-fifth-David Glenn, captain.
First Cavalry-Captain, Orlando Burrell; lieutenants, Leonard S. Ross, Frank Lindsley.
Second Cavalry, Company D, Madison County Rangers: Franklin Moore, captain (promoted major) ; George Lebold and Wil- liam Munger, lieutenants.
Third Cavalry-Lieutenant, S. B. W. Stew- art.
Tenth Cavalry-Captains, Henry Reily and Isaac Ferguson ; lieutenants, Columbus Cross, William H. East, John Mabee, Samuel Bird, William A. Chapin (promoted major), John Droll, William Schwerdtfeger and Edward Jaggerman.
Twelfth Cavalry-Robert Gray, captain.
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Twenty-ninth Colored Infantry-About one hundred from Madison county.
Alton Battalion-Captains, John Curtis and Simon S. Stookey.
Second Artillery-Hezekiah Williams, sur- geon.
Second or Fifteenth Missouri-Captains, Henry Nelson and Frank Unger ; lieutenants, Cassimer Muni, Fridolin Rummel, Herman Vautel, John V. Krebs and Edward Richter.
First Missouri Cavalry-Captain, Valentine Preuitt ; lieutenants, William B. Dorsey and Thomas Ralph.
The flag presented to the Tenth Illinois In- fantry by the ladies of Alton was carried through the four years' service of the regi- ment, and waved on the march through Geor- gia, the Carolinas and Virginia, and in the grand review at Washington. It is now dis- played among the Illinois battleflags in the state capitol.
Schedule I in the adjutant general's office, showing expenditures and liabilities incurred by towns and counties of Illinois in aid of the suppression of the rebellion, gives the follow- ing expenditures by Madison county : Alton : Bounties, $41,825 ; subsistence, $599.75; soldiers' families, $23,414.24; total, $65,- 839.49. Highland: Bounties, $11,100; gen- eral expenses, $454.10; total, $11,554.10. Troy : Bounties, $5,400; general expenses, $104; total, $5,504. Total expenditures by county, $89,897.59. The $23,414.24, ex- pended for the relief of soldiers' families, is especially creditable.
Among the officers from Madison county who held field and staff commissions were the following : Brigadier general, Friend S. Rutherford; brevet brigadier general, Loren Kent ; colonels, A. F. Rodgers, Samuel T. Hughes, L. S. Metcalf, John H. Kuhn and Charles E. Springer ; lieutenant colonels, Har- rison E. Hart, John E. Moore and James N. Morgan; surgeon and medical inspector, George T. Allen; majors, Thomas J. New-
sham, Joseph L. Morgan, William Padon, Smith Townsend, Henry Zeis, W. P. Olden, Emil Adam, William R. Prickett, Franklin B. Moore, W. A. Chapin, Elias K. Preuitt and Emil Frey ; adjutants, Robert Clift, John H. Woods and John S. Robinson (brigade adju- tant) ; surgeons, Joseph Pogue, Emil Guelich, Charles Davis, Henry W. Boyd, T. J. Bluth- art, Hezekiah Williams, Daniel M. Dunn, R. L. Metcalf and T. B. Yerkes; assistant sur- geons, C. M. Smith, George H. Dewey, Fran- cis W. Lytle, Eben. Rodgers, I. E. Hardy, Gustav Horn and C. E. Roesch; chaplains, John D. Gillham, W. R. Adams, Irwin B. Randle, John E. Moore and Jesse P. Davis ; commissaries of subsistence, William G. Pinckard and James W. Davis; quartermas- ters, George C. Cockrell, Gustav Korn and Lee D. Covell; aides de camp, Captains H. M. Scarritt and W. W. Leverett and Adjutants James W. Allen, Robert H. Clift, John S. Robinson, John H. Woods, James B. New- man, S. A. Buckmaster, Jr., and E. A. Tucker.
WAR TIMES AT HOME
In addition to the Union League, which was founded during the war for the purpose of sustaining the government and aiding the soldiers in the field, there existed the Ladies' Loyal League with much the same objects in view, but especially helpful in furnishing re- lief to the sick and wounded soldiers in con- nection with the State and National Sanitary Commissions. One branch of the Ladies' Loyal League was organized at Alton in 1863 and continued its organization during the war. It was a secret society like the Union League. It was oath-bound and had its grips, signs and passwords. The organization accomplished a vast amount of good, working mainly in con- junction with the State Sanitary Commission, of which Col. John R. Woods, of Alton, was secretary. On the 22d and 23d of February, 1864, the Ladies' League gave a fair and festi- val at the City Hall, in aid of the Sanitary
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Commission. As illustrative of the nature of their work the following excerpts from the appeal made to the public for support is illu- minating.
"The Ladies' Loyal League of Alton have decided to hold a fair and Festival commenc- ing on Monday evening, February 22nd.
"The most pressing necessity for this noble enterprise continues and we hope that every Union-loving man, woman and child will give us their hearty cooperation. Let us all work for this grand object which is ultimately the hope of our brave men now languishing in hospitals for want of comforts we can well afford to send them. To the Union League and Aid Societies we appeal most earnestly. May we not expect from every Union League and Aid Society in the counties in our vicin- ity a box or package or articles in aid of the fair? A most cordial and earnest invitation is extended to the farmers to aid in this be- nevolent enterprise. In enumerating the do- nations needed for the fair the committee has thought best to arrange them in classes :
"Knitted stockings and socks for men, women and children, and all manner of useful and ornamental articles.
"Agricultural and dairy products of every kind. Fruits of all kinds. Supplies for tables, turkeys, chickens, hams, tongue, etc .; cake of all kinds, jellies, canned fruit, oysters and pickles. Donations of money will also be ac- ceptable. For the farmers in our vicinity who would deem it a privilege to aid in the good cause we have appointed Mr. P. B. Whipple to receive anything they may furnish.
"Let everyone to whom this appeal comes do something. The great, ever-renewed and painful needs of our soldiers, sick and wounded in hospitals, call for the utmost ef- forts of all loyal men and women to make this affair a preeminent pecuniary success. We plead for the liberality of all loyal men and women. Those wishing further particulars
are invited to address Mrs. H. S. Mathews or Mrs. W. R. Adams.
"Committee of Arrangements : Mesdames H. S. Mathews, W. R. Adams, J. M. Pearson, John Trible, B. J. Smith, S. Avis, I. Scarritt, W. T. B. Read, J. Loehr, T. C. Morrison, N. E. Draper, G. D. Hayden, Charles Phinney, E. R. Clement, W. A. Murphy, C. Crowell, S. B. Davis and J. Quarton, and Misses M. E. Robinson, M. J. McCorkle and E. Pinckard."
The fair was a great success. It was in- tended not alone for the soldiers in the field but for their families at home who were suf- fering for the necessities of life during the absence of their natural protectors in their country's service. The ladies extended an in- vitation to Governor Yates to be present and ยท open the fair but he could not attend on ac- count of other engagements. The invitation extended to General Rosecrans, then in com- mand of the Department of Missouri at St. Louis, was accepted, Captain H. M. Scarritt going to St. Louis to make the arrangements. General Rosecrans not only attended but brought with him General Fisk and General Totten, and each officer brought the members of his staff. Great crowds patronized the fair and it was successful beyond expectations, the sum of $3,115.15 being realized therefrom. .
The Ladies' Loyal League of Alton seems to have been organized May 7, 1863, and the first officers to have been: President, Mrs. John M. Pearson ; vice president, Mrs. H. S. Mathews; secretary, Mrs. M. I. Lee; treas- urer, Mrs. W. R. Adams. Mrs. Mathews was elected president February 7, 1864, and so re- mained while the league existed. Mr. Isaac Scarritt seems to have had chief charge in for- warding supplies collected, and had the active support of such men as Hon. Samuel Wade, John E. Hayner and many other prominent citizens. Alton being a military post with al- ways one or more regiments there stationed, there was plenty of work for the ladies' right
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at home and in aiding soldiers' families. Sim- ilar relief societies were formed in other parts of the county and the ladies devoted them- selves to scraping lint and making bandages for the wounded and in preparing delicacies for the hospitals. Not all the suffering and hardships of the war were endured by the soldiers in the field, but the wives and mothers showed equal heroism and endurance in the sorrowful lives they led at home, "eating their hearts out" with anxiety for their loved ones and not knowing at what hour the news from the front would bring them life-long sorrow.
TORIES AND LOYALISTS AT HOME
There were other sidelights on the situation at home in war time that are not as pleasant to recall. These were the organizations of Sons of Liberty and Knights of the Golden Circle, which had ramifications throughout the county and in the county of Jersey reached the limit of armed resistance. There rebel officers crossed over from Missouri and drilled recruits along the banks of the Piasa and so open were their hostilities that guards were stationed for a period along the Grafton road leading into Alton to give warning of the approach of any hostile force, it being well known that conspir- acies were on foot to capture the military prison and release the prisoners. The oppo- nents of the war claimed to be in favor of the Union but that they were striving to restore it by compromise and by calling back the Union forces from the south. To further this end they resorted to every means to induce the soldiers to desert, on the plea that the war was being waged not to restore the Union but to abolish slavery. They hoped by stirring up dissatisfaction in the north to create a fire in the rear which would call back the soldiers in the field and force a compromise. The elec- tions of the fall of 1862 had been disastrous to the Union cause and Illinois elected a leg- islature hostile to further prosecution of the
war and passed resolutions denunciatory thereof. In answer to this a rousing Union meeting was held in Alton in February, 1863, which passed stirring resolutions favoring a vigorous prosecution of the war until all armed resistance to the government was sub- dued. This fire-in-the-rear legislature was later prorogued by Governor Yates and there- after the state government was unhampered in its support of the national government.
One of the resolutions adopted by the Un- ion meeting at Alton was as follows: "That we approve the president's proclamation (Emancipation) and will defend and maintain it against its northern defamers, who predict failure because the wish is father to the thought. That the efforts made by the here- tofore disguised but now open enemies of the country, to call a convention of rebels north to treat with rebels south, be spurned by all honest men, as those of the vilest and most treasonable enemy."
The response of the army to the resolutions passed by the legislature recommending an armistice and the calling of a national conven- tion to effect a compromise, was still more emphatic and unanimous. The Illinois regi- ments, wherever located, passed resolutions rebuking the legislature in scathing terms and denouncing the proposed armistice as in the highest degree "treacherous, dishonorable and cowardly." One of their resolutions read : "Resolved, that the Sixty-second Illinois will follow the flag that waved over the battlefields of our fathers wherever it may go, whether it may be on the many battlefields of the south, or against the miscreants, vile and perjured abettors of the north, and for the honor of that banner we pledge our lives, our property and our sacred honor." Those were war times and the upholders of the Union spoke their sentiments without any mental reservation or evasion.
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TYPICAL EXPERIENCE OF A PRIVATE SOLDIER
In referring to the patriotism of Madison county and the part taken by the residents thereof in the Civil war we give a synopsis of the experience of a private soldier, James T. King, of Upper Alton, written by himself, and which we consider typical of the part taken by our soldiers in preserving the Union of the states. Mr. King writes: "The name which does not often appear in the recorded history of the Civil war is that of the private soldier, and yet it was he who made history possible, for he was the scout, the picket, the skirmisher and the firing line.
"In June, 1863, two hundred of Forrest's cavalry charged the cavalry outpost on the Murphysboro pike at Franklin, Tennessee. The infantry picket was aroused by a vidette dashing by yelling, 'two hundred Rebel cav- alry!' The Lieutenant in charge deployed his men behind a rail fence, and when he had placed them he said to this private soldier 'Now you stand in front of me.' He did. That is what the private soldier is for-to 'stand in front of me.' As the clattering hoofs of two hundred cavalry came thundering down the pike, driving before them the two remain- ing Union videttes, it looked bad for the eight infantry pickets and their thin line of battle, but the instant they reached our picket post these two Union videttes pulled their horses to their haunches, wheeled about and began . emptying their carbines at the galloping rebel column. The brave bluff won. The enemy thought he had struck the infantry line of bat- tle, wheeled and retreated. It was the private soldier who did it.
"On August 26th business in Decatur was suspended. Her citizens were gathered about the Illinois Central depot. On the tops of freight cars, on lumber piles, at open windows, men and women were watching. The bands were playing, flags and flowers were every-
where, and beneath were the tears of wives, mothers, sisters and sweethearts. Company F was off for the war. Of this company was one private soldier from Madison county. Af- ter the training camp at Springfield and the transfer to the south, came the manoeuvers to hold in check the rebel cavalry leader, John Morgan, as he worked devastation on the homes of Union men in Covington, Lexington, Paris, Danville and Frankfort, Kentucky. A trail of dead also marked the line of march. At Franklin his command kept up a series of skirmishes with Van Dorn's cavalry, during one of which in April, 1863, twenty-nine dead were left on the field east of town. The in- tervals between marching and skirmishing were, for the most part of three months, spent in building magnificent Fort Granger, with rifle pits and abattis extending more than a mile from the fort. Then the forward move- ment began, with Chattanooga as the objective point. The line of march was marked by Triune, Festerville, Wartrace, Tullahoma, Es- tell Springs, Winchester, Stevenson, Bridge- port, Shell Mound and then the occupation of Chattanooga. It must not be inferred that this was a direct march; but that, skirmishing with the enemy always, guarding against flank movements and rear attacks, watching for the safety of wagon trains, the course was this way and that, forward and back, but ever crowding the enemy back, as matured the plans of our great commander, W. S. Rosecrans, who was known throughout the Army of the Cumberland as "Old Rosy"-the great flanker -and who by his strategy caused us to march many weary miles, but saved us from many pitched battles. It was in this campaign that both commissioned officers and the non-com- missioned might all have been classed as pri- vate soldiers. Shoulder straps were not much in evidence, and the men entitled to wear them carried the same blanket roll, haversack and canteen, and ate the same hard tack and raw bacon as the men whom they commanded. It
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was war now-bitter, cruel and pitiless war. No opportunity now for baths and clean clothes, and when we would occupy ground left by the Confederates, with their fires still burning, a man would whisper to his comrade: 'Something is wrong with those fellows in mess No. 3. They have got their shirts off and are looking for something. They are not very clean fellows, anyhow.' The comrade would reply : 'Well, I've been itching, too. I'm going to look.' Later: 'How many did you find?' 'Two. How many did you?' 'Beat you one. I got three. And then, look there! See the Colonel!' The Colonel sat on a cold grey stone on the sunny side of a tree. His shirt was off and he was examining the seams. And then a shout went up, started by us four of his Sunday school class and taken up by the regiment. The woods rang with 'Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for Colonel Moore!' The rebel, the Yankee, the soldier, the officer were close kin. What a great leveler the army greyback was! Sounds funny, perhaps, a half century later, but in the prison pens of the south it was the source of more acute torture than wounds, cold or starvation.
"The battle of Chickamauga! Where Rose- crans overreached himself, where his flanking tactics had caused his own army to be flanked, where the strategy of military movements had changed from the Union to the Confederate side. The brave men of Thomas' corps! How they held back the now overwhelming Confed- erate army that charged their front and with long sinuous lines extended out and beyond their right and left, while batteries with grape and canister shot plowed furrows down their battle line! Listen to the rattle of musketry. One hundred thousand men in close combat ! Hear it start faintly in the distance and roll nearer, regiment by regiment, until the men of the line for miles are at it. Hear the sul- len boom of the twelve pounders and the sharper report of the six pounders. Not one by one but six by six, working death and de-
struction for all that was in them! See the dust and powder smoke rising above the trees. See the glistening in the clear sky, the reflec- tion of one hundred thousand bayonets and rifles. The Madison county boy was there with his division in the Chickamauga woods, with the reserves, listening to it all. But four miles away! Arms stacked, but canteens filled, a few crackers, a little raw meat in the haversack and, better than all, sixty rounds of cartridges, and rifles so bright inside you could look down the barrel and see the breech pin. Chafing and fretting at their inaction were these reserves, for a day and a half. And listen ; hear it now; see the smoke! 'God, will the orders never come? Ah, there it is. The bugle, the long roll.' And these boys of the line jumped for their gun stacks, and away by the right flank, in double quick time, to join with Thomas' men and play with death on Snod- grass Hill. Over the dead. Next the stream of wounded, calling 'Hurry up boys, you're needed.' 'Hurry? We are still on the double quick?' 'It's hot as hell up there.' 'We'll make it hotter!' 'You'd better say your prayers, boys.' 'We said them before we started.'
"Five hours of dust and flame, and blood and powder smoke. Five hours of hell. Three times struck, but not disabled. They were but scratches, and the boy did not leave the firing line; and when darkness stopped the fighting this eighteen-years' old boy helped to carry on a stretcher a wounded officer, four miles to the midnight rendezvous.
"Starvation now in the Union camp. Rose- crans had lost his nerve. The Confederates got old Lookout Mountain and our supply line. Thirty thousand mules gave up their lives trying to bring cartridges and crackers over the mountain roads to supply the Army of the Cumberland. Then the private soldier, again. The mules had done what they could. They failed and died. On picket all night. At sunrise, resting his head on his cartridge
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