USA > Indiana > Grant County > Centennial history of Grant County, Indiana, 1812 to 1912 : compiled from records of the Grant county historical society, archives of the county, data of personal interviews, and other authentic sources of local information > Part 54
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"The shoemaker generally made our shoes in the fall, and one pair a year was all we had, and sometimes he would be behind with his work and it would be very cold before we would get our shoes. The young women generally spun and wove the cloth, and then it was taken to the fulling mill, fulled and colored and made into men's clothing. In cach neighborhood there were women who made coats and my mother was a coatmaker. The weavers would sometimes be behind and each one would have to wait his turn. A good spinner would make twelve cuts
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a day, but an expert would make twenty ents, one ent being 120 rounds on the reel. Six cuts was a skein, and in doing a day's work spinning a woman would walk about five miles.
"We first sowed our flax and when it was ripe about common harvest time we would have dlax pullings and let it dry, and bind it up in little sheaves and then pound off the seeds. After the seeds were off and the rains began to come, we spread it out to rot, and if it was a wet fall the flax would rot to the bottom without any assistance, but if not we would have to turn it over. Then when it was rotted sufficiently it was bound up and put in the dry. In the winter we would break it with the fax break, swindel it or dress it with a sentehing knife mitil we knocked all the shoves out, and then it was taken into the house and the women took the hackle to it. The first backling was coarse, and made tow linen, which was used for the men's pants. The second hackling made a tiner grade, which, with cotton chain and flax filling, was made into sheets and bed linen, and the flax after the tow was all taken out made the women's dresses and the men's shirts, filled on cotton chain, which was carded and spun by the women. In the early days the women did all their own carding and spinning. Raw cotton was sold and sometimes it was bought by the bale and retailed out to customers in small lots. The seeds had to be taken out and the cotton washed and dried, then it was ready to be carded and spun, so that when a woman got the cloth for a nice dress she worked for it. They frequently colored the cotton and flax that they used for their own dresses, very often having them checked or striped both ways. Our sewing thread was made by spin- ning the flax very fine and doubling and twisting it."
Explanatory note. People who visit the Octogenarian Musei in Matter Park and ask so many questions about the faxbrake and hackles would better understand them from reading the foregoing diary. Mr. Coggeshall left considerable record relative to early Friends, but another handles that chapter in history. His time of life was 1813 to 1902. and there were more than one hundred persons in his line of descent at the time of his death. He saw many changes in society. For forty years he was an elder in Friends church, and a trustee of Indiana Yearly Meet- ing until released at his own request, and for twenty-one years he was president of the board in control of White's Institute, Int on account of advanced age he had requested to be relieved from all such responsibil- ity. I' all men would leave diaries covering the time in which they live. the future historian would have many advantages over the conditions of the present.
LVI. SOCIAL LIFE IN THE COUNTRY
Notwithstanding the popular belief that isolation is the drawback of country life, there are those who feel that with twentieth century con venienees and methods something of the pleasure of the past has been taken from them. Time was when country people had leisure, and could meditate on what they read or heard- could digest facts as they came to them, but the onward march of civilization has removed much of that quiet reflection from their lives, and many of them are as distinctively in the grind as their friends in the towns and cities. The telephone, rural mail, automobile and interurban ear service have been enumerated so frequently as advantages of rural life that the words are stereotyped, and sometimes the friend on the wall, the postoffice on wheels and the cross country rapid transit have brought so much of the bluster of the
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world into the household that the question of advantage is raised, some maintaining that social conditions are greatly changed, owing to twen- tieth century innovations.
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Those who use party line telephones are convinced of the sociability of the neighborhood, especially when an urgent business eall is delayed because some patron of the line did not know whether to take pickles or salad to the Sunday school pienie, or some other equally weighty question, and if there ever was an opportune time for women to discuss frivolities it was when some man had urgent business and was impatient about it. When women have discussed everything by 'phone there is little reason for the sunbonnet call, and thus the people of any given community are no longer sociable as in the olden thne, but why not take the facts into consideration and not charge the lack of friendly interest ? If there is distress or special need in the community, are there not angels of mercy as in the preceding generation, and do not the men and women of to-day respond to the demands upon them? If sickness is visited upon a family, do not neighboring families ease the burden by kindly ministrations the same as in "the good old times?" The women of to-day responds as readily as did her mother when there is demand upon her. The man of to-day writes his check to alleviate want just as willingly as his father measured out a sack of corn or vegetables to relieve the situation.
The daily paper now brings intelligence from all the world, and the farmer and his family certainly have a wider knowledge than fifty years ago, when they gleaned all their information from each other in those friendly fireside and bedtime visits. When they have talked to all their friends by 'phone, and have read about all their acquaintances in the daily papers -- and that was in a measure true when "Countryside and Wayside" was a possibility-why not board the electric car that passes the door or through the neighborhood, and go to some lecture or place of amusement instead of the old-fashioned neighborhood call, where the daily gossip thrashed over again? Why not ecase charging people with selfishness when the conditions surrounding rural life are so dif- ferent from those of a generation ago? While there were "Rolinda" farm letters, many said they were like letters from friends, and yet lack of appreciation expressed at the proper place rendered them out of the question. It was not from want of appreciation so much as properly directed effort on the part of country people that this rural news feature in their social and business interests was omitted from the newspapers. Society in towns is better served, and it is because of loyal support.
In many rural communities research clubs and literary societies are already on a firm basis, and congenial people are thus brought together at intervals to discuss questions worth while -- the topics of the day and petty gossip excluded, and certainly membership in such an organization affords one sufficient social outlet, unless he is of very unusual disposi- tion. Men who have studied the situation are emphatic in their belief that organization of farmers, principally for social and educational pur- poses, is the thing now most needed in country life, and in some com- monities that need has been admirably met by clubs -- yes, the word club is coming into favor, and some would like to apply it to all social organizations, although league is a word frequently substituted for it because there is less prejudice against it. There have been reading circles among teachers that have been enjoyed by their friends, and Sunday school lessons have been prepared in circles condneted much as research clubs, while in many localities Grant county women have en- joyed the W. C. T. U. meetings because they bring them together as well as for the reforms advocated, causing them temporarily to forget Vw 1 -24
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their own dull routine by lifting them for a while out of themselves. If it were only organized, the store box contingent at the cross roads in every community might receive some benefits from coming together. Some of the best story tellers in the world might thus be culisted, and the idle half hour be made a profitable meeting. There are few topies untouched in such neighborhood circles-dog fights or governmental problems, and there should be detinite purpose in the study.
Recreation is necessary, all work and no play being detrimental to life's best interests, and magazines and books have their mission in every community. Recently there are societies being organized in rural com- munities having some end in view, and while the sociability of the past -neighborhood frolies in developing the country, as log-rolling, wool- piekings and carpet rag enttings -- may be gone forever, is not the pres- ent type of neighborhood intercourse of more benefit to mankind ? When the reading and thinking portion of a community has met and discussed questions of interest, and each has carried home with him some new understanding of a subject, is not the social status of the highest order ? The combined effort of the neighborhood was necessary in a physical way while the country was being developed, and the social opportunity was never overlooked by the pioneers. There were husking bees and apple cuttings-a woman said she went in good society when she was a girl-never missed an apple eutting, but an evening of that kind now would not appeal to the young at all.
Many proxy farmers in other places have organized farmers' clubs, and "when you come to take up the individual rich man as farmer, you see in most cases why he became rich -- he applies to his farming the first principles of business, which are efficiency and organization, " and with that thought in mind why should not farmers organize-better their conditions? The Salem Farmers Club of Washington county was or- ganized in 1892, and it has long been a recognized force in farm circles of the state, both on the platform and through the press, and it is under- stood that the Salem Farmers (lub had its inspiration from a similar organization, the Oxford Farmers Club, Oxford, Ohio, and in turn the Salem Farmers Club exerted an influence in Grant county that resulted in the organization of the Farm Culture Club, when Mrs. C. N. Lindley told of it before the Fairmount. Farmers' Institute in 1908, at the Feb- ruary meeting. The county historian was then a farm newswriter, and knowing of the Salem Farmers' Club, of which Mrs. Lindley was a mem- ber, when she had finished an address, he asked her to tell in a enrsory way of the social organization to which she belonged. It was seed sown on good soil, and the Farm Culture Club organized that March was the result.
The Farm Culture Club was patterned somewhat after the Salem Farmers Club, Mrs. Lindley supplying its members with a year book, which was readily adapted to the local need. The Constitution reads:
Article 1. This association shall be known as the Farm Culture Club.
Article II. The object of this organization shall be the study of advanced agriculture and literature in so far as it entertains, instructs or elevates.
Article III. Only those who are engaged in agricultural pursuits may be members of the club.
Article IV. The officers shall be president, vice-president, secretary, corresponding secretary, treasurer, critic and parliamentarian and librarian, to be elected annually at the regular November meeting, and assume their duties in January.
Article V. Officers shall be elected by ballot, and their duties shall be such as usually appertain to these offices.
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Article VI. The membership shall be limited to twelve families. When vacancies occur, new members may be admitted by unanimous vote.
Article VII. Constitution and By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting by a two-thirds vote of all members of the club, amend- ments to be submitted in writing with anthor's name one meeting before being balloted upon.
The By-Laws are: Section 1. The club shall meet at the residence of one of its members on the second Friday in each month at 10 A. M.
Section 11. Invitations to all meetings shall be limited to the host's family.
Section HII. Each member must perform the duty assigned to him or send a substitute.
Section IV. The annual membership fee per Family shall be one dollar ($1.00). Any emergency fee may be raised by assessments, Any assessment may be levied by a two-thirds vote of all the members of the club.
Section V. Partisan polities shall not be discussed in elub meetings.
Section VI. Amendments by addition. The following shall con- stitute the order of the day: 1 roll call; 2 reading of minutes: 3 pro- grain; 4 report of committees; 5 unfinished business; 6 miscellaneous business; 7 adjourmment. No officer shall succeed himself. Program duty shall not be required of host or hostess.
At the November meeting, 1912, the reorganization resulted as fol- lows: W. R. Harvey, president : Henry Doherty, vice president ; Mrs. Laura Chasey, recording secretary ; Von Goodykoontz, treasurer; Mrs. Etta Doherty, corresponding secretary ; A. B. Brewer, critic and parlia- mentarian and Mrs. Marie Scott, librarian. The roll of active members is: Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Brewer, of Robite; Mr. and Mrs. L. O. Chasey. of Maple Flats; Mr. and Mrs. Von Goodykoontz. of Heimat ; Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Harvey, of Sunnyside; Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Jones, of Pop- larim : Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Rush, of Brook Haven : Mr. and Mrs. John Scott, of Maplewood ; Mr. and Mrs. H. M. Doherty ; Mr. and Mrs. P. R. Edgerton, of Wastena; T. W. Shugart, of Willow Ledge. Because of removal and other reasons the honorary members are: Mr. and Mrs. Inde Dyson, of High Point; Mr. and Mrs. Fred Johnson, of Johnson 1Till, removed to Whittier, California: Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Little; Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Smith, removed to Florida, and Mrs. Mary Metcalf.
Some random topies from the year book show that the Farm Culture Club is delving with live questions, as: " How will the reciprocity treaty affeet the farmers?" "Relation of the immigrant to the faruter "What is the country church doing, and what are we doing for thu country church ?" "The farmer as a citizen," "The home training of the daughter," "History of Indiana." "Gen. Lew Wallace and his writ- ings," "Conservation of energy." Debate, "Resolved that the evils of socialism outweigh its merits," "Lightning rods," "On the farm now and fifty years ago," 'Our merchant marine." "The Farmer's new horizon," "Cooperative buying and breeding of livestock, " " If I were not myself who would I rather be, " "Food and its relation to health," and ad infinitum along the line of practical research. The Farm Culture Club is already a voice in the community.
The Bethel Farmers' Club was a neighborhood organization includ- ing all the families about Bethel and Oak Ridge who eared to join it. Mrs. Nora Mart Goodykoontz, of Good Cheer, having been instrumental in its organization. Meetings were held every month at the different homes in the evenings, and everything from Roosevelt's Country Life Commission to gravel roads, on which its members were taxed, was con-
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CRMIT.CAOCTOCENARHITS
TENTH ANNUAL REUNION GRANT COUNTY OCTOGENARIAN'S
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sidered. "Pleasure and Profit" described them until loss by death caused discouragement and the meetings lapsed, although sometime they may again be resumed. I. S. Benbow, of Beechwood, was its presi- dent, and Mrs. Goodykoontz was seerctary. There were neighborhood exhibits and annual pienie meetings while the club was in existence. and it was social diversion enjoyed by many. The Salem Farmers Club along the Salem pike is a similar organization of recent origin, holding its sessions in the evening.
Perhaps Grant county rural residents would not care to " Turn Back- ward, O Time in Your Flight, " to the "come over and stay till bedtime" custom of the past, when the whole neighborhood comes in one evening and looks after the social Features in wholesale manner. The people in the country used to be considered more sociable than now, but were they? The human heart still performs its office in about the same way, and human interest and need is unchanged. While environment. has changed, is not that the extent of it? There are advocates for club organization as a substitute for the popular farmers' institute of recent years, and it is very well for progressive people to keep their cars to the ground since the Twentieth century has a watchword- forward.
LVIL. THE GRANT COUNTY OCTOGENARIAN CLUB, GOLDEN WEDDING CIRCLE AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY
While a resident of Columbus, Ohio, along abont the time the Twen- tieth century was nshered in, the present Grant county historian was acquainted with the work of the Old Northwest Genealogical Society, and returning soon afterward to Indiana he determined to do some- thing himself toward perpetuating past history. In the summer of 1903, after seeing the connuon school graduates in all of the townships in Grant county-June the month of roses, brides and graduates-he published the names of all four-score persons as they were obtainable, people saying at the time there were not fifty octogenarians in the county. The Octogenarian Club held its first meeting September 1, that year, but since that time the annual meetings have been held in August-the "eighty month."
Unique among the organizations of Indiana-perhaps the only club in the world so exclusive -- thirty-five men and women who had celebrated their Tour-score birthdays responded to the call. twenty-seven of them remaining for a photographer to make the picture which had a wide sale, relatives everywhere wanting a picture of so many octogenarians-so many men and women in their second childhood, and only James D. Fort, Mrs. Gabrilla Havens, Mrs. Rachel Farr and Mrs. Catharine Clunk are in both the first and last pictures-pictures having been made of all the annual gatherings until the jubilee or tenth annual meeting, August 20, 1912, when the second group used in this article was made, F. L. Craven never failing the "Old Folks." The badges worn are Octogenarian and Golden insignia, highly prized by all entitled to them. A few who sat in the first picture lingered at home too feeble to attend the tenth ammal meeting.
While there were octogenarians all over the county, some of the town- ships were not reported the first year, the enrollment being as follows: Mrs. Nancy Leas, Mrs. Catharine Holtz, Mrs. Mary E. Camblin, Samuel Pulley, Rev. Lot Green and Patrick Morarity in Van Buren, David Cret- singer, John B. MeArthur, Frank Thompson and Mrs. Magdalena Baker in Washington; Charles Renbarger and Nathan Overman in Pleasant :
-
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Elias Burns in Richland ; None in Sims; JJohn S. Harris in Franklin; Father G. P. Riley, Mrs. Sarah B. Riley, John Ratliff, Mrs. Matilla Murphy, Mrs. Margaret Maple, 11. F. Clunk, Mrs. Catharine Chunk, Michael S. Pettit, Miss Rachel James, Samuel A. Campbell, Dr. Isaac Carey, Peter Eshelman, Mrs. Hannah Halley, Mrs. Margaret St. John, Mrs. Lonisa lliatt, Miss Elizabeth Maffett, Mrs. Eliza Clayton, Davidson Culbertson, Mrs. Julia M. Welsh, Lewis Kelley, Eli Hollingsworth, and Mrs. Miranda Ely of Center; George Strange, Mrs. Lydia Strange, and Mrs. Lucinda Meyers of Monroe; None from Jefferson; Mrs. Gabrilla Havens, Thomas Newby, Mrs. Sallie Newby, Ephraim Smith, Micajah Wilson, Bernard Me Donell, Mrs. Houston, Mrs. Jane Winslow and Mrs. Mary Winslow of Fairmount; Eli Kimbrough, Mrs. Lydia Carey, Mrs. Elizabeth Andrew, Mrs. Melinda Kirk, Mrs. Nancy Daugherty, Mrs. Mary A. MeKinney, Mrs. Rhody Conner and Mrs. Plessy Morris Hons- ton of Liberty; Mrs. Mary Ann Wilson, John M. Smith, Mrs. Mary Lynas, Mrs. Maria Lane, Eleazor John, John Gossom, James Diekey, Mr. Eaton, Mrs. Baton and Mrs. Knox of Green ; Mrs. Elizabeth Zeck, Mrs. JJaune Barnard, Noah Harris, James D. Fort, William Roush, Jacob Candy and Mrs. LeFever of Mill.
The mortuary list each year has averaged more than thirty, and yet from year to year the enrollment increased until in 1912 - the time cov- ered in this record of a century-the Following were enrolled as octo- genarians: Lewis De Vere, Lewis Landess, Mrs. Louisa Bollhoefer, Mrs. Sylvia Eversole, Enoch Camblin, Charles Shultz, R Beatty Boxell, Mrs. Mary Young, Joseph W. Lee, William D. Cory, James Cloud, Mrs. Wini- fred Evarts and August Bollhoefer of Van Buren ; Rov. G. P. Riley, Mrs. Sarah B. Riley, Samuel King, Samuel T. Pulley, Michael Coon, David Shuff, Mrs. Catharine Shuff, Thomas Q. Kilander, Mrs. Chlotilda Yeach, Martin Whitencek, Henry JJ. Callenfine, Mrs. Anna Boxell, William Pulley and Mrs. Olivia Pulley of Washington; Stephen Beach, William Morehead, William Stevens, Mrs. Elizabeth Rennaker, Mrs. Mary E. Sin- ons, Mrs. Susannah Beach, Mrs. Margaret Antrim, Mrs. Catharine Mason, Jonathan K. Pritchett, Mrs. Naney Cain Stevens, Mrs. Mary Overman, John C. Gruwell, S. R. Fankboner, Mrs. Rhody Voris, Ross Prickett and Bansel Nichols of Pleasant; Mrs. Mary A. Brumfiel, Jacob Drook, Jere- miah Strieler, Nathan Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Mrs. Sally Carmichael, Mrs. Minerva Coan, Emanuel Pence, Mrs. Nancy A. Mebane, Henry Snyder, Mrs. Sarah Highley, Alfred Druck and W. W. Wharton of Richland.
Across the next tier of townships the octogenarians were: Albert Messmore, Mrs. Elizabeth Williams, Joseph A. Smith, John A. Rust, Samuel Elliott, Mrs. Prudence McKee, John Pearson, Amos Thomas, Cyrus Baker, Mrs. Anna Patterson, Mrs. Mary Ann Elliott, Nathaniel Foltz, Meredith Maple. William Dearth and Mrs. Powell in Sims: G. 11. Ileironoms, Andrew Isenhoff, Mrs. Emerine Cox. William B. Stevens, Jackson Nance, John Shields, John B. Mills, Bethuel Middleton, W. 11. Chappell, David Babb, Samuel Burrior, Henry Lithe, William Ford, Mrs. Mary Agnes Kiger, Nelson Thompson, Mrs. Jane Futrell, W. T. Cook, Samuel Small, Mrs. Mary W. Vickery and John Neff in Franklin ; Mrs. Caroline Andrew Spahr, E. M. Tyner. Samuel Campbell, Mrs. Rachel Farr, Mrs. Catharine Clunk, Mrs. Mary Ruggles, Mrs. Susan Barnes, Mordecai 11. Unthank, John Butler, Mrs. Roberta O'Neil, Mrs. Edith A. Pettiford (colored ), Mrs. Lucy Moore, Mrs. Miriam Wallace, William Mattox, Thomas Kinneman, Mvey B. Dillon, Mrs. Margaret Van Vactor, Jehn P. Andrew, Mrs. Martha A. Evans, Mrs. Ellen Daily, Mrs. Mary A. Gardner, Eli Thomas, William Sharon, Mrs. Mary Wade. Jason Willson, Rev. Ahnon Greenman, William P. Adams, William
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ITSTORY OF GRANT COUNTY
Irwin, J. C. Everingham, G. W. Thorn, Mrs. Mary Jane Shoceraft (col- ored), Mrs. Harriet Russell, 1. W. Brady, Nathan Jackson, Jacob II. Fishell, Mrs. Naney Wiser, Rev. S. D. Fite, Mrs. Hannah Errickson, Thomas B. Williams, Jesse Cummins, Lewis Truesdale, Judge R. T. St. John, Oliver D. Morgan (colored ), Rev. T. H. Allison, James Hlav- ens, Mrs. Naney Bodwell, Mrs. Anna MeDowell, Mrs. Mary B. Holman, Mrs. Mary Imeas, Charles Doyle, Alfred Weaver (colored), W. F. Red- ding, Henry Kepner, Mrs. Sarah E. Rutherford, Oliver Gaines, John B. Miller, Mrs. Angeline J. Fillebrown, Mrs. Rebecca Brownlee, Mrs. Mary Bonner, Mrs. Amanda Leeka, Mrs. Samantha O. Davis, Mansfield Felton, Mrs. Elvira Patterson, Mrs. Martha E. Goldlthait, Mrs. Mary Watson, Mrs. Maria Elizabeth Turner, Jesse Bond, John Smaltz, Mrs. Margaret Shields, David S. Hogin, William Davis, J. T. Creekmore, Jacob S. Barley, David II. Horner, Mrs. Artie Baldwin, Mrs. Susan Bowers, Mrs. Maria Reece, Mrs. Elizabeth Hummel, Mrs. Martha Weaver and Mrs. Eliza Wallace (colored), of Center; James Borock, Mrs. Hester Ann Bocock, Hiram Pearson, Smiley M. Farr. Mrs. Martha Wilson, Mrs. Mary (. Greenlees, Levi Lightle, D. Bynum Pierce and Mrs. Sarah Jones of Monroe.
The octogenarians in the south tier of townships were: Richard Deerin, Henry Reed, Mrs. Lucinda Warner, Lorenzo D. Watson, Mrs. Nancy Knight, Jesse Scott, Mrs. Eliza Ann Carter, David Odint, Hirant Thurman, John N. Hicks, John R. Kirkwood, Mrs. Elizabeth Wright, Hugh Deerin, Robert Sanborn, John Dickerson, Mrs. Nancy E. Pugh, Mrs. Elma Reeves, and Mrs. Eliza Mittank Dunlap of Jefferson ; Mrs. Gabrilla Havens, Mrs. Sarah J. Stout, Mrs. Rebecca Moon. Henry D. Kepler, Mrs. Eunice Weaver, Mrs. Elizabeth Briles, Charles Ewick. William S. Wardwell, Mrs. Christina Beek, John Seale, Mrs. Emily Wardwell, Elias Hiatt, Mrs. Sarah Baldwin, Judiah B. Smithson, Wil- liam F. Bell, Jacob Wright, Jonathan Marine, Mrs. Lydia Smithson, Mrs. Parmelia Jones and Mrs. Cynthia Jay Winslow of Fairmount : Mrs. Nancy Daugherty, John Bannister, Solomon Bright, John Harrold. Louisa Jane Smith (colored), Mrs. Elizabeth Howell, Asa Bond, Mrs. Clorinda Evans (colored), Hugh A Dickey, Andrew Murray, Amos Thomas and Mrs. Mary Bannister of Liberty; Mrs. Mary Lynas, John Legg, Mrs. Elvisa Mitchell, James Hinton, Mrs. Mary Leer, John Foster, Mrs. Susan Miller, Mrs. Susan Miller again, Mrs. Lois Planck, and Robert Seeley of Green; James D. Fort, A. C. Forsythe, Christian 1. Swafford, Noah Harris, James Deerin, Mrs. Anna Fike, Jesse Johnson, Patrick MeGinire, Mrs. Naney Harris, Henry Clapper, B. B. Coleman, Mrs. Elizabeth Ross, John Adams, Aaron Samme, Joseph W. Hill, Mrs. Mary N. Pearson, Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Burgoon, Mrs. Isrelda Frame, George Phillips, Mrs. Naney MeKrever, Mrs. Eliza Irons, Daniel Wilson Hiatt, Rev. C. A. Fields, Thomas E. Rush, HI. O. Rhoades and Jacob Daily of Mill.
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