USA > Illinois > Mason County > The History and Mason Counties, Illinois > Part 16
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ARTICLE VI.
All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem-
7
163
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi. cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.
ARTICLE VII.
The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same.
Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names.
GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia.
New Hampshire. JOHN LANGDON, NICHOLAS GILMAN.
Massachusetts. NATHANIEL GORHAM, RUFUS KING.
Connecticut. WM. SAM'L JOHNSON, ROGER SHERMAN.
New York. ALEXANDER HAMILTON.
New Jersey. WIL. LIVINGSTON, WM. PATERSON, DAVID BREARLEY, JONA. DAYTON.
Pennsylvania.
B. FRANKLIN,
ROBT. MORRIS,
THOS. FITZSIMONS,
JAMES WILSON, THOS. MIFFLIN, GEO. CLYMER. JARED INGERSOLL, GOUV. MORRIS.
Delaware. GEO. READ,
JOHN DICKINSON, JACO. BROOM, GUNNING BEDFORD, JR., RICHARD BASSETT.
Maryland. JAMES M'HENRY, DANL. CARROLL, DAN. OF ST. THOS. JENIFER.
Virginia. JOHN BLAIR. JAMES MADISON, JR.
North Carolina. WM. BLOUNT, HU. WILLIAMSON, RICH'D DOBBS SPAIGET.
South Carolina.
J. RUTLEDGE,
CHARLES PINCKNEY. CHAS. COTESWORTH PINCKNEY, PIERCE BUTLER.
Georgia. WILLIAM FEW. ABR. BALDWIN.
WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.
169
AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO AND AMENDATORY OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution.
ARTICLE I.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
ARTICLE II.
A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
ARTICLE III.
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- scribed by law.
ARTICLE IV.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
ARTICLE V.
No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
ARTICLE VI.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
ARTICLE VII.
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact
170
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.
ARTICLE VIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
ARTICLE IX.
The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ARTICLE X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
ARTICLE XI.
The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- jects of any foreign state.
ARTICLE XII.
The Eleetors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinet lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major-
171
AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
ARTICLE XIII.
SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a. punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- diction.
SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apprc- priate legislation.
ARTICLE XIV.
SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
SEC. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states. according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.
SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.
SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.
L
172
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
.
Src. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this act.
ARTICLE XV.
SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shail not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation.
ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT.
NOVEMBER 7, 1876.
and
Wheeler,
Republican.
Tilden and
Kendricks,
Democrat.
PeterCooper
Greenback.
Prohibition
Anti-Scoret
Socletles.
COUNTIES.
Hayes and
Republican.
Tilden and
Hendricks,
PelerCooper
Greenback.
Prohibition.
Anti-Secret
Societies
Adams
4953
6308
41
. ..
Livingston.
3550
2184
1170 . .
Alexander
1219
1280
..
....
Logan.
2785
2595
Bond .
1520
1142
12
....
Macon ....
3120
2782
265 16
Boone.
1965
363
13
....
Maconpln
3567
4076
114 ..
Brown ..
944
1495
183
1
Madison.
4554
4730
39 1
Bureau
3719
2218
145
11
Marion
2009
2444
209
Calhoun
441
900
111
1
3
Mason ..
1566
1939
86 3
Massac
1231
-93
Champalgu
4530
3103
601
1
McDonough
2811
347
Christian
2501
8987
207
1
Mchenry
3465
1574
34
Clark
1814
2197
236
9
McLean
6363
4410
515
Clay
1416
1541
11ª
Menard
1115
1657
11
Clinton.
1329
1989
132
Mercer.
22209
1428
Coles
22957
102
Monroe
845
1651
Cook
36548
39240
Montgomery
Morgan .
3069
3174
109
5
Cumberland
1145
1407
129
Moultrie.
1245
167%
De Kalb
3679
1413
3
Ogle
3833 1921
De Witt.
1929
1174
746
10
l'orla.
4665
54443
Douglas
1631
135%
Pope
1319
800
DuPage
2129
1276
Perry
1541
1383
45
Edwards
970
466
61
like.
3055
4040 35
Edingham
1145
22265
43
Pulaski
1043
Faye'te
1881
2121
Putnam
646
159
14
Franklin
966
1302
391
Richland
1410
1552
Fulton.
4197
4669 89
Rock Island.
8912 2838
Greene
1695
3160
1
9
Sangamon
4851
5847
Grundy
1996
1142
108
Schuyler.
152
1804
115
llamillton
627
1433
Scott.
910
1269 182
Hardin
330
till
13.
Stark
1140
5891
99
1
Henry
417
1998
340
Stephenson
319%
2758
9
froquols
3768
2578
249
14
1
Jackson
2010
2071
106
Verinlion
4372
8031
288
Jefferson
1346
1667
647
..
Warren
2795
1984
138
1
do Daviess
2907
140
3
Washington
1911
16-1
Johnson
1367
$93
2450
1+2
141
1
Lake
2619
1647
55
1
Winnebago
4505
1568
13
La Salle
1194
13:29
514
15
Woodford
1.33
"105
237
1 1
lawrence
3087
20180
100
Total
275938 257099 16951 130 157
. .
Ford
1601
204
Randolph
2357
2589
Gallatin
C03
1140
282
Sallne
950
1081|
641
Hancock
3196
4207
Shelby
2019
8553 341
Henderson
1315
1015
1
St. Clair
2550
3171
4.1
2155
3
Wabash ..
650
936
Jersey
1845
2166
1
..
Wayne
1570
1751
482
469
4
Kankakre
3451
2131
133
1
Kendall
Will
4770
3999
677
.... . .
Knox.
5435
2632
309
. .
White
2066
Kane
5399
1363
.25
8
Edgar.
2715
2883
161
Pialt
180℃
1316
117
Marshall.
1553
1430
135
1
Carroll.
2231
91×
1209
1643
38
3013 201
Crawford
1355
104
95 15
91
1
6
Tazewell.
4,08
Union ...
Jasper
39
Whiteside
1672
41
COUNTIES.
Hayes
Wheeler.
Democrat.
Smith,
Smltb.
....
....
...
3
PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE.
How to find the gain or loss per cent. when the cost and selling price are given.
RULE .- Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which will be the gain or loss.
Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent.
How to change gold into currency.
RULE .- Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold.
How to change currency into gold.
Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold.
How to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership business.
RULE .- Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- tient will be the gain or loss per cent.
Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be each one's share of the gain or loss.
How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs.
A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs, when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa.
NOTE .- It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by X or 25 per cent. of Itself equals the gross weight.
To find the net weight or gross price.
Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.)
To find the gross weight or net price.
Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.)
How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed.
RULE .- Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308, and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the correct answer in bushels and tenths of a bushel.
For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point off one decimal place.
How to find the contents of a corn-crib.
RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or
(173)
174
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
by 1} ordinary method, and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the answer in bushels.
NOTE. In estimating corn in the car, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken Into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and spring. This rule generally holds good for corn measured at the time it is eribbed, provided It Is sound and clean.
How to find the contents of a cistern or tank.
RULE .- Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (al in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the contents in barrels of 31} gallons.
How to find the contents of a barrel or cask.
RULE .- Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all in inches) in REVERSED order, so that its UNITS will fall under the TENS : multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.
Hoe to measure boards.
RULE .- Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide the product by 12-the result will be the contents in square feet.
How to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc.
RULE .- Multiply the width. the thickness, and the length together (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the produet by 12-the result will be square feet.
How to find the number of acres in a body of land.
RULE .- Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.
When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width.
How to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall.
RULE .- Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards.
How to find the number of bricks required in a building.
RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22}.
The number of eubie feet is found by multiplying the length, height and thickness (in feet ) together.
Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thiek : hence. it requires 27 bricks to make a eubie foot without mortar. but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.
How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.
RULE .- Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 43 inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.
To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters.
175
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
To find the length of the rafters, at ONE-FOURTH pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredthis) ; at ONE-THIRD pitch, by .6 tenths) ; at TWO-FIFTHS pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at ONE-HALF itch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from he apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be aken into consideration.
NOTE .- By % or % pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be x4 or Xg the width of the ullding higher than the walls or base of the rafters.
How to reckon the cost of hay.
RULE .- Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, nd remove the decimal point three places to the left.
How to measure grain.
RULE .- Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic eet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to he left.
NOTE .- Exa etness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel.
The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by oultiplying the number of bushels by 8.
If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find he number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear orn to make 1 of shelled corn.
Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.
In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any iven plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the umber of rods and acres.
The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, n ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on he average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.
To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to valk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line traight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- ng, keep these objects constantly in line.
Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- rivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard reasure.
Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of he left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the eft arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.
To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given. RULE .-- Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.
1
176
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given.
RULE .- Divide the number of rods by S, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left.
The diameter being given, to find the circumference.
RULE .- Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. .
How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.
RULE .- Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.
To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared.
RULE .- Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the produet by 144.
General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.
RULE .- Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.
To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.
RULE .- Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet. and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.
Howard's new rule for computing interest.
RULE .- The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left ; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.
Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.
NOTE-The reciprocal of the rate Is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent. per month, In- verted, becomes & of a month, or 10 days.
When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1. three ones.
Rule for converting English into American currency.
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.
U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.
A township-36 sections each a mile square.
A section-640 acres.
A quarter section, half a mile square-160 acres.
An eighth seetion, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide-80 acres.
A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square-40 acres.
177
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east orner.
The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the ardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- cription of a forty acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of he south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west. r as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometime; verrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.
The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.
92-100 inches make 1 link. 5 links 1 rod.
rods 1 chain.
0 chains .. 1 mile.
NOTE .- A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.
Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- orn ; three of which made an inch.
Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches-called a hand.
In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes sed, which is a length of nine inches.
The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.
The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.
A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.
A fathom is equal to 6 feet.
A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly peaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal o 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said be a league.
In cloth measure an aune is equal to 14 yards, or 45 inches.
An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.
A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.
A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.
HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.
Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, hould keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- er. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- uiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here resent a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, nd well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics nd laborers.
178
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
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