Biographical and historical cyclopedia of Indiana and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania, Part 10

Author: Wiley, Samuel T. ed. cn
Publication date: 1891
Publisher: Philadelphia [J.M. Gresham & co.]
Number of Pages: 652

USA > Indiana > Biographical and historical cyclopedia of Indiana and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania > Part 10
USA > Pennsylvania > Armstrong County > Biographical and historical cyclopedia of Indiana and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania > Part 10

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West Pennsylvania R. R.

Blairsville (Market street station).

1011

Livermore

945

Saltsburg

891

The stations on the Blairsville and Indiana branch of the P. R. R. occupy the following elevations, the datum being the same as before:

R. R. Junction near Blairsville Inter- Feet.

section.

1111

Blairsville (as above) 1011

Smith's Summit 1101

Wier's run.

970

Water station

966

Black Lick bridge

1982

Doty's bridge.

1011

Rugh's.

1038

Saw-Mill run

1016

Bell's Mills run.

1032

Phillip's Summit.

1044

Kissinger's Summit

1055

Two-Lick creek.

1044

Reed's

1145

Indiana terminus (Main street).

1311

The following barometrical levels (which must be considered only as approximately cor- rect) are here introduced to show the relative elevations of the points named. They relate entirely to the summits of the main ridges :

Summit of Laurel Hill overlooking

Feet.

Sang Hollow

2300

Nolo ; summit of Nolo anticlinal.

1834?

Summit of Chestnut Ridge opposite . Packsaddle .: 2050

Oaks' Point.

1900

Summit of Chestnut Ridge, Black Lick

gap.

1894

Summit of Chestnut Ridge at Green-

ville

1600

Summit of Chestnut Ridge near Smith- port ... 1815

The projected pipe line (1879) for the trans- portation of oil from the heart of the oil regions to the Atlantic seaboard, passes in a southeasterly direction through the northern part of the county, entering it a short distance

INDIANA COUNTY.

south of Smicksburg, in West Mahoning town- ship, to continue thence across the northeast corner of South Mahoning, passing close to the Smyrna church, and so on to the town of Mar- ion; beyond this it enters Grcen township, in which its course is past the Dunkard Church, past Buterbaugh's mill and within about one- third of a mile of Cookport; it finally crosses the Cambria county line about 6 miles S. W. of Cherry Tree. The levels above tide along this pipe line vary from 1271 to 1999 feet.

Formation IX, the Ponent of Prof. Rogers' classification, is the equivalent of the Old Red sandstone. It has an extensive outspread in New York State, formning there the greater part of the Catskill mountains, from whence it has derived its geographical name. Prof. Hall de- scribes it as consisting in the latter locality of alternating strata "of sandstone, shale, and shaly sandstone, conglomerates and impure linie- stones." Moreover, these strata in the Cats- kills, like their equivalents in Pennsylvania, are much stained with ferruginous matter, the per- vading color of the sandy parts being, accord- ing to Prof. Hall, a brick red.

In Eastern Pennsylvania, where Formation IX passes under the Anthracite coal-fields, it has a composition similar to that above de- scribed, and a thickness of nearly 2,000 feet, which is likewise its dimensions on the south flank of the Catskills. In the Broad Top region of Huntingdon county it has increased in bulk to 2,680 feet, which is also its thickness on the face of the Allegheny Mountain. Its thickness under the Ligonier basin in Indiana county is not known, because only the upper members of the Formation are above the level of the Conemaugh; but the oil well now being drilled at Blairsville will show the character and thickness of the Catskill rocks in that region.

The topography of For. IX is eminently characteristic, rising either as a high, uneven terrace on the flank of the mountains of X as at the mouth of the Juniata, or cut up by num-

erous ravines and projecting then as bold spurs as along the Allegheny mountain overlooking Tyrone, Altoona and Hollidaysburg.

The greenish sands and grits of the Pocono sandstone (the Vespertine of Rogers) have a wide geographical range in Pennsylvania, form- ing as they do the southeast border of the Bi- tuminous coal-fields. . The same formation also encloses the anthracite basins, having there a thickness of nearly 2,000 feet and forming the Pocono mountain, from whence comes the geo- graphical name assigned to the Formation by Prof. Lesley. It has even a greater thickness where measured by Mr. Ashburner on Broad Top, showing there nearly 2,200 feet from top to base; but in the great leap from the Broad Top to the Allegheny it loses more than one- half its rocks and appears on the mountain face above Altoona as a formation only about 1,000 feet thick.

Thence westward and northwestward the re- duction is continuous but more gradual. In the Conemaugh gap of Laurel Hill the entire thickness of the formation does not exceed 650 feet; in the Packsaddle gorge (Chestnut Ridge) east of Blairsville, it is about the same ; then it passes under the uplands of Westmoreland and Indiana, and where "it rises again in Ohio and Northern Pennsylvania from its underground journey [it is] so lean and changed as scarcely to be recognized. It is there a formation of greenish sandstone less than two hundred feet thick. The whole intermediate space of course it underlies ; that is all Northern and Western Pennsylvania, all Western Virginia and the whole southern region of the Cumberland mountain; here it is as thin as in the Catskill region, but here as there helps to pile up the immense plateau, which narrowing as we go southward domineers with its lofty terminal crags the plains of Alabama."

Prof. Fontaine has made a careful study of the outcrops of the Pocono sandstone in West Virginia, and in his published descriptions of

GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF

it shows that the maximum thickness of the formation in that locality does not exceed one thousand feet, and this is including about 500 feet of rocks which Prof. Fontaine thinks may belong to the Catskill group.

It was stated above that the Catskill rocks are only partially exposed along the Conemaugh river. In the gaps of Laurel Hill and Chest- nut Ridge only about two hundred feet of these measures are above water level; while north of the river in Indiana county Formation IX does not again rise above the stream beds, but extends in an unbroken sheet far below the gen. eral surface of the country. Even in the deep gap of Black Lick, and in the almost equally deep gorges of Yellow creek and Two-Lick through Chestnut Ridge, the arch of the Catskill rocks across the anticlinal is several hundred feet below the channels of those creeks.

What little of Formation IX is exposed along the Conemaugh, can best be seen at the centre of the Laurel Hill anticlinal below Johnstown. Its oval shaped outcrop area ex- tends only a short distance in either direction from the axis, owing to the rather sharp north- west and southeast dips which there prevail. But the frequent exposures at the heart of the gap show how the red clays of IX extend up to and touch the greenish sands of X.

Formation XI, Mauch Chunk Red Shale.

Far greater than in either of the Formations above described, is the reduction which takes place in the thickness of the Mauch Chunk Red Shale, going west and northwest across the State.

Where fully developed in Eastern Penn- sylvania, as, for instance, at Mauch Chunk (whence its name), it is a vast accumulation of soft ferruginous mud rocks, three thousand feet thick. This is likewise its condition and dimensions in the valleys of the Schuylkill and Susquehanna rivers; but on Broad Top we find it only 1,100 feet thick, and but 400 feet

thick on the southeast front of the Allegheny mountain, dropping then to less than 200 feet in the Packsaddle Gap, and finally to less than 100 feet in the Allegheny river region.

It may here be stated that in the Conemaugh gaps of Chestnut Ridge and Laurel Hill there are no transition rocks whatever between Form- ations XI and XII, the red shales of the lower formation being there in direct contact with the lowest member of the Pottsville Conglomerate. This is very handsomely shown in a side cut along the railroad below the village of Bolivar.

Nor is the base of XI any less distinct, either in the Packsaddle Gap, or in the gorge of Laurel Hill. At both these places the grits of X begin directly underneath the Carbonif- erous or Mountain Limestone, and the base of that great stratum is here, without doubt, the base of Formation XI. That this is a considerable change from the condition of the formation fur- ther east, need hardly be said; for it is well known that not only along the face of the Alle- gheny Mountain, but as far east as Broad Top, the Maucli Chunk Red Shale is divisible into three distinct groups, of which the Mountain Limestone is the middle member, the lower mem- ber of the group in those places consisting of a mass of red shale and sand, which, however, steadily thins (going west) from Broad Top, and finally disappears altogether from the Forma- tion before reaching the Ligonier Basin of In- diana county, leaving the Mountain Limestone to rest there upon the upper member of X.

Mountain Limestone .- From the series of thin bands into which the Mountain Limestone is divided on Broad Top, the deposit has changed on the Allegheny Mountain to a com- pact mass of a very arenaceous limestone, thirty feet thick. In the Conemaugh gaps this thick- ness is increased to upwards of forty feet, pass- ing under the Indiana county upland to tlie west of Chestnut Ridge, as a higlily siliceous limestone, which is further characterized by its oblique planes of deposition. In this condition

INDIANA COUNTY.

it appears at both ends of the Laurel Hill gap, and again at both ends of the Packsaddle gorge, being quite extensively quarried by the Penn- sylvania Railroad Co., and broken for ballast, for which purpose it is well adapted, being easily raised and slow to disintegrate. It is further exposed at the heart of the Black Lick gap of Chestnut Ridge, forming there at the centre of the anticlinal abrupt high cliffs along the water's edge ; elsewhere in Indiana county it is not known, being at all other points far below the drainage lines.

The deposit continues to gain slowly in bulk towards the west and southwest, and in Ken- tucky it appears as a sub-formation one hun- dred feet thick, enclosing a vast and complicat- ed series of caverns, of which the famous Mam- moth Cave, with its two hundred miles of subterranean chambers, is one. Moreover, in Kentucky, as in other equally favored regions, it is intersected by numerous metalliferous lodes, some of which are of considerable value.

Among the Congressmen who have repre- sented Indiana county have been William Find- ley, 1803-17; Andrew Stewart, A. G. Mar- chand, 1840; Joseph Buffington, 1842-44; Alex. Irwin, 1846; Alfred Gilmore, 1848 ; Angustus Drum, 1854 ; John Covode, John L. Dawson, Henry D. Foster, A. W. Taylor and George A. Jenks. Of these, Findley, Stewart, Dawson and Covode were men of national reputation.

William Findley was born in Ireland, Janu- ary 11, 1851 ; “ received a parish-school edu- cation ; came to the United States and located in Philadelphia; served in the Revolutionary war ; removed to Westmoreland county, Penn- sylvania ; was a member of the State legislature, and a delegate to the State Constitutional Con- vention ; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in tlie Second Congress as a dem- ocrat and was re-elected to the Third, Fourth and Fifth Congresses, serving from October 24, 1791, to March 3, 1799 ; was again elected to

the Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses, serving from October 17, 1803, to March 3, 1817 ; he died near Greensburg, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1821. He published a ' Review of the Funding System,' 1794,.a 'History of the Insurrection in Western Pennsylvania' 1796, and several po- litical pamphlets."

" Andrew Stewart, or 'Tariff Andy,' whose name will be known for all time to come in the political history of the United States in connec- tion with the tariff, was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, June, 1792; received a public- school education ; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1815, and commenced practice at Uniontown ; was appointed by President Mon- roe United States attorney for the western District of Pennsylvania ; was for three years a member of the State House of Representatives ; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in the Seventeenth Congress as a Jackson dem- ocrat ; was re-elected to the Eighteenth, Nine- teenth and Twentieth Congresses, serving from December 3, 1821, to March 3, 1829; was again elected to the Twenty-second Congress ; was re-elected to the Twenty-third Congress, serving from December 5, 1831, to March 3, 1835 ; was defeated for the Twenty-fourth Con -. gress by Andrew Buchanan, whig; was again elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress ; was re- elected to the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Con- gresses, serving from December 4, 1843, to March 3, 1849 ; died at Uniontown, Pennsyl- vania, July 16, 1872."

John L. Dawson, a leading statesman, a fine orator and the author of the celebrated ' Home- stead Bill,' was born at Uniontown, Pennsyl- vania, February 7, 1813 ; received a classical education, graduating at Washington college ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar and com- menced practice at Brownsville, Pennsylvania ; was United States district-attorney for tlie western District of Pennsylvania, 1845-48; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in

GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF

the Thirty-second Congress as a democrat, re- ceiving 6,404 votes against 6,135 votes for Ogle, whig, and was re-elected to the Thirty- third Congress, receiving 9,791 votes against 7,460 votes for Gowen, whig, serving from December 1, 1851, to March .3, 1855; was appointed by President Pierce governor of Kansas Territory, but declined ; was again elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, receiving 10,234 votes against 10,009 votes for Steward, Unionist, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, receiving 10,855 votes against 10,730 votes for Fuller, Unionist, serving from De- cember 7, 1863, to March 3, 1867 ; was a del- egate to the National democratic conventions in 1844, 1848, 1860 and 1868, and died at Union- town, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1870."

" Henry Donnel Foster, one of the ablest lawyers that western Pennsylvania ever pro- duced, was born at Mercer, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1812, received a liberal educa- tion at Allegheny college, Meadville, Penn- sylvania, studied law and practiced the pro- fession ; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in the Twenty-eighth Congress as a democrat, receiving no opposition, and was re-elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress, serving from December 4, 1843, to March 3, 1847; was elected to the House of Representatives of the legislature of Pennsylvania in 1846 and 1847; was the democratic candidate for governor of Pennsylvania in 1860; was a candidate for the Forty-first Congress, but did not secure the

seat, and was again elected to the Forty-second Congress as a democrat, receiving 12,399 votes against 11,669 votes for A. Stewart, repub- lican, serving from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1873, and died at Irwin, Pennsylvania, on October 16, 1880."

The writer, in securing historical matter con- cerning Indiana county, received valuable assist- ance from the county officials of 1890, and from E. B. Clarke, assistant librarian, and C. B. Boggs, an officer of the Mercantile Library of Philadelphia. In Armstrong county he received aid from the county officials, and especially from the clerk of the Board of Com- missioners. In regard to speculative surveys and projected blocks of land from these sur- veys and "shingled " land claims, we received a very accurate and clear account from Judge Silas M. Clark, but unfortunately lost the notes of the same.

When Columbus planted the royal banner of Spain on the shores of the new world, and beside it placed the cross of Christian civil- ization, he gazed upon an empire more vast in extent than any of the empires of the east, and stretching for nine thousand miles from pole to pole it rivaled imperial Rome during her golden age in territory, population and rich mines. Of the thousands of counties existing on the North American continent to-day but one perpetuates the name of this great fallen Indian empire-and that one is Indiana county, Pennsylvania.

Samuel Wiley

INDIANA COUNTY.

INDIANA BOROUGH.

AT the northern terminus of the Indiana branch of the Pennsylvania railway, nine- teen miles from its intersection with the main line, and seventy-two miles northeast of Pitts- burgh, is Indiana, the county-seat of Indiana county and one of the most pleasant and healthy towns of this State. Indiana is near the geograplı- ical centre of the county and is eligibly built upon rising ground. Its wide streets and side-walks, beautiful residences and substantial business- blocks, and handsome churches and superior schools, all indicate the progressive character and high standing of its people. Indiana com- prises the separate boroughs of Indiana and West Indiana and contains a population of over two thousand. It is the shipping-point for over two-thirds of the county, and exports lumber, bark, grain, live stock, leather and straw-board. It contains good county buildings, eight churches, one of the largest and finest State Normal schools in the United States, excellent public schools, eight hotels and three banks. It is lighted with gas, has good water- works and supports a fire department. It has three planing-mills, two foundries, three flour- ing-mills, a wagon-works, two tanneries and one of the largest straw-board mills in this country. Indiana is situated in north latitude 40 degrees 38 minutes and in 2 degrees 8 minutes west longi- tude from Washington City. It was laid out in 1805, and was incorporated on March 11, 1816.

Fergus Moorhead settled on the Isaac Moor- head farm, west of the site of Indiana, in 1772, and in 1776 a white man settled on the James P. Carter farm adjoining one of the present borough boundary lines, but the Indians burned his cabin and drove liim away. In 1795 Conrad Rice came to the James P. Carter farm and found Fergus Moorhead, Thomas Allison, Timothy O'Neil, George Trimble, Gawin Adams, James

Kelly and James Thompson, residing within the vicinity of the site of Indiana.

George Clymer owned a body of three thou- sand and fifty acres of land, which included the site of Indiana. He conveyed two hundred and fifty acres (portions of tracts warranted in the names of Jamcs Gall, John Beck and William Brown) of land through his agent, Alex. Craig, on which tract Thomas Allison and Alex. Taylor laid out the town of Indiana. After reserving three acres for the public grounds, the town was laid out into two hundred and twenty-five lots and ninety-two out-lots. "Originally the public grounds, where the court- house stands, extended from Philadelphia to Water street, and from Clymer street to Sutton alley, nearly three acres. The square upon which the Lutheran, Presbyterian and United Presbyterian churches stand, originally extended from Clymer street to Vine street, and from Church street to the southern limits of the town, em bracing about two acres and a half. Unfor- tunately, many years ago building lots were sold off these public squares, to save the county a pittance of taxes; and thus was the beauty of the town marred and the comfort of the in- habitants impaired. This was worse than a crime-it was an unpardonable blunder. The proceeds of the sale of the town lots were ap- plied to the erection of the county- buildings, and thus the old court-house (a most creditable building in its day) and the old jail were built without taxation, and without costing the people a farthing." The first jail was of hickory logs and had a clapboard roof. The stone county jail was commenced in 1806 and completed in 1807.

The contractor was Rev. John Jamison, and the building was two stories high and 30x36 feet in dimensions. James Mahan had charge of the mason work and Thomas Sutton of the carpentering. The court held its sessions in the upper rooms of the jail until the erection of the old court-house in 1809. The present court-

GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF

house (a picture of which appears opposite page 180), a most substantial and beautiful building, was completed in 1871, at a cost of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars.

There were no banks up to 1855, when Hogue & Co. opened a private bank, which was succeeded by the banking firm of Sutton & Stewart, who did business from 1858 to 1864. On January 2, 1864, "The First National Bank" was organized; "The Indiana County Deposit Bank " was organized on December 4,

Sloan, James G. Caldwell, James Johnson, John Eason, Harry White, James Bailey, W. B. Marshall, Robert Walkinshaw, Charles Swoyer, Thomas St. Clair, M.D., William Reed, M.D., William Crawford and George Sedgwick. In- diana Lodge, No. 21, Ancient Order of United Workinen, was instituted July 2, 1872, and Clymer Lodge, No. 28, Knights of Honor, was instituted August 12, 1874, and named in honor of George Clymer. Post No. 28, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized on June 28

INDIANA COUNTY JAIL.

1869; and "The Farmers' Bank" commenced operations March 24, 1876.

Palladium Lodge, No. 346, Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, was chartered February 19, 1849, and Indiana Lodge, No. 313, Free and Accepted Masons, was chartered January 11, 1858, and constituted April 7, 1858. The charter members of Palladium Lodge were : J. G. Caldwell, Charles Slaysman, John Hunter, W. B. Clark, D. Peeler, W. C. Boyl, T. S. Searle, J. H. Shryock, W. McCoy and A. R. Marlin. The charter members of Indiana Masonic Lodge were : Robert Crawford, James

1874, and its charter members were: D. S. Porter, B. B. Tiffaney, D. F. Heasley, A. H. Mitchell, J. T. Gibson, J. B. Work, A. H. White, M. J. Shannon, R. M. Birkman, James McGaughey, J. M. Sutton, J. H. Hill, E. D. Cherry, A. S. Thompson, E. E. Allen, G. R. Lewis, T. C. Ramey and A. C. Braughler.

Henry Shryock erected the first building on the site of the town in 1805. It was a round log cabin (about the centre of East Philadelphia street) and was used for several years as a tavern. Samuel Young and William Coulter next built cabins. In the spring of 1806 James Moor-

INDIANA COUNTY .*

head and Peter Sutton each erected a two-story hewed tavern building with a shingle roof. The first man to sell goods was Samuel Young in 1806, and the first regular merchant was John Dennison, who opened a store during the same year. Between 1806 and 1810 Robert Nixon and John Sutton opened stores, and the popula- tion increased from fifty in 1806 to one hun- dred and twenty-five in 1810. In 1833 the town contained sixty dwellings, five taverns, eight stores and three churches. In 1856 the population had increased to over one thousand, and on the 5th of June of that year the Indiana Branch railroad was completed. From the opening of that road until the present time the borough had increased steadily in population, manufactures and wealth.

The population of Indiana at eachi census from 1820 to 1860 has been : 317, 433, 674, and 963.

The burgesses of Indiana from 1816 to 1880 were: 1816, James McKnight; 1818, James M. Kelly ; 1819, John Taylor ; 1820, John Taylor, Esq .; 1821, John Douglass; 1822, Robert Nixon; 1824, James McCahan ; 1827, William Lucas, Esq .; 1828, James Moorhead ; 1830, William Banks, Esq .; 1831, James Thompson ; 1832, Fergus Cannon ; 1834, James Thomas ; 1835, James McKennan ; 1836, Fergus Cannon ; 1837, Woodroe Douglass ; 1839, Daniel Stanard; 1840, James McKen- nan ; 1841, Woodroe Douglass ; 1843, James M. Stewart ; 1844, William McClaran ; 1845, I. M. Watt ; 1846, Samuel Moorhead ; 1847, Charles B. Campbell ; 1850, J. M. Watt ; 1851, James Sutton; 1852, John Myers; 1853, James Todd; 1855, William M. Stewart; 1856, E. P. Hildebrand ; July 13, 1856, S. A. Douglass, appointed ; 1857, James Sutton ; 1859, John H. Lichteberger ; 1860, F. M. Kinter ; 1861, Wil- liam H. Coleman; 1862, Adam Row ; 1863, A W. Taylor ; October 16, 1863, S. A. Douglass ; 1864, J. M. Watt; 1865, George W. Boden- hamer ; 1866, T. S. Nesbit ; 1867, J. S. Nes-

bit; 1868, J. G. Caldwell; 1870, James Tur- ner ; November 8, 1873, G. S. Christy ; 1874, J. A. Smith and 1877, M. F. Jamison.

The burgesses of West Indiana from 1870 to 1880 were : 1871, James Clark, Esq .; 1872, A. L. McClusky ; 1875, John Sutor ; 1876, Griffith Ellis.

Between 1850 and 1870 the Cumberland Valley, Columbia and other mutual insurance companies did some little business in the county. Up to 1870 the standard fire insurance com- panies had scarcely a foothold in Indiana county, when in April of that year H. S. Thompson established his present agency, and in 1872 moved into the Deposit bank building, which he now occupies on Main street, in the borough of Indiana. Mr. Thompson has for some time been a notary public and is well qual- ified to represent the leading insurance com- panies who have secured his services. He then (1872) represented the Insurance company of North America, of Philadelphia ; the Home, of New York and Farmers' Insurance company, of York, Pa., and has also become the represen- tative of the Ætna, of Hartford, and Continental, of New York, in addition to the Royal, Phoenix and Guardian fire companies of England and the Travelers' Life and Accident company, of Hartford, Connecticut. Mr. Thompson is a pleasant, straightforward gentleman as well as a practical and successful business man, energetic and careful, without display or boasting, and represents companies which afford every ele- ment of security, as well as reasonable rates of insurance to the public. Between 1870 and 1872 the late Capt. George E. Smith, who lo- cated in the county in 1835, establislied a gen- eral insurance office on Water street, in West In- diana. In 1884, R. A. Paul & Son opened an insurance office. They are now located at tlie corner of Sixth and Philadelphia streets, and represent the Fire association, the American Fire and the Franklin Fire insurance companies of Philadelphia ; the Liberty, of New York ;

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Biographical and historical cyclopedia of Indiana and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania, Part 10

Author: Wiley, Samuel T. ed. cn Publication date: 1891 Publisher: Philadelphia [J.M. Gresham & co.] Number of Pages: 652

Author: Wiley, Samuel T. ed. cn
Publication date: 1891
Publisher: Philadelphia [J.M. Gresham & co.]
Number of Pages: 652