USA > Indiana > Fayette County > History of Fayette County, Indiana : her people, industries and institutions > Part 31
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CHAPTER XII.
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
There is no more interesting chapter in the history of Fayette county than the one dealing with its physicians. More than one hundred years ago the followers of Æsculapius were plying their profession in this county, and during the century which has passed since the first physician arrived there have heen at least ninety who have been identified for a greater or less period with the county. There may have been more, but the names of that many have been preserved. Local medical societies have not kept a com- plete list of the physicians and for this reason it has not been possible to get all who have practiced in the county, or more than the most meager data concerning most of them.
The first physicians were usually trained in the office of some practi- tioner and were without any college training. Doctors Mason and Chit- wood trained probably a score of the physicians of the county, Doctor Mason for many years always having one or more young men in his office prepar- ing themselves for the profession. The early physicians made free use of native herbs and "yarb" doctors were to be found everywhere, many of them attracting their patients by advertising that they would use no calomel. Most of the physicians prior to the Civil War period made all of their own medicines, and some of these remedial compounds were fearful concoctions. There was nothing the old-time doctor would not attempt to cure. A search of old physicians' records shows that they had specified cures for such diseases as scrofula, rheumatism and consumption. One physician of the thirties used whiteoak bark for one disease, redoak for another, blackoak for another. and a judicious mixture of the three for still another.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF DR. WILSON THOMPSON.
Dr. A. J. Fletcher, of Connersville, has in his possession the account, book of Dr. Wilson Thompson, but there is nothing in the old ledger to indicate that he ever practiced in Fayette county, nor has any reference to a physician of that name been found in the county. Doctor Fletcher picked
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the ledger up in Harrison township. On the fly-leaf the old doctor says that he began practice in January, 1830. However, the same prescriptions used by Thompson were widely used in Fayette county. The day-by-day charges from January 1, 1830, to May 4, 1831, do not indicate where he was prac- ticing, but from that date to the end of the ledger book ( November 24. 1834) he was located at Lebanon, Ohio.
The old record is interesting in showing the charges for medical services in those days, ranging from six and a quarter cents upward. It also con- tains a number of prescriptions, three of which are given in the old doctor's own words:
For "King's Evil."-Rock salt pulverized and aplied on a fine cloth next to the wound and wash with the same in solution.
To Cure the Cancer .- Ashes of the barke of Red Oke made In lie and boiled down to the consistance of molasses, spred this on leather and apply to the sore for 90 minutes, renue . it . every 90 minutes. for three times, then follow with salve of Rosin, beeswax and sheeps tallow .
Cure for Rhumetism-Take one quart of whiskey, one pound tobacco. 12 pods red pepper, steep the tobacco and pepper together in water, then add the whisky and 1 pound hog's lard and boil them together till the whisky and water is evaporated. then strain.
Just how this latter fearful concoction or decoction was to be taken. whether inwardly or outwardly, in long or short doses, by the spoonful or by drops, the good old doctor fails to state.
EARLY PHYSICIANS OF FAYETTE COUNTY.
Among the earliest physicians who settled in Fayette county were John Bradburn, James Thomas, Joseph Moffitt, Temple E. Gayle and Joseph S. Burr.
Doctor Bradburn was a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and as early as 1814 settled within the limits of Fayette county in the vicinity of Harrisburg. The doctor's experience as a practitioner in this county was marred by a fearful tragedy in which he became instrumental in the death of two young men in the spring of 1825. . Shortly afterward, the doctor removed to the southern part of the state, and later to the vicinity of Brook- ville, where he died.
Doctor Thomas was born in New York and was one of the colony of immigrants that settled in the vicinity of Harrisburg in 1819, and. formed what was commonly known as the "Yankee Settlement." He was a college graduate and for years was a successful practitioner in the county.
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Dr. Joseph Moffit was another physician who came from the East and settled in the village of Connersville. He came to this county in 1820, a graduate of Yale, and was a man well versed in his profession. He died in 1833.
A ROOT DOCTOR,
About this time Burr and Gayle came to Connersville and began the practice of medicine. Burr was a doctor who utterly denounced "doctor larnin' ", as he spoke of it and based his cures entirely upon the "root" sys- tem, common sense, and a knowledge of human nature. The story is told that a few days after he arrived in the village there appeared nailed to the weather-boarding of the hotel an enormous swamp-lily root almost as large as an average size man, with head, eyes, ears, nose and mouth nicely carved, arms and legs with feet stuck on, and just above the sign on a board, marked with chalk, "Joseph S. Burr, Root Doctor; No Calomel." The news of the arrival of the root doctor spread over the country like wild-fire, and hundreds came from all parts of the county to see the doctor and the big root.
Doctor Moffit looked upon the strange root doctor as a quack, intending to gull the people, and spoke of him freely with the utmost contempt, while on the other hand the root doctor openly charged Doctor Moffit with killing his patients with calomel. The people soon began to take sides, some for roots and some for calomel. It was a sickly season and a great many of Doctor Moffit's patients died. Each case of death was referred to by the root doctor as evidence that the calomel doctor was killing the people and many believed the slander. Doctor Moffit was at length almost driven to despair, and called upon O. H. Smith to bring action for slander against Doctor Burr. Smith at first objected but ultimately yielded at the urgent request of the doctor. The action was brought and some five of the attorneys of the circuit were engaged on each side. The trial lasted for more than a week; the lawyers distinguished themselves and the evidence pro and con left the case in doubt in the minds of the jury and bystanders whether the people died "with the fever" or were killed by the "calomel doctors." The widow of a man who had recently died was called as a witness by Doctor Burr. Doctor Moffit remarked as the witness was brought into court, "that he had him now, as he. could prove by a witness in court that her husband died before he got there." The jury failed to agree and was discharged and the case was continued. The root doctor ran away and the suit was dismissed by Doctor Moffit.
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DIPLOMAS EASILY ACQUIRED.
The effect of this trial upon the practice of medicine in Fayette county, as well as upon the necessary qualifications to practice, was prodigious. Doc- tor Burr had been granting diplomas to his students upon three weeks' study, and as a result the country was soon filled with root doctors. One of his graduates, by the name of Thomas T. Chinn, a constable three weeks before, barely able to write his name, sallied - forth with his diploma to the then "New Purchase" as Doctor Chinn. His sign-"Root Doctor and no Calo- mel"-flung to the public eye upon newly-painted boards hung upon the limb of a tree near his log cabin, but he was soon relegated to medical oblivion.
Dr. Philip Mason, another "Yankee," was born on December 10, 1793, in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and settled in what is now Fayette county in 1816. He served as one of the Franklin county commissioners when Fay- ette county was a part of that county. In 1824 he finished his course of reading and clinical studies under Doctor Moffitt, of Connersville, and began the practice of medicine at his farm in Columbia township, where he remained until the spring of 1827, when he removed to the village of Danville (now Orange) and there in connection with Dr. Jefferson Helm continued his practice. Upon the death of Doctor Gayle, in the following fall, Doctor Mason moved to Connersville. In 1829 he was elected the first probate judge of Fayette county, and served as such until. 1834. He later served in the Legislature. He practiced in Connersville and also operated a drug and book store for a few years. He died on April 25, 1869.
SOME OTHER PIONEER PRACTITIONERS.
Temple E. Gayle came to Connersville early in the twenties and was soon recognized as a practitioner of superior qualifications. He died in October, 1827, at the age of thirty-two. A local paper in commenting on him after his death said of him: "As a man of talent the doctor was excelled by few, if any, in the state; as a practicing physician he was eminently successful and popular." .
Jefferson Helm was born in Mason county, Kentucky, in 1803. He located in Connersville in the twenties and studied with Doctor Moffitt and Doctor Mason, being licensed to practice in 1827. He first started to practice in Orange township, later moving to Glenwood and in 1845 permanently set- tling in Rushville, where he died in 1888.
(22)
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Hayman W. Clark studied with Doctor Moffitt and Doctor Mason at the same time that Doctor Helm was in their office and was admitted to practice in 1827. No record of his future career has been found.
Samuel Miller and Charles Brown complete the list of physicians who located in the county in the twenties, but little is known of either. Miller came from Dayton, Ohio, in 1828, while Brown is known only from the fact that he advertised his appearance in Connersville by an announcement in the local paper in 1830. The later career of both men is unknown.
Ryland T. Brown, a native of Lewis county, Kentucky, located in Rush county, Indiana, in 1821. For a time he acted as a guide for land seekers, later attending Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. He was graduated from +hat institution in 1829 and in August, 1832, located at Connersville, where he formed a partnership with Doctor Mason. It seems that Doctor. Brown was the owner of the Indiana Telegraph in the early forties. In 1853 he was appointed state geologist by Governor Wright and filled the office until 1859. In 1858 he was elected to the chair of natural science in the Northwestern Christian University at Indianapolis. He was the author of a well known text-book in its day, "Brown's Physiology."
D. D. Hall, a native of Virginia, located in Connersville in the thirties, and with the exception of a few months of service in the Civil War as surgeon of the Thirty-sixth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, continued to practice in the city until his death, June 20, 1871.
ROLL OF PRACTITIONERS IN 1846.
During the period prior to the Civil War a number of physicians located either at Connersville or at some of the villages in the county, but definite information is lacking concerning most of those early practitioners. In 1846 the following physicians were practicing in the county: Connersville -- Philip Mason, Samuel Miller, D. D. Hall, John Arnold, E. A. Bacon and S. W. Hughes; Columbia, township -- Greenburg Steele; Alquina-Alfred Ruby; Columbia township George Winchel; Harrisburg-U. B .. Tingley ; Water- loo-Amos Chapman ; Everton-Presley Libay; Orange township-Edward Daniels.
.One of the most famous of the early physicians of the county was George R. Chitwood, the father of the late Dr. Joshua Chitwood and Dr. Frank .A. Chitwood, now practicing in Connersville. The senior. Chitwood was born in Gallia county, Ohio, May 10, 1805, and was licensed to practice medicine and surgery in 1830. The following year he located at Mt. Carmel,
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in Franklin county, Indiana, and remained there for a few years. In 1835-36 he attended lectures at Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, and in 1837 located in Liberty, in Union county, Indiana. In 1846 he was granted the degree of doctor of medicine by the Western Reserve Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1849 he located in Connersville and for the next ten years devoted himself to private practice. In 1859 he was elected to the chair of general pathology and physical diagnosis in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. The following year he was transferred to the chair of obstetrics and diseases of women and children, holding that position for six consecu- tive sessions.
In 1861 a directory of the town credited it with nine physicians: G. W. Barber, G. R. Chitwood, Joshua Chitwood, V. H. Gregg, D. D. Hall, S. W. Hughes, James M. Justice, W. J. Pepper, S. W. Vance and Philip Mason.
FAYETTE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.
On May 24, 1856, the physicians of Fayette county met and effected an organization, calling it the Whitewater Valley Medical Society. In the tem- porary organization Dr. G. R. Chitwood presided and Dr. Samuel W. Vance acted as secretary. Permanent organization was effected by the election of the following officers: Dr. Amos Chapman, of Alquina, president; Dr. W. W. Taylor, of Vienna (Glenwood), vice-president ; Dr. Samuel W. Vance, of Connersville, recording secretary ; Dr. L. D. Sheets, of Liberty, corresponding secretary : Dr. D. D. Hall, of Connersville, treasurer : Dr. Daniel Frembly, Dr. George R. Chitwood and Dr. O. S. Ramsey, censors. The following were charter members of the society: Dr. Samuel Miller, Dr. D. D. Hall, Dr. Amos Chapman, Dr. P. S. Silvey, Dr. W. J. Pepper, Dr. D. Fremley, Dr. W. W. Taylor, Dr. Samuel W .. Vance, Dr. H. W. Hazzard, Dr. A. H. Thomp- son. Dr. G. R. Chitwood, Dr. M. F. Miller, Dr. C. D. B. O'Ryan, Dr. V. H. Gregg. Dr. R. T. Gillum, Dr. U. B. Tingley and Dr. O. S. Ramsey.
At the annual meeting held on April 22, 1858, the society was dissolved by mutual consent of its officers and members, and on May I of the same year, the physicians of the county met at the court house and founded the Fayette County Medical Society with the following officers: Dr. U. B. Tingley, president ; Dr. P. S. Silvey, vice-president; Dr. Samuel W. Vance, corresponding and recording secretary; Doctor Gregg, Doctor Pepper and Doctor Chapman, censors. The society retained its working organization until the breaking out of the Civil-War, when its deliberations were quietly discontinued in the general suspense that followed the first clash of arms.
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FAYETTE COUNTY, INDIANA.
REORGANIZATION OF THE SOCIETY.
During the four years of strife, no attempt was made to reorganize the society, but after the establishment of peace and the readjustment of natural conditions, a reorganization was effected. In 1866 the society was reorgan- ized with the following membership: Dr. D. D. Hall, Dr. W. J. Pepper, Dr. Samuel W. Vance, Dr. G. R. Chitwood, Dr. Joshua Chitwood, Dr. V. H. Gregg, Dr. U. B. Tingley, Dr. G. W. Garver, Dr. A. Koogler, Dr. J. G. Larimore, Dr. W. H. Smith and Dr. R. W. Sipe. The latter three represented respectively Waterloo, Fairview and Fayetteville.
In 1879 the society became a member of the Indiana State Medical Society, but in so doing had to reorganize and draft a new constitution. Pursuant to the reorganization the following officers were elected: Dr. Samuel W. Vance, president; Dr. W. J. Pepper, vice-president ; Dr. Joshua Chitwood, secretary; Dr. V. H. Gregg, treasurer; Dr. S. N. Hamilton, Dr. George R. Chitwood and Dr. G. A. Sigler, censors. 1 ..
The organization is still maintained in 1917, but it does not hold regular meetings. Most of the physicians of the county belong to it as well as to the Indiana State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. The physicians of the county in 1917 include the following practitioners: Irvin E. Booher, F. A. Chitwood, J. H. Clark, B. W. Cooper, L. D. Dillman, W. R. Phillips, R. H. Elliott, A. J. Fletcher, J. H. Johnson, J. R. Mountain, H. S. Osborn, W. J. Porter, J. S. Rice, M. Ross, J. M. Sample, H. W. Smelser, Bernard R. Smith and Frank J. Spillman.
The principles of osteopathy were introduced in Fayette county largely through the efforts of Dr. J. H. Baughman, a graduate of Dr. A.' T. Still's original school of osteopathy at Kirksville, Missouri. Doctor Baughman practiced in the county about a dozen years, retiring late in 1916, with the intention of taking up special practice in a metropolitan city. He was suc- ceeded by Dr. G. C. Flick, who is now actively engaged in osteopathic gen- eral practice.
Besides these followers of the healing arts, Dr. A. T. Sweatland is engaged in chiropractic work.
Mention may also be made of Glen L. Brown, who has, as superintendent of the Fayette Sanatorium, administered curative baths and massages. Such services, as well as electric applications, are offered by J. N. Whiteis, who carries after his name in the telephone directory and in other advertising,
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the mystic and awe-inspiring symbols "J. J. J." In connection with the med- ical profession should be mentioned the name of Roy C. McKennon, a manu- facturing and analytical chemist, who has done much work for the profession, particularly urinalysis. It should also be mentioned that Dr. Joseph R. Mountain, a prominent general practice physician, has installed a very com- plete X-ray photographic equipment, which he uses very extensively for his own practice and for other physicians.
The physicians of the county have uniformly been active in all phases of the county's development. Doctor Mason was a probate judge for several years and also served with distinction in the General Assembly of the state. Dr. R. T. Brown later became state geologist. Dr. G. R. Chitwood and his son, Joshua, were also prominently identified with the varied interests of the county. Of the many physicians since the time of the Civil War who are now deceased, the names of Doctor Hamilton, Doctor Hughes, Doctor Vance, Doctor Gregg and Doctor Sipe are among the best remembered. Doctor Derbyshire is credited with being the first man in the county to own an automobile.
PHYSICIANS OF FAYETTE COUNTY FOR ONE HUNDRED YEARS.
The following alphabetical list of physicians has been compiled from the records of the local County Medical Society, the files of the newspapers. city directories, volumes of O. H. Smith and Philip Mason, the "Medical History of Indiana" (Dr. G. W. Kemper) and from conversations with old residents and the several physicians still living in the county. In this list are some who may hardly be called orthodox physicians, but the his- torian has called all those who practiced the healing art by this title. Con- cerning many of these ninety-three physicians very little is known, other than that they practiced in the county for a time. A volume could easily be written about the medical profession as it has existed in Fayette county, but the limits of this chapter forbid such a procedure. The days when the phy- sician was also a dentist are still recalled by old citizens. One Merchant Kelly of Harrisburg, while primarily a dentist and public-school teacher, was also a "pill doser." Among the scores of healers of many different varieties who have appeared in the county, this Kelly seems to have left a distinct impression on the minds and jaws of a large number of people.
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FAYETTE COUNTY, INDIANA.
DENTIST MADE HIS OWN TOOLS.
Kelly was probably the first professional dentist in the county and the stories of his dental operations are still current. He made all of his own tools and invariably filled teeth with gold, although Doctor Mason advised filling them with tin-foil. Kelly was never seen in a vehicle, but, eschewing such transportation as beneath the dignity of a man of his profession, he was wont to traverse the county on foot, carrying all of his dental para- phernalia in a large carpet-bag. One of his operations has been graphically described to the historian, the reciter of the story being the daughter of the victim.
The patient had a very sore tooth and asked Kelly to extract the offending member. Preliminary to the actual extraction, the patient was asked to lay flat on his back out in the yard, and then with one knee on his victim's breast and a clamp securely fastened to what was supposed to be the tooth in question, Kelly began a tortuous, twisting movement which resulted in two teeth being violently and painfully pulled from their sockets- but, strange to add, he had not only extracted two instead of one, but had actually missed the one causing the trouble. It is not on record what the victim ' said or did, but Kelly did not pull any more teeth for him.
ROSTER OF FAYETTE COUNTY PHYSICIANS.
The complete list of physicians-and those claiming such designation- follows: John Arnold, E. A. Bacon, G. W. Barber, Charles Barnes, J. H. Baughman, Hugh Beaton, Irwin E. Booher, John Bradburn, Charles Brown, Ryland T. Brown, Thomas Buchanan, Joseph S. Burr, Daniel W. Butler, Byles, Amos Chapman, Thomas T. Chinn, Frank A. Chitwood, George R. Chitwood, John E. Chitwood, Joshua Chitwood, Hayman W. Clark, J. H. Clark, B. W. Cooper, Jonathan Cox, James J. Dailey, Omer E. Dale, Edward Daniels, A. W. Daum, Ephraim Derbyshire, Lurton D. Dillman, Roy H. Elliott, A. J. Fletcher, James Ford, O. P. M. Ford, G. C. Flick, Daniel Frembly, George W. Garver, J. T. Gassard, Temple E. Gayle, R. T. Gillum, Stanton E. Gordin, Cameron Gossett, A. Graham, Vincent H. Gregg, Haines, D. D. Hall, E. Everett Hamilton, Samuel N. Hamilton, H. W. Hazzard, Jefferson Helm, J. H. Hoag, Frank G. Hornung, Samuel W. Hughes, J. H. Johnston, A. C. Jones, George E. Jones, James M. Justice, A. Koogler, H. M. Lambertson, J. D. Larimore, Pressly Libay, V. D. Lud-
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wick, D. H. McAbee, D. D. McDougall, G. W. McNutt, Philip Mason, M. F. Miller, Samuel Miller, Joseph Moffit, Joseph R. Mountain, C. D. B. O'Ryan, H. S. Osborn, W. J. Paxton, William J. Pepper, W. J. Porter, W. R. Phillips, O. B. Ramsey, J. S. Rice, Richardson, M. Ross, Alfred Ruby, J. M. Sample, I .. D. Sheets, S. D. Shepard, G. A. Sigler, P. S. Silvey, Richard W. Sipe, H. W. Smelzer, B. R. Smith, W. H. Smith, Caleb Smith, F. J. Spilman, Greenbury Steele, A. T. Sweetland. W. W. Taylor, James Thomas, Alex- ander D. Tyrrell, A. H. Thompson, John Turner, Samuel W. Vance, John Wall,Elias Webster, George Winchel, J. N, Whiteis, Uriah B. Tingley.
CHAPTER XIII.
BANKS AND BANKING.
The history of early banking in Connersville is enveloped in more or less obscurity and it is impossible to trace with any degree of accuracy the history of the private banks which existed prior to 1852. Connersville evi- dently did not have a bank chartered by the state until after the present Con- stitution was adopted in 1851, although some of the early merchants carried on a banking business for the convenience of their customers. Most of this so-called banking consisted of buying and selling notes and the handling of paper currency issued by the merchants themselves. During the flourishing days of the old White Water canal there was very little specie in circulation in the state, practically all of the currency being in the form of bank paper of various kinds, and the "shin-plasters" issued by the merchants. When the Legislature chartered a state bank in 1834, the act establishing the bank divided the state into ten districts and provided that the directors should select one town in each district for the branch bank.
Fayette county was placed in the third district with the counties of Union, Rush, Wayne, Henry, Delaware and Randolph. The bank for the district was located at Richmond by the directors, Newton Claypool, Elijah Coffin and Achilles Williams. Claypool was then a resident of Connersville. If there was a bank of deposit in Connersville during the lifetime of the state bank chartered in 1834, it was a private concern and not a part of the state system.
The Constitution of 1851 provided for a state bank (Art. XI.) and the Legislature of the following year passed an act formally establishing a state bank. The act was dated May 18, 1852, and was to go into effect on the Ist of the following July. Connersville was one of the first fifteen banks organized in conformance with this act, the state bank directors reporting that many as being actually organized by December, 1852.
Of the first fifteen banks organized in 1852 the Bank of Connersville, as it was designated, started out with twice as much capital as any of the other banks, its original capital stock being $400,000.
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DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING.
This bank was opened for business in the rear of Frybarger's store which stood at the southwest corner of Central avenue and Fifth street, However, it was not long after the institution was opened before it was able to build a three-story brick building which stood on Central avenue between Fourth and Fifth streets. The first president of this bank was George Fry- barger, later followed by A. B. Conwell. The Fayette County Bank was opened sometime in 1853 in the building which stood at the southeast corner of Central avenue and Fourth street, and which is now used as the Palace hotel. The stockholders of this bank included such men as Newton Clay- pool, L. D. Allen, Henry Goodlander. Minor Meeker, Josiah Mullikin, Henry Simpson and Meredith Helm. The cashier of this bank was L. D. Allen and when the board of directors replaced him with E. F. Claypool in 1854, he at once started a bank of his own, calling it the Savings Bank of Indiana.
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