History of Greene and Sullivan Counties, State of Indiana, Part 23

Author: Goodspeed Bros. & Co.
Publication date: 1884
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 901


USA > Indiana > Greene County > History of Greene and Sullivan Counties, State of Indiana > Part 23
USA > Indiana > Sullivan County > History of Greene and Sullivan Counties, State of Indiana > Part 23


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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THE COUNTRY SCHOOLS OF THE TOWNSHIP.


The first school in what was Eel River Township was taught by George Baber about the year 1821 in a little log house which stood not far


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from the residence of Caleb Jessup. A man named Sargent was the sec- ond teacher; Ephraim Owen, the third; Luke Philbert, the fourth; -Bray, the fifth; Joseph Saddler, the sixth; and Amos Roark the seventh. Nearly all the early families of the township sent to these early schools. A schoolhouse was erected near Jessup's, where school was taught for many years; another was built at the graveyard, near John Sanders'. Campbell and Armstrong were the first teachers in the southern part of Jefferson. A schoolhouse was built as early as 1826, on Section 21, which was used for eight or ten years constantly. Several of the early township election's were held at this house. The Craig Mill was also used for the early elections. Campbell taught in the school- house on Section 21, and had a large school; among the scholars being John H. Dixson, Pryor Dixson, William Dizson, Merritt and Ham Jami- son, Joseph and Maria Fields, the Staloup boys, Frank and Verlin Jessup, Harrison, Benjamin and A. J. Huey, Levi and Maria . Shoe- maker, Robert and Alexander Craig and several of the Winter's, Inmans, Smiths, Crances and others. In 1830, there were five or six schoolhouses in Jefferson and Eel River Townships. As early as 1822, Eli Dixson was appointed Superintendent of the 16th Section, Township 8 north, Range 5 west, which was offered for sale by him, and as fast as the land was disposed of the fund was used to support the public schools. This, however, was but a small pittance. Among the pioneer preachers were the old Revolutionary soldiers, Hugh Barnes, Elder James Arm- strong, Rev. Eli P. Farmer, of Monroe County; Rev. Abraham Kearns, Rev. Obadiah Winters. The first camp-meeting was held in the woods, north of old Fairplay, and there many famous ones were afterward held.


SHAKERS AND JOHN O'BANYON.


The statement is made that there were three unsuccessful attempts tr found a village at Point Commerce, before success was achieved Whether such attempts were really made, or whether the fact of the arrival there of three separate collections of home-seekers gave rise to this belief, it is not a matter of great importance to inquire; but it is a fact that three groups of settlers arrived at that point, disembarked, and prepared to found permanent homes. The first of these was the four or five families which came in 1818 from Ohio down the White River and up Eel River, the leading man being John O'Banyon. They built two or three cabins on the present site of Point Commerce, but within a few months scattered, and this settlement became non est. In the same year (1818), Alezander Craig, a devout Shaker from Busseron Creek, Sullivan County, accompanied by his own and five or six other families, came to Point Commerce for permanent settlement. Of course, the place was not then known as Point Commerce. It was regarded, however, as an important site for future commercial enterprises. Water, then, was the


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great channel for floating the products of trade, and settlements sprang up along the streams. The point at the junction of White and Eel Rivers was high and dry, and the rivers both navigable for all kinds of water craft of that early day. Among the very first to live at Point Commerce were Alexander Craig, John O'Banyon, John Inman, Charles Inman, Benjamin Huey, James Smith, Henry Littlejohn, - Nichols, Herbert Sanders, John Craig and others. It was not a village. A mill was there -a grist mill owned by Mr. Craig, also a cotton gin and a distillery and a blacksmith held forth; these, with half a dozen families scattered over a quarter of a mile could hardly be called by so important a desig- nation as " village." The Shakers had scarcely arrived there and become comfortable before John O'Banyon died. There was no saw mill within many miles where Inmber could be obtained with which to make the coffin. Accordingly, Henry Littlejohn, Jehu Inman, Herbert Sanders and John Craig took a large poplar log about eight feet long, and, after splitting off a huge slab on one side, cut out a hollow large enough to con- tain the body, after which the slab was replaced, and fastened down with pins, and then this back-woods coffin was conveyed to a spot a short distance east of the brick chapel of Point Commerce and buried. This was the first death and interment in the township. In about 1823-24, four or five more families arrived at one time, all coming from a common local- ity, and first stopped at Point Commerce. This was the third and last unsuccessful attempt to form a village there, if such was really the attempt.


OLD POINT COMMERCE.


Immediately after the passage by the State Legislature of the Internal Improvement bill of 1835, the project of constructing a canal down White River and another down the Wabash River was put on foot, and a survey was ordered and made; whereupon it was found that the best place to join the two canals was at the mouth of Eel River. This was the report of the survey of the engineers. At this time, J. M. H. & J. F. Allison were in business at Spencer, Owen County. They were shrewd business men, and they instantly saw that the junction of the two canals to be built would become an important commercial center, and they accordingly came to the mouth of Eel River, bought a tract of land, and on the 22d of April, 1836, laid out thirty five lots on fractional Sec- tion 21, Township 8 north, Range 5 west, and named the town thus be- gun Point Commerce, in anticipation of what was expected of the place. J. F. Allison, himself, did the surveying. At the same time they built a large frame store building, 22x40, obtaining the lumber at Littlejohn's mill in Owen County, and floating it down the river. The Allisons immediately put in a large stock of general merchandise, comprising everything needed at that early period in the country. They bought their goods in the East at New York, shipped them to Pittsburgh, thence


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down the Ohio to Louisville, thence hauled them by wagon to Point Com- merce. The town began to grow rapidly. Blacksmiths came in; car. penters, shoemakers, coopers, tanners, doctors, hotel-keepers, specula- tors, millinera, gunsmiths, etc., etc., erected shops and began to ply their specialties. The Allisons built the famous old Junction House and installed Dr. Shepard as landlord. Robert Leach was the blacksmith; Dawson was the tailor; Maj. Eddy opened a tin-shop; Calvin Spooner started a tannery. Samuel Miller before this had started a wool-card- ing mill operated by tread power; but later the factory was moved to the river, where water from a dam was used as the motor. W. C. Andrews came in 1839 and soon started a store. Joseph Miller also engaged in the mercantile pursuit. Rapidly the town sprang into life. The Alli- sons did business under the firm name of Allison & Allison. O. J. Bar- rackman opened a store soon after the town was founded. Ingersoll & Jessup built a large grist mill on the river, and operated a saw mill with it. In a short time Andrews and Topping formed a partnership in the general mercantile business, and continued with large and increasing suc- cess a few years, and afterward Andrews & Barrackman opened out at Worthington. A distillery was started about 1839-40. Dayton Top- ping commenced selling goods about 1839. The Allisons did a very large business in packing and shipping tobacco, pork, grain, etc., down the river. It is said they sent as high as fifteen flat-boats down the river in one season (late in the decade of the forties). Frank and Verlin Jes- sup were in business there early in the forties. Others sent out flat- boats besides the Allisons. Andrews & Topping boated quite extensively. It is said that for a period of over ten years the Allisons shipped out an average of ten or twelve boat loads annually. Pork was extensively shipped ont, though it seems that the butchering was done by the farmers. About this time, also, Samuel Miller was operating his carding and fulling mill on quite a large scale. Jack Newsom owned the grist mill later. In 1839, there were about thirty families residing in this busy little town.


MERCHANDISING, TRADE, ITO.


Money was very scarce, and for convenience and to effect exchanges, people were forced to barter. The merchants carried a large credit, and made calculations to lose a certain percentage of their sales. With this object in view-the object to cover all losses occurring in that way-they sold their goods a slight percentage higher than they would otherwise have done. They took every conceivable article of farm production- pork, beef, corn, wheat, rye, oats, deer and other skins, vegetables, bees- wax, butter. beans, etc., etc., in exchange for their store supplies, the demand regulating the values, and sent all down the river to market, where it was disposed of and the proceeds used in laying in new supplies


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of general merchandise. It is said they often had in store, late in the forties, not less than $40,000 worth of goods. The trade of the town extended over a vast tract of country, people coming from twenty and thirty miles distance. Andrews & Barrackman formed a partnership in about 1844, and soon had a business second only to the Allisons. The merchants, including the Allisons, uniformly lost on their produce, and soon Andrews & Barrackman avoided that trade as far as possible, in- vesting their profits in land where Worthington now stands. In 1844, they bought 200 acres, and in 1846, 200 more. In the end, this proved .to be a wise investment. . Miller & Smith sold liquor and groceries in 1838 and later. Barrackman was in business alone at first, but was afterward joined by Mr. Andrews, who had been in partnership with Mr. Topping. David Johnson was in business in the forties. Late in the forties, the Allisons seemed to have formed partnerships with Farmer & Howe, though they still ran their big store. It was not long after the town started that steamboats began to come up the river for loads of produce. In about 1848-49, when Point Commerce was at the height of its prosperity, the population numbered about 500. It was called the " White Town," owning to the cheerfulness of the place and the white- painted houses. It is said to have had very few liquor shops, and was moral and "high-toned." The old Junction House was " good enough for Philadelphia." A lodge of Washingtonians was organized there, which did much to root out all objectionable features from the town. The Allisons, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Topping, and, in short, all the substan- tial men of the place, belonged, and worked for the good of the town. The lodge meetings were greatly enjoyed, and such songs as this were often rendered:


. " The shouts of Washingtonians Are heard on very gale, They're chanting now their victory O'er cider, beer and ale."


THE DECADENCE OF POINT COMMERCE


The building of the canal, the founding of Worthington, the failure to construct a steamboat lock at Newberry, and the financial crash of the Allisons, were the signal for the decadence and ultimate death of Point Commerce. The extension of the canal on the west side of the river in- duced Andrews & Barrackman, who owned land there, to lay out Worth- ington, which began to grow rapidly at the expense of Point Commerce. The rivalry became severe, and the hostilities engendered endured for many years. Point Commerce expected, as it had before, to have the ben- efit of steamboat trade on the rivers: but the failure to construct a lock large enough at Newberry (which had really been the contract) was a severe blow to the hopes of the town, and a source of joy to Worthing-


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ton. The canal was an eyesore to Point Commerce, and was the aortic artery of Worthington. But the latter never realized its hopes in the canal, except, perhaps, that it owes its existence to that source. Had it not been for the canal there would now be no Worthington and Point Commerce would have the population of both. The Allisons were un- lucky in their business, beginning about 1849. They lost heavily on goods and produce shipped by ocean and gulf from New York to New Orleans or vice versa, by wrecks, having little or no insurance. These and other unsuccessful ventures and the depreciation of property and the big fire in Point Commerce in .1854, caused their failure. The town lingered on for many years, slowly dying, the business men and families resident growing fewer, until the town is now a suburb of Worthington. It may be termed the Washington Heights of Worthington.


EARLY RESIDENTS OF WORTHINGTON.


'In April, 1849, when the canal became a certainty at what is now Worthington, Andrews & Barrackman, with commendable euergy and forethought, the owners of several hundred acres there, employed a sur- veyor and laid out on both sides of the canal 94 lots on the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter, and the northwest quarter of the south- west quarter of Section 21, Township 8 north, Range 5 west. They erected the old and renowned Franklin House, of which Dayton Topping was so long landlord, and for a time used one part of it as a store room. Andrews & Barrackman moved their store over from the Point in 1850. Buildings began to go up in all directions. In 1853-54, the following were residents of the town: W. C. Andrews, C. J. Barrackman, M. L. Deal, William Wilkins, Godfrey Shryer, C. B. Osborn, Isaac N. Morrison, Stephen H. Lockwood, Samuel Motz, S. B. Harrah, G. R. Taylor, Joseph Bland, John Willey, Abram Spainhower, Ernest Ehrsom (the first store. keeper of the township), Philander Burr, R. E. Andrews, M. H. Shryer, Carpus N. Shaw, M. P. Eddy, Henry F. Blount, Frank Blount, Robert Warnick, Rollin Blount, Leonard Ferris, G. W. Langworthy, M. J. Over- street, Dayton Topping, Lafayette Burnam, Samuel Burnam, George Start, Clark Start, C. C. Howe, Marcus Holliday, Robert Howe, James Beach, Dr. W. C. Smydth, L. M. Baird, Dr. J. H. Astell, Dr. S. M. Wright, Theodore Scheepers, John Harritt, J. T. Smith, J. J. Hochstetler, James Smith, Robert Warren, G. H. Burgett, Black, Jesse Crull and others. The town was named after Worthington, Ohio.


DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOWN.


By 1854, the population is said to have been about 500. Deal & Morrison founded the Advertiser in 1853, a full account of which may be seen further on in this chapter. The Starts built a large grist mill about 1850, on the canal, which had a large trade and patronage. John


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Padgett lived upon the town site when the lots were laid out. Edward H. Topping also lived near by. Mr. Newsom was interested in the Starts Mills. The first boat on the canal came to town in 1850. A large crowd gathered to celebrate the event, and to take a free ride up to Terre Haute and elsewhere. Andrews & Barrackman bought large quantities of grain to be shipped to market on the canal. K. B. Osborn also bought con- siderable, besides others. The Starts and Newsoms were later buyers. Andrews & Barrackman bought as high as 15,000 bushels of wheat in one year. K. B. Osborn was Canal Superintendent. Godfrey Shryer, a very prominent man and a most excellent citizen, who is yet a resident of the town, began business in 1851. Soon after this, William Wilkins came in. The town has no better citizen. Shryer bought out Ernest Ehrsom. G. R. Taylor established his store a little later, and prospered. His sons are the leading dry goods merchants at present. Andrews & Barrackman had the largest early store. Mr. Andrews is well advanced in years, well respected and well preserved, yet lives without an enemy in the town he founded thirty-five years ago. Dr. W. C. Smyth opened an early drug store. He sold to C. C. Howe before the war. Squire & Mullinnix came in with a big stock of drugs after the war. Start & Wilkins sold merchandise early, as did also the Switz Brothers. Samuel Motz had owned a tannery on the town site before the lots were laid out. This was continued under various ownerships for ten or twelve years. Mr. Lang- worthy came in early with goods, has continued since, and now has a large fine store. C. A. Osborn is one of the oldest business men; also Mr. Burr, S. B. Harrah, and others. Shryer, Cressy & Co., L. M. Baird, Burnam Brothers, Blount, Harrah, Miller & Co., Philander Burr, John H. Greves, Andrews, Miller & Throop, T. S. Haviland, John Peck, W. S. Bays, M. Haas, Zachariah Miller, Taylor Brothers (1865), C. N. Shaw & Co., W. M. Morrison, Moses Overstreet, M. Gard, were business men of the town at later dates.


PRESENT BUSINESS MEN.


The present business of the town may be summarized as follows: Dry goods -- Taylor Brothers, P. Burr, Langworthy & Son, W. B. Squire; hardware-Harrah & Shaw, McKee Brothers; drugs-W. B. Squire, H. C. Clary, J. A. Austin; groceries-Cooper & Foster, John Berridge, C. A. Osborn, Page & Co .; boots and shoes-William Little, John Key- ser and all dry goods stores; restaurants-George Reath, O. B. Cressy, C. A. Osborn, Mrs. Hineman; harness shops-Cole, Bruner, Ward and Beach; photography-Beck & Reese; millinery-Mrs. John Middleton, Mrs. C. W. Spooner, Mrs. B. Beaver; saloons-William Wolf, Charles Roth, T. J. Miller, William Mullenbeck, Ernest Ehrsom; livery-J. L. Harris, M. J. Goff; grist mills-Browning & Son, Kaffader & Co .; saw or planing mills-I. M. Darnell, Jean & Heaton; carding factory-J. E. Miller; Worthington Exchange Bank-William Wilkins, President; con-


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tractors and builders-J. M. Dyer, John Myers; churches-Episcopalian, Methodist Episcopal, Protestant Methodist, Christian, Baptist, Presby- terian; doctors-L. P. Mullinnix, Thomas Aydelotte, Samuel Gray and Dr. Brouillette. The present woolen factory was built by Mr. Miller in about 1871, at a cost of about $6,000. He employs eight or ten hands during the busy season. He also buys grain. His elevator, erected about four years ago, cost $1,500. A hub and spoke factory ran for a short time in 1870. Ephraim Brighton had a furniture shop before the I. & V. R. R. was completed to the town. He then put in a planing mill and manufactured furniture. The Darnell Planing Mill was started about the same time, and is running yet. A saw mill is connected with it. The Kaffader Grist Mill was built about five years ago by Carnahan & Signer, at a cost of about $4,000. Allen, John Dixson and Fisher have been connected with it. The mill has lately been refitted with new and excel- lent machinery, and is now valued at $15,000. The Start & Newsom Mill, built about 1868, did a good business at first. Considerable flour was shipped. In about 1873, Browning & Co. obtained possession, and have since refitted several times. At the present writing, the best roller machinery is being put in. The mill will be worth $15,000. Pratt, a Yankee, started the first saw mill in Worthington in about 1852. Poe owned it later; also C. C. Howe. Prosser & Baker conducted one about the war time. Wilbur took Prosser's place in about 1873. The mill became defunct a few years ago.


THE RAILROADS.


In August, 1869, the I. & V. Railroad was finished to Worthington, and a crowd, estimated at from 4,000 to 8,000, was present. Mr. Morrison avers that up to that time one-third of those present had not ridden be- hind a locomotive, and many had never before seen an engine or a train of cars. It was a memorable day to the town. In 1879, ten years after the completion of the. I. & V. road, the Terre Haute & Southeastern was finished as far south as Worthington. This was the occasion of another gathering to celebrate the good news. These two roads give the town first-class shipping facilities.


POSTMASTERS, CONFLAGRATIONS, POPULATION, ETC.


The Postmasters of Worthington have been M. P. Eddy, R. E. An -. drews, S. H. Lockwood, E. R. Buckner; I. N. Morrison, 1860 to 1865; William Wilkins; I. N. Morrison, 1869 to 1879; A. S. Helms and O. K. Pering. The town has been visited by several disastrous fires: The old Franklin House was swept away. The block between First and Second streets was burned in 1872, entailing a loss of about $12,000. The Tay- lor Block was burned in 1874; loss about $9,000. Among the first phy- sicians of the town were Smydth, Hutchinson, Jayneson. The popula-


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tion of Worthington in 1849, was 0; in 1853, about 500; in 1860, ahont 700; in 1870, about 900; in 1880, was 1,185, and is now (1884, March) about 1,300.


THE ODD FELLOWS.


On the 16th of November, 1853, Worthington Lodge, No. 137, Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, was instituted at Worthington with the following charter members: Marcus L. Deal, J. J. Hochstetler, K. B. Osborn, Godfrey Shryer, L. A. Stark, J. G. Stephenson, M. S. Wines and S. H. Burgett, Mr. Shryer being the only one now living. The charter was not granted until January 18, 1854, and before that the lodge worked under a dispensation. The first officers were M. L. Deal, Noble Grand; J. J. Hochstetler, Vice Grand; G. H. Burgett, Secretary; and K. B. Osborn, Treasurer. From that early day to this, the lodge has steadily prospered, and now owns the upper story of the "Odd Fellows Building," has about $3,000 in surplus funds and has a large member- ship at present. The officers at the last election were: J. C. Cutsinger, N. G .; W. J. Hale, V. G .; J. D. English, Rec. Sec .; John Myers, Per. Sec .; W. J. Ward, Treasurer. The Worthington Encampment, No. 130, was instituted February 5, 1875, while the charter bears the date May 19, 1875. The charter members were W. A. Hays, Julius Voit, J. E. Throop, J. H. Greves, S. H. Carnahan, George Wills, S. R. McKee and T. H. Hollis. The first officers of the Encampment were: W. A. Hays, C. P .; Juluis Voit, H. P .; S. H. Carnahan, S. W .; J. H. Greves, J. W .; J. E. Throop, Scribe; R. S. McKee, Treasurer, and the present officers are: F. N. Miller, C. P .; W. J. Ward, S. W .; John Myers, J. W .; J. E. Throop, H. P .; W. S. Hays, Scribe; and Godfrey Shryer, Treasurer. In August, 1883, Erther Lodge, No. 229, Daughters of Rebekah, was or- ganized with the following membership: J. E. Cutsinger, Mrs. E. C. Cutsinger, James Carroll, Mrs. Jane Carroll, A. N. Middleton, Mrs. M. A. Middleton, F. M. Ridge, Mrs. Rebecca Ridge, W. L. Hastings, Mrs. E. J. Hastings, W. J. Ward, Carrie A. Ward, S. S. Cantwell, Jose- phine Cantwell, John Aydelotte, L. E. Aydelotte, J. M. Beach, Maggie Beach, W. J. Newsom, Ellen Newsom, William Coke and Sarah E. Coke. All departments of the Odd Fellows Lodge are flourishing.


KNIGHTS OF HONOR.


Evergreen Lodge, No. 2344, Knights of Honor, was instituted Janu- ary 3, 1881, with the following charter members: W. H. H. Welch, W. L. Hastings, George F. Allison, J. M. Beach, George Reath, Thomas Aydelotte, Thomas W. Fox, John W. Middleton, George P. Stone, J. L. Harris, William Johnston, J. A. Keith, Thomas Fires, F. M. Fagaly and Fred Myers. This lodge is prosperous, with the following officers: William Coke, D .; Allen Runner, V. D .; George Reath, Treasurer; J. A. Keith, Reporter; J. L. Harris, Guide; John Cookerly, Guardian.


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KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.


On the 23d of March, 1882, Worthington Lodge, No. 100, Knights of Pythias, was instituted by Occidental Lodge, No. 18, of Terre Haute, with the following charter members: R. Bryson, William Johnston, George G. Dyer, George P. Stone, J. J. Summerlot, C. M. Dagget, J. L. Harris, A. S. Helms, C. K. Pering, J. M. Davis, R. Slinkard, L. P. Mullinnix, C. T. Calhoun, J. J. Wright, George Reath, W. B. Dyer, W. B. Squire, L. B. Harris, A. J. Fulkerson, James Campbell, Jobn W. Andrew, John Bolinger, Thomas W. Page and Ed Coffey. The lodge is prosperous, with a present membership of about forty-eight, and pays $6 per month rent for the use of the hall. The present officers are: T. W. Page, P. C .; A. S. Helms, C. C .; C. K. Pering, V. C .; Benjamin Stalcup, Prelate; G. G. Dyer, K. of R. and S .; T. C. Owen, M. of F .; W. E. Johnston, M. of E .; W. B. Dyer, M. of A .; M. Fillion, L. G .; R. Paxton, O. G. The first officers of the lodge were: L. P. Mullinnix, P. C .; W. B. Squire, C. C .; R. Slinkard, V. C .; A. S. Helms, Prelate; G. G. Dyer, K. of R. and S .; J. M. Davis, M. of F .; William Johnston, M. of E .; W. B. Dyer, M. at A .; T. W. Page, I. G .; C. K. Pering, O. G .; George P. Stone, J. J. Sammerlot and L. B. Harris, Trustees. The property of the lodge is valued at about $500.


GRAND ARMY POST.


On the 6th of September, 1882, Worthington Post, No. 91, Grand Army of the Republic, was instituted by David Agness, of Vincennes, Assistant Mustering Officer of the Department of Indiana. The follow- ing were the charter members: T. A. Brown, M. C. Taylor, D. A. Foster, J. W. Middleton, G. P. Stone, C. G. Sanders, S. S. Sharp, J. W. Pad- get, T. J. Fires, A. N. Middleton, Ephraim Harrell, T. J. Miller, J. A. Keith, R. C. Haton, D. W. Soliday, L. P. Mullinnix, W. J. Newsom, J. M. Parsley, Peter Westmore, W. N. Darnell, J. W. Detrick, William Anderson, W. G. Hutton, James Carroll and P. G. Sanders. The first officers were: A. S. Helms, P. C .; M. C. Taylor, S. V. C .; C. G. Sanders, J. V. C .; S. S. Sharp, Q. M .; L. P. Mullinniz, Surgeon; George P. Stone, Adjutant; J. A. Keith, O. of D .; J. W. Padget, O. of G .; J. W. Middleton, S. M .; D. A. Foster, Q. M. S .; J. W. Middleton, A. D. C. The present officers are: A. S. Helms, P. C .; C. G. Sanders, S. V. C .; R. C. Hayden, J. V. C .; J. W. Middleton, Adjutant; J. F. Cantwell, Q. M. S .; L. P. Mullinniz, Surgeon; J. A. Keith, O. of D .; J. W. Padget, O. of G .; Daniel Soliday, Q. M .; William Coke, S. M .; J. H. Johnson, Post Inspector; M. C. Taylor, A. D. C. The present membership is fifty-three, and the Post meets in the hall on the South Side.




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