USA > Indiana > Decatur County > History of Decatur County, Indiana: its people, industries and institutions > Part 44
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CHAPTER XIX.
GERMANS AND THE GERMAN INFLUENCE.
An account of the growth and development of Decatur county would be incomplete did it not make more than passing mention of the German influence that has been exerted there during the past three-quarters of a cen- tury. Germans were not the first settlers of the county. They were not the pio- neers who first wielded the ax and felted the forest trees. Their voice was not heard in the formative period of the county, their arrival being consid- erabty later.
German emigration from the Fatherland started in 1848, after the revolution there, and continued until the formation of the empire in 1871. In this score of years thousands of strong, self-reliant young men from Prussia, Hanover, Bavaria and the other German states poured into the United States. Dissatisfied with conditions at home and seeking a more perfect freedom, they came to this country intent upon establishing homes and remaining here. Local records of these immigrants show that most of them remained.
The Teuton came to the United States with the intention of following so far as possible the same occupation by which he made his livelihood in Germany. This was either in agriculture or in business. Thrifty, industrious and frugal, all he needed was a chance to establish himself and his success was assured.
Decatur county owes much to her German settlers. They came at a time when the best lands of the county were under cultivation and were producing profitable crops. The Germans did not seek this kind of land. What they wanted was that which could be purchased for a few dollars an acre, land which was generally regarded as almost worthless at that time. They made their settlements in Marion and adjacent townships, where the poor woods-land abounds,. and started in to wrest from stubborn soil a liv- ing that would be adequate for their needs.
A less self-reliant race would have flinched from the undertaking; a less competent people would have failed entirely. But they persisted, build-
465
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
ing up the soil as best they could, guarding their slender savings and dili- gently striving to increase their stores. Today, a second or third generation has replaced many of these immigrants, and, practicing the same thrifty precepts inculcated by their sires and grandsires, have made the soil respond kindly to their efforts, have reared commodious barns and comfortable dwellings and made the one-time barren places resplendent with the yellow and gold of harvest time.
Some who had busied themselves in the marts of trade in the Father- land, sought the city in preference to the rural community, engaged in mer- chandising and exchange, and built for themselves a reputation for honest dealing that is a dominant characteristic of the Teuton's contribution to the great American "melting pot."
The annals of Decatur county's German-Americans are brief. Their names appear infrequently in the court docket. They have rarely held or sought public office. They have industriously gone their several ways, minded their own business and permitted their neighbors to do the same without assistance or hindrance ; have reared strong sons and daughters and prepared them for efficient and useful citizenship.
From the time Maximillian Schneider laid out the town of Millhousen and named it Muhlhousen for the ancient municipality in Alsace, German influence in Decatur county has been none the less marked because of its indirectness. A people that does nothing but set standards of living for the emulation of others has done enough.
The roster of these German-American residents of Decatur county is too long for individual discussion, but there are a few who may be taken as illus- trative of the entire list. One of the first among those living might be Louis Zoller, vice-president of two financial institutions and a successful business man. Born in Bavaria, he worked for a time in Berlin, and then came to the United States to try his fortune in this country. He engaged for twenty-one years in the butcher business and then became a partner in a Greensburg dry goods store. He is now retired from active business pur- suits, but the example of his fine success cannot be altogether lost upon a younger generation.
Barney Zapfe was one of the early settlers at Millhousen. He opened a store, made that store earn money, invested the money wisely and died possessed of a comfortable fortune. Barney Hardabeck-another early German-American-bought the first mill built at Millhousen, conducted a store and woollen mill and achieved financial independence. Joe and Julius
(30)
466
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
Rothschield, at Milford, conducted a store and woollen mill, treated the public fairly and honestly, and died wealthy.
John Johannes, president of the St. Paul Building and Loan Associa- tion, started the manufacture of wagons and buggies there upon a small scale, worked early and late, and is now possessed of a comfortable financial rating. John Puttmann, a leading citizen of Newpoint, owning a store and stone quarry and other property, started in life with nothing but the desire to succeed. George Metz, another Newpoint merchant, is also of Ger- man blood, as is also John Hoff, successful business man of that place. Henry Schroeder. Sr., the oklest resident living in Salt Creek township, came from Germany to Decatur county, through Louisville, Kentucky, a poor boy, and made his wealth by honest toil.
John Zollner and H. Kaby, who together monopolize the bakery busi- ness of Greensburg, are German-Americans. Daniel Silberberg, a German Jew, who recently died in New York City after accumulating a fortune, obtained his start to success in Greensburg. John Weimar came to the United States with little more than the shirt he wore upon his back. IIe became a shoemaker in Greensburg and stuck to his last so consistently that when he retired a few years ago he found himself comfortably well-off.
Charles Zoller was elected county treasurer in 1874. Henry Metz became one of the wealthiest farmers in Fugit township and once failed to be elected county commissioner by just one vote. Joe Herbert purchased the Millhousen flour-mill from Barney Hardabeck and managed it with suc- cess and profit.
And so the list might be run through its entirety. None of them achieved more than local distinction, but none of them fell into disrepute at home or abroad. They ran their mills, they garnered their harvests, they watched their tills and yet. withal, found plenty of time for recreation and for service.
Decatur county's naturalization records exist only from 1867, when German immigration was at high tide and almost ready to subside. Since then two hundred and eighty men of foreign birth have been admitted to the privileges and duties of citizenship. Of this number. all but eighty- seven were born in Germany. Following is the list complete :
NATURALIZED CITIZENS.
1867-Caspar Menkhans, Germany; Leopold Bahn, Russia: James Brehemg, England: Caspar Camm, Switzerland .: Henry Eichgara, Germany ; John Miller. France; Caspar Voeka, Germany.
467
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
1868-Frederick Schroder, Germany; Ignatz Borchard, Germany; Henry Winker, Germany; Christopher Horstman, Germany, Christian H. Winker, Jr., Germany; Christian H. Winker. Sr., Germany; Christian Horstman. Germany; William Temaat, Prussia; Deidrick Hudler, Ger- many; George Schever, Germany; William Buch, Prussia; G. Henry Pott- mann, Germany; Nicholas Burgurgh, Germany; Henry Brinkmann, Ger- many : Henry L. Wynkes, Prussia; John. Wack, Germany; Solomon Ganz, Sachsen Weimar: Wendelin Fox, Germany; Henry Shaffer, Germany; John Laubanthal, Prussia; Barney Heidemann, Prussia; Henry Shrader, Germany; Hugh Waters, Ireland; William Rowman, England; Raymond Loarkim, Germany; George Weber, Bavaria; Michael Hannon, Ireland; John Hannon, Ireland: Henry Macke, Germany ; Louis Zoller, Bavaria ; John Goed- ing, Prussia ; Bernard Blenker, Prussia; Luke Moore, Ireland; William Brone, Hanover ; August Buddemier, Prussia ; Chris Mier, Hanover ; Charles H. Mil- ler, Prussia; Frederick Brenner, Prussia; Frederick Miene, Prussia; Christ Chrisler.
1869-Michael Zeigler, Germany.
1870-Michael Hyland, England: Frederick Shrader, Prussia ; Henry Heier, Prussia : George Loslein, Bavaria; Thomas Adams, England; George Corseadden, Ireland; Henry Stretmier, Germany ; George Acheson, Ireland ; Barney Hoeing, Prussia : William F. Deisher, Germany ; Martin Madden, Ire- land : Bernard Talkenberg, Germany ; Martin Monkendorf, Germany ; Andrew Little, England; Louis Schmitt, Bavaria: William Dews, England: Remick Wanner, Germany; John Schild, Switzerland; Herman Freising, Hanover; Henry Hight, England; Joseph Hollander, Bavaria: Peter Fonseth, Holland.
1871-Casper Schnieder., Germany: Thomas Brannon, Ireland; Bar- ney Fritz, Germany; John G. Theurer, Germany.
1872-Henry Schmidt, Germany; Frederick Bauer, Germany ; Freder- ick Hoffman, Germany; Daniel Davarn, Ireland; Philip Borck, Germany ; Henry Schrieber, Germany; Barney Tonyes, Germany; Michael Connally, Ireland ; John Metz, Germany ; Joseph Launderville, England : Edward Ryan, Ireland; John Emmert, Germany; Adam Hartiges, Germany; John Math- ews, Austria; Huber Martin, Austria: Theodore Frazer, England; Isidor Hoek, Germany: Anton Ransch, Germany; Oswald, Switzerland; Joseph Stier, Germany; John Schroth, Germany; Frank H. Mayer, Germany; John F. Waldhans, Germany; Thomas Smith, England; William Rinking, Ger- many; Nicholas Schroth, Bavaria; Diedrick Rilmeyer, Germany; August Want, Germany; Frank H. Holtmeyer, Hanover ; Joseph Bonchard, France ; John Klutz, Germany: Adam Erhart, Germany; Thomas Finn, England ; William Ensemeier, Germany; Leoa Joly, France; William Brunkhorsh,
468
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
Germany: Charles Meyer, Germany: Joseph Edelstein, Russia; Charles Voltz, Germany.
1874-James Davis, Ireland: Anton Minster, Germany; William G. Gommett, Germany; William Huddler. Prussia: Louis Hammer, Germany : Phillip Kanarr, Germany; John Riley, Ireland; John Evans, Germany; John Smith, Sweden; Edward Stolle, Germany; Frank Sieves, Germany; George Stahl, Bavaria; Charles Grumbelbeck, Germany ; L. Joseph Trilling, Prussia ; Michael Greibhuhl, France.
1875-George Wendt, Prussia; William H. Wegener, Germany.
1876-Christian G. Maisch, Germany; Henry Scherschligh, Prussia; George Bessler, Prussia; Tony Halter, France: Frank Wack, Germany; Benjamin Faust, Germany; George Savaller, Canada; Edward Roach, Ire- land: Rudolph Keller, Germany: Edwin Hillier, England; Sichmund Wachtel, Germany : Joseph Hegermann, Germany ; John Coney, France ; Abton Pfeifer, Germany; Peter Haunsz, Germany; Charles Kanarr. Germany; Valentine Goskie, Prussia; Frederick Rentzelmann, Germany: Frank H. Meyer, France; Martin Date, Germany; Ferdinand Pulking, Germany ; Edward Phillips, England; William A. Garrett, England; John Hornung. Germany: Michael Clements, Germany ; . Alfred Maynard, England: Henry Fernading, Germany; Jacob Clementz, France; Harman Thieman, Ger- many; Laurence Hook, Germany; Henry Esaman, Prussia.
1878-Jone E. Jones, England: John Myers, Germany: Reinhold Moehleissen. Wurttemberg: James Farrell, England; John Woods, Eng- land: Alexander Neal, Wurttemberg: Joseph Esebett, France; Parks Tem- pest, England; James Fenn, Ireland; Christian Thrin, Germany; Henry Link, Germany.
1880-Patrick Kearns, Ireland; August Einemann, Germany ; John J. Fauth, Germany; Joseph Bachebele, Germany: John W. Kemper. Germany : William Kuhn. Germany: John Thomas Hock, Germany; Clement F. DeCroes, France : Henry M. Vahlenkamp, Germany: George Reisenweber, Germany; William Haase. Germany: Henry Haase, Germany; Ferdinand Kock, Germany.
1882-Henry Niemann, Germany; Barney Moormann, Germany; Henry Moormann, Germany; Barney Kremer, Germany; George Miller, Germany; Thomas Woods, Ireland; Signond Harsany, Hungary; Falinten Gutting, Germany; John Pohlman, Holland; John B. Blankmann, Germany; Valentine Bork, Germany; George Newberry, England; Joseph Wnger- pfenig, Germany.
1884-Gottlieb Holzwarth, Germany: Henry Weis, Germany; Joseph Parker, England: Martin Kelly, England: Jacob Knarr, Germany; Charles
469
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
Boahnka, Germany; Patrick Griffin, England; John W. Melloh, Germany; Bvordem Esche, Germany: Wilhelm Bachmann, Germany; Henry Dreves, Germany; John Woods, England; Henry Ortman, Germany; August Wucherpfennig, Germany; Rudolph Keller, Germany; Bernard Busche, Germany; Frederick O. Mobius, Germany: Frederick Pfeifer, Germany ; Alfred Eggers, Germany; Christian Link, Germany.
1886-John N. Stier, Germany; Michael Darmedy, Ireland: Herman Westerfield. Germany; William Westerfeld, Germany; Nicholass Hennen- fent. - Germany: Jacob M. F. Henrichs, Germany; Frank H. Vollmer. Ger- many ; Clamor Seibert, Germany; Henry Seibert, Germany: Joseph Herel, Germany; John Zollner, Germany; Henry Kriger, Germany.
1888-John Henry Picker, Germany; Joseph Litman, Germany; Henry Thielking, Germany; John Thompson, Scotland: John Ferlan, Germany; John Bessler, Germany; Henry Vogel, Germany; Henry W. Cosfoid, Eng- land: Louis Holler, Germany; Adam Knerr, Germany.
1889-Albert Wucherpfebbig. Germany; Henry P. Welker, Germany.
1890-William H. Barthel. Sweden: Christopher Miller, Germany ; Henry Rabjahns Lune; England; John Siemer. Germany ; Jolm M. Krone, Germany.
1891-Fred Weyt, Germany: Barney Hoeing. Prussia.
1892-Andrew Miller, Germany: Joseph Schnoitgoke, Germany: Jacob Levenson. Russia; John Byer. Prussia ; Joseph Byer, Prussia ; Gustavo Wull- schleger, Switzerland; Philip Thompson, England; Joseph Moorman, Ger- many; John G. Mayor, Germany: John Adams, Germany: Carl Parsch, Germany.
1894-Nicholas Rosenstengel, Germany: Joseph Lammardauk, Ger- many: William G. Haddade, Syria, Asia; Frank Ployer, Germany; Jacob Bender, Germany; August Price, Germany; John Geisel, Switzerland; Clem Austing, Germany; Fred Austing, Germany; John C. Stier, Germany; Mike Miser, Russia.
1896-Lauvit H. Schelva, Norway; John Schneider, Germany: Louis Levenstein. Russian Poland ; John Gettelenger, Germany.
1898-John Kuert, Switzerland: Christian Weimes, Germany; Albert Keen, Germany.
1900-James Donohue, Ireland.
1901-Frederick Ehrhard. Germany.
1907-Sam Levenstein, Russia.
1909-Jacob Telles, Austria.
1910-Henry Nieman, Germany.
1912-Johan W. Hilland, Sweden.
CHAPTER XX.
EARLY ELECTIONS IN DECATUR COUNTY.
There is no more interesting field to the historian than that of politics and in no field is it so difficult to arrive at definite conclusions. It is natural that newspapers should set forth the virtues of the political party which they support and at the same time try to discount any possible merits which opposition parties might have. In the early history of our country this fea- ture was more pronounced than it is today, although there are still partisan papers which would have their readers believe that their particular party had a monopoly on all the political wisdom of the country. In the days of Jackson, in the thirties and forties, party spirit ran high, and opposition papers vied with each other in vitriolic remarks. To the Jackson followers, John Quincy Adams was the acme of aristocracy, the arch enemy of democ- racy and a man who hated the common herd. On the other hand, the fol- lowers of Adams pictured the old warrior as a Mephistopheles, a demon with a fire-brand in each hand and a man who would plunge his country into anarchy. Even gentle and unassuming as William Henry Harrison was, the Democratic papers made him out as a disciple of the Evil One, a man who made a diet of whiskey alone and a weakling who had neither brains nor courage. Such, in general, was the condition of politics up to 1840.
STATE POLITICS (1816-24).
The first vote for President in Indiana was taken in 1824. In 1816 and 1820 the Presidential electors had been chosen by the state Legislature. There were no clearly defined parties in the state during the eight years preceding 1824. All were followers of Jefferson and called themselves Republicans. However, no boss ever controlled a state more perfectly than did Governor Jennings the young state of Indiana. He lived at Jefferson- ville, where he could take advantage of the anti-slavery sentiment and the desire of the people to move the capital to the center of the state. William Hendricks, of Madison, and Senator James Noble, of Brookville, were the other members of this early triumvirate.
471
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
It was against these conditions the people of the state rose in rebellion under Jackson-an attempt by the common people to take a hand in the · government. The leaders tried to head off the uprising, but were unsuc- cessful. Clay had a strong following in all parts of the state. It was thought the people could agree on him. Admirers of Clay got together and put an electoral ticket in the field.
In the meantime the reputation of Jackson was rapidly spreading. His services in the Revolution, in the Creek War and at New Orleans helped, but his chief claim to popular support was the fact that he was not a politi- cian. "He knows nothing of politics," was the argument of his friends.
Straw votes were taken at the county musters. At Richmond such a vote showed 116 for Adams, 37 for Jackson and 8 for Clay. One at Spen- cer, Owen county, gave Jackson 57; Clay, 42, and Adams, 9. One at Law- renceburg gave Jackson 305, Clay, 90, and Adams, 70. One at Indianapo- lis gave Clay 158, Adams 2, and Jackson 2. In Washington county a straw vote gave Jackson 88 out of a total of 132.
Pursuant to call, the state convention of Jackson men met in the court house at Salem, September 18, 1824. Eighteen delegates, representing thir- teen counties, were present. Each delegate was required to present his properly signed credentials before being admitted. Samuel Milroy, of Washı- ington county, was made chairman. Jacob Call, of Vincennes, was made secretary. David Robb, Samuel Milroy, Elias McNamee, Jonathan McCarty and John Carr were placed on the electoral ticket.
The platform was unique. It was, first of all, a eulogy of Jackson. He was heralded as the second Washington. Just as George Washington had shown himself a trusty statesman, so would General Jackson prove to be. Alexander, Caesar and Napoleon had tyrannized over a corrupt people. Jack- son came to rescue the people from corruption. The present officers, it was pointed out, were engaged primarily in petty thieving, and no less a master than Old Hickory would be necessary to drive the money changers from the temple.
It would be interesting to know how the campaign was carried on, but the records fail us. Jackson carried twenty-four counties and received 7.343 votes in the state. Clay carried twenty-six counties, with 5,315 votes. Adams carried two counties, with 3.093 votes. In general. Clay was supported by the politicians. Adams by the settlers from the East and Jackson by those from the South.
472
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN DECATUR COUNTY.
Care has been taken to examine the early election returns in Decatur county, and below follow some interesting facts and figures :
The following was the vote cast at the first election ever held for Presi- dential electors in Indiana, November 6, 1824. There was no contest in 1820, when James Monroe was re-elected, hence no election. There could not have been an election in Decatur county anyway, because the county was not organized until 1822.
Decatur county entered the political arena by casting a preference for Henry Clay. There were only 144 votes cast in the county, as follows :
Clay
Jackson
Adams
Washington
41
52
II
Fugit
2.1
3
6
Sand Creek
7
0
0
-
Total
72
55
17
Plurality for Clay, 17.
It will be observed that if the Adams men had voted with the Jackson men, it would have been a tie. Adams township, which contained about the same number of voters as Fugit, was not counted by the returning board on the ground that the returns had not been properly made. The election com- missioners were Samuel Bryan, Andrew McCoy and Martin Adkins. The record was made to Henry H. Talbott, county clerk, who made out the report. which was duly signed by the three gentlemen named above. There is no list of the names of voters, which would be of interest had they been preserved.
At this election, and also in 1828, Indiana was entitled to only five elec- tors. In 1832 the number was increased to nine, and Indiana began to cut quite a figure in national elections.
THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1828.
During the four years between 1824 and 1828 the voting population of Decatur county increased from 144 to 638, or more than fourfold. General Jackson was again a candidate, and, although he carried the state by 22,237 votes against 17,625 for Adams, he did not carry Decatur county, although he did run a pretty good "hickory."
1
!
473
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
The vote was as follows :
Adams
Jackson
Washington
259
211
Fugit
28
44
Adams
28
33
Clay
I
1
1
1
I
I
23
4
Total
346
292
Adams's majority, 54.
Sand Creek township failed to record her vote, although she cast seven votes in 1824. The election commissioners were Ben Jones, Griffey Griffiths, Isaiah Kimble and William Hopkins.
THE FIRST COUNTY ELECTION IN 1823.
The first county election in Decatur county was held on Monday, August 4, 1823. to elect a state senator for eight counties, Marion, Madison, Hamilton, Johnson, Henry, Rush, Shelby and Decatur ; a member of the House for four counties, Henry, Rush, Shelby and Decatur ; a county commissioner, and to decide whether a convention should be held.
For senator, John Brison led with 163 votes; James Gregory, 76; S. G. Mitchell, 21 ; scattering, 7.
For representative, William Hendricks, 126: John Hopkins, 82: Griggs, 24, Glass, IO.
The vote for commissioner was as follows :
Washington
Fugit
Adams
William Parks
125
13
I
William Henderson
6
61
40
James Long
I
2
Total
1.45
75
43
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
I
-
For convention, 43.
Against convention, 208.
Parks had been appointed one of the first three by Governor Jennings. The other two members were Seth Lowe and William Harbard.
There were then only three townships. Washington township was in the center and ran from east to west, the entire breadth of the county, embracing what is now Marion, Sand Creek. Jackson, Clay, Washington and Salt Creek
I
-
474
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
townships. Fugit had its present limits and the eastern half of Clinton town- ship. Adams embraced its present territory and the western half of Clinton township. It is interesting to note how sparsely settled the county must have been at that time. Washington township cast only 104 votes in 1824. Prob- ably half of these voters lived outside of the then struggling little village of Greensburg, which could not possibly have had a population of over 300 souls, and was only two and a half years old.
FIRST TOWNSHIP ELECTIONS.
The first election of any kind held in the county was the township election held on June 1, 1822, to elect justices of the peace. Two justices were elected in Washington and one in each of the other townships. In Washington the election was held at the home of Thomas Hendricks, with Richard Hall as inspector; in Fugit at the home of Thomas Throp, with Isaac Darnell as inspector ; in Adams at the home of Edward Tanner, with Paul Brown as inspector. William Miller and William O. Ross were appointed constables for Washington; Henry Hobbs for Fugit, and Solomon Robinson and Daniel Howard for Adams, by the county commissioners.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1832.
In 1824 Henry Clay received 72 votes in the county, AAndrew Jackson 55. and J. Q. Adams 17. In 1828 J. Q. Adams received 346 and Jackson 292. It will be observed that the pioneer fathers and grandfathers of Decatur county showed a decided preference for Henry Clay and the Whig party. The voting population was increasing rapidly. In 1832 the vote was as follows :
Clay
Jackson
Washington
429
276
Fugit
1
1
1
40
16
Clinton
I
I
1
1
1
1
19
9
Adams
22
34
Clay
20
41
Sand Creek
9
29
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 I 1
Total
539
405
1
I
I
1
I
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1 I
Clay's majority, 134.
475
DECATUR COUNTY, INDIANA.
Marion township was organized, but did not vote for some reason. The vote in the state was: Clay, 15.472; Jackson, 31,552.
-
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1836.
It was not until 1836 that all the townships lined up and voted for Presi- dent. The result was as follows :
Harrison
Van Buren
Washington
590
274
Fugit
98
54
Clinton
1
1
1
I
1
24
19
Adamıs
97
34
Clay
67
75
Jackson
20
7
Sand Creek
31
35
Marion
8
I
Salt Creek
15
II
Total
950
513
Harrison's majority, 437.
Harrison carried the state with 41,281 votes to 32,480 cast for Van Buren, but the latter was elected.
In 1840 the total vote again got a big boost, and the Whig majority con- tinued to increase. Clay and Jackson townships were the only ones that went Democratic. The result was as follows :
Harrison
Van Buren
Washington
729
331
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