History of the Seventy-fifth regiment of Indiana infantry voluteers. its organization, campaigns, and battles (1862-65.), Part 22

Author: Floyd, David Bittle
Publication date: 1893
Publisher: Philadelphia, Lutheran publication society
Number of Pages: 476


USA > Indiana > History of the Seventy-fifth regiment of Indiana infantry voluteers. its organization, campaigns, and battles (1862-65.) > Part 22


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36


Aggregate.


First Division, Fourth Army Corps


5


64


6


75


First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps .


7


6


·


I3


Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps


18


87


26


I31


Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps .


10


79


I


90


Second Brigade, Second Cavalry Division .


2


19


2


23


Twenty-eighth Kentucky Regiment


I


I2


I3


Total


43


267


35


345


After the demonstration on Dalton, our Division did not return to Chattanooga; but was stationed at Ringgold to per- form outpost duty. We remained here for two months- remained until the advance on Atlanta.


Ringgold was a little village in Catoosa county, Ga., lying 18 miles south east of Chattanooga in a valley of the moun- tains situated between Taylor's Ridge and East Chickamauga Creek. We were in imminent danger of an attack at any time from the enemy. Ten men from the Division were detailed every day for patrol duty, and to keep up the con- nection of our line with that of the other Divisions of the Army. As many as six Regiments out of the Division were put on guard duty every day. The strictest vigilance was observed. Even with all this care we were at times cauglit. A Regiment of dismounted Confederate Cavalry, on the night of the 23d of April, sneaked over Taylor's Ridge, and captured fifteen men of the Ninety-second Illinois Regiment on vidette duty at Nickajack Trace, not far from us, and robbed and murdered them.


We tore down some old frame buildings here out of which we constructed our bunks.


In view of the danger here, being in the extreme front of our Army and in close proximity to the Confederate forces, a


276


History of the Seventy-fifth Regiment


religious awakening began from the prayer-meetings hield by the more piously inclined, who knelt in little groups on the bare ground within their bunks, endeavoring to draw near to God. As our position apparently increased in danger, the prayer-meetings grew in solemnity and interest, until a series of religious meetings were inaugurated in our camp, which were carried on for the space of two or three weeks. The meetings culminated in a large number of conversions, many of the converted being immersed in the East Chickamauga Creek.


Here Charles E. Stanton of F Company, and Patrick Boyle of K Company, died of disease, the former on the 9th, and the latter on the 29th of March. Here, on March 29th, Col. Milton S. Robinson tendered his resignation as commander of the Seventy-fifth Indiana Regiment, and returned to the peaceful walks of life at Anderson, Indiana. We were sorry to see Colonel Robinson leave, as he was a competent officer, and held in high esteem by the members of the Regiment. In Lieut .- Col. William O'Brien, who succeeded to the com- mand of the Regiment, we had a popular and efficient com- mander.


On March 12th, Maj .- Gen. Halleck was relieved from the duty of General-in-Chief, and General Grant, who liad re- cently received the commission of Lieutenant-General, was assigned to the command of all the armies of the United States. Major .- Gen. William T. Sherman was assigned to the command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, in room of General Grant. Sherman's command embraced the Departments of the Cumberland, Ohio, Tennessee, and tlie Arkansas. Major-Gen. J. B. McPherson was assigned to the command of the Department of the Army of the Tennessee in room of General Sherman. On April 4th, General Sheridan was assigned to the command of the Cavalry in the Army of the Potomac, and in his room General John Newton was assigned to the command of the Second Division of the Fourth Corps. The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were con-


277


of Indiana Infantry Volunteers.


solidated into one Corps, and named the Twentieth, with General Hooker in command. General Gordon Granger was relieved of the command of the Fourth Corps, and General Howard was assigned to its command in his stead. General Schofield was assigned to the command of the Twenty-third Corps.


On April 29th, General Thomas ordered General Kilpat- rick, who was in command of a Division of Cavalry in the Department of the Cumberland, to attack and harass the Confederate pickets in the direction of Tunnel Hill, with a detachment of 500 of his Cavalry. In order to secure this Cavalry from defeat by a superior force of the enemy, General Baird ordered our Brigade with a section of Harris' Battery, under the personal command of Col. Van Derveer, as a sup- port. This reconnaissance was the initiatory movement in the general advance of Sherman's Ariny upon the Atlanta campaign. We came upon the Confederate outposts at the break of day, and forced them back into the woods, to their reserves. They had cut down trees behind which they took refuge and from which they fought us, thus somewhat retard- ing our progress, but we continued to slowly force our way towards the town of Tunnel Hill, notwithstanding these im- pediments, until we reached the vicinity of Terrill's house. Here a force of Infantry and Cavalry, larger than our own, confronted us, and we deemed it proper to withdraw. The advance of our forces, however, under Kilpatrick, went as far as Davis' house; where a lively fight took place, in which the Confederates were handsomely beaten. Our loss in the whole force was ten men wounded. The Confederate General Humes, whose force we fought, lost three killed and seven- teen wounded and missing.


Van Horne, in his History of the Army of the Cumberland, says of this movement :


"On the 29th of April, a tentative advance was made by General Baird, having reference to the general movement of the united armies. He sent three hundred cavalry, under General Kilpatrick, supported by Vanderveer's brigade, to feel the enemy's position at Tunnel Hill."


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History of the Seventy-fifth Regiment


The following is Humes' report of the affair:


Tunnel Hill, April 29th, 1864.


The enemy from Ringgold this morning were about 1,500 infantry,* 2 pieces of artillery, 300 cavalry. They have withdrawn to Ringgold Gap, and our pickets have been re-established. Our loss near 20 killed, wounded and missing.


W. Y. C. HUMES, Brigadier-General, Commanding.


Major A. P. MASON, Assistant Adjutant-General.


It was now the main purpose of the Government authori- ties not only to retain the territory occupied by the National forces, but also to effect an aggressive mobilization of the Army by the maintenance of communications, by reinforce- ments, recuperations, and reorganizations of troops, and by the accumulation of material and supplies. As the year 1863 closed, and as our movements to the south upon reconnais- sances indicated, it was plain to be seen that we had to con- front again our old antagonist, the Army of the Tennessee, (Confederate) under the most skillful leader in the Confed- eracy. We were not quite ready to assume the offensive. Our attitude as yet was mainly on the defensive. During the siege of Chattanooga, about ten thousand animals had died for us, and those which survived the siege were unfit for an aggressive campaign. Many of our Regiments were absent on veteran furlough by reason of their re-enlistments. Hence the duty now devolved upon us was to make the necessary preparation as rapidly as possible, for an aggressive move- inent. Chattanooga was made the base of our supplies; large storehouses were being constructed there as receptacles for the accumulated supplies; steamboats were being built; horses and mules for the Cavalry, Artillery and wagons were being brought forward; and long, heavily-loaded trains on the railroads were entering Chattanooga day and night, with munitions of war.


* The number of Infantry is greatly magnified. We had not half as many as Humes represents.


CHAPTER XI.


ATLANTA CAMPAIGN.


(MAY, JUNE, JULY, 1864.)


DURING the first few days of May, 1864, we began to pre- pare for aggressive work in the arduous campaign against Atlanta. The men of our Regiment, together with their accoutrements, were carefully inspected. The sick, defective guns, cartridge-boxes and all surplus baggage were sent to the rear. We were ordered to fill our cartridge boxes with a full supply of ammunition, and our haversacks with three days' rations.


Company C of the Regiment, numbering 27 men, under Captain Polson, was detached at this time to guard the Medi- cal Supply train on the advance to Atlanta; 17 recruits be- longing to the Ninth Ohio Regiment were with the Company. During the march to Savannah, Captain Polson's Company was also employed as guards at the warehouses in Atlanta, and it did not rejoin the Regiment until we reached Golds- boro, N. C. There were 27 sick men of the Regiment sent to Chattanooga before the campaign opened, and 12 others were on detached duties at the hospitals; so that, at the be- ginning of the campaign, our Regiment had 358 present for duty.


The new commander under whom the Seventy-fifth Indi- ana served from this time to the close of hostilities-Major- General William Tecumseh Sherman-was great in both military and civil life. He was a many-sided man. As a military strategist, leader of men, author and orator, he had few superiors. On the battle-fields, he portrayed a genius for the military of the highest order, with a courage, hardihood


(279)


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History of the Seventy-fifth Regiment


and endurance that have never been excelled. In his official reports during the war, and in his military writings since, he has exhibited the rare gifts of a brilliant and ready writer. In his frequent off-hand talks at re-unions of ex-soldiers, he displayed his remarkable oratorical and conversational tal- ents. When he began his campaign against Atlanta, he had spies and scouts all over the country, and maps which showed every road and cross-road, river and stream, farm and farm- house on the line of advance from Chattanooga to Atlanta. He liad tlie bridges for spanning the rivers constructed in the North, and held them in readiness to put together at a mo- ment's notice. Although his wily antagonist, Johnston, burned the bridges and tore up the railroad track as he re- treated, Sherman replaced them each day as he advanced. Before tlie war, General Sherman had been a traveller all through the South, and his perceptions were so quick, and his comprehension of the topography of the country through which he passed was so extraordinary, that he seemed to have a better understanding of it than any of the intelligent resi- dents. He actually knew more about the country than the Southern generals seemed to know.


The National troops comprising the Military Division of the Mississippi on the Atlanta campaign under Sherman, embraced three armies; the Army of the Cumberland in com- mand of General Thomas, with an effective strength of 60,- 773 in infantry, artillery and cavalry; the Army of the Ten- nessee under General McPherson, numbering 24,465 in in- fantry, artillery and cavalry; and the Army of the Ohio com- manded by General Schofield, with a strength of 13,559 in infantry, artillery and cavalry; aggregating 98,797 men.


The Confederate Army, against which we were to operate, was commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, and was divided into three Corps d'Armée, commanded respectively by Lieutenant-Generals Hardee, Hood and Polk, and the Cavalry Corps was under General Joseph Wheeler. Johnston estimated his strength in the aggregate at about 50,000 men;


28r


of Indiana Infantry Volunteers.


but Hood, who commanded a Corps in it, says its strength was 70,000.


Organization of the Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, in the Atlanta campaign, May Ist to September 8th, 1864.


THIRD DIVISION.


Brig .- Gen. ABSALOM BAIRD.


First Brigade.


Brig .- Gen. JOHN B. TURCHIN.j Col. MOSES B. WALKER.


19th Illinois,k Lieut .- Col. Alexander W. Raffen.


24th Illinois, / Capt. August Mauff. 82d Indiana, Col. Morton C. Hunter. 23d Missouri,m Col. William P. Rob- inson.


IIth Ohio,n Lieut .- Col. Ogden Street. 17th Ohio, Col. Durbin Ward.


Col. Moses B. Walker.


3Ist Ohio, Lieut .- Col. Frederick W. Lister. Maj. John H. Jolly.


89tlı Ohio, Col. Caleb. H. Carlton.o 92d Ohio, Col. Benjamin D. Fearing. Second Brigade.


Col. FERDINAND VAN DERVEER.P Col. NEWELL GLEASON.


Lieut .- Col. William


75th Indiana, O'Brien.q Maj. Cyrus J. McCole. Col. Newell Gleason.


87th Indiana, Lieut .- Col. Edwin P. Hammond. IOIst Indiana, Lieut .- Col. Thomas Doan.


2d Minnesota,


Col. James George.r Lieut .- Col. Jud- son W. Bishop.


9th Ohio,s Col. Gustave Kammer- ling. 35th Ohio,t Maj. Joseplı L. Budd. 105th Ohio, Lieut .- Col. George T. Perkins.


Third Brigade.


74th Indiana,


Col. GEORGE P. ESTE. Ioth Indiana, Lieut .- Col. Marsh B. Taylor. L Lieut .- Col. Myron Baker.v Maj. Thomas Mor- gan. Ioth Kentucky, Col. William H. Hays. 18th Kentucky,w Lieut .- Col. Hub- bard K. Milward.


14th Ohio, Maj. John W. Wilson.x Capt. George W. Kirk. Capt. William A. 38th Ohio, Choate. Capt. Joseph Wagstaff.


j Sick from July 15. k Relieved for muster-out June 9. ¿ Relieved for muster-out June 28. m Joined July 10. 2 Relieved for muster-out June 10; non-veterans organized into a battal- ion and attached to the 92d Ohio. o Assumed command June I. pSick from June 27. q Wounded July 20. r Relieved for muster-out June 23. s Relieved for muster-out May 22. t Relieved for muster-out August 3. u Part of the time detached at Marietta. v Killed August 5. w Remained at Ringgold. x Wounded September I.


19


282


History of the Seventy-fifth Regiment


Artillery .* Capt. GEORGE ESTEP.


Indiana Light, 7th Battery, Capt Otho H. Morgan.


Indiana Light, 19th Battery, Lieut. William P. Stackhouse.


On May Ist, Sherman's Army in Northern Georgia con- fronted Johnston's. The Army of the Cumberland, (ours) was in the vicinity of Ringgold, constituting the centre; the Army of the Tennessee was on the Chickamatiga a few miles south of us at Gordon's Mills, forming the right flank; and the Army of the Ohio lay on the line of Georgia and Tennes- see, directly north of Dalton and near Red Clay. It consti- tuted the left flank. Johnston's Army was well intrenched about Dalton. It lay behind the spurs of Rocky Face Ridge, between Tunnel Hill and Dalton. Through this Ridge ran Buzzard Roost Pass, and through this narrow Pass ran the railroad, wagon road and Mill Creek. Johnston had obstructed this Pass by felling trees in it, and by constructing dams across the creek, which flooded it. He also planted his Bat- teries along the spurs of the inaccessible Ridges. Hence it would have been a hazardous undertaking for Sherman to at- tempt to dislodge Johnston by a direct attack. He, therefore, manœuvred him out of his strong position at Dalton, by a flank movement. He ordered the Army of the Tennessee under McPherson to make a bold demonstration through Snake Creek Gap in the direction of Resaca. During the execution of this movement, the Army of the Cumberland under Thomas was directed to make a strong demonstration in front of the enemy at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard Roost and Rocky Face Ridge. And the Army of the Ohio under Scho- field was ordered to descend from the north of Dalton and protect the left flank of the army under Thomas. This gen- eral plan of operation against Johnston was carried out with success.


On the 6th the general forward movement began. In compliance with orders we did not move until the 7th. Our


* Merged into the Artillery Brigade of the Corps July 24 ..


283


of Indiana Infantry Volunteers.


Army (the Cumberland) advanced at daylight in three col- umns; the Fourteenth Corps under Palmer took the direct road, the Fourth Corps under Howard moved on our left, and the Twentieth Corps under Hooker passed through Nicka- jack Gap and Trickum. The Confederates made some resist- ance in front of the First and Second Divisions of our Corps in the vicinity of Tunnel Hill; but the Fourth Corps, coming up on our left, they evacuated Tunnel Hill and retreated to Buzzard Roost. Our Division moved in reserve. The Third Brigade was left to garrison Ringgold, and it was fully 4 p. m. before our Brigade reached Tunnel Hill, where we found the other two Divisions of the Corps in position. In moving this distance of eight miles, our Regiment deployed in line of battle several times. We went into position on the right of the Fourth Corps and bivouacked for the night. The Twentieth Corps encamped at Trickum, and the Cavalry 1111- der Kilpatrick moved to Gordon's Springs to hold the com- munication between us and McPherson.


On the morning of the 8th, our Brigade advanced only two miles, where we remained in reserve for three days. During this time we heard McPherson's troops skirmishing on our right, as they passed in the rear of the enemy's left flank. Howard's Corps pushed along the crest of Rocky Face Ridge and took position near the enemy's signal station. In the afternoon our Division moved to the support of Davis and Johnson, of our Corps. Davis' Division of our Corps, Butter- field's Division of the Twentieth Corps and Wood's Division of the Fourth Corps, drove the enemy's skirmishers into their intrenchments and held the entrance to Buzzard Roost. Geary's Division of the Twentieth Corps was ordered to scale Chattooga Mountain, and not succeeding, his troops retired to a position in the valley out of the reach of the guns of the enemy.


During the 9th and roth heavy skirmishing was kept up. Many persons were wounded, and but few killed. The bat- tle of Rocky Face Ridge on the 9th, in which Johnson's and


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History of the Seventy-fifth Regiment


Davis' Divisions of our Corps, and McCook's Cavalry Divis- ion, fought Stewart's and Bate's Divisions of Infantry and Wheeler's Cavalry, resulted in the Confederates being driven to their reserves with a heavy loss. Our loss was 151 in killed, wounded and captured. Colonel Lagrange, command- ing a Brigade of the Cavalry, was among the captured.


Hooker's Corps went to the support of McPherson in his passage through Snake Creek Gap. It rained all day of the IIth. On the 12th, Palmner's Corps, our Division in the ad- vance, moved also to the support of McPherson, who had passed through Snake Creek Gap into Sugar Valley, threaten- ing Resaca. As our Regiment passed into the Gap, we took position on the left of the line of the Brigade. Being now in Johnston's rear, we forced his evacuation on that same night from Dalton.


On the 12th, our entire army received orders for a forward movement, the object of which was to interpose between the Confederates and the town of Resaca, and to interrupt their communications. The advance began at 6 o'clock on the morning of the 13th. The Army of the Tennessee moved directly on Resaca, with its left resting on Camp Creek, fol- lowed closely by the Army of the Cumberland, until the Dal- ton and Calhoun wagon road was reached, when the latter turned to the left in the direction of Dalton and joined its right to the former's left. The Army of the Ohio followed the Army of the Cumberland as far as the Dalton and Rome wagon road, when it turned to the left, and connecting with the Army of the Cumberland, moved abreast with it. The Cavalry under Garrard and Kilpatrick picketed all roads in our rear and moved south of the main road to Resaca. This general movement resulted in the battle of Resaca. About noon we inarched with the rest of the army and took position upon a steep hill of thick woods on the left of the First Division of our Corps, which skirmished with the enemy, our Division not being engaged.


Early on the morning of the 14th, our Division was set in


285


of Indiana Infantry Volunteers.


motion in conjunction with the First Division of our Corps, pushing forward until we encountered the enemy. General Baird formed the two Brigades of his Division into line of battle. He posted the Second, (ours) under Colonel Van Derveer on the right, and the First, under Brig .- Gen. Tur- chin, on the left; both Brigades being formed in two lines. The Thirty-fifth Ohio of our Brigade was deployed as skir- mishers. As we moved forward up the acclivity of a steep hill, we were subjected to a galling fire from the enemy's Artillery. During the night the Seventy-fifth Indiana was placed 011 the picket line, and in the morning of the 15th, Companies H, E, and K were deployed as skirmishers. The Confede- rates having evacuated their fortifications, our Regiment, with the Brigade, followed in close pursuit to Resaca. In this action of the 14th and 15th, Robert M. Brownfield of A Company, Joseph Lloyd of D Company, Jacob Coffman and Andrew P. Bilbee of E Company, were more or less severely wounded. Brownfield was mortally wounded, dying at Chat- tanooga, June 29th. Coffinan was wounded in the left breast, and Bilbee in the hand. The Eighty-seventh Indiana lost one killed and one wounded, and the One-hundred and first Indiana lost three wounded. It is not known what the losses in the other Regiments of tlie Brigade were. In this battle of Resaca we fought Hindman's Division of Hood's Corps, mostly troops front Alabama and Mississippi. The casual- ties in this battle of Resaca cannot be ascertained, as the losses in the Army of the Cumberland were reported monthly in the aggregate. General Baird reports the losses, however, in our Division at 16 killed and 119 wounded, our Regiment losing four.


During the night of the 15th, the Confederates evacuated Resaca, crossing the Oostanaula River on the railroad bridge and pontoons a mile above it, which they destroyed imme- diately thereafter.


The Third Brigade of our Division, which had been left at Ringgold to do garrison duty, and not in the fight at Resaca,


285


History of the Seventy-fifth Regiment


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