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Timothy E. Howard-
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A HISTORY
OF
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY
INDIANA
BY
TIMOTHY EDWARD HOWARD
PRESIDENT OF THE NORTHERN INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
VOLUME ONE
1 THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
CHICAGO
NEW YORK
1907
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 455471
ASTAR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. R
1909 L
PREFACE
It is now more than three-quarters of a century since the organization and first settle- ment of St. Joseph county. Of those who were present at the beginning there is no one left to tell the story. Three generations have since been born to the rich inheritance of those first toilers. Of these. the oldest vet living have, perhaps, heard the pioneer history from the lips of the pioneers themselves. As to the rest, if they know the story at all, they have learned it from tradition, from musty records, from letters, papers and documents of other days, and, it may be also, from such incidental references as are to be found in scattered pamphlets, books and other publications. For anything more definite concerning our early history we have been accustomed to look to the historical atlas of the county, published, in 1875, by Higgins, Belden & Company, of Chicago, and to cer- tain historical and biographical works, particularly that published in the same city, in 1880, by Chapman & Company. The maps in the atlas referred to were excellent for their time. but have long been out of date. The footnotes in this atlas contain much valu- able information that might otherwise have been lost. The Chapman work consisted of a brief history of Indiana, followed by detached sketches of the history of St. Joseph county and biographies of prominent citizens. These local sketches, like the notes in the Atlas, are of inestimable valne. as preserving a variety of historical data furnished by men then still living, much of which also. if not thus preserved, might have been wholly forgotten. Since the publication of those works nearly a third of a century has passed, during which time many zealous students of our early history have gathered up the old traditions, searched the public records, turned over old newspaper files, and in a multi- tude of ways rescued from loss historical facts that were constantly slipping into oblivion. Chief among those students of antique historical lore have been David R. Leeper, Richard H. Lyon, George A. Baker and Charles H. Bartlett. Most of this good work has been done for or through the Northern Indiana Historical Society. To the labors of these painstaking searchers have been added numerous reminiscent writings prepared by older citizens, many of whom are now departed from us. It seemed high time to put into permanent form this wealth of material, new and old, to pick up these scattered threads of our splendid history and weave them into a continuous narrative, before they should again be scattered and perhaps lost forever.
For over a year the writer has devoted all the time which he could spare to this work, which to him has been a labor of love. He has. so far as he knows. overlooked no source of information which seemed open to him, and has sought to verify faets, names, dates and events, and to arrange the whole into a connected and readable history of St. Joseph county. How far these efforts have been successful must be left to the judgment of his readers. He has received aid from many sources, and has endeavored to give due credit for such help in the text, in the footnotes, and in the Bibliography printed on the follow-
iv
PREFACE.
ing pages. This bibliography includes not only the books and other printed publica- tions. but also all other authorities chiefly relied on in the writing of this history.
Acknowledgments are also due to many friends who have given valued information and furnished facts and reminiscences clearing up doubtful phases of our history. Among these generous helpers he would make particular mention of George A. Baker, secretary, and several other members, of the Northern Indiana Historical Society; H. S. K. Bar- tholomew, president of the Elkhart Historical Society; Samuel J. Nicoles. of Walkerton; and Albert H. Compton, of New Carlisle. Others who have suggested lines of research, answered requests, or who themselves have thrown light on the obscure past, are so numerous that even a list of their names could not be given. They will kindly ac- cept this general acknowledgment of their invaluable services in helping, so far as could be done at this time and with the material now available, to make this a complete and satisfactory history of the county.
The publishers have been generous on their part. In paper, printing, binding and illustration, all pains have been taken that could have been given to a work that was to be sold throughout the country, whereas the patrons of this history must be found only within the limits of St. Joseph county. For their considerate kindness, which has done so much to make the labors of the writer a pleasant task, his acknowledgments are due and gladly tendered.
South Bend, Indiana, January 1, 1908.
TIMOTHY E. HOWARD.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. TOPOGRAPHY.
Page
I. Location and General Features. 1
II. Relation of the St. Joseph to the Kan- kakee 1
III. The Glacial Drift.
1
IV. Glacial Action Over Northern Indi- ana 2
V. Lakes and Subterraneous Waters. 6
VI. Moraines and Waterways. 9
VII. The Great Kankakee .. 10
Sec. 1. Three Great Ice Lobes. Sec. 2. The Ancient Waterways. Sec. 3. Origin of the St. Joseph River.
VIII. Elevations, Strata and Soils.
17
IX. Lakes of St. Joseph County
18
CHAPTER II. EARLY HISTORY.
I. Marquette 20
Sec. 1. First Footprints.
Sec. 2. Routes of Travel.
Sec. 3. Historical Data.
II. La Salle 23
Sec. 1. Preparations.
Sec. 2. On the Great Lakes.
Sec. 3. The Portage of the St. Joseph.
Sec. 4. At the Village of the Miamis.
Sec. Down the Mississippi.
Sec. 6.
The Passing of the Portage.
III. Primitive Inhabitants 34
Sec. 1. The Mound Builders. Sec. 2. Our Miamis and Pottawatomies. IV. Fort St. Joseph's 39
Sec. 1. The French Power.
Sec. 2. British Supremacy.
Sec. 3. Pontiac's War.
Sec. 4. George Rogers Clark and Fort St. Joseph 's.
Sec. 5. Taken by the Spaniards.
V. The Parkovash, Indian Camps and Trails . 43
Sec. 1. Camps and Fishing Resorts. Sec. 2. Trails and Traces. Sec. 3. Charlevoix on Portage Prairie. Sec. 4. Other Trails.
VI. The Removal of the Pottawatomies .. 48
CHAPTER IIL. THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Page
I. The French Era.
57
Sec. 1. Nature of the French Occupancy.
Sec. 2. Canada and Louisiana.
II. The British and Spanish Era.
58
III. George Rogers Clark.
59
Sec. 1. Clark in Kentucky.
Sec. 2. His Appeal to Virginia.
Sec. 3.
Secret Preparations.
Sec. 4. Capture of Kaskaskia.
Sec. 5. Father Gibault and Vincennes.
Sec. 6.
Clark's Winter Campaign.
IV. The County of Illinois. 70
Sec. 1. First Measures Taken by Virginia.
Sec. 2. Nature of the County Government.
Sec. 3. Claims Made by Other States.
Sec. 4. Cession by Virginia.
V. The Ordinance of 1787.
75
Sec. 1. First Congressional Plan: Seven- teen States.
Sec. 2.
Jefferson's Plan: Ten States.
Sec. 3.
Emigration to the West.
Sec. 4.
Development of the Ordinance.
Sec. 5.
The Six Articles of the Ordinance.
Sec. 6. The Constitution of the United States.
Sec. 7. Ratification of the Constitution.
Sec. 8.
Government Under the Ordinance.
Sec. 9.
Governor St. Clair.
Sec. 10. General Anthony Wayne.
Sec. 11. The Treaty of Greenville.
Sec. 12. Indian Land Titles.
Sec. 13. Lewis Cass and the Indian Treat- ies.
Sec. 14. Indian Titles to St. Joseph Coun- ty Lands.
Sec. 15. The First
Legislature
of
the
Northwest Territory.
VI. Indiana Territory.
93
Sec. 1. Extent of the Territory.
Sec. 2.
Organization
of
the
Territorial
Government.
Sec. 3.
The First Indiana Courts.
Sec. 4. Lotteries and Slavery in Indiana.
Sec. 5.
The
First
Indiana
Legislature;
the
Territory
of
Michigan
Formed.
Sec. 6. Tecumseh and the Battle of Tip- pecanoe.
Sec. 7. Aaron Burr.
Sec. S. Formation of Illinois Territory.
. vi
CONTENTS.
Page
VII. Organization of the State. 103
Sec. 1. Periods of Growth.
Sec. 2.
Admission into the Union.
See. 3.
Population and Revenues.
Sec. 4.
Boundaries.
Sec. 5.
The Name of the State.
Sec. 6.
The Title of Hoosier.
CHAPTER IV.
THE ST. JOSEPH COUNTY PIONEERS.
I. The Fur Trade. 125
Sec. 1. Sources of Our Civilization.
See. 2. The French Traders. Sec. 3. The British Policy in Relation to the Fur Tratle. See. 4. The Great Fur Companies.
II. Three Merchants of the Wilderness. . . 128 Sec. 1. Leclare. Sec. 2. Burnett. Sec. 3. Bertrand.
III. Pierre Navarre 130
IV. The First Settlers 131
Sec. I. Alexis Coquillard. See. 2. Lathrop M. Taylor. Sec. 3. First Name of the New Settle- ment.
Sec. 4.
Early Days on the Kankakee.
Sec. 5.
Other Early
Settlers
of
the
Connty.
V. The Log House. 139
VI. Reminiscences 140
Sec. 1. By Daniel Greone. Sec. 2. By John Stull. Sec. 3. Paper by William D. Bulla. Sec. 4. Recollections of Hugh V. Comp- ton.
VII. Old Settlers' Reunions 150
CHAPTER V.
ORGANIZATION OF ST. JOSEPHI COUNTY.
1. Land Titles and Public Surveys. . .155
Sec. 1. Indian Titles.
Sec. 2. First Congressional and Legisla- tive Acts. Sec. 3. First Surveys. Sec. 4. First Land Sales.
II. Organization of the County. 157
See. 1. Attached Territory.
III. Our Form of County Government . . . 160 Sec. 1. The Virginia System. Sec. 2. The New England System. IV. The Board of Justices. 161
Sec. 1. Organization of Civil Govern-
V. The Board of Commissioners. 164
Sec. 1. Act of Organization. Sec. 2. Our First Commissioners. VI. Early County Records. . 170
Sec. 1. Organization of the Board.
Page
Sec. 2.
Adoption of a County Seal.
Sec. 3.
Other Orders.
Sec. 4.
Exemptions from Taxation.
Sec. 5.
The First Ferry and Steamboat
Landing.
Sec. 6.
Licenses to Do Business.
VII. Location of County Seat ..
173
Sec. 1.
St. Joseph, the First County Seat.
Sec. 2.
Act to Re-locate the County Seat.
Sec. 3.
Relocation.
Sec. 4.
South Bend, the Permanent Coun-
ty Seat.
VIII. The Townships Re-organized
176
IX. The County Boundaries
177
CHAPTER VI. COUNTY BUSINESS.
I. Administrative Officers and Boards. .. . 181 Sec. 1. The Clerk.
Sec. 2. The Recorder.
Sec. 3.
The Auditor.
Sec. 4.
The County Agent.
Sec. 5.
The Sheriff.
Sec. 6.
The Coroner.
Sec. 7.
The Treasurer.
Sec. 8.
The Surveyor.
Sec. 9. The County Board.
II. The Circuit Court. .187
Sec. 1. The
President
and
Associate
Judges.
Sec. 2.
The Circuits under the Constitu-
tion of 1816.
Sec. 3.
The Circuits Under the Constitu-
tion of 1851.
Sec. 4.
The First Session of the Court.
Sec. 5.
The Second Session of the Court.
Sec. 6.
Other Sessions of the Court, Un-
der the Old Constitution.
Sec. 7.
Sessions of the Court Under the
Now Constitution.
III. The Probate Court. 198
Sec. 1. The First Session.
Sec. 2. Further Sessions of the Court.
IV. The Court of Common Pleas.
.201
Sec. 1. Organization.
Sec. 2. The Court in St. Joseph County.
V. A Celebrated Case .
202
Dec. 1. Slavery, as Known in Indiana. Sec. 2. Our Slave Case.
VI. The County Buildings. 206
Sec. 1. The First County Jail.
Sec. 2.
The First Court House.
Sec. 3.
The Second County Jail.
See. 4.
The Second Court House.
See. 5.
The Third County Jail.
See. 6.
Re-arrangement
of
the Court House. ment. Sce. 2. The First Townships.
Sce. 7.
A Historic Building.
Sec. 8.
The Fourth County Jail.
Sec. 9.
The Third Court House.
Sec. 10. The County Asylums.
Sec. 11. The Old County Seminary.
Sec. 12. The Orphans ' Home.
vii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII. PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
Page
1. Our Rivers 223
Sec. 1. Improvements on the Kankakee.
Sec. 2.
Navigation of the St. Joseph.
Sec. 3. Water Power of the St. Joseph. Sec. 4. Generation of Electric Power. Sec. 5. Accidents on the River.
II. Ferries, Roads and Bridges ..
231
See. 1. Ferries Over the St. Joseph.
Sec. 2. Bridges Over the St. Joseph. Sec. 3. Roads.
III. Railroads . 236
Sec. 1. The Lake Shore.
See. 2.
The Michigan Central.
See. 3.
The Grand Trunk.
Sec. 4. The Division Street Incident. Sec. 5. Other Railroads.
Sec. 6. Railroad Accidents.
IV. Street Railways and Interurbans. . . . 240
Sec. 1. The Sonth Bend City Railway. Sec. 2. The South Bend & Mishawaka Railway. See. 3. The Indiana Railway.
Sec. 4. The Chicago, South Bend &
Northern Indiana Railway.
Sec. 5.
The Southern Michigan Railway.
Sec. 6. The Chicago, Lake Shore & South Bend Line.
V. Telegraphs and Telephones. 243
Sec. 1. The Western Union. See. 2. The Postal. See. 3. The Central Union. Sec. 4. The Home. See. 5. The Old and the New.
VI. Drainage 244
Sec. 1. The Swamp Land Aet.
Sec. 2. Professor Campbell's Survey.
Sec. 3. Removal of the Momence Rock. Sec. 4. General Drainage.
VII. Farmers' Societies and Fairs .. .267
Sec. 1. Agricultural Societies.
Sec. 2.
Hailstorm, Flood and Tornado.
Sec. 3. Horticultural Society.
Sec. 4. Farmers' Fire Insurance Company. Sec. 5. The Grange, Farmers' Institutes, etc.
CHAPTER VIII. THE TOWNSHIPS.
I. The First Division of the County Into Townships 272
Sec. 1. Michigan Township.
See. 2. Deschemin Township. See. 3. German Township. Sec. 4. Portage Township.
II. Second Division Into Townships. . .. . 273
Sec. 1. Portage Township.
See. 2. Center Township.
Sec. 3. Highland Township.
Sec. 4. Commissioners' Districts.
Page
III. Third Division Into Townships. . ..
.273
Sec. 1. Penn Township. Sec. 2. Portage Township.
Sec. 3. Olive Township.
See. 4. Commissioners' Districts.
IV. Two Lost Townships. 274
See. 1. Plymouth.
Sec. 2. Washington.
V. The Present Townships. 275
Sec. 1. German.
See. 2.
Greene.
Sec. 3. Harris.
Sec. 4.
Union.
Sec. 5.
Liberty.
See. 6. Warren.
Sec. 7. Clay.
Sec. 8. Center.
Sec. 9. Madison.
Sec. 10. Lincoln.
See. 11. Penn.
See. 12. Portage.
See. 13. Olive.
CHAPTER IX. THE TOWNS.
I. Towus That Were. .303
Sec. 1. St. Joseph.
Sec. 2.
Portage.
Sec. 3.
Plainfield.
Sec. 4. Palestine.
See. 5. Williamsport.
Sec. 6. Greensburg.
Sec. 7. Canton.
See. 8.
Mount Pleasant.
See. 9.
Terre Coupee.
Sec. 10. Denniston.
II. Unincorporated Towns .309
Sec. 1.
Osceola.
See. 2.
Crum's Point.
Sec. 3. Granger.
Sec. 4. Wyatt.
See. 5. Lindley.
See. 6.
Woodland.
Sec. 7.
Warwick.
Sec. S.
Nutwood.
III. Incorporated Towns 312
Sec. 1. New Carlisle.
Sec. 2.
North Liberty.
Sec. 3.
Lakeville.
Sec. 4.
River Park.
Sec. 5.
Walkerton.
CHAPTER X. THE CITY OF MISHAWAKA.
I. Formation and Incorporation. .
. . . . 319
Sec. 1. The St. Joseph Iron Works.
Sec. 2.
Barbee's Plat.
Sec. 3. Fowler's Addition.
Sec. 4. Indiana City.
Sec. 5.
Other Additions.
Sec. 6.
Union of the Towns.
See. 7.
Incorporation.
II. Business Enterprises 323
viii
CONTENTS.
Page
III. Religious. Educational and Social .. . 333 Page
Sec. 1. The Episcopal Church.
Sec. 2. The Baptist Church.
Sec. 3. The Christian Church.
Sec. 4. The Catholic Church.
Sec. 5. The Evangelical Association.
Sec. 6. The Methodist Church.
Sec. 7. The Lutheran Church.
Sec. S. The Presbyterian Church.
Sec. 9. Schools.
Sec. 10. Reminiscences.
Sec. 11. Societies and Clubs.
Sec. 12. Soldiers' Monument Association. Sec. 13. The Press.
Sec. 14. Mishawaka Summary.
IV. Town and City Government. . . . . . . 348
CHAPTER XI. THE CITY OF SOUTH BEND.
I. Beginnings of the Town .351
Sec. 1. The Michigan Road.
Sec. 2. Names given to the Town.
Sec. 3. The Original Plat of South Bend. Sec. 4. South Bend the County Seat.
II. The Town Government. 356
Sec. 1. The First Incorporation.
Sec. 2. The Second Incorporation. Sec. 3. The Officials of the Town.
III. The City Government. .359
Sec. 1. Officers.
Sec. 2. Growth-Wards-Population.
Sec. 3. The Special Charter. Sec. 4. The Municipal Code.
IV. City Improvements. 369
Sec. 1. Streets and Sidewalks.
Sec. 2. Sewers.
Sec. 3. Water Works.
Sec. 4. Fire Department.
Sec. 5. The City Hall.
Sec. 6. Parks.
V. Business Enterprises 394
Sec. 1. The Studebaker Brothers' Manu- facturing Company.
Sec. 2. The Oliver Plow Works. Sec. 3. The Birdsell Manufacturing Com- pany.
Sec. 4. The Singer Sewing Machine Com- pany.
Sec. 5. The O'Brien Varnish Works.
Sec. 6. The Staley Manufacturing Com- pany.
Sec. 7. The South Bend Toy Manufac- turing Company.
Sec. 8. The Knoblock-Heidman Company.
Sec. 9. The South Bend Chilled Plow Company. Sec. 10. The Folding Paper Box Company. Sec. 11. The South Bend Woolen Company.
Sec. 12. The Indiana Foundry Company. Sec. 13. The La Salle Paper Company. Sec. 14. The Winkler Brothers Manufactur- ing Company. See. 15. Other Manufacturing Companies. Sec. 16. Banks.
VI. Religious. Educational and Social. . . 412
See. 1. The Methodist Church.
Sec. 2. The Presbyterian Church.
Sec. 3. The Reformed Church.
Sec. 4. The Catholic Church.
Sec. 5. The Baptist Church.
Sec. 6.
The Episcopal Church.
Sec.
The Lutheran Church.
Sec. 8.
The Evangelical Church.
Sec. 9.
The Christian Church.
Sec. 10. Other Churches.
Sec. 11. The Young Men's Christian As- sociation.
Sec. 12. The Young Women's Christian
Association.
Sec. 13. Hospitals.
Sec. 14. Hotels.
See. 15. Schools.
Sec. 16. Societies and Clubs.
VII. The Press .463
Sec. 1.
The Pioneer.
Sec. 2.
The Register.
Sec. 3.
The Tribune.
Sec.
The Times.
Sec. 5.
The Sunday News.
Sec. 6.
Other Newspapers.
Sec. 7.
South Bend Summary.
CHAPTER XII.
NOTRE DAME AND ST. MARY'S.
I. Father Sorin's Predecessors.
603
Sec. 1.
Pokagon.
Sec. 2.
Stephen Theodore Badin.
Sec. 3. The Removal of the Indians.
II. The University of Notre Dame. . . . . . 612 Sec. 1. 'Ine Congregation of the Holy
Cross.
Sec. 2. At Notre Dame.
Sec. 3.
A Hard Winter.
Sec. 4.
The First Buildings.
Sec. 5.
Early College Years.
Sec. 6.
The War Period.
Sec. 7.
A Retrospect.
Sec. 8.
The Development of the Univer-
sity.
Sec. 9.
The Fire.
Sec. 10. The Presidency of
the
Rey.
Thomas E. Walsh.
Sec. 11. Jubilees.
III. St. Mary's Academy. 698
Sec. 1.
Three Religious Societies.
Sec. 2. The Sisters at Notre Dame, Mish- awaka, Bertrand.
Sec. 3.
The Story of Bertrand.
Sec. 4.
At the New St. Mary's.
Sec. 5.
In the War for the Union.
Sec. 6.
Days of Peace and Growth.
CHAPTER XIII.
TEMPERANCE AND PROHIBITION.
709
ix
INDEX.
CHAPTER XIV. MILITARY HISTORY.
Page
I. Black Hawk. 711
Sec. 1. St. Joseph County Troops and Forts. Sec. 2. Thomas S. Stanfield's Reminis- cences.
Page
II. Other Early Wars. 715
III. The War for the Union 716
Sec. 1. Enlistments.
Sec. 2. The Roll of Honor.
Sec. 3. The Grand Army of the Republic.
Sec. 4. The Soldiers' Monument.
INDEX
Abbott, Everett L., 376. Abenakis, 28. Adams, John, 81. Adelphia, 77.
Adle, Henry A., 967. Admission of Indiana to Union, 103.
Agricultural Societies, 267. Albert, Charles, 797. Aldrich, William H., 1037. Algonquin Indians, 37, 48. Allen County, 160. Allouez, Father Claude, 20, 21, 22, 39, 41, 43, 57, 603, 604. Altfield, Max E., 425. Alward, George H., 182, 359.
Alward, George H., Jr., 888.
Ambrose, Sister, 422.
American F'ur Company, 127, 132, 162, 172, 351.
American Hotel, 435.
American Telegraph and Telephone Co., 243. American Trust Co., 412.
Amm, Leonard, 1026.
Ancient Order of Hibernians, 462.
Anderson, Andrew, 456, 520.
Anderson, Andrew, Jr., 202. Anderson, William S., 832.
Andre, Joseph, 358. Andrew, William, 202. Andrews, James M., 851. Angela, Mother, 344, 634, 701. Anti-Saloon League, 710. Antrim, Daniel, 313. Antrim, James P., 200. Appleby, Madison H., 412.
Armstrong, James, 297. Arnold, Joseph B., 525. Arnold, Joseph D., 202. Arnold, Levi F., 161. Arson, 97. Articles of Capitulation (1760), 58. Articles of Confederation, 79, 80. Askin, 129. Asphalt Pavement, 370. Assenisipia, 75. Associate Judges, 187. Associated Charities, 459. Assumption School, 419, 422. Astor, John Jacob, 127. Asylums, County, 216. Athletics at Notre Dame, 698. Attorneys, 93. Attorneys-at-Law, in Indiana Territory, 96. Atwood, Amos T., 949. Auditor, County, 181.
Auditorium, The, 459.
Auglaize River, 87.
Augustine Lake, 283.
Ankerman, Lewis S., 1006.
Au Sable, Jean Baptiste Point, 129.
Auten, John, 717.
Auten Post, G. A. R., 389, 718, 736; Fortieth Anni- versary, 736; 741; Appeal of, 745; 754.
Anten Relief Corps, 389, 744.
Ave Maria, The, 639. Avenue Hotel, 440.
Babaugo Creek, 310.
Bachtel, David, 1068.
Bacon, Julia M., 416.
Badin, Father, 604, 629.
Badin, Stephen T., 51, 418.
Baer, Alphens F., 811.
~ Baer, John H4, 451. Bailey, Charles E., 1114.
Baird, Thomas D., 409, 456.
Baker, A. D., 558.
Baker, Adam S., 407.
Baker, Bessie A., 453.
Baker, Darwin H., 411.
Baker, George A., 128, 426, 453.
Baker, L. F., 361, 378.
Baker, Wm., 380.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 239.
Banfil, Francis M., 424.
Banker, John, 191, 195, 199.
Banks of South Bend-State Bank, 409; Bank of State of Indiana, 410; First National, 410; South Bend National, 411; St. Joseph County Savings, 411; St. Joseph Loan and Trust Co., 412; People's Savings, 412; Citizens' National, 412; Merchants' National, 412; American Trust,
412; Citizens' Loan, Trust and Savings, 412. Banner, The Ligonier, 469.
Baptist Church, Mishawaka, 334.
Baptist Church, South Bend, 422, 423.
Barbee's Plat, Mishawaka, 321.
Barber, A. E., 534.
Barker, John G., 365, 388, 857.
Bar Association, 456.
Bartlett, Charles H., 449, 453.
Bartlett, John G .. 565. Bartlett, David, 144.
Bartlett, Joseph G., 565.
Barrett Law, 370. Basil, Brother, 626, 671. Bass Lake, 18, 283. Bassett, Allen, 184. Bates, Benjamin A., 844.
x
INDEX.
Bates, Demas D., 515. Battell, Joseph, 321. Battell Park, 321, 346. Baugo Creek, 291. Baumberger, Fred, 1146. Beach, William H., 372. Beacon, The St. Joseph, 191. Beal, Archibald, 347, 467. Beall, Brenton H., 965. Beall, Daniel W., 972. Beall, Rayon, 969. Becher, Jacob, 1141. Beck, Samuel, 573. Bedrock, Arched, 12. Beehler, Adam, 1132. Beehler, Jacob, 1125. Beehler, Joseph, 1069. Beehler, Peter, 1120. Beemer, Harrison G., 182. Beiger, Martin V., 790. Beitner, George B., 453. Belledin, John, 1072. Bellinger, William M., 978. Bells at Notre Dame, 634.
Bennett, Philo, 196. Bettcher, George A., 988.
Bergan, Joseph, 40S. Bergan, William N., 408, 1147.
Berner's Grove, 315. Bernhard, Albert, 852. Berrien County, Michigan, 161. Bertrand, 45, 47, 130, 151, 699; Story of, 701. Bertrand, Joseph, 129. Beulah Chapel, 425. Beyer, August F., 766. Beyer, Herman H., 856. Beyrer, John, 781. Bicknell, Ernest P., 136.
Biddle, Horace P., 198. Biddle, William B., 197.
Bierbauer, Ambrosia, 882. Big St. Joseph Station, 351.
Bigelow, Francis, 642. Bingham, E. Volney, 524, 722. Bingham, Newton, 723. Bird, Andrew, 145. Bird, John, 144. Birdsell Clover Huller, Invention of, 401. Birdsell, Joseph B., 401, 491. Birdsell, John C., 362, 376, 401, 490, 709. Birdsell Manufacturing Co., 401, 405, 408. Birk, George A., 1120. Birk, George J., 1119. Birkinbine, John, 373. Biro, Michael .J., 422. Bissell, Thelus M., 400. Blackford, Isaac. 104. Black Hawk, 146, 300. Black Hawk War, 144, 373, 711.
"Black Robes,"' Nevin's, 604. Block House on Portage Prairie, 713. Blowney, Henry J., 716, 809. "BInff, " The, 14. Board of Commissioners, 160, 164, 190. Board of Health, South Bend, 358. Boards of Justices, 158, 160, 161, 169, 186, 190. Boles, James, 792. Bolin Lake, 277. Bonaparte, Napoleon, 32. Bond, Shadrach, 92.
Boner, James, 929. Boot Jack Cemetery, 734. Borisowieg, N. G., 545. Borg, John F., 424, 839. Bostwick, James G., 549. Boundaries of County, 177.
Boundary Line, Michigan or Indiana, 107, 620. Bourget, J., 419. Bowman Cemetery, 732.
Bowman, David, 874.
Bowman, John L., 855.
Bowman, Joseph, 62. Bowman, Samuel, 187, 215.
Bowsher, Delevan D., 583.
Bowsher, Jay C., 583.
Bowsher, N. P., 582.
Bowsher, The N. P. Company, 582. Bowsher, N. P., Feed Mill Mfg. Co., 409.
Bradley, John H., 196. Brav, Tyra W., 181, 186, 281, 305, 308, 312, 314, 321, 410. Brechenser, Charles, 864.
Bredemus, Kate, 425. Breen, William P., 651. Brennaman, Andrew J., 1078. Brethren Church, 425. Briber, 97. Brick, Abraham L., 198, 389, 392, 506, 651. Bridges Over St. Joseph, 232; Iron, 233. Brick Pavement, 370.
Brink, James H., 765. British Occupancy, 59.
Brookfield, William, 157, 162, 173, 175, 183, 185, 276, 303, 355. Brower, Norman V., 347.
Brown, Chapel W .. 191, 195, 199.
Brown, George A., 1064.
Brown, John M., 183.
Brown, William A., 358.
Brown, Rezean, 842.
Brownfield. John, 357, 358, 378, 400, 410, 411, 453 Brownson, Orestes A., 680.
Brummitt, Mark L., 909.
Brusie, Orville H., 378.
Bruté, Bishop, 22, 52, 126, 610, 612.
Bryant, Alfred, 414, 434, 435.
Bryan, F. A., 568.
Bryce, William K., 422. Buchheit, Jacob, 804.
Buckley, J. M., 677.
Buechler, Alexander A., 900.
Bugbee, Almond, 384, 393, 554, 709.
Bugbee, Willis A., 426, 453, 585. Building and Loan Associatious, South Bend. 463. Bulla, Milton V., 186.
Bulla, Thomas P., 146, 186.
Bulla, Vincent S., 1004.
Bulla, William F., 187.
Burial, First, 145.
Burner, Edgar E., 876.
Burnet, Jacob, 91. Burnett, James, 129.
Burnett, William, 128.
Burns, Albert M., 854.
Burr, Aaron, 102. Burroughs, Ricketson. 357, 358, 361, 410, 453.
Business College, South Bend, 452. Business Enterprises of South Bend, 394. Business Enterprises of Mishawaka, 323. Butler, John P., 831.
xi
INDEX.
Butterworth, William E., 542. Butterworth, William W., 541. Butzbach, George, 762. Byerley, Samuel, 623. Byers, Andrew, 1155. Byers, Andrew, Sr., 1155. Byers, John, 813. Byers, John A., 861. Byrkit, Edmund B., 596.
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