USA > Illinois > Cook County > Chicago > Discovery and conquests of the Northwest, with the history of Chicago, Vol. I > Part 58
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And now, on January 1, 1881, the last outstanding piece of scrip, warrant, voucher, coupon and bond of the state of Illinois, has become due, and has been paid, and the heroic work begun in January, 1842, has been completed, and Illinois has been delivered from her bonds, has been emancipated from the chains in which Gov. Ford found her, and is FREE FROM DEBT.
667
Financial History of Illinois and Chicago.
The foregoing financial history of Illinois show the primitive, as well as the impracticable notions here leading men first had for the public improvement and development of her natural resources. Though much youthful strength was wasted in speculative theories that almost wrecked the state, yet the growth of the states west of her changed the direction of her transportation lines, and brought unexpected revenues to her exchequer, making her at this time the second state in the Union in wealth and numbers. Mr. Sheahan, during his many years' connection with the Chicago Tribune, had the charge of this responsibility pertaining to its fiscal records, and was well qualified to write on the subject, in doing which he has given to the future readers of this work the benefit of important con- temporary history not available elsewhere.
Rufus Blanchard.
STATE
SOVEREIGNTY
ONAL UNION
NEW SEAL OF ILLINOIS.
THE CHICAGO HARBOR AND RIVER CONVENTION.
This convention was the outgrowth of President Polk's veto of the bill making appropriations for the improvement of rivers, and the construction of harbors, at the first session of congress under his administration, with the intimation from him that no such appropria- tions would receive his sanction whilst president. Pop- ular meetings were held during the vacation of congress in different localities, with reference to the matter for the purpose of forming some concert of action. On his way to the next session of congress, Daniel Webster made at Philadelphia his celebrated speech of Decem- ber 2, 1846, upon this subject, which may be found in the published volumes of his speeches. Upon the assembling of congress there were very frequent con- sultations of the members favorable to the vetoed bill, in defense not only of their own views, but to the ex- pressions of the numerous meetings that had been held in vacation. The conclusion of those consultations was that a mass convention should be held at Chicago, without distinction of party, at such a time as its citi- zens, after mature deliberation, should consider the most opportune. Hon. John Wentworth* was not
* John Wentworth, to whom allusion has heretofore been made, was the first member of congress ever elected from Chicago, or north of Springfield, and had served as such twelve years, his first election being in 1843. He was elected mayor in 1857 and in 1861, and had served the public in various other capacities; and was a director in the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad Company at the time of its consolidation with the Northwestern. He was born at Sandwich, N. H., March 5, 1815, graduated at Dartmouth college in 1836, and came to Chicago, October 25 of that year. He immediately entered the law office of Henry Moore, completed his law studies at Harvard University, and was
668
The Chicago Harbor and River Convention. 669
only the congressman from the Chicago district, but was a member of the committee of commerce which had reported the vetoed bill. Congress adjourned March 3, 1847; and, upon Mr. Wentworth's return, he made known to the citizens of Chicago the sentiments of the members of congress opposed to the doctrines of President Polk's veto. A public meeting was called, a day named for the convention, and a committee of five appointed to draft an address to the people of the United States, three of whom had voted for President Polk's election. Of this committee, with the exception of Judge George Manierre, all are now (1880) living in Chicago. The address was written by Hon. John Went- worth, and may be found in full in Vol. II, of Wheeler's Biographical and Political History of Congress, as well as a full history of the convention itself, and a very elaborate review of the proceedings of congress upon the subject of harbor and river improvements from the origin of our government.
This was the first national convention ever held in Chicago, and the number and character of those who attended it did so much toward bringing to light the natural advantages of Chicago, that an extract from the address of the Chicago committee is herewith inserted to give the points at issue before the conven- tion.
The high prices of freight, taken in connection with the loss of life and property upon the western waters last season, caused several public meetings to be held in various sections of the country, for the purpose of devising the best means of remedying those and other evils, of which the great mass of the people interested in commerce were complaining. At all these meetings the propriety of holding a convention at some convenient point was discussed and universally concurred in.
In consequence of Chicago having been generally named as the proper point, its citizens called a meeting, named July 5 as the appro- priate time, and chose the undersigned a committee to draft an address setting forth the objects of the convention.
The movers in this matter have been, from the first, like the under- signed, of entirely different politics, and, so far from there being even in the remotest degree any political design in the contemplated con- vention, one of the chief objects of it is to call together for a common object the men of all parties, and to convince the people everywhere
admitted to the Chicago bar in 1841. He was present at the first meet- ing called in the winter of 1836-7 to consider the propriety of Chicago becoming an incorporated city, and voted at the first municipal election. Whilst pursuing his legal studies he wrote occasional articles for the Chicago Democrat, and eventually became its sole proprietor.
670
The Chicago Harbor and River Convention.
that the improvements desired are not now, never have been and never should be connected with "party politics," in the ordinary use of that term. Such a connection would in the minds of all interested have a very deleterious tendency. It cannot be denied that there is a predis- position among all politicians to support the measures of a chief mag- istrate of their own party, and hence we have seen western representa- tives, originally supporting harbor and river improvements, and elected upon express pledges to do so, finally vote to support a veto of bills pro- viding for that purpose, and assigning as a reason therefor, that it was their duty to sustain an executive of their own selection, even though it be in express opposition to the wishes and interests of their constituents. Repeated instances of this kind must eventually give this question somewhat of a political cast, which the undersigned and all who co- operate with them would seriously regret. * * * * *
This convention is designed to be one of free discussion, and it is hoped that the opponents as well as the friends of lake and river improve- ments, will attend, and more especially since it is generally believed that they have only to see for themselves in order to be convinced that these demands coming from all our great waters are founded in justice.
Although the construction of harbors and the improvement of rivers will be the prominent subject before the convention, yet what- ever matters appertain to the prosperity of the west and to the develop- ment of its resources, will come properly before it, and all plans and suggestions will be freely entertained. The committee invite a general attendance from all sections of the Union, and tender, in behalf of their fellow citizens, the hospitalities of the city of Chicago to such as, im- pelled by a common interest, see fit to honor them by their presence on the occasion.
JOHN WENTWORTH, } GEORGE MANIERRE, J. YOUNG SCAMMON, } Committee. I. N. ARNOLD, GRANT GOODRICH,
BILLY CALDWELL.
Says Hon. John Wentworth: Billy Caldwell owed allegiance to three distinct nations at one and the same time. He was captain of the Indian department of Great Britain in 1816, and never renounced the British allegiance. He was justice of the peace in Chicago, in 1826; and he was Indian chief all this time, and died a British American Indian subject.
The following obituary notice of his death was pub- lished in the Chicago Tribune of October 28, 1841:
Died, at Council Bluffs, on September 28, last (1841), Saugaunash (Billy Caldwell), the principal chief of the united nations of Ottawa, Chippewa and Pottawattamie Indians, in the sixtieth year of his age. He was well and favorably known to the old residents of Chicago, and the northern frontier of Illinois, as an old and efficient friend during the Sac and Fox trouble of 1832. Among those of the whites who knew him well, he was esteemed an honorable, high minded, intelligent gen- tleman; generous to a fault, but attentively devoted to the interest and welfare of his people, who had unanimously called him to the chieftain- ship of their nation.
671
Locality of the Chicago Massacre.
LOCALITY OF THE CHICAGO MASSACRE.
This has always been in doubt, but fortunately there is now (1881) a living witness, who obtained the knowledge of the precise spot where it took place, from Mrs. John H. Kinzie, the author of " Waubun," who, although she was not here at the time, had been shown the locality by Mrs. Helm herself. This living witness is Mrs. Henry W. King. She was an intimate friend of Mrs. Kinzie, and by her was told that the massacre took place at the foot of what is now Eighteenth street. This locality has ever been identified in the mind of Mrs. Kinzie as the place, and the large cottonwood tree that grows there near the middle of the street, has been the landmark by which Mrs. Kinzie's memory of the spot has been confirmed from time to time, as the tree grew from the dimensions of a sapling to its present magnitude.
" Woodman, spare that tree."
FIRST THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION.
To RUFUS BLANCHARD,
Wheaton, Ill.
The first proclamation of any Thanksgiving day in this state was issued by Hon. Francis C. Sherman, as mayor of Chicago, in 1841, attested by Thomas Hoyne, as city clerk. It is well known that an annual Thanks- giving day is of New England origin, and is, in peculiar respects, a New England institution. From the organ- ization of our state government and the admission of the state into the Union the governors and principal officers of Illinois were of southern extraction, and up to 1841 much the largest portion of our population that had come into this state was made up of families who had emigrated from the states south, bringing with them the customs, and so far as they could, introducing the institutions of their fathers.
Chicago, in common with the northern portion of the state, was colonized by a majority of persons who emi- grated from New York, the eastern and middle states. In 1841 the common council of Chicago consisted of twelve (12) aldermen and a mayor. Mr. Sherman, the mayor, was from Connecticut, as was also Julius Wads- worth, a member of the board. The others were from eastern states, and Thomas Hoyne, the third city clerk ever chosen, was serving his second year in office, that officer being elected then annually.
Alderman Wadsworth suggested, that if he (Hoyne) would draft a resolution, and then draw a proclamation in due form, so that it should go out signed by the
672
First Thanksgiving Proclamation.
mayor and clerk as authoritative, fixing a special day at the usual time in this city. as a day for thanksgiving, requesting the churches to observe and the people of the city to close their places of business, the people of this city could have a holiday, the turkey would be eaten and our 4, 000 people would be happy.
All was carried out as proposed. It is not for the author of the proclamation to praise that instrument. But it was a document of tremendous sound and un- usual length.
The day appointed was kept, the churches were all opened, the ministers in their places and the sermons were of the orthodox size and style.
A copy of the proclamation was published in the two newspapers of that day, one of which, the Chicago Democrat, was in the hands of the writer up to the time of the great fire of 1871.
It will appear that in the early infancy of our city we were easily led to adopt one of the most pious customs of the pilgrim fathers, while the example was adopted and has since been followed by the state.
THOMAS HOYNE.
GROCERIESI
CLAIMING
CLARK STREET IN 1857.
,
Pekatonica
POTTO
LAKE
WATTOMIES !!!
River
MICHIGAN
River
River
DesPlaines .11
MIAM
River
Jowa
S
Kankasee
ES
S
I
Luois
River
Mack
Ina w B
Vermillion
N
River
Sanga
River
L
R
Illinois
Macoupin Cr.
T
River
Embarras
SHAW
FOTK.
I
River
West
River
East
White R.
1
Wabash
River
MAP
Muddy
SHOWING THE
Green
INDIAN TRIBES IN ILLINOIS IN 1684
River
The Miamis, Illinois, Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos, Potta- wattamies and Shawnese were the native tribes of Illinois from its first history to their expulsion. The Illinois Indians were composed of five subdivisions: The Kaskaskias, Cahokias, Tamaroas, Peorias and Metchigames, the last being a foreign tribe from west of the Missis- sippi river, who, having been reduced to small numbers by wars with their neighbors, abandoned their former hunting grounds and joined the Illinois.
Fork
River
Kaskaskia
Lit.
K
Missouri
River
I
River
P
River
KICKAP
Pox
Rock
woods
R
MIAMJES
Pekatonica
LAKE
River
River
MICHIGAN
FOXES
River
Plaines
TOMTER
Rock
River
Kankakee
woods
ruis
S
R
P
SAUKS
River
ackinau
K
Vermillion
River
I
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110 010
River
Illinois
CT.
River
Embarras
River
West
Fork
East
River
TRIBE
S
NKE
River i
River
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A
Big
SMAWANEESE
Green
PI
River
In this map we find the Miamis driven from the head of Lake Mich- igan southwardly, and the Pottawattamies in their place. At a later day, 1817, the Weas had a village "at Chicago, but being afraid of the canoe people (the Chippeways and Pottawattamies), left it, and passing around the head of Lake Michigan to be nearer their brethren farther to the east." Father Charlevoix, writing from this vicinity in 1721, says: "Fifty years ago the Miamis (i. e., the Wea band) were settled on the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, in a place called Chicago, from the name of a small river which runs into the lake.
River
ILLING
Kaskaskia
W
River
Missouri
White R.
Wabash
MAP SHOWING THE INDIAN TRIBES IN ILLINOIS IN 1765
'Fork
Macoupin
MIAMIES
O
A
lowa
AND
Fox
Des
River
CHICAGO, May, 1881.
RUFUS BLANCHARD,
Dear Sir:
We have received and read your book, " The Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest, with the history of Chicago," and take this means of bearing our testimony to the zeal, industry, thorough research and faithful record made by you, of the times and events covered by your volume. We think you are entitled to public gratitude for the ability with which you have collected this store of historical detail concerning the early history of the Northwest, especially of Illinois and Chicago, and for the entertaining manner in which you have presented that history for the instruction of present and future generations.
J. YOUNG SCAMMON, W. F. POOLE, J. MEDILL,
H. W. BLODGETT,
J. W. SHEAHAN,
W. H. WELLS,
WILLIAM BLAIR,
ANDREW SHUMAN, WM. ALDRICH,
B. W. RAYMOND, ZEBINA EASTMAN, G. S. HUBBARD,
C. B. FARWELL,
WILBUR F. STOREY, J. D. CATON,
MARSHALL FIELD,
O. F. FULLER,
PERRY H. SMITH,
O. W. NIXON,
GEORGE SCHNEIDER,
GRANT GOODRICH,
L. Z. LEITER,
J. S. RUMSEY,
WM. HENRY SMITH,
JOHN A. JAMESON, MARK SKINNER.
The above is a copy of a circular presented me at the time of the publication of the book described. It is now to be republished with revisions and another volume added to it-the whole to be complete in twelve parts.
R. B.
CHICAGO, January, 1899.
RUFUS BLANCHARD, Dear Sir:
Realizing, as we do, the importance of an authentic history of Chicago from cotemporary sources, to be handed down from our own times to futurity, we, the undersigned, hereby approve the opinions given, in the above circular, by the signers thereof, and we confide to you our assistance in continuing the work.
Marchal Fuld how Muchand
James B. Brudwell gange F. Home Melville E. Store
O. f. in eller Lz Leiter
Francis B Piacon omyl stuit
John Hitt C.C. Bonney.
S.S. Com Ermo 6ag. Alex. 9. Rudolph. All
0 Chave.
Henry H Handy
Franklin macleagh
Henry Sheldon Ellemmings. Fredrich Hehistory
& Colberts
Gunther Willian Blair
turasaulus C · If stiel
Schuly, Shortall, Chas Banners. V.Hollister
William Padamto Wheaton
Mary J. Leiter EW Blatchford.
M.M. R. French . E. Hamilton
1.
AwButler
Khu Zimmerman.
Chas & Was Fromberg
C. B. Jarwill Elizabeth Känner
D. H. Pourback
mr . ws N. S. Willing. C
John V Hutchison Last of The Hutchin Farmily
Milliau Utasper-
arthur om Ringu. Grand son of John Nurgie .
Frank@ Liseleri
2
heaton
Auchan H unnettoy Kort Loting
Nathan db, Direer Jur. Forwell dr.
maketcherman
Robin Ferata Rufus Mr. Pourel Walter Cheverny J.Many. LambertTree George Floram Thomas Dent
END OF VOL. I.
Through the generosity of the persons whose auto- graphs are printed herewith, the writer has been assured a just remuneration for his labor.
That posterity will feel a sense of obligation to these signers is not to be questioned, and that this work is destined to be an heirloom to their descendants is the am- bition of one whose life energies have been spent here.
Rufus Blanchard.
Chicago, August, 1899.
INDEX.
PAGE.
Abercrombie, Gen ..
128
Appointed to Command the Eng-
lish Forces in America.
131
Calhoun, John
600
Defeated at Ticonderoga.
133
Acadia
116
Acadians Removed .. 117
Albany, Convention at.
90
Alouez ..
14
American Fur Co ..
469
Branches at Chicago. 471
Amherst, Maj. Gen., Appointed to Command the English Forces in America 139
Astor, John Jacob, His Designs ..
468
Establishes His Headquarters at
Mackinaw.
469
Astoria.
469
Autographs of Chicago Citizens. 675
Bad Axe, Battle of. 562
Baugis ..
54
Beaujeu
55, 112
Beaubien, J. B.
Beckwith, H. W., His Account of the Winnebago Scare .. 513
Beck's Gazateer, Extract from 612
- Blackhawk, His Narrative .. 425 His War 531
His Death 568
Black Partridge.
391, 397, 403, 404
His Village Burned.
610
Blanchard, Col. 118, 125
Bloody Run, Battle of 173
Bones of Victims of Chicago Mas- sacre Burried .. 489
Boscaween, Admiral 131
Takes Louisburg. 132
Bouquet, Gen., Relieves Ft. Pitt.
181
In the Indian Country .. 187
His Terms to the Indians. 188
Braddock, Gen., Arrives in America and Marches Against Ft. Du- quesne 111
Is Defeated
113
Bradstreet, Gen., Relieves Detroit .. 185 Takes Ft. Frontenac . 134
Brady, Tom, Takes St. Joseph 223
British Orders for the Confiscation of Goods on the High Seas 364
Intrigues with the Indians
296
Evacuates the Western Posts
812
Brock, Gen ..
383
Bross, Wm., His Account of Pioneer Citizens . 521
Buckongahelas, Champion of the British. 221 Clark, Gen. Geo. Rogers, Plans an Expedition to Kaskaskia. 225 Bunker Hill, Battle of. 221 Bushy Run, Battle of .. 181 Takes Kaskaskia .. 225
Cadilac, Commandant of Detroit. 74
Cahokia Settled
Caldwell, Billy
.350, 586
Courage in Saving Lives
405
PAGE.
His Death.
518
His Nationality.
671
Campbell, Maj
156, 168
Canada Given Up to the British.
148
Its Limits Extended.
217
Canadian Voyageurs.
346
Cartier, James ..
10
Carpenter, Philo, Arrives at Chicago 578
Cass, Gen. Lewis
383
Cass, Gov., The Guest of Billy Cald- well at Chicago 510
Cavelier. .
64.
66
Celeron, Capt.,
Burries
Leaden
Plates .
81
Champlain
10
Battle with the Five Nations. 11 Reaches Lake Huron. 12
Checaugou
49
Chicago, Population in 1834. 577
River, Mouth of. 581
596
Population in 1831 ..
583
Organized as a Town. 584
Headquarters for the Fur Trade .. 471 Inhabitants of, in 1818 474
Its Inhabitants in 1812 375
Its Buildings and Settlements in
1831.
521
Its Name First on School Atlases .. 496
Surveyed into Government Sec-
tions .
506
Surveyed into Lots. 515
Poll Books of.
517
Voters of, in 1835. 517
Assessed Valuation of, in 1835 517
Makes Application for
British
Traders to be Sent Them
210
River, Mouth of, Straightened. 584 First Public Credit of 585 Great Indian Treaty at. 587 Adjacent Settlements to 522
French Fort Built at
68
Hut Built at
818
Massacre at. 395
Locality of Massacre at 671
Missionary Station at 69
Surveyed and Platted 507
The Indian Chief.
214
Harbor and River Convention 668
Childs, Col. Ebinezer, His Report of
the Country in 1821.
484
Cholera at Chicago 550
Cincinnati Settled 266
Clark Street in 1857.
672
Forms an Alliance with the Indians 227 The French Join His Standard .... 230 Advances on Vincennes and takes the Place 23
681
682
Index.
PAGE.
Cleveland, Site of, Purchased 314
Surveyed .. 316
Clybourne, Archibald 341
Wedded to Mary Galloway 506
Jonas, His Horseback Ride to Chicago 504
Columbia River Discovered.
331
Colbert, Elias. 613
Connecticut Land Co 313
Continental Congress. 221
Contrecoeur .
112
Cook County, Its Territory in 1831. 521 Organized. 584
Cook, Capt. 132
Court Established at Kaskaskia and Vincennes. 270
Crawford's Expedition to Take San- dusky. 245
His Defeat and Capture 246 He is Burned at the Stake. 247
Croghan, Geo., Starts for the Illinois Country 196
Taken Prisoner After an Indian Battle, but Treated Like a Con- querer. 198
At Ouatanon, Holds Council with the Indians 199
Journal ..
201
DeChamps, Antoine, Agent for the American Fur Co. 472
Decrees of Berlin. 364
Desplaines River. 582
Detroit Surrendered by Gen. Hull .. 384
Dieskau Marches Against Johnson .. 118 Taken Prisoner. 120
Dixons, Ferris. 526
Dog Feast of Blackhawk Broken Up 541
Doughty, Maj., His Charmer. 266 Dulhut, G 41
Dumas.
115
Dunmore, Lord, Withdraws the
217 British Troops from Ft. Pitt .....
Dunmore's Army Foreshadows the American Revolution.
220
Embargo Act. 865
England Declares War Against France. 128
English, The, on the Upper Lakes . .
72
Distribute Presents Among the Indians ... 357
Pledges to Tecumseh
460
Expedition Against
the
Indian
Towns in Illinois ..
420
Factory, The, System 477
First Continental Congress of 1774 .. 221
First British Colonial Governors of Illinois. 212
Steam Engine . 585 Brick House Built at Chicago. 506 Florida Ceded to the United States. 329 Forbes, Gen .. 134
Ft. Apple River. 558
Ft. Dearborn Built at Chicago. 333
Armament of 336 Hennepin 37, 38, 40,
Heresy Rebuked by Champlain 467 Its Garrison 374 Rebuilt. 489
Official Record of. 569
Ft. Duquesne Taken 137
Ft. Wayne Built. 303
Besieged 415
Ft. Miami Built at the Mouth of the St. Joseph River.
35
Ft. St. Louis 51
Ft. Creve Cæur Destroyed 42
Ft. Charters Built .. 77 Hudson, Henry. Ft. Stevenson, Its Gallant Defense .. 447 Ft. McIntosh. 238 11 Hudson Bay Co. 468 Howe, Gen., Sent to Detroit 871 Ft. Beggs Built 546 Hull, Gen., His Dilemma at Detroit. 380 Hut Built at Chicago 318
Ft. Laurens Attacked by the British and Indians 239
PAGE. Ft. Meigs Besieged by Gen. Proctor 441 Desperate Defense. 442
Ft. Niagara. 141
Ft. Pitt.
137
Attacked.
177
Ft. Edwards.
125
Ft. Henry
119, 125
Ft. Le Bœuf 84
Ft. Washington Built. : 268
Ft. Necessity, Articles of Capitula- tion 89 Fort Ordered to be Built on Upper Lakes 333
France Declares War Against Eng- land 128
Cedes Louisiana to Spain 148
Franklin
90
Takes Issue with Gov. Denny, of Pennsylvania. 129
French Missionaries Reach the Falls of St. Mary 12
Frontenac. 33 Fur Trade Under the French. 467 Gage, Gen ... 182
Proclamation to the French of Illinois 212
Galloway, James, Arrives in Chicago 500 His Troubles on the Way .. 501 Genet, French Minister to the United States .. 293
His Removal Requested by Jeffer- son. 294
Ghent, Treaty of. 468
Gist, Christopher 81
Gladwin, Maj. 162
Great Interior Beyond Chicago. 499
Great Britain Declares War Against France 825
Green Tree Hotel. 595
Green Bay 14
Greenville, Treaty at 304
Griffin, The, Built.
33
Sails Up the Lakes 34
Halfking, Chief
83
Hamilton, the Hair Buyer 229
Harmar, Gen., Invades the Indian Country .. 272 Governor of Indiana Territory ... 321 Fights the Battle of Tippecanoe ... 359
Relieves Ft. Wayne ... 419
Appointed to Command the North- western Army. 435
Defends Ft. Meigs.
440
Invades Canada. 454
Harrison Fights the Battle of the Thames. 455
Heald, Capt., Evacuates Ft. Dear- born 393
Attacked by Indians. 895
Heckwelder, Mary, First White
Child Born in Ohio. 241
Helm, Mrs ...
396
Hendricks, Chief. 119
41
Hogan, J. S. C ..
580
Howard, Capt., Takes Possession of Forts on the Upper Lake. 186
Hubbard, Gurdon S., Enlists in the Service of the American Fur Co. 472 Arrives at Chicago. 473 His Narrow Escape 476
Huchins, Thos., Director of Public Surveys 263
Iberville Enters the Mississippi.
67
Ellis Joel .. 579 Hall, Benjamin. 343
Index. 683
PAGE.
Illinois and Michigan Canal Located 515 Incorporated 507 Illinois Admitted Into the Union ... 492 Illinois Tribes, Their Unwritten Laws 19
Illinois Territory Constituted. 360 Indiana Territory, Its Census of 1810 352
Indians Demand the Ohio as a
Boundary
285
Indian Treaty at Chicago in 1821. 479
Indian Treaty of 1816, for a Strip of Land from the Illinois River to Chicago 491
Indian Creek Massacre. 543
Indian Council at Ft. Niagara. 183
At the Mouth of the Maumee River
282
Its Failure.
291
Indians Removed from Chicago
593
Indian Architecture . 475
Jay's Mission to the English Court .. Treaty, Its Effect 363
302
Jefferson, Thos .. 250
Johnson, Sir William 183
Joliet with Marquette 14
Returns to Canada
Joutel 56
Jumonville 87
Kaskaskia Settled. 77 Capitol of the State of Illinois 464
Kellogg's Grove, Battle of. 559
King Geo. III, His Proclamation to Penn, Governor of Pennsylvania 215 Kinzie, John. . 339, 576 John, Arrives at Chicago 344
Mrs. John H ... 346, 576
John, Returns to Chicago 490
Advises Capt. Heald to Hold Ft.
Dearborn
387
Family Sent to Detroit. 407
John, Gets the News of Perry's Victory. 453
John, His Death 518
Robt., His Death 599
John, His Ancestry
575
Arthur, His Reminiscences 592
La Barre 53
La Clede Settles St. Louis.
193
Nika
42
La Fromboise, J. B 597 North Bend. 266
12
Lake Superior Reached by French. La Mai at Chicago. 318
La Point.
14
La Salle.
32
Makes the Portage of the Kanka- kee. 35
Commences Building a Fort and Vessel on the Illinois River .. . . Sails for the Mouth of the Missis- 36 sippi . 54
Lands at Metagorda Bay and Starts for the Illinois Country .. 56 Assassinated. 60 His Death Avenged. 63 Le Bœuf Taken 178 Lee's Place. 375,
596
Massacre at"
379
Little Turtle Defeats the American Army 280
Masterly Speech after Defeat ... 304 Peoria Attacked . 423
He Cedes Six Miles Square Around the Mouth of the Chicago River at the Treaty of Greenville 309
Loftus, Maj., Attempts to Reach the
Illinois Country. 195 Logan, The Iroquois Chief, His Fam- ous Speech. 219
Loudon, Lord, Appointed Governor of Virginia ... 126
Louisburg Taken by the British 131 Louisiana Named by La Salle. 50 Northern Limits of. 332
PAGE.
Ceded to Spain
194
Ceded to United States.
326
Mackinaw Taken by the British.
373
Taken by the Indians
166
Mann, John.
579
Maize, Paulette, Takes St. Joseph ... 224
Marguarette and Elizabeth, Two Heroine Captives ... 337
Marquette, Father, and Joliet on the Illinois River 18 Discovers Chicago 20
Winters at Chicago.
22
Autograph Map.
21
Starts for Canada 23
He Dies.
23
Journal.
24
Bones Exumed
30
Remains Removed to St. Ignace .. Monument 27
24
McKee, David, His Account of Early Chicago 523
Membre
49
Michilimackinac Taken Possession
of by the British
156
Miller, Samuel
603
Military Possession Taken of West
Florida by the United States ....
327
Mississippi Discovered.
15
River Made the Western Boundary of the United States. 249
Monroe, Col.
130
Monckton, Gen ..
111
Montcalm Takes Ft. Wm. Henry
130
Death
146
Montreal
13
Moravian Settlements on the Musk-
ingum
237
Moravians Massacred
245
Morrison, Ezekiel ..
584
Naperville Settlers Alarmed
544
Newberry, Oliver
580
New Orleans Settled.
68
New Design First American Settle-
ment in Illinois
268
Nichols, Luther, the Last Surviv- ing Soldier of Ft. Dearborn. ...
495
Northwest Divided Into 1st, 2d and
3d Divisions
.256, 259, 261
Ohio Company ..
254
Oliver, Wm., the Brave Scout.
417
His Daring Exploit to Relieve Ft.
Meigs .
443
Ojibewa Girl
162
Ordinance of 1784, Ceding the North-
west to the United States .
258
Oswego Taken by the French.
128
Ouatanon Taken.
166
Ouilmette, First French Resident in
Chicago
574
Pauly, Ensign
167
Payne, Rev. Adam, Killed 555
Peace of 1783 with England 249
Peace of 1814 with England 468
Pecatonica, Battle of
561
Peck, P. F. W., Arrives at Chicago 580
Perry's Victory
450
Perrot, Nicholas,
Takes French
14
Possession of the Lake Country. Pictured Rocks ... 16
Pierre, Eugenie, Marches Against
St Joseph and Takes the Place .. 234
Pioneer Tavern Keeping
598
Pitt Appointed Premier.
129
Pontiac Gives Warning to the Eng- lish . ... 159
His Short Gun Conspiracy
163
Attacks the Fort at Detroit
164
Iroquois, The Invasion of.
46
· Marietta Settled
254
20
684
Index.
PAGE.
Smokes the Pipe of Peace, 213
His Death 213
Northern Illinois Boundary Changed .. 493
Post, Christian Frederick. 135
Pottowattomies, The .. 376
In 1818 475
Powers, Thomas, His Intrigues with the West 324
Prairie du Chien Taken by the Brit- ish 459
Presquoish Taken .. 177 Slain .. 457
Proctor, Gen., Requires the Citizens of Michigan to Take the Oath of Allegiance to England. 438
Retreats from Ft. Meigs. 445
Public Surveys.
263
Putman, Israel. 139 Quebec Settled. 10
Red Jacket, His Caustic Speech .. 314
Reynolds, John, His Vain Attempt
to Compromise Between the Indians and the Whites. . 535
Reynault, Phillip Francis, Intro- duces Slavery into Illinois. 192
River Rasin, Battle of 437 Robinson, Alex .. 592
Rogers, Maj. Robt., Ordered to Take
Possession of the Western Post. 150 Takes Possession of Detroit. 155 Russell, J. B. F. 593
Sauganash Hotel 568,
598
Sandusky Taken 166
Schools, Public, in Chicago 618
Schoolcraft, Henry R., at Chicago 479
Schuyler, Gen .. 128
Scott, Gen., Ordered to Chicago 548
His Route to Rock Island. 566
Shabonee ... .511,
607
Shelby, Gov., Joins Gen. Harrison ..
454
Shirley, Gen ...
111
Marches Against Ft. Niagara. 117
Simon, Girty. 241
Sioux, The 12
Snow, G. W. 578
Spain Cedes Louisiana to France. 325
Closes the Mouth of the Mississippi River 252
St. Joseph Taken. 166
St. Francis Xavier, Mission of. 15
St. Ange .... 195
St. Clair, Gen. Arthur, Appointed Governor of the Northwest Ter- ritory .. 264
Louisa, a Heroine of the Forest ... 278 St. Clair, Gov., Invades the Indian Country 279 Is Defeated by Little Turtle 280
Stobo Given Up by Washington as a Hostage 88 His Wonderful Adventure 142, 143 Starved Rock 52, 214 Sterling, Capt., Takes Possession of the Illinois Country. 211
Steuben, Baron, Sent by Washing-
ton to Secure the Western Posts from the English. 269
Stillman's Defeat ..
542
St. Louis Besieged by the British and Indians. 235
St. Louis and Chicago in 1821. 484 Supply Fleet for Detroit Captured .. 169 Thames, The, Battle of. 455 Taylor's, Capt. Zachary, Defense of Ft. Harrison 416
Taxpayers in Chicago in 1835. 516 Tecumseh Saves the Life of White Messengers 353 Made Brigadier-General in the
British Army ..
374
Complains of the British
461.
Tippecanoe, the Place of the Indian
Council
351
Battle of
358
Tonty .. .. .. .34, 46, 48, 49, 52, 54, 66, 67, 68 Treaty with the Sac Indians ... 464 With Spain, Giving Up the Free Navigation of the Mississippi River., 324
Two Hundred and Six White Cap- tives Returned to Bouquet. 189 Ultimatum in French and Indian War 127
Van Braum Given Up by Washing- ton as a Hostage. 88
Venango Taken 178
Vigo, Francis .. 232
Vincennes Settled.
68
Taken by Clark
232
Volney's Admiration of Little Turtle 311 Walker, Geo. E., Becomes Bail for an Indian Tried for His Life .... 611 War Between Spain and England. . 234
Declared Against England by the United States. 369
Wawatam Saves Henry the Trader. 165 Washington's Mission to the Ohio ... 91 Washington at Braddock's Defeat .. 113 Wayne, Ft., Prepares for Defense ... 416 Gen. Anthony, Given Command of the Northwestern Army. 895 Victory Over Little Turtle 298
Wells, Wm. Wayne, Arrives at Ft. Dearborn .... 394
Weld, Isaac, His Statement. 299
Wentworth, Elijah. 604
Wharfing Privileges . 613
Whistler, Maj. William, Arrives at Chicago. 549
White Eyes, Champion for the United States 222
Williams, Col. 119
Eli B., Arrives at Chicago 583
Wild Bear in Chicago 614
Winnemac .
352
Brings to Ft. Dearborn the News of Hull's Surrender 386 Winnebago Scare 508
Wisconsin Heights, Battle of. 562
Wolcott, Alexander, His Marriage with Miss Ella Kinzie at Chicago 478 Wolf's Point 603
Wolfe, Gen., Before Quebec. 141 Defeated at Point Levi .. 143
Gains the Heights of Abraham 145
Takes Quebec
146
Death ...
146
Ziesburger, David ..
237
PAGE.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
PORTRAIT OF THE AUTHOR
1
MARQUETTE'S MAP. .. 21
MARQUETTE MONUMENT 27
STARVED ROCK . 52
WASHINGTON AT BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT 113
MAP ILLUSTRATING THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 122
DEATH OF GENERAL WOLFE ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 150
PLAN OF DETROIT IN 1749 157
PLAN OF TOWN AND FORTIFICATIONS OF DETROIT IN 1796. 175
PLAN OF FT. PITT IN 1759
180
GEN. CLARK WADING THROUGH THE SUBMERGED VALLEYS.
231
MARIETTA IN 1788 ..
255
MAP NO. 1, DIVISION OF THE WEST.
256
MAP NO. 2, DIVISION OF THE WEST.
259
MAP NO. 3, DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST
261
CINCINNATI IN 1810. 267 275
305
CLEVELAND IN 1796 317
COSTUMES OF EARLY SETTLERS 319
OLD FORT DEARBORN 335 340
THE OLD KINZIE MANSION
CHICAGO IN 1812 343
EARLY FRENCH MAP 348
FT. GREENVILLE. 350
HOSTILE INTERVIEW BETWEEN HARRISON AND TECUMSEH 354
GOVERNOR HULL'S RESIDENCE 385
BLACK PARTRIDGE'S MEDAL .. 391
MONUMENT OF THE FT. DEARBORN MASSACRE. 413
SECTION OF MOLL'S MAP 433
FT. MEIGS .. 441
PERRY'S VICTORY. 451
MAP ILLUSTRATING PONTIAC'S WAR 460
LOCALITY OF FT. DEARBORN . 465
SCHOOLCRAFT'S VIEW OF CHICAGO IN 1821 479
MINIATURE MODEL OF THE FIRST FT. DEARBORN
481
FT. DEARRORN IN 1853. 482
MAP OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS IN 1835. 523
INDIAN TRIBES IN ILLINOIS IN 1812. 524
529
BATTLE OF BAD AXE. 563
568
DEARBORN STREET DRAWBRIDGE
572
MAP ILLUSTRATING THE BLACK HAWK WAR 574
GREEN TREE HOTEL. 595
WOLF'S POINT. 604
CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S BUILDING 643
CLARK STREET IN 1857 672
INDIAN TRIBES OF ILLINOIS IN 1684 673
INDIAN TRIBES OF ILLINOIS IN 1765. 674
AUTHOGRAPHS OF CHICAGO CITIZENS. 675
685
CONTINENTAL CURRENCY.
FORT WAYNE IN 1794.
BLACK HAWK .
THE SAUGANASH HOTEL
1814
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