History of La Porte County, Indiana, Part 1

Author: Chas. C. Chapman & Co
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : C.C. Chapman
Number of Pages: 930


USA > Indiana > LaPorte County > History of La Porte County, Indiana > Part 1


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1800


Glass F532 Book L3H6


·


١


HISTORY


OF


LA PORTE COUNTY,


INDIANA;


TOGETHER WITH SKETCHIES OF ITS CITIES, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDU- CATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND POLITICAL HISTORY; PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT PERSONS, AND BIOGRAPHIIES OF REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.


HISTORY OF INDIANA,


EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF TIIE PRE-IIISTORIC RACES, ABORIGINES, FRENCH, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN CONQUESTS, AND A GENERAL REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL, POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY.


ILLUSTRATED.


CHICAGO: CHAS. C. CHAPMAN & CO., 1880.


F532 L3H6


16235


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 1898. CITY OF WASHINGTON.


BLAKELY, BROWN & MARSH, PRINTERS, 155 & 157 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO.


DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, BOOKBINDERS, 105 & 109 MADISON STREET., CHICAGO


5092 4


AnTeegarden


PREFACE.


The history of La Porte county possesses features of unusual interest in comparison with those of other neighboring counties. Here the sturdy pioneer located and began to exert his civilizing influence long before other sections contained a settler. This being a delightful section of country, it was early occupied by those com- ing West in search of permanent homes.


In matters of general public interest and progress, La Porte county has ever taken a leading and prominent position. Here have lived men who have taken an important part in the affairs of State and in molding the political sentiments and destiny of the country. This county has been the scene of conflict between some of the giant intellects of the nation. Here the shrewd and enter- prising Easterner, the courtly Southerner and the sturdy, practical Westerner have met and mingled, have assimilated the better traits possessed by each other, and thus have formed a society, a people superior in many particulars to that of most localities. The origi- nal settlers, the earliest pilgrims, have nearly all passed away. Here and there we see the bended form and whitened head of some of these veterans, but they are not numerous; most of them have gone to that country which is always new, yet where the trials, struggles and hardships of pioneer life are never known.


Accurate and reliable history is most difficult to write. Those who have never experienced the difficulties incident to such labor cannot realize how nearly impossible it is, or can appreciate the earnest, honest and faithful labor of a historian. After the most careful and painstaking searches and inquiry upon any particular subject, or about any event, he will even then find many doubts as to its accuracy. Each individual will give a different account of the same events, though they be ever so honest and faithful. This fact is forcibly illustrated by Sir Walter Raleigh. While in prison in a tower of England, he engaged himself in writing the history of the world. One day a brawl occurred in the tower yard, and he desired to learn the particulars. Two of the principal actors came before him, and each related the account of the trouble; yet so


-


PREFACE.


widely different were they that he found it utterly impossible to tell what the facts were. He then remarked, " Here I am engaged in writing the history of events that occurred 3,000 years ago, and yet I am unable to learn the facts of what happens at my win- dow." This has been the the channel of our experience, and that of all others who have attempted national or local history.


Besides mistakes on account of these causes, doubtless there are many others to be found within these pages. To suppose that a volume of this magnitude, and containing so many thousands of names and dates and brief statements would be wholly accurate, is - a supposition we presume no sane man will make. While we do not claim for this work critical accuracy or completeness, yet we are quite certain that it will be found measurably and practically so. Let it rest as the foundation for the future historian to build upon.


As one of the most interesting features of this work, we present the portraits of several representative citizens. It has been our aim to have the prominent men of the day, as well as the pioneers, rep- resented in this department; and we flatter ourselves on the uniform high character of the gentlemen whose portraits we present. They are in the strictest sense representative men. There are others, it is true, who claim equal prominence with those presented, but as a matter of course it was impossible for us to represent all the leading men of the county.


As we quit our long, tedious, yet nevertheless pleasant task of compiling the History of La Porte County, we wish to return the thanks of grateful hearts to those who have so freely aided us in collecting material. To the county officials, pastors of churches, officers of societies, pioneers, and particularly the editors of the press, we are particularly grateful for the many kindnesses and courtesies shown us while laboring in the county ; but most of all we wish to thank those who so liberally and materially aided the work by becoming subscribers to it. We feel that we have discharged our duties fully, have fulfilled all our promises, have earned the laborer's pay.


C. C. CHAPMAN & CO.


CHICAGO, October, 1880.


CONTENTS.


HISTORY OF INDIANA ..


FORMER OCCUPANTS 17


The First Immigration.


18


The Second Immigration.


20


The Tartars ..


23


Singing-School .. 167


Guarding against Indians. 168


The Bright Side.


171


What the Pioneers Have Done. 173


Military Drill .. 175


"Jack, the Philosopher of the 19th Cen- tury." 176


"Too Full for Utterance.' 177


Thieving and Lynch-Law 129


Curing the Drunken Husband. 180


The "Choke Trap." 181


British Policy.


American Policy 46


47


Indian Savagery ..


EXPEDITIONS OF COL. GEORGE ROGERS CLARK.


52


Clark's Ingenious Ruse. . 64


Subsequent Career of Hamilton. 64


Gibault. 65


Vigo 66


GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTH - WEST


67


Ordinance of 1787.


Liquor and Gaming Laws 74


MILITARY HISTORY, 1790 TO 1800 75


Expeditions of Harmar, Scott and Wil- kinson .... 75


Expeditions of St. Clair and Wayne. 78 79


Wayne's Great Victory


TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 82


Organization of Indiana Territory First Territorial Legislature.


82 84


The Western Sun.


84


Indiana in 1810 .. 84 DIVORCE LAWS 250


GOVERNOR HARRISON AND THE INDIANS.


87


Harrison's Campaign. 92 98


Battle of Tippecanoe


WAR OF 1812 101


Expedition against the Indians. 103


Close of the War. 108


TECUMSEH .. 111


CIVIL MATTERS 1812-'5 116


Population in 1815. 118


General View. 118


ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE 121


BLACK HAWK WAR 123


LAST EXODUS OF INDIANS. 131


INDIAN TITLES 132


LAND SALES 133


HARMONY COMMUNITY 134


PIONEER LIFE. 136


The Log Cabin. 136


Sleeping Accommodations 138


Cooking .. 141


Women's Work 142


Dress and Manners 143


Family Worship. 145


Hospitality 147


Trade ..


148


Money


148


Milling 150 STATE CAPITOL .. 301


Agricultural Implements. 150 STATE OFFICERS. 302


Hog-Killing ..


151


Prairie Fires 152


Wild Hogs. 156 Native Animals 157


Wolf Hunts. 157


Bee-Hunting. 158


Snakes.


158


Shakes 159


Education


160 -


"Past the Pictures." 164


Spelling-School 165


Relies of the Mound-Builders. 23


Indians 31


Manners and Customs 34


EXPLORATIONS BY THE WHITES 37


Earliest Explorers


37


Ouabache 39 Vincennes 99


NATIONAL POLICIES 41 The Great French Scheme 41 Pontiac's War .. 46 46


MICHIGAN BOUNDARY 185


MEXICAN WAR. 186


SLAVERY


194


15th Amendment. 197


THE WAR FOR THE UNION .. 198


Lincoln did not seek the Presidency 198


States Seceding 199


The Fall of Sumter. 200


A Vast Army Raised in 11 Days 201


Sherman's March to the Sea. 202


Character of Abraham Lincoln. 202


The War Ended-The Union Restored .. 204


The Morgan-Raid Regiments 2:27


Six Months' Regiments 229


The 100-Days' Volunteers. 233


234


The President's Call of July, 1864. Dec., 66


231


Independent Cavalry Company of Indi- ana Volunteers 238


Our Colored Troops. 239


239 Batteries of Light Artillery.


After the War 246


FINANCIAL


251


State Bank. 253


Wealth and Progress .. 254


Internal Improvements


256


GEOLOGY 262


COAL. 264


AGRICULTURE 266


State Board of Agriculture. 266


The Exposition .. 267


Indiana Horticultural Society. Pomological 270 269


EDUCATION


272


Public Schools


Indiana State University


Purdue University .. 281


Indiana State Normal School 285


Normal School, etc., at Valparaiso. 286


Denominational and Private Institutions 287


BENEVOLENT AND PENAL INSTI- TUTIONS 291


Institute for the Education of the Blind 291 Institute for the Deaf and Dumb .. 293 Hospital for the Insane ... 295


The State Prisou South .. ..


296


North 29~


Female Prison and Reformatory. 298


Indiana House of Refuge. 300


U. S. SENATORS FROM INDIANA. 806 REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. 307 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Of Governors 310


Of U. S. Senators. 316


THE SUPREMACIES


319


STATES OF THE UNION.


319


1


CONTENTS.


HISTORY OF LA PORTE COUNTY.


INTRODUCTION


331


CHAPTER I.


GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY ..


336


History as Connected with Time and Place. 336


Boundary .


337


Original Territory of Indlana.


338


Altitude.


338


Surface.


340


Lakes


3-10


Soil


341


Productions 3.12


Minerals 3.13


Theoretical Geology 3-14


Economical Geology


347


CHAPTER II.


BOTANY


348


CHAPTER III.


ZOOLOGY


377


CHAPTER IV.


ARCIIÆOLOGY 391


History Written in Mounds of Earth ... 391


The Remains as Found Elsewhere ... 391 Standing by the Mounds .. 297


CHAPTER V.


EARLY SETTLEMENTS 399 The Flood of Empire Taking its West-


ward Way. 399


CHAPTER VI.


PIONEER LIFE 413


Pioneer Homes-Log Cabins .. 113


The Benedict House-Raising. 413


Pioneer Work .. 416


Prairie Plowing by the Pioneers


417


Harvest-Time ..


419


Religious Meetings 420


School-Houses and Schools. 421


Socialties


423


CHAPTER VII.


INDIAN INCIDENTS 1:26


An Indian Legend. 429


Indian Advancements in Knowledge 430 Incident at Door Village .. 431 Henry Clyburn's Ox .. 432


The Sac Indian Horse-Thieves 432


The Black Hawk War .. 432


John Beatty and the indian 434


Miss Carter's School. 434 A Case of Indian Justice. 435 The Last of the Red Man. 435


CHAPTER VIII.


CIVIL ORGANIC HISTORY 437


Act of Legislature Establishing the


County .. 43. Organization of the County into Town-


ships


438


Detatchment from Starke County.


441


Further Acquisition of Territory .. 4-12


CHAPTER IX.


OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. 450 Tendency to Retrospection .. 450 Call for Old Settlers' Meeting. 451 Organization. 452


First Annual Reunion


455


The Dinner. 456


Second Annual Reunion 457


Third 459


Fourth 460


Fifth


66


66


462


Sixth


464


Seventh


467


Eighth


469


Ninth


66


470


Tenth


473


Eleventh


60


474


Death Roll .... 458, 460, 461, 463, 466, 468, 470,


472, 475


Old Settlers' Roll


476-507


CHIAPTER X.


THRILLING ACCOUNTS AND PER-


SONAL INCIDENTS ... 508


A Case of Accidental Drowning .. 509


Mary Garroutte ... 509


Was Freedom Dead ?.. 510


A School-House on a Rampage. 511


A Distressing Case of Poisoning 511


The Dangers of the Forest .. 51%


Daniel Webster's Estimate of Children. 513


The Spirit of the Devil in Politics 513


Murder of James F. Smith.


514


A Band of Counterfeiters.


515


He Died that His Boy Might Live ......


515


Minor Incidents.


516-'18


CHAPTER XI.


RECORD OF THE REBELLION


519


CHAPTER XII.


POLITICAL


536


The Issues of the Great Campaigns.


536


Election Returns.


540


CHAPTER XIII.


THE COURTS .


549


Criminal Record. 553


The Penalty of Death. 554


The Divorce Record. 555


Marriage Record.


558


County Officers


556-8


CHAPTER XIV.


THE SCHOOLS. 562


List of County Examiners and Superin-


tendents.


565


Course ot Study for the County Schools. 568


Statistics ..


571


Course of Study for the Westville High


School


578


CHAPTER XV.


LITERARY RECORD 580


John B. Niles 580


Mrs. Emma F. Malloy. 584


Welcome to the 87th. 586


Hon. Jasper Packard


589


Benj. F. Taylor ..


591


CHAPTER XVI.


THE RESOURCES OF THE COUNTY. 593


The Natural Resources.


593


The Railroads of the County.


796


CHAPTER XVII.


RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES


599


CONTENTS.


TOWNSHIP HISTORIES :


Michigan. 745


New Durham 775


Noble.


807


Centre


614


Clinton


669


Cool Spring.


680


Dewey.


691


Galena


693


Hanna


709


Hudson.


714


Kankakee.


725


Lincoln and Johnson ..


742


THE PRESS ..


898


ILLUSTRATIONS.


Scene on the Ohio River. 25


Trapping 169


Hieroglyphics of the Mound Builders


29


Pontiac .. 183


LaSalle Landing at the Month of the


The Shawnee Prophet .. 195


43 Lincoln Monument at Springfield. 204 St. Joseph's River.


Gen. George Rogers Clark 53


Opening an Indiana Forest ... 235


Gen. Arthur St. Clair


89


View on the Wabash River 247


Tecumseh ..


109


Surrender of Indians to Wilkinson 289


Indians Attacking Frontiersmen 123


A Western Lake Shore Residence. 321


A Pioneer Dwelling. 139


A Pottawatomie Indian.


427


Hunting Prairie Wolves


153


Lilley, A. P. 881


Brand, L. D. .


871


Low, Daniel. 685


Buck, Dexter A.


631


Mclellan, Andrew 845


Burner, J. O.


675-


Teegarden, A. Frontispiece.


Davis, Samuel S


793


Travis, Wm. W 891


Downing, Samuel.


735 Willson, Jeremiah 605


Pleasant 825


Scipio 837


Springfield. 859


Union ..


864


Wills.


884


Biography of Hon. Wm. H. Calkins 897


CHAPTER XVIII.


PORTRAITS.


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-


HISTORY OF INDIANA:


FORMER OCCUPANTS.


PREIIISTORIC RACES.


Scientists have ascribed to the Mound Builders varied origins, and though their divergence of opinion may fer a time seem incom- patible with a thorough investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever can exist as to the compar- ative accuracy of conclusions arrived at by some of them. Like the vexed question of the Pillar Towers of Ireland, it has caused much speculation, and elicited the opinions of so many learned antiquarians, ethnologists and travelers, that it will not be found beyond the range of possibility to make deductions that may suffice to solve the problem who were the prehistoric settlers of America. To achieve this it will not be necessary to go beyond the period over which Scripture history extends, or to indulge in those airy flights of imagination so sadly identified with occasional writers of even the Christian school, and all the accepted literary exponents of modern paganism.


That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation, instituted under the auspices of modern civilization, confirms the fact and leaves no channel open through which the skeptic can escape the thorough refutation of his opinions. China, with its numerous living testi- monials of antiquity, with its ancient, though limited literature and its Babelish superstitions, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times; but although its continuity may be denied with every just reason, there is nothing to prevent the transmission of a hieroglyphic record of its history prior to 1656 anno mundi, since many traces of its early settlement survived the Deluge, and became sacred objects of the first historical epoch. This very sur- vival of a record, such as that of which the Chinese boast, is not at variance with the designs of a God who made and ruled the universe; but that an antediluvian people inhabited this continent,


18


HISTORY OF INDIANA.


will not be claimed; because it is not probable, though it may be possible, that a settlement in a land which may be considered a portion of the Asiatic continent, was effected by the immediate' followers of the first progenitors of the human race. Therefore, on entering the study of the ancient people who raised these tumu- lus monuments over large tracts of the country, it will be just sufficient to wander back to that time when the flood-gates of heaven were swung open to hurl destruction on a wicked world; and in doing so the inquiry must be based on legendary, or rather upon many circumstantial evidences; for, so far as written narra- tive extends, there is nothing to show that a movement of people too far east resulted in a Western settlement.


THE FIRST IMMIGRATION.


The first and most probable sources in which the origin of the Builders must be sought, are those countries lying along the east- ern coast of Asia, which doubtless at that time stretched far beyond its present limits, and presented a continuous shore from Lopatka to Point Cambodia, holding a population comparatively civilized, and all professing some elementary form of the Boodliism of later days. Those peoples, like the Chinese of the present, were bound to live at home, and probably observed that law until after the con- fusion of languages and the dispersion of the builders of Babel in 1757, A. M .; but subsequently, within the following century, the old Mongolians, like the new, crossed the great ocean in the very pathis taken by the present representatives of the race, arrived on the same shores, which now extend a very questionable hospitality to them, and entered at once upon the colonization of the country south and east, while the Caucasian race engaged in a similar move- ment of exploration and colonization over what may be justly termed the western extension of Asia, and both peoples growing stalwart under the change, attained a moral and physical eminence to which they never could lay claim under the tropical sun which shed its beams upon the cradle of the human race.


That mysterious people who, like the Brahmins of to-day, wor- shiped some transitory deity, and in after years, evidently embraced the idealization of Boodhism, as preached in Mongolia early in the 35th century of the world, together with acquiring the learning of the Confucian and Pythagorean schools of the same period, spread all over the land, and in their numerous settlements erected these raths, or inounds, and sacrificial altars whereon they received their


19


HISTORY OF INDIANA.


periodical visiting gods, surrendered their bodies to natural absorp- tion or annihilation, and watched for the return of some transmi- · grated soul, the while adoring the universe, which with all beings they believed would be eternally existent. They possessed religious orders corresponding in external show at least with the Essenes or Theraputæ of the pre-Christian and Christian epochs, and to the reformed Theraputæ or monks of the present. Every memento of their coming and their stay which has descended to us is an evi- dence of their civilized condition. The free copper found within the tnmuli; the open veins of the Superior and Iron Mountain copper-mines, with all the modus operandi of ancient mining, such as ladders, levers, chisels, and hammer-heads, discovered by the French explorers of the Northwest and the Mississippi, are conclu- sive proofs that those prehistoric people were highly civilized, and that many flourishing colonies were spread throughout the Missis- sippi valley, while yet the mammoth, the mastodon, and a hundred other animals, now only known by their gigantic fossil remains, guarded the eastern shore of the continent as it were against sup- posed invasions of the Tower Builders who went west from Babel; while yet the beautiful isles of the Antilles formed an integral portion of this continent, long years before the European Northman dreamed of setting forth to the discovery of Greenland and the northern isles, and certainly at a time when all that portion of America north of latitude 45° was an ice-incumbered waste.


Within the last few years great advances have been made toward the discovery of antiquities whether pertaining to remains of organic or inorganic nature. Together with many small, but telling relics of the early inhabitants of the country, the fossils of pre- historic animals have been unearthed from end to end of the land, and in districts, too, long pronounced by geologists of some repute to be withont even a vestige of vertebrate fossils. Among the collected souvenirs of an age about which so very little is known, are twenty-five vertebræ averaging thirteen inches in diameter, and three vertebræ ossified together measure nine cubical feet; a thigh-bone five feet long by twenty-eight, by twelve inches in diameter, and the shaft fourteen by eight inches thick, the entire lot weighing 600 lbs. These fossils are presumed to belong to the cretaceous period, when the Dinosaur roamed over the country from East to West, desolating the villages of the people. This animal is said to have been sixty feet long, and when feeding in cypress and palın forests, to extend himself eighty-five feet, so that he may


20


HISTORY OF INDIANA.


devour the budding tops of those great trees. Other efforts in this direction may lead to great results, and culininate probably in the discovery of a tablet engraven by some learned Mound Builder, describing in the ancient hieroglyphics of China all these men and beasts whose history excites so much speculation. The identity of the Mound Builders with the Mongolians might lead us to hope for such a consummation; nor is it beyond the range of probability, particularly in this practical age, to find the future labors of some industrious antiquarian requited by the upheaval of a tablet, written in the Tartar characters of 1700 years ago, bearing on a subject which can now be treated only on a purely circumstantial basis.


THE SECOND IMMIGRATION


may have begun a few centuries prior to the Christian era, and unlike the former expedition or expeditions, to have traversed north- castern Asia to its Arctic confines, and then east to the narrow channel now known as Behring's Straits, which they crossed, and sailing up the unchanging Yukon, settled under the shadow of Mount St. Elias for many years, and pushing South commingled with their countrymen, soon acquiring the characteristics of the descendants of the first colonists. Chinese chronicles tell of such a people, who went Northi and were never heard of more. Circum- stances conspire to render that particular colony the carriers of a new religious faith and of an alphabetic system of a representative character to the old colonists, and they, doubtless, exercised a most beneficial influence in other respects ; because the influx of immi- grants of such culture as were the Chinese, even of that remote period, must necessarily bear very favorable results, not only in bringing in reports of their travels, but also accounts from the fatherland bearing on the latest events.


With the idea of a second and important exodus there are many theorists united, one of whom says: "It is now the generally received opinion that the first inhabitants of America passed over from Asia through these straits. The number of small islands lying between both continents renders this opinion still more probable; and it is yet farther confirmed by some remarkable traces of similarity in the physical conformation of the northern natives of both continents. The Esquimaux of North America, the Samoieds of Asia, and the Laplanders of Europe, are supposed to be of the same family; and this supposition is strengthened by the affinity which exists in their languages. The researches of Hum-


21


HISTORY OF INDIANA.


boldt have traced the Mexicans to the vicinity of Behring's Straits; whence it is conjectured that they, as well as the Peruvians and other tribes, came originally from Asia, and were the Hiongnoos, who are, in the Chinese annals, said to have emigrated under Puno, and to have been lost in the North of Siberia."


Since this theory is accepted by most antiquaries, there is every reason to believe that from the discovery of what may be called an overland route to what was then considered an eastern extension of that country which is now known as the " Celestial Empire," many caravans of emigrants passed to their new homes in the land of illimitable possibilities until the way became a well-marked trail over which the Asiatic might travel forward, and having once entered the Elysian fields never entertained an idea of returning. Thus from generation to generation the tide of immigration poured in until the slopes of the Pacific and the banks of the great inland ' rivers became hives of busy industry. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of the tribal leaders and populous settlements centered with happy villages sprung up everywhere in manifestation of the power and wealth and knowl- edge of the people. The colonizing Caucasian of the historic period walked over this great country on the very ruins of a civil- ization which a thousand years before eclipsed all that of which he could boast. He walked through the wilderness of the West over buried treasures hidden under the accumulated growth of nature, nor rested until he saw, with great surprise, the remains of ancient pyramids and temples and cities, larger and evidently more beauti- ful than ancient Egypt could bring forth after its long years of uninterrupted history. The pyramids resemble those of Egypt in exterior form, and in some instances are of larger dimensions. The pyramid of Cholula is square, having each side of its base 1,335 feet in length, and its height about 172 feet. Another pyramid, situated in the north of Vera Cruz, is formed of large blocks of highly-polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hiero- glyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture .. Eich side of its square base is 82 feet in length, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, which is 65 feet in height. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a mountain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the river Gila, are spread over more than a square league. Their literature consisted of hieroglyphics; but their arithmetical knowledge did not extend farther than their calculations by the aid of grains of corn. Yet,




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