USA > Indiana > LaPorte County > History of La Porte County, Indiana > Part 28
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Maryland-Was named after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. of England. It has a Latin motto, Crescite et multiplica- mini, meaning "Increase and Multiply." It was settled in 1634, and was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 11,- 124 square miles. Population in 1860 was 687,049; in 1870, 780,- 806. This State furnished 46,053 soldiers. Capital, Annapolis. Has 6 Representatives, and 8 Presidential electors. J. H. Carroll, Democrat, Governor; salary, $4,500; term, 4 years.
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Massachusetts-Is the Indian for "The country around the great hills." It is called the " Bay State," from its numerous bays. Its motto is Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem, " By the sword she seeks placid rest in liberty." It was settled in 1620 at Plymouth by English Puritans. It was one of the original thirteen States, and was the first to take up arms against the English during the Revolution. Area 7,800 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,231,- 066; in 1870, 1,457,351. She gave to the Union army 146,467 sol- diers. Boston is the capital. Has 11 Representatives in Con- gress, and 13 Presidential electors. Thomas Talbot, Republican, is Governor; salary, $5,000; term, 1 year.
Michigan-Latin motto, Tuebor, and Si quæris peninsulan amænam circumspice, "I will defend "-" If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you." The name is a contraction of two Indian words meaning "Great Lake." It was early explored by Jesuit missionaries, and in 1837 was admitted into the Union. It is known as the " Wolverine State." It contains 56,243 square miles. In 1860 it had a population of 749,173; in 1870, 1,184,059. She furnished 88,111 soldiers. Capital, Lansing. Has 9 Repre- sentatives and 11 Presidential electors. C. M. Croswell is Gov- ernor; politics, Republican; salary, $1,000; term, 2 years.
Minnesota-Is an Indian name, meaning " Cloudy Water." It has a French motto, L'Etoile du Nord-" The Star of the North." It was visited in 1680 by La Salle, settled in 1846, and admitted into the Union in 1858. It contains 83,531 square miles. In 1860 had a population of 172,023; in 1870, 439,511. She gave to the Union army 24;002 soldiers. St. Paul is the capital. Has 3 mem- bers in Congress, 5 Presidential electors. Governor, J. S. Pills- bury, Republican; salary, $3,000; term, 2 years.
Mississippi-Is an Indian name, meaning "Long River," and the State is named from the " Father of Waters." The State was first explored by De Sota in 1541; settled by the French at Natchez in 1716, and was admitted into the Union in 1817. It has an area of 47,156 square miles. Population in 1860, 791,305; in 1870, 827,- 922. She gave to suppress the Rebellion 545 soldiers. Jackson is the capital. Has 6 representatives in Congress, and 8 Presidential electors. J. M. Stone is Governor, Democrat; salary, $4,000; term, 4 years.
Missouri-Is derived from the Indian word "muddy," which
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more properly applies to the river that flows through it. Its motto is Salus populi suprema lex esto, " Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law." The State was first settled by the French near Jefferson City in 1719, and in 1821 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 67,380 square miles, equal to 43,123,200 acres. It had a population in 1860 of 1,182,012; in 1870, 1,721,- 000. She gave to defend the Union 108,162 soldiers. Capital, Jefferson City. Its inhabitants are known by the offensive cogno- men of "Pukes." Has 13 representatives in Congress, and 15 Presidential electors. J. S. Phelps is Governor; politics, Demo- cratic; salary, $5,000; term, 4 years.
Nebraska-Has for its motto, "Equality before the law." Its name is derived from one of its rivers, meaning " broad and shal- low, or low." It was admitted into the Union in 1867. Its capital is Lincoln. It had a population in 1860 of 28,841, and in 1870, 123,993, and in 1875, 246,280. It has an area of 75,995 square miles. She furnished to defend the Union 3,157 soldiers. Has but 1 Representative and 3 Presidential electors. A. Nance, Repub- lican, is Governor; salary, $2,500; term, 2 years.
Nevada-" The Snowy Land" derived its name from the Span- ish. Its motto is Latin, Volens et potens, and means "willing and able." It was settled in 1850, and admitted into the Union in 1864. Capital, Carson City. Its population in 1860 was 6,857; in 1870 it was 42,491. It has an area of 112,090 square miles. She furnished 1,080 soldiers to suppress the Rebellion. Has 1 Rep- resentative and 3 Electors. Governor, J. H. Kinkhead, Republican; salary, $6,000; term, 4 years.
New Hampshire-Was first settled at Dover by the English in 1623. Was one of the original States. Has no motto. It is named from Hampshire county in England. It also bears the name of "The Old Granite State." It has an area of 9,280 miles, which equals 9,239,200 acres. It had a population in 1860 of 326,- 073, and in 1870 of 318,300. She increased the Union army with 33,913 soldiers. Concord is the capital. Has 3 Representatives and 5 Presidential electors. N. Head, Republican, Governor; salary, $1,000; term, 1 year.
New Jersey-Was named in honor of the Island of Jersey in the British channel. Its motto is " Liberty and Independence." It was first settled at Bergen by the Swedes in 1624. It is one of the orig-
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inal thirteen States. It has an area of 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,- 800 acres. Population in 1860 was 672,035; in 1870 it was 906,096. She put into the Federal army 75,315 soldiers. Capital, Trenton. Has 7 Representatives and 9 Presidential electors. Governor, George B. McClelland, Democrat; salary, $5,000; term, 3 years.
New York .- The " Empire State" was namned by the Duke of York, afterward King James II. of England. It has a Latin motto, Excelsior, which means "Still Higher." It was first settled by the Dutch in 1614 at Manhattan. It has an area of 47,000 square miles, or 30,080,000 acres. The population in 1860 was 3,880,735; in 1870 it was 4,332,759. It is one of the original thirteen States. Capital is Albany. It gave to defend our Government 445,959 men. Has 33 members in Congress, and 35 Presidential electors. Governor, L. Robinson, Democrat; salary, $10,000; term, 3 years.
North Carolina-Was named after Charles IX., King of France. It is called " The Old North," or "The Turpentine State." It was first visited in 1524 by a Florentine navigator, sent out by Francis I., King of France. It was settled at Albemarle in 1663. It was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 50,704 square miles, equal to 32,450,560 acres. It had in 1860 a population of 992,622, and in 1870, 1,071,361. Raleigh is the capital. She furnished 3,156 soldiers to put down the Rebellion. Has 8 mem- bers in Congress, and is entitled to 10 Presidential electors. Z. B .. Vance, Democrat, is Governor; salary, $5,000; term, 4 years.
Ohio-Took its name from the river on its Southern boundary, and means " Beautiful." Its motto is Imperium in Imperio- " An Empire in an Empire." It was first permanently settled in 1788 at Marietta by New Englanders. It was admitted as a State in 1803. Its capital is Columbus. It contains 39,964 square miles, or 25,576, 960 acres. Population in 1860, 2,339,511; in 1870 it had 2.665,260. She sent to the front during the Rebellion 310,- 654 soldiers. Has 20 Representatives, and 22 Presidential electors. Governor, R. M. Bishop, Democrat; salary, $4,000; term, 2 years.
Oregon-Owes its Indian name to its principal river. Its motto is Alis volat propriis-" She flies with her own wings." It was first visited by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. It was set- tled by the English in 1813, and admitted into the Union in 1859. Its capital is Salem. It has an area of 95,274 square miles, equal to 60,975,360 acres. It had in 1860 à population of 52,465; in
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1870, 90,922. She furnished 1,810 soldiers. She is entitled to 1 member in Congress, and 3 Presidential electors. W. W. Thayer, Republican, is Governor; salary, $1,500; term, 4 years.
Pennsylvania .- This is the "Keystone State," and means "Penn's Woods," and was so called after William Penn, its original owner. Its motto is, " Virtue, liberty and independence." A colony was established by Penn in 1682. The State was one of the original thirteen. It has an area of 46,000 square miles, equaling 29,440,- 000 acres. It had in 1860 a population of 2,906,215; and in 1870, 3,515,993. She gave to suppress the Rebellion, 338,155. Harris- burg is the capital. Has 27 Representatives and 29 electors. H. M. Hoyt, is Governor; salary, $10,000; politics, Republican; term of office, 3 years.
Rhode Island .- This, the smallest of the States, owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble. Its motto is "Hope," and it is familiarly called, " Little Rhody." It was settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 1,306 square miles, or 835,840 acres. Its population in 1860 numbered 174,620; in 1870, 217,356. She gave to defend the Union, 23,248. Its capitals are Providence and Newport. Has 2 Representatives, and 4 Presidential electors. C. Vanzandt is Governor; politics, Republican; salary, $1,000; term, 1 year.
South Carolina .- The Palmetto State wears the Latin name of Charles IX., of France (Carolus). Its motto is Latin, Animis opibusque parati, " Ready in will and deed." The first permanent settlement was made at Port Royal in 1670, where the French Huguenots had failed three-quarters of a century before to found a settlement. It is one of the original thirteen States. Its capital is Columbia. It has an area of 29,385 square miles, or 18,806,400 acres, with a population in 1860 of 703,708; in 1870, 728,000. Has 5 Representatives in Congress, and is entitled to 7 Presidential electors. Salary of Governor, $3,500; term, 2 years.
Tennessee-Is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e. the Mississippi, which forms its western boundary. She is called "The Big Bend State." Her motto is, " Agriculture, Commerce." It was settled in 1757, and admitted into the Union in 1796, mak- ing the sixteenth State, or the third admitted after the Revolution- ary War-Vermont being the first, and Kentucky the second. It
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has an area of 45,600 square miles, or 29,184,000 acres. In 1860 its population numbered 1,109,801, and in 1870, 1,257,983. She furnished 31,092 soldiers to suppress the Rebellion. Nashville is the capital. Has 10 Representatives, and 12 Presidential electors. Governor, A. S. Marks, Democrat; salary, $4,000; term, 2 years.
Texas-Is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was known before it was ceded to the United States. Itis known as "The Lone Star State." The first set- tlement was made by LaSalle in 1685. After the independence of Mexico in 1822, it remained a Mexican Province until 1836, when it gained its independence, and in 1845 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 237,504 square miles, equal to 152,002,- 560 acres. Its population in 1860 was 604,215; in 1870, 818,579. She gave to put down the Rebelion 1,965 soldiers. Capital, Austin. Has 6 Representatives, and 8 Presidential electors. Governor, O. M. Roberts, Democrat; salary, $5,000; term, 2 years.
Vermont-Bears the French name of her mountains Verde Mont, "Green Mountains." Its motto is " Freedom and Unity." It was settled in 1731, and admitted into the Union in 1791. Area 10,212 square miles. Population in 1860, 315,098; in 1870, 330,551. She gave to defend the Government, 33,272 soldiers. Capital, Mont- pelier. Has 3 Representatives, and 5 electors. Governor, H. Fair- banks, Republican; term, 2 years; salary, $1,000.
Virginia .- The Old Dominion, as this State is called, is the oldest of the States. It was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region. Its motto is Sic semper tyrannis, "So always with tyrants." It was first settled at James- town, in 1607, by the English, being the first settlement in the United States. It is one of original thirteen States, and had before its division in 1862, 61,352 square miles, but at present contains but 38,352 square miles, equal to 24,545,280 acres. The population in 1860 amounted to 1,596,318, and in 1870 it was 1,224,830. Rich- mond is the capital. Has 9 Representatives, and 11 electors. Gov- ernor, F. W. M. Halliday, Democrat; salary, $5,500; term, 4 years.
West Virginia .- Motto, Montani semper liberi, " Mountaineers are always free." This is the only State ever formed, under the Constitution, by the division of an organized State. This was done in 1862, and in 1863 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of
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23,000 square miles, or 14,720,000 acres. The population in 1860 was 376,000; in 1870 it numbered 445,616. She furnished 32,003. Capital, Wheeling. Has 3 Representatives in Congress, and is entitled to 5 Presidential electors. The Governor is H. M. Mathews, Democrat; term, 4 years; salary, $2,700.
Wisconsin-Is an Indian name, and means "Wild-rushing channel." Its motto, Civitatus successit barbarum, "The civilized man succeeds the barbarous." It is called "The Badger State." The State was visited by the French explorers in 1665, and a settle- ment was made in 1669 at Green Bay. It was admitted into the Union in 1848. It has an area of 52,924 square miles, equal to 34,511,360 acres. In 1860 its population numbered 775,881; in 1870, 1,055,167. Madison is the capital. She furnished for the Union army 91,021 soldiers. Has 8 members in Congress, and is entitled to 10 Presidential electors. The Governor is W. E. Smith; politics, Republican; salary, $5,000; term, 2 years.
MERCH IT TAILOR
OYSTE
LA PORTE COUNTY COURT-HOUSE
HISTORY OF LA PORTE COUNTY
INTRODUCTION.
History is one of the most important, effective and necessary elements of human power and wisdom. It is by the past that we have any intimation as to what the future will be; it is the only way, ordinarily, that men can prognostieate the future at all. Besides, all the advancements, improvements and discoveries which have been made by men in all their history are hid away in the dark chambers of the past; and the only way in which they can be made available for the present living raee, or for future generations, is that they shall be set down in the archives of written history, and be thus preserved for consultation and use, or else transmitted from father to son in a traditionary way. The frailties of human memory, and the proneness of the human mind to mingle and intermingle things consistent and inconsistent, things homogeneous and dissimilar, things congruous and incongruous, things synchro- nous and far separated in time, render the traditional a very inseeure means to transmit these needed things; and hence, from the most remote times, all nations and peoples, from the time they could wield a chisel or use a papyrus, have fixed in the solid rock or placed upon the transmissible page the discoveries, improvements and advancements of each successive generation.
History writing, as all other human employments, is susceptible of improvement. In the ancient days when the writer of history fastened with his chisel upon the rough stone page in rude hieroglyphic characters his historie events; and later, when these events with laborious patience were fixed by the diligent scribe upon the roll of parchment, and which were laid away in the archives of the nation only, these records contained the exploits and remarkable things which were done by the most powerful. kings, or the intrigues of his most successful courtiers. This part of the history of the world contains most vivid descriptions of the marches and countermarches of the leading heroes of the times in which they lived,-scenes of desolation and blood; the sanguinary battle field-its disaster on the one side, and its triumph on the other-the siege of beleaguered cities-cities surrounded with high
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and embattled walls-in which is brought to view the determina- tion of the one side to succeed, and the infuriated resistance of the other in repelling every assault, the enginery of war, the battering ram, the catapult, the hand weaponry,-the long delays in which the besiegers were baffled and finally foiled and made to break up their camp and hasten away, together with the evidences of hurry and anxious regard for safety that were gathered up along the line of their retreat,-the rending of ponderous walls, the slaughter of thousands of its defenders, the glare of flickering torch and the smoke and flame of the consuming fire,-the huddling together of those whom over-exertion had rendered strengthless and npon whom "lipless famine " had written its emaciated lines of suffering-men, women and children,-the wild sweep of infuriated soldiers as they tread beneath their feet that which had so long resisted them and had now yielded to their victorious prowess,-the falling of these savage soldiers upon the huddles of helpless men, women and children, and the slaughter that followed or the binding upon them the galling chains of a bondage which was far worse than any death that could be inflicted upon them,-all these things, and more of the same kind, are brought to view in the historic records of these ancient days. The slaughter of the individual, the desolation of the home, or the destruction and overthrow of the nation were the chief themes of the historian of this period. But trne history contains more than events like these. It enters into the ways of peaceful success and snatches from the grasp of oblivion the glorious triumphs of peace as well as the victories of relentless and destructive war. The men of to day are, and the future generations will be, more interested in the former triumphs than in the latter victories. Hence the history that meets the demands that are likely to be made upon it must enter every field and take excursions through every avenue of human society, and note the effect and progress of every power and influence which changes the condition of humanity, either for weal or woe.
These recognized powers and agencies are many. While the ancients, and even those of more modern times, gave their chief attention to the military power and its influence in determining the then present status of men and what the future condition of them should be, the modern historian must give his attention to, and he must study well, all the various forces that are contributing in these his days to make mankind what they are, and hence to successfully indicate, partially at least, what they shall be in the coming develop- ments of the race. A few of these forces, agencies, and conditions will bear an enumeration. And foremost among them will be found those influences that find their scope and effective working power in the social relations and conditions of men. There is that in every human heart which desires, and is only satisfied with, com- munication and intercommunication with other hearts. In the complement of these desires will be found all those associations,
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organizations and orders among men in which there is intercom- munity,-these differing only in the special desire which they seek to subserve; and as these organizations have sprung up at the behest of an inherent desire of the heart, they must have a poten- tial influence in making up the history of men, and the historian who fills his mission must take commensurate notice of them; and this notice must be synchronous, that is, these influences must be looked at at the same time, the same as they had their influence on society at the same time, for they were all in operation at once, in order that the proper and relative bearing of each may be deter- mined, with some degree of accuracy, in the production and consum- mation of results. Among these may be mentioned the churches and those orders and societies in which a brotherhood, or sister- hood, is found, and which have had so much to do in molding and shaping the affairs of society. The next in importance, perhaps, is the commercial influence; and this will embrace all those agencies that are used in the advancement and accomplishment of business, which will include those things that furnish the commercial com- modities; the means by which these commercial commodities are supplied where they are needed, the places where they are kept for commercial supply, and those agencies by which commercial obli- gations are enforced. All of these things have a very great deal to do in determining the condition of any society or community, and hence in shaping the course of events; and the true historian must take due cognizance of then.
There is yet another very important and potential influence that must be called up out of so many that might be mentioned. While there is a very strong desire in the human heart for association, and the pleasures that come from association, there is yet another desire that is perhaps as strong as that, and that is the desire to know,-the desire for knowledge. And under the impetus of this desire, there are agencies at work molding and shaping the very destinies of mnen. I refer to the Schools and Colleges; to the Rostrum; to the Stage; to the Pulpit; to the Press; and to all other agencies and influences by which knowledge and instruction are imparted. The actions of men spring at the behest of principle; and as these principles must first be learned and then fastened upon the memory in the great motory arcana of the heart, so the instru- mentality by which this is done becomes a potential instrument in making up the history of men ;- as these principles are changed and supplanted by other principles, the whole course of events will be changed also in exact correspondence with the change of prin- ciple. The historian, therefore, who would properly index the future, must possess the industry and ability by which he shall become informed of the power and influence, though subtle and somewhat imponderable, of these forces.
These, and many other influences and agencies not mentioned, are uniting to shape the destinies of the world. The improvement in modern history over that of the ancient, and the improvement
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that will mark the coming history over the present, is the fuller and more complete appreciation of these agencies and influences, which will crop out in the more prominent place given them in narrating the constant flow of events.
One reason, no doubt, why the former histories have been so largely given in showing the influence which the military power has had in shaping the events of the world is the extreme difficulty in focalizing these events so that they could be comprehended. The army is an aggregation of men, perhaps of all the serviceable men of a nation, focalized so as to become a unit; and this unit could be followed without any great difficulty and its operations as a unit set down; but when it comes to taking into the account all the ramifications of human activity, and very much of it individ- ual activity, the extreme difficulty of the undertaking becomes doubly apparent; and it is no wonder that the ancient historian with his imperfect means of preparation, assumed the easier task and followed the course of events as marked ont by the united national agency as found in the armies of the nations, thinking thereby to fill the full measure of his responsibility as narrator of events. But it is easy to be seen that he gave only a part of those things which truly make the history of any people. The modern historian must do better,-he must take into the account all the influ- ences that in any way determine the activities of men and hold up to the view the results of these influences, not as they are seen in the nation as it is represented in the army, but as they are seen in every nook and corner, and under every circumstance.
This is an onerous work, and its magnitude must be apparent to every one. Some will say, " It cannot be done." The only diffi- culty in the way of its successful accomplishment is to focalize the events so that they may be brought within the range of the histo- rian's vision. This may be done, perhaps, in one of two ways: 1st. By producing a race of historians with powers so broad, high and deep that they may fully comprehend the relations and bearings of influences and events, though they are in the conglomerate mass in which they have been found in the ages past. But these are geniuses, and geniuses are not produced-they are not made-but they just come, and their coming is not according to any known human process or law. Hence they cannot be depended upon to do this work. 2d. By such analyzing and systematizing, by such fullness and completeness thus analyzed and systematized, that the ordinary intellect ean comprehend it, and thus set it forth. It is in this way that the full purposes of history is to be supplied to the succeeding generations, and all the advantages which it is capa- ble of supplying accrue to the world.
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