USA > Indiana > A history of Indiana from its exploration to 1850 > Part 41
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The decisive defeat of the Whigs in 1849 left little life in the party. With only one congressman out of ten, with no senator, with no control in the State government, the political outlook was indeed gloomy for the party in Indi-
69 Daily Journal, June 8, June 11, 1849.
70 The results of the election were: Wright, 76,897; Matson, 66,854; Cravens, 2,978. The Whigs lost all the congressmen but one, E. M. Mc- Gaughey, a Whig, defeating Grafton Cookerly in the Seventh. Tri- weekly Journal, Aug. 17, Aug. 24, Aug. 29, 1849.
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POLITICS FROM 1840 TO 1852
ana. It was unable to take any aggressive steps on any question. The constitutional convention and education en- grossed public attention in the State from 1850 till the close of the convention in 1851. By championing both these measures the Democrats were able to strengthen their po- litical hold on the State. In 1850 they elected a safe ma- jority of the assemblymen; in 1851 they elected two-thirds of the assemblymen, and a like proportion of delegates to the constitutional convention. In the latter year, however, the Whigs succeeded in electing two congressmen, Samuel W. Parker in the Fourth, and Samuel Brenton in the Tenth District. The combined Democratic majority in the ten districts, however, was 9,469.71
Success to the Democrats was attended with grave dan- ger to the party. The assistance and co-operation of the Free Soilers had been courted ever since 1844. The latter came to feel that they had contributed essentially to the success of the party, and they therefore began boldly to demand a hearing in its councils. The smouldering coals of Free Soilism began to blaze up smartly. There was only need of a little gust of passion to start an uncontrollable fire. The gust was not to come till 1854, but in the mean- time it required all the political acumen and forbearance in the party to keep the flame down.
The politicians and perhaps a majority of the rank and file of the old parties welcomed the compromise measures of 1850. The slavery agitation had reached the pitch where it was causing uneasiness to thoughtful men. So willingly did the leaders abandon the question that there appeared to the Abolitionists to be an agreement among them to eliminate it.
The election of 1852 was the first under the new con- stitution. For the third time in the State history a guber- natorial and presidential campaign had fallen on the same year.72 Never before had there been so many candidates in the field at once.
71 Indiana Journal, Aug. 30, 1851.
72 Monroe and Jennings were elected in 1816, but the presidential electors were chosen in the legislature.
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HISTORY OF INDIANA
The Democratic State convention met in Masonic Hall, Indianapolis, February 24, 1852. The party was in good spirits, but there was no excess of enthusiasm. Governor Wright had made many enemies in his own party and many friends in the Whig party by fearlessly opposing the free banks and the liquor interests. No one appeared to con- test the nomination with him. For lieutenant governor, Ashbel P. Williard, an eloquent young lawyer of New Al- bany, was chosen. Besides these there were now ten more State officials to be elected on the State ticket. After these had been selected, the convention endorsed the compromise measures of the recent Congress. This was not done with- out serious protest, voiced by such papers as the Lafayette Courier, the Indianapolis Stateman, the Goshen Democrat, and others of the Free Soil persuasion.
The convention emphasized sharply the cleavage be- tween the two wings of the party. The northern part of the State, where Free Soilism was strong, was not repre- sented on the ticket.
The Whig State convention assembled at Indianapolis, February 26, 1852. As usual there was plenty of speech- making, but not very much real enthusiasm. There was no avowed candidate, and Nicholas McCarty, a prominent merchant of Indianapolis, was placed at the head of the ticket. William Williams of Warsaw took second place. After filling up the rest of the ticket, principally with men from the northern part of the State, a featureless platform was adopted. In its general attitude the party stood for about the same policy as the Democratic. As popular cam- paigners the Whigs were hopelessly outclassed. Had the Whigs nominated George G. Dunn, R. W. Thompson, or some man of that class, they might have won. On the hustings Joseph A. Wright has had few equals in the State.
The Free Soilers held their State convention at Indian- apolis, May 17. Each township in the State was requested to send a delegate. The party was composed of Abolition- ists, Wilmot Proviso Democrats, Van Burenites, and Anti- Fugitive-Slaw-Law Whigs. A. L. Robinson of Vanderburg
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POLITICS FROM 1840 TO 1852
county and J. P. Milliken of Dearborn were the candidates. The new party was bitterly opposed by both old parties, the Democrats having changed their attitude toward it de- cidedly since 1848.
The national candidates added no zest to the campaign in the State. Scott failed to elicit any enthusiasm, while Pierce, like Polk in 1844, was an unknown person. The leading Whig papers of Indiana had in a forlorn way sup- ported Scott for the last year, but not in the way they had formerly supported Clay and Harrison.
The State campaign lacked all the spectacular elements of 1840, and the earnestness of 1832 or 1844. It was en- tirely machine made. The Free Soilers were not allowed a hearing, and there was no issue between the other parties sufficient to arouse any passion. The usual number of cam- paign speeches, rallies, and barbecues were held. The State election came off October 12. As the results trickled in slowly it became manifest that the Whig Party had met disaster. Only one congressman out of eleven, Samuel Par- ker of the Fifth, had been elected. Wright had defeated McCarty by 18,935 majority, while the third party had polled only 3,303 votes. The returns from the presidential polls were equally discouraging to the Whigs. Pierce had received 95,299 votes, Scott 80,901 and Hale, on the Free Soil ticket, 6,934. The Whigs carried twenty-one counties. They were almost careless of the results and received the reports calmly. They had supported the party, not through belief in its platform or its candidate, but rather through a spirit of opposition to the Democratic Party. The Demo- crats were not elated by their success. The bitter dissen- tions which had been hushed with difficulty during the campaign at once broke out.
The campaign was the last in which either the Whig or Free Soil Party entered actively. The Whig Party went to its grave with very few mourners, and they professional. The Free Soilers joined with the liberated Whigs and dis- affected Democrats to form a new party. The old order was dead, the new order had begun. Like the morning sun-
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HISTORY OF INDIANA
shine after a night of storm the State appeared after the campaign of 1852. With a new constitution, with new party affiliations unshackled by professional politicians, with new institutions, and renewed courage, her citizens looked to the future full of hope and assurance.73
73 The facts of this campaign have been taken from the Indianapolis Journal and Sentinel, the Madison Courier and the Logansport Pharos.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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ALVORD, C. W., "Gibault and the Submission of Post Vincennes," Amer- ican Historical Review, XIV, 544.
ALVORD, C. W., Old Kaskaskia Records. Springfield, 1909. This contains many important papers relating to the early history of Vincennes. American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge. Thirty-three vols. Boston, 1830-1862. Statistical.
American Archives. This is a collection of papers from the old Con- federation Government and precede the Am. State Papers. It con- tains many valuable papers relating to Western and Indiana History.
American Historical Register, March, 1896, has an account of Lafay- ette's visit to the United States in 1824-25.
American State Papers, Documents Legislative and Executive. 38 vols. Washington, 1832-1861. These consist of papers selected from the archives at Washington, and printed by the government. They are made up largely of letters and petitions to the government officials. Documentary.
Annual Register. An English Magazine. Contemporary.
AVERY, E. M., History of the United States. Cleveland, 1904-10.
AUDUBON, MARIA A., Western Journal, Ed. by Frank H. Hodder. Cleve- land, 1906.
BAIRD, CAPT. L. C., "General Lafayette's Visit to Indiana," in Indiana Magazine of History, II, 195.
BAKER, GEORGE A., The St. Joseph-Kankakee Portage. South Bend, 1899. BALL, TIMOTHY H., The Lake of the Red Cedars, Thirty Years in Lake County. Crown Point, 1880.
Bankers' Magazine. New York, 1846, to
BANTA, D. D., "Early Schools of Indiana," in Indiana Magazine of His- tory. II, 41, 81.
BENSON, ELBERT J., The Wabash Trade Route in the Development of the Old Northwest, Johns Hopkins University Studies .. Baltimore. 1903.
BENTON, THOMAS H., Thirty Years' View 1820-1850. Taken from Con- gressional Debates and Private Papers of Senator Benton. New York, 1856.
492
HISTORY OF INDIANA
BISHOP, ROBERT H., An Outline History of the Presbyterian Church in Kentucky, containing the Memoirs of Rev. David Rice. Lexington, 1824.
BLANCHARD, RUFUS, The Discovery and Conquest of the Northwest. Chicago, 1880. This old book has never been so highly appreci- ated as it deserved.
BOLTON, NATHANIEL, Early History of Indianapolis and Central Indiana, Pub. of Ind. Hist. Society, I, No. 5.
BOONE, R. G., History of Education in Indiana.
BOYD, CARL EVANS, "The Clarksville Conventions, 1785, 1787." Documents printed in American Historical Review, II, 691.
Bouquet's Expedition Against the Ohio Indians. Cincinnati, 1868.
BRACKENRIDGE, H. M., History of the Late War Between the United States and Great Britain. Philadelphia, 1836.
BRICE, WALLACE, History of Fort Wayne. Fort Wayne, 1868.
BROWN, IGNATIUS, Indianapolis Directory, 1868-9. Indianapolis, 1868. The Introduction contains a valuable History of Indianapolis.
BURNET, JACOB, Notes on the Early Settlement of the Northwestern Territory. Cincinnati, 1847. Valuable.
BUTLER, MANN, History of Kentucky, Louisville, 1834.
BUTTERFIELD, CONSUL W., History of the Girtys. Cleveland, 1898. This is a scholarly work and the most reliable on the Indian Wars of the period.
CARTER, CLARENCE E., Great Britain and the Illinois Country. Washing- ton, 1910.
CATTERALL, RALPH. The Second Bank of the United States. Chicago, 1903.
Census Reports of the U. S. These are taken every decade and furnish the historian a vast amount of data.
Charter of the State Bank of Indiana and the By-Laws of the Di- rectors. Indianapolis, 1841.
CHASE, S. P. (ed.) Statutes of Ohio and the Northwestern Territory, 1833. The introduction contains much valuable History concern- ing the Northwest Territory.
Clark, George Rogers, Papers, edited by James A. James, 1912. These are the best source for the conquest of the Northwest.
CLARK, GRACE JULIAN, "George W. Julian, Some Impressions," in In- diana Magazine of History, II, 57.
CLARK, M. ST. CLAIR, and HALL, D. A., Legislative and Documentary His- tory of the Bank of the United States, including the Bank of North America. Washington, 1832.
CLELAND, P. S., A Quarter Century Discourse delivered at Greenwood, 1864. Indianapolis, 1865.
CLELAND, REV. THOMAS H., Memoirs of Thomas Cleland, D. D. Cincin- nati, 1859.
COCKRUM, COL. WILLIAM, Pioneer History of Indiana. Oakland City, Ind., 1907. An excellent book containing many documents of great value.
COFFIN, LEVI, Reminiscences. Cincinnati, 1880.
COLEMAN, C. B., "Some Religious Developments in Indiana," in Indiana Magazine of History, V, 57.
493
BIBLIOGRAPHY
COLEMAN, ROBERT E., "Simon Kenton," in Harper's Magazine, XXVIII, 289.
COMSTOCK, HOWARD PAYNE, "History of Canals in Indiana," in Indiana Magazine of History, VII, 1.
Congress, Annals of. 42 vols. Washington, 1834-1856.
Congressional Debates. 29 vols. Washington, 1825-1837.
Congressional Globe. 108 vols. Washington, 1834-1873.
CONANT, CHARLES A., A History of Modern Banks of Issue. Fourth Edition. New York, 1909. This has a chapter on State Banks. COOLEY, T. M., State Bank Issues in Michigan. In the publications of the Michigan Political Science Association. Ann Arbor.
COTTMAN, GEORGE S., "Internal Improvements in Indiana," in Indiana Magazine of History, III, 101, 117, 148.
COTTMAN, GEORGE S., "William H. Churchman and the School for the Blind," in Indiana Magazine of History, X, 77.
COTTMAN, GEORGE S., "The Wabash and Its Valley," in Indiana Magazine of History, I, 59, 123; "Early Commerce in Indiana," in IV, 1.
County Histories. For a list of these see Indiana Magazine of History,
VI, 43. They are extremely valuable for State History, but, of course, must be used with care.
Court Records. Use has been made of the records of the county courts at Vincennes and of the Supreme Court at Indianapolis. These records go back to 1790. No doubt additional information on the history of the state could have been had from other counties. Too little use is being made of this source of history.
Cox, SANFORD, Recollections of an Old Settler. Lafayette, 1860. A valuable memoir.
CRAIG, OSCAR J., Quiatanon, Ind. Hist. Soc. Publications II. No. 8. CROGHAN, GEORGE, Letters and Journals Relating to Tours into the Western Country, 1750-1765, in Early Western Travels, I, 53. CROSS, PERCY, Guerrilla Leaders of the World.
CULLEY, D. V., in Lawrenceburg Palladium, May 15, 1830, has a good account of the Lochry Massacre.
CUMING, FORTESQUE, Sketch of a Tour to the Western Country, 1807- 1809, in Early Western Travels, IV. 1.
CUTLER, MANASSEH, Life, Journal and Correspondence of, edited by W. P. and J. P. Cutler. Cincinnati, 1888.
DAWSON, MOSES, Life of Harrison. Cincinnati, 1834. This is the best biography of Harrison and contains much important documentary material. It was prepared under the direction of Harrison him- self.
De Bow's Review. A Southern and Western Business Directory, 1845- 1868. New Orleans.
DICKEY, JOHN M., Brief History of the Presbyterian Church in the State of Indiana, Madison, 1828. The author was the "father" of the church in Indiana.
DILLENBAUGH, FREDERICK S., Breaking the Wilderness. New York, 1905. A good general discussion of pioneering.
DILLON, JNO. B., History of Indiana to 1816, Indianapolis, 1859. The period from 1816 to 1859 is covered in twelve pages. It is scholarly and accurate. A short sighted legislature preventing him finishing his work and also from giving us a state library to be proud of.
494
HISTORY OF INDIANA
DILLON, JNO B., The National Decline of the Miami Indians, Ind. Hist. Soc. Publications, I, No. 4.
Documents Relating to the Colonial History of New York, State Publi- cations.
DODD, W. F., The Revision and Amendment of State Constitutions, Balti- more, 1910.
DONALDSON, THOMAS, The Public Domain, Washington. Documentary. DRAKE, SAMUEL G., Life of Tecumseh.
DUDEN, MARGARET, "Internal Improvements in Indiana, 1818-1846," in Indiana Magazine of History, V, 160.
DUNCAN, H. C., "Austin Seward" (a pioneer of Monroe county), in Indiana Magazine of History, IV, 103.
DUNN, J. P., JR.,, Indiana, A Redemption from Slavery. Boston, 1888. DUNN, JACOB P., JR., French Settlements on the Wabash, Ind. Hist. Soc. Publications, II, No. 11.
DUNN, JACOB P., JR., The Mission to the Wabash, Ind. Hist. Soc. Publi- cations, III, No. 4.
DUNN, JACOB P., JR., True Indian Stories. Indianapolis, 1908.
EDSON, HANFORD A., Contributions to the Early History of the Presby- terian Church in Indiana, Indianapolis, 1898. Accurate and full of details.
ENGLISH, WILLIAM H., The Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, Indianapolis, 1896. This is the fullest and best ac- count of Clark's Campaign.
ESAREY, LOGAN, Internal Improvements in Early Indiana, Ind. Hist. Soc. Publications, V, No. 2, 1912.
ESAREY, LOGAN, State Banking in Early Indiana, Indiana University Studies. Bloomington, 1912.
ESAREY, LOGAN, "Vincennes' First City Government," in Indiana Maga- zine of History, V, 1; documentary.
EVANS, MADISON, Biographical Sketches of the Pioneer Preachers of Indiana, Philadelphia, 1862. Contains a good sketch of the Northwestern Christian University.
Executive Journal of Indiana Territory, edited by W. W. Woollen, Daniel Waite Howe and J. P. Dunn, Jr., Ind. Hist. Soc. Publi- cations, II, No. 3.
FAUX, W., Journal of a Tour Through the United States, 1823. He crossed southern Indiana, visiting, especially, Vincennes, Prince- ton and New Harmony.
Fergus Historical Series. No. 34, contains the Papers of Philip de Rocheblave, who was captured at Kaskaskia. No. 35 contains the Record Book and Papers of John Todd.
FERRIS, DR. EZRA, The Early Settlement of the Miami Country, Ind. Hist. Soc. Publications, I, No. 9.
FINLEY, J. B., Life Among the Indians.
"Fletcher Papers," Early Indianapolis, in Indiana Magazine of History, II, 29, 73, 127, 187, also in Indianapolis News, 1879.
FLINT, JAMES, Letters from America, 1818-1820, in Early Western Travels, IX, I. Flint spent some weeks at Jeffersonville.
FORDHAM, ELIAS, PYM, Personal Narrative of Travels in Virginia and the West, edited by F. A. Ogg. Cleveland, 1905.
495
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GALLATIN, ALBERT, Writings. 3 vols. Philadelphia, 1879, vol. III, is of especial importance.
GARNETT, CHARLES HUNTER, State Banks of Issue in Illinois. University of Illinois, 1898.
Gazetteer of Indiana, 1833. Indianapolis. Small volume of statistical and descriptive information.
Gazetteer of Indiana, 1849, third edition. Indianapolis. Edited by E. M. Chamberlain.
Gentleman's Magazine. An English contemporary magazine.
GOODRICH AND TUTTLE, A History of the State of Indiana, 1875. Of slight value.
GOODWIN, FRANK P., "Rise of Manufactures in the Miami Country," in American Historical Review, XII, 761.
GRIFFITH, APPLETON PRENTISS CLARK, A Bibliography of the First and Second Banks of the United States, Washington, 1908.
GOUGE, WILLIAM M., Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States. Philadelphia, 1833. This is a good contemporary discussion of the principles and practice of banking.
HALL, BAYNARD R., The New Purchase. New York, 1843. 2 vols. A second edition was published in one volume at New Albany, 1855. This is a good literary picture of pioneer times in Indiana.
HALL, JAMES, Sketches of History, Life and Manners in the West, Cin- cinnati, 1834. 3 vols.
Haldiman Papers in the Canadian Archives at Ottawa. These contain the British Official Papers concerning the Revolutionary War in the West.
HARDING, WILLIAM F., "The State Bank of Indiana, 1834 to 1859"; in the Journal of Political Economy, December, 1895, University of Chi- cago. This is an excellent study of the bank from an economic standpoint.
HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY, Aborigines of the Ohio Valley.
HAWORTH, PAUL L., "Folk Speech in Indiana," in Indiana Magazine of History, I, 163.
HEITMAN, FRANCIS BERNARD, Historical Register of the Officers of the Continental Army. Washington, 1903.
Hening's Statutes of Virginia, These contain the laws of Virginia that pertain to Illinois county.
HENRY, WILLIAM WIRT, Life Correspondence and Speeches of Patrick Henry, New York, 1891. Contains correspondence between Col. Clark and Gov. Henry.
HENRY, W. E., State. Platforms of the Two Dominant Political Parties of Indiana, 1850-1900, Indianapolis, 1902.
HILDRETH, S. P., Pioneer History, etc. Cincinnati, 1848.
Historical Atlas of Indiana, illustrated, Baskin, Forster & Co., 1876. A very superior work, accurate and reliable.
History of the Late War by an American, Baltimore, 1816. A fairly good account of the War of 1812 by an eyewitness of many of its events. Pro-American.
HOLLIDAY, F. C., Indiana Methodism, Cincinnati, 1873. Contains good accounts of the Methodist colleges.
HOLLIDAY, REV. F. C., Life and Times of the Rev. Allen C. Wiley, 1853.
496
HISTORY OF INDIANA
HOLLOWAY, W. R., Indianapolis; A Historical and Statistical Sketch of the Railroad City, Indianapolis, 1870.
HOVEY, HORACE C., "The Origin of the Presbyterian Church in New Albany," in New Albany Ledger, Nov. 25, 1867.
HOWARD, GEORGE E., An Introduction to the Local Constitutional History of the United States, Baltimore, 1889. This has a reputation un- warranted by its accuracy.
HOWE, DANIEL WAITE, The Laws and Courts of Northwest and Indiana Territories, Ind. Hist. Soc. Publications, II, No. 1.
HULBERT, ARCHER BUTLER, Historic Highways, vol 8. Contains sketches of Clark's, St. Clair's and Wayne's routes, Cleveland, 1904.
HUMPHREY, EDWARD P., and CLELAND, THOMAS H., Memoirs of the Rev. Thomas Cleland, compiled from his private papers, Cincinnati, 1859.
Hunt's Merchants Magazine, 1839 to 1860, New York.
Indiana Alumni Quarterly, edited by Dr. S. B. Harding. Bloomington, 1913.
Indiana Magazine of History. Indianapolis and Bloomington, 1905.
Indiana State Publications, Official Reports. No attempt has been made
to make a bibliography of these. Taken as a whole they form the most valuable source of State History. At present they are not easily accessible to students or writers of history. As indicated by footnotes, they have been used continuously by the writer. They need to be published in order, and indexed, before they can be used to advantage.
Jesuit Relations, edited by R. G. Thwaites, in 73 volumes. Cleveland, 1896.
JOHNSON, JAMES H., A Ministry of Forty Years in Indiana. Indianapolis, 1865.
Kaskaskia Records, Illinois Hist. Collections, V.
KEMPER, DR. G. W. H., A Medical History of Indiana, Chicago, 1911.
KETCHAM, JOHN, Reminiscences of Early Life About Vallonia, 1812, Bloomington, 1865. Read at his funeral.
LANIER, J. F. D., Sketch of the Life of J. F. D. Lanier. New York, 1874. The author was president of the Madison Branch Bank. He gives us an insight into the policy of the bank, by one who stood high in its councils.
LASSELLE, CHARLES B., "The Old Indian Traders of Indiana," in In- diana Magazine of History, II, 1.
LAW, JOHN, The Colonial History of Vincennes, etc. Vincennes, 1858. Laws. Under this title are included (1) The Laws of the Northwest Territory from 1788 to 1800; (2) The Laws of the Governor and Judges of Indiana Territory from 1800 to 1805; (3) The Laws of Indiana Territory from 1805 to 1815; (4) The Laws of Indiana to date. These were printed for the State by the different public printers. Complete sets can be found in the Law Library at In- dianapolis. The investigator must exercise both patience and discretion in their use. The names, dates and indexes are in- accurate, and one who relies upon them will be misled. In many
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
cases local and general laws are printed separately, no fixed rule being followed in the division.
LAZENBY, JOHN C., "Jackson County Prior to 1850," in Indiana Maga- zine of History, X, 256.
Legislative Records. Under this title are included three series of volumes :
(1) The Journal of the House of Representatives; (2) The Jour- nal of the Senate; (3) The Documentary Journal. These were printed for the State by the public printer. Complete sets are to be found in the State Library at Indianapolis. Of the first two there is usually one volume each for each session of the Legisla- ture. The third begins with 1836 and there is usually one volume for each year. The same caution must be used with these as was suggested in the use of the Laws. The dates on the back, the numbers, the pagination and the indexes are unreliable. The only way to be sure a thing is not in one of these volumes is to look it through. The House and Senate Journals contain the minutes of the sessions of those bodies, but beyond that no fixed rule of publication has been followed. The substance of a speech is sometimes given, and many valuable committee reports are in- cluded. The Journals usually contain the Governor's message, and until the beginning of the Documentary Journal, in 1836, they contain all the reports from the State officers that were made to the Legislature. The Documentary Journal contains the committee reports, the official reports, the reports of special investigation, and other valuable papers. In this Journal are found the annual re- ports of the banks as well as many special reports called for from time to time by the Legislature. The long and detailed report on the bank by Nathan Palmer, in 1842, and the report of the Senate committee that investigated the "Bank Frauds," in 1857, are in this Journal also. Taken as a whole, the volumes contain a vast amount of historical material.
LEONARD, ADAM AHI, Personal Politics in Indiana, 1816 to 1840. MSS. LEVERING, JULIA HENDERSON, Historic Indiana, New York, 1909.
LOCKWOOD, GEORGE B., The New Harmony Movement. New York, 1905.
LOSSING, BENSON J., Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812. New York, 1869. Excellent.
LOSSING, BENSON J., "Scenes in the War of 1812." A series of articles in Harper's Magazine, vols. XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII.
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