USA > Indiana > Wayne County > Richmond > Memoirs of Wayne County and the city of Richmond, Indiana; from the earliest historical times down to the present, including a genealogical and biographical record of representative families in Wayne County, Volume I Pt. 2 > Part 17
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forth had been so persistent and strenuous, however, as to com- mand the admiration of the public and the confidence of patrons and Friends everywhere. During the first year Friends in England donated $1,000, which was expended for scientific apparatus and the beginning of a library.
Soon after the opening of the school, Barnabas Coffin Hobbs was elected superintendent, and from the day of his entering the boarding school, in 1847, until the day of his death, in 1892, forty- five years later, he was associated in some capacity with the inter- ests of the school, and devoted his life, intelligently and usefully, to educational work in Indiana. He did as much as any man to inaugurate the system of graded schools, and more than any other man to establish a State Normal School. He was appointed and had charge of the earliest teachers' institute held in the State; he was the first president of Earlham College; he was State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction; he was one of the editors of the Indiana School Journal, and always a promoter of education by private and denominational institutions and by the State. He was a friend of peace and the Indian and rendered invaluable service in the interest of both. For twelve years the Friends' Boarding School was a distinct factor in the work of education in Indiana. Both sexes were admitted without any restrictions or reservations, and some of the men educated within its walls have achieved high distinction. Among these are William Penn Nixon, for many years managing editor of the Chicago Inter Ocean; Joseph G. Cannon, ex-Speaker of the United States House of Representatives; Mor- decai Morris White, of Cincinnati; Judge Winston Carter, of Indi- anapolis; Achilles Unthank, civil engineer, who constructed im- portant public works in Asia and South America ; and Hiram Had- ley, who has been so prominently identified with the educational interests of New Mexico. In 1859 Earlham College was chartered by the State. It was the natural outgrowth of the boarding school. But the progress of evolution did not stop here. Earlham College entered the broader field with higher aims and brighter prospects. The work of evolution has continued year after year-in the re- vision and extension of curriculum, in the creation and organiza- tion of departments, in the employment of the most capable heads of departments, in the collection of a library and a scientific mu- seum, in the equipment of laboratories and in the cultivation of a true college spirit which will fight for the glory and the honor of the institution.
The earliest officers and teachers of Earlham were men and
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women from New England, whose refinement, force of character, and scholarly attainments gave it from its beginning, an enviable reputation throughout the Ohio Valley-a reputation which it has consistently maintained for half a century. The timely gift of Joseph John Gurney, previously mentioned, was later supplemented by a larger one contributed by his widow, and the college received its name from "Earlham Hall," the ancestral seat of the Gurneys, at Norfolk, England. Earlham College not only enjoys the distinc- tion of being one of the first co-educational institutions in America, but of having been one of the foremost institutions in the West to offer advanced practical instruction in science. In 1853 it made the first beginning in Indiana toward a permanent collection of mate- rial in natural history for purposes of college instruction. Its present valuable museum is the outgrowth of that beginning. About this time the first astronomical observatory in the State was established upon the campus, and in it is the transit mounted at Ft. Sumter at the time of its surrender, and afterwards loaned by the government. Here, also, the first chemical laboratory in Indiana for the use of college students was equipped, and as an outgrowth from this beginning Earlham College has today five well equipped scientific laboratories.
In 1857 the Ionian Literary Society was organized by the boys, and in 1864 the girls organized Phoenix Band. These two distinct literary societies have maintained an unbroken organization from the dates of their origin until the present time. In 1874 the Ionian Society issued the first number of the Earlhamite, and in the early 90's Phoenix Band issued the Phoenixian. These were united un- der the name Earlhamite in 1894, and the paper continues to be the official student publication of the college. Earlham Hall was the scene of all the activities of the college life until 1887; then the corner stones of two new buildings were laid, and the following year saw the completion of Lindley Memorial Hall and Parry Science Hall. Thus were afforded in the two new buildings com- modious class-rooms, numerous well-equipped laboratories, an aud- itorium, society halls, offices, etc., leaving to Earlham Hall the home life of the college. Keeping pace with a general, broader movement in the college world, new interests were taken up-and Earlham's influence was rapidly widened. The new claims of athletics were met by the building of a gymnasium in 1892, and a little later by the laying out of an excellent athletic field. The year 1907 marked another step in the material progress of the in- stitution. To meet the demand for home life on the campus, which
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had grown out of the increased attendance, provision was made for the building of a men's dormitory, known as the Edwin S. Bundy Memorial Hall. This is one of the best equipped dormitories in the Middle West and offers accommodations for about 100 young men. The hall was made possible by a gift of Mr. and Mrs. Zenas L. Bundy, of Greenfield, in memory of their deceased son, Edwin, who was a former Earlham student. The building is of red brick, trimmed with stone, and its architecture is based on that of Earl- ham Hall. The interior is arranged on the most approved modern plan and with a view to both health and beauty. The parlors and association rooms are convenient and attractive, and the men's rooms, most of which are in suites of three rooms to every two men, obviously offer many advantages for both social and individ- ual needs. With the completion of Bundy Hall, Earlham Hall was remodeled and given over as the college home of the young women.
A library building was also made possible by Andrew Car- negie's generous gift of $30,000, to which $8,000 was added by the college. This building, which was officially opened in December, 1907, stands just across the main driveway from Lindley Hall. One enters the building from the west through a wide hall, on the left of which the stairway ascends. The large reading room and reference room is on the first floor, with eight departmental al- coves around its outer curve, and with "stacks" for books which have an ultimate capacity of 60,000 volumes. There are also rooms for offices, conversation and cataloguing. On the second floor are four seminary rooms. Here, too, is a room designated as an ante- room, and intended for the reception of rare treasures of books as well as pictures. On the north is a large room used by the Library Summer School for the Public Library Commission, and a smaller room has been set aside for the reference library of the Indiana Yearly Meeting. The new building necessitated improvement in the heating system of the college, and in 1908 the central heating plant was added to the list of new equipmnets. From it a vacuum system of heating was extended to all the college buildings. This system represents the expenditure of $17,000. During the last three years the development of the college along all lines has been unprecedented. In addition to the new buildings noted, a new grandstand for the athletic field has been built ; a sewage disposal plant has been constructed; a permanent skating pond has been made; Parry Science Hall has been refitted and re-equipped; the physical laboratory has been thoroughly equipped with special rooms for light, electricity, lecture and demonstration, and shop
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work in woods and metals; extensive provision has been made for fire protection, and several thousand dollars has been spent in permanent improvements on the farm and campus. At the same time these improvements have been made growth has been going on in other directions. The department of chemistry and physics has been separated into two, with a professor at the head of each ; the departments of English and Biology have each been given regu- larly appointed assistants, and a physical director has been ap- pointed for the college year.
The whole group of buildings, situated on an attractive campus of forty acres, delightfully shaded by native forest trees and taste- fully laid out in walks and drives, is an asset of which all friends of the college may rightfully feel proud. Though Bundy Hall has been occupied only one year previous to this, the applications for rooms have exceeded the supply of them, and there has been a waiting list. The college dining hall, also, has reached its present capacity. The Indiana Public Library Commission decided one year ago to establish its library school here because of the various advantages offered by Earlham. Under the new educational law in Indiana, the college has been accredited by the State Teachers' Training Board, and this has led to an extensive expansion of the department of philosophy and education. The summer school, established in 1892, has steadily increased and reached its highest enrollment last summer. The endowment fund of the college has gradually grown from small beginnings until now the productive funds amount to $350,000 and the working plant of the institution is valued at a like sum.
No history of Earlham could possibly be complete without some mention of the names of the devoted souls who did so much to make Earlham what it is today. Mention has already been made of Dr. Hobbs, its first president. His successor in office was Dr. Joseph Moore, to whom the college owes its museum, which exceeds in completeness and value most other collections in the colleges and universities of the Middle West. President Moore was succeeded by Dr. Joseph John Mills, who so efficiently directed the policy of the institution from 1884 until 1903, when President Kelly assumed the direction of the policies of the institution. In addition to these the names of Walter and Susan Carpenter and Allen Jay are inseparably linked with the management of the in- stitution, together with that of Timothy Nicholson, who has served so efficiently as a member of the board of trustees for almost half a century and now, at the close of its first half century, Earl-
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ham is properly classed in the fore ranks of progressive colleges, an imperishable monument to its founders, a source of pride to its alumni, a blessing to the Church and the State, and an unmistak- able witness to the wisdom of its board of trustees. The first grad- uating class consisted of two members-one man and one woman- receiving their degrees in 1862, and it is fitting that at the end of the first half-century of the college, the present graduating class should have fifty members. Luzena Thornburgh, of Carthage, Ind., was a member of the first graduating class. The professions, the public service, and all commercial pursuits are recruited from among the 800 members of Earlham's alumni.
Earlham has grown in depth and breadth and height until it is abreast of the best educational spirit of the most progressive period of the world's history. Its students, invited and admitted on the condition of moral character and scholarship, without reference to wealth or church relationship, are the equals in intelligence and earnestness of any undergraduates in the country. Earlham is a typical college, as contrasted with the university. Its require- ments for the Bachelor's degree are equivalent to those in the leading universities in America, but its work is concentrated upon under-graduate courses. This is supplemental with various other healthful college activities. The college has been represented in the State oratorical contest since 1893 and has won first place four times; and in the State and Inter-State prohibition and peace con- tests the victories have been notable. In the eighteen inter-col- legiate debates in which the college has been represented it has won twelve, and in inter-collegiate athletics it has won an envi- able place. The college is, therefore, able to offer training of an exceptionally high grade under conditions more favorable than are found in overcrowded institutions of complex organization. The management of the college is impressed with the conviction of the great need today for earnest, broad-minded and high-minded men,_well grounded, educated, and trained for active work, and the demand for the Earlham of today is, therefore, as imperative as the demand for a Friends' Boarding School was three-quarters of a century ago.
RICHMOND BUSINESS COLLEGE.
Founded as it was, in April, 1857, the Richmond Business College stands as one of Richmond's oldest permanent educational institutions. In fact, the school is one of the pioneers in the busi- ness college movement, being one of the first ten or twelve in the
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United States. The records of the early history of the institution are unavailable in many instances, but from the information re- ceived from those familiar with the early period, and the records of the past twenty-five or thirty years, it is estimated that between 5,000 and 6,000 young men and women have taken advantage of the instructions offered by this institution. A full realization of the vast benefit to the city, and the close relations the students have borne to the commercial interests of Richmond, can only be ob- tained by closely going over the rolls and noting the large per cent. of students who have identified themselves with the commercial activities of this community. Hundreds of country boys have been attracted to this beautiful Quaker City, and, having com- pleted their courses, have made Richmond their permanent homes. Our earliest knowledge of the college is found in the first directory published in Richmond, in 1857. Here appears this advertisement : "E. F. Bush. Mercantile College, established, April, 1857. The course in this college will be comprehensive, embracing sin- gle and double-entry bookkeeping, as applied to the different de- partments of trade and commerce, including commercial calcula- tion, business penmanship, and lectures upon the different branches of the commercial science.
"The proprietor has been engaged some seven years as prin- cipal teacher in two of the most prominent mercantile colleges in Cincinnati, and has also been a practical' bookkeeper in various kinds of business common to both city and country trade, which has enabled him, in preparing a system of accounts for the use of the school, to select such material ones as would be of the greatest practical utility.
"Instruction is given to every scholar individually; so that the applicant can enter the class at any time and progress ac- cording to capacity and application.
"The location of the institution possesses superior advan- tages, as the town is very healthy, beautifully situated, easy of access from all parts by railroads, and the expenses for board, etc., are much less than in larger cities.
"By proper attention, the course can be completed in from six to twelve weeks. Graduates have the privilege of returning and reviewing their studies at any time without any additional charge of tuition. Terms-full course, time unlimited, pay in ad- vance, $30."
Such was the founding of the first commercial school in Rich- mond. The records go to show that this school has been kept
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in continuous existence down to the present date. On the edi- torial page of the "Palladium," dated Nov. 17, 1859, is the an- nouncement that Prof. William Purdy, recent accountant in Gun- dry's Commercial College, of Cincinnati, Ohio, would open the school. An old student says of Mr. Purdy: "He was well known in Richmond by the old residents of that time. He made a very conspicuous figure, as he was very tidy and neat in dress, al- ways wore a black scissor-tail coat, carried a gold-headed cane and wore a silk hat." Mr. Purdy remained in charge one year. The school at that time was located in Henry's new building, south- west corner of Main and Franklin streets, now Seventh street. In 1860 the school was assumed by Milton Hollingsworth and John Gundry. Mr. Gundry was connected with a business col- lege at Cincinnati and was never in Richmond, the school being conducted by Mr. Hollingsworth. The scholarships were at this time interchangeable with the business college at Cincinnati; any one attending the Richmond school was privileged to attend at Cincinnati also. In 1865 the school was sold to Joseph W. Old- ham and Samuel H. Hill. Mr. Oldham seems to have been an adventurer and did not remain with the school long. He taught bookkeeping and Mr. Hill taught penmanship. C. C. Bradbury taught the school during 1866-7 for the above firm and became owner of it in 1867. He held the school one year and then sold it back to Milton Hollingsworth, who conducted the school until his death, about the year 1870. After his death his widow con- tinued the school, employing Mr. Bradbury as teacher during the years of 1871-2. Lewis C. Phillips taught the school in 1874-5.
During these years the attendance was about forty-five pupils. It seems that the school at Richmond was one of a chain of schools which Mr. Hollingsworth owned at Piqua, Hamilton, and Ur- bana, Ohio; Louisville, Ky .; and New Albany, Ind. The school was located, in 1870, in the third story of the Barrack Building, on the south side of Main, between Fifth and Sixth streets. It was moved, in 1871, to the third story of the Jerry Meek build- ing, northeast corner of Sixth and Main, from which place it was taken, in 1872, to the third story of the Irvin Reed Block. The school was purchased from Mrs. Hollingsworth by B. W. Bar- rows and, in 1876, John K. Beck obtained possession of it. Fred- erick C. Fulghum, of Arba, Ind., purchased a one-half interest in the school in 1881, becoming one of the instructors. Oscar E. Fulghum, son of F. C. Fulghum, was a student in the school in the year 1881, teaching in the school until 1883. He conducted
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a branch school in Connersville, Ind., during the winters, from 1884 to 1887. By purchasing J. K. Beck's interest in the school, he became partner of his father in 1887. The school at that time was located on the second floor of the Odd Fellow's build- ing, at the corner of Eighth and Main streets, from which place it was moved, in 1890, to the Friends' Normal School Building on North B street, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, where it has remained ever since.
The school was conducted as a partnership until 1898, when it was made an incorporated institution with the following trus- tees: F. C. Fulghum, O. E. Fulghum, Rev. J. W. Kapp, Joseph C. Ratliff, Timothy Nicholson, and Walter B. Fulghum. O. E. Fulghum was elected president and F. C. Fulghum, secretary. Upon the death of F. C. Fulghum, Dec. 28, 1906, Benjamin F. Wissler was elected a trustee. The courses of the institution have gradually developed with the age of the school. In the early history, the only subjects given much attention were penman- ship and bookkeeping, with occasional lectures on commercial law and business topics. Both the penmanship and the bookkeeping were conducted by merely copying correct forms. But the curri- culum of to-day is modernized in accordance with the systems used in the business world. It includes extensive drill in modern methods of bookkeeping for retail, wholesale, commission and job- bing houses, transportation offices, banks, partnerships, corpora- tions and consolidated corporations. Business English, Spelling. Correspondence, Arithmetic and Penmanship each have due recog- nition. In the Shorthand Department the subjects pursued are : Shorthand, Typewriting. Correspondence, Spelling, Penmanship, Grammar and Mimeographing. The time required for the average student to complete the Commercial course is about six months, the Shorthand course being completed in from three to four months. An English department is also conducted for the benefit of students who have not had the advantage of all the common school studies. In 1892 there was inaugurated the custom of holding public gradu- ating exercises. Since that time these exercises have been held bi-annually. The prominent men who have addressed the classes have been the late Governor Chase, John L. Griffiths, Judge Kirk- patrick, Secretary of State William D. Owens, Alexander H. Revell, and Gov. J. Frank Hanly.
The following is the list of the teachers who have been identified with the school since O. E. and F. C. Fulghum took possession, in 1887: Commercial Department -- W. H. Shrawder.
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Louis M. Thornburgh, F. F. Wildish, Francona Fulghum, Lucy Fulghum, Vintage Russell, W. Scott Hiser, Charles R. Wiers, Wil- liam F. Gray, Melvin Cassmore, Elbert L. Mote, A. J. Neill, Louis Campbell, Pearl Burke, Thomas L. Thurston, E. Francis Crosen, John McPherson, Walter B. Fulghum, Isaac Harrison; English Department-Dr. Meredith, Lindley Jackson, Fred Jackson, Ed- gar H. Ballard, Mary A. J. Ballard, Clarence Hollingsworth, Cur- tis Ailes, Benjamin Wissler, A. G. Gunder, Carolyn Carpenter, Hettie Elliott, Stephen A. Clinehens, Elizabeth Doan; Shorthand Department-Fannie Robinson, Elnora Robinson, Kate Fagan Uphaus, Emma Reynolds, J. W. Kapp, Florence Fetta Straw- bridge, Minnie Carpenter Hiser, Emma Bales Merry, Mrs. Melvin Cassmore, Alice M. Wells, Mary A. J. Ballard, Mary Gilmore, Lida Byers Davis.
An important epoch occurred in this school on Sept. 15, 1906, at which time the entire institution was merged with the Indiana Business College, which has schools in Lafayette, Logansport, Kokomo, Marion, Muncie, Anderson, Columbus and Indianapolis, in Indiana. Oscar E. Fulghum became interested in other lines of business activity and desired to dispose of the college; there- fore, he sought some reliable parties or institution to maintain the high standard of reputation and instruction which had been established. He found the Indiana Business College to meet the requirements. The school is now carried on the same as it was under the efficient management of Mr. Fulghum. W. H. Carrier, who was principal of the Anderson Business College, is manager, and Mrs. W. H. Carrier has charge of the shorthand department. The officers of the Indiana Business College are: President, J. D. Brunner; general manager and treasurer, Charles C. Cring; vice-president, R. F. Cummins; and secretary, W. H. Carrier. The head office is now established in Indianapolis, Ind., where the ad- vanced training department and employment of the institution is carried on, thus giving the pupils of the Richmond school addi- tional advantages.
CHAPTER XXIII.
TEMPERANCE AND MORAL REFORM.
SONS OF TEMPERANCE-GOOD TEMPLARS-WOMEN'S CRUSADE AND OTHER MOVEMENTS-THE FATHER MATHEW MOVEMENT AND OTHER SOCI- ETIES.
For more than 100 years Americans have had what the world calls freedom-the right to buy and sell and obtain wealth, to educate their children and to worship God as they chose. The country has grown up from a little persecuted band on Plymouth Rock to be an equal among the nations, in brain and wealth and population. It has come out conqueror through struggle and has broken the fetters of 4,000,000 of human beings. A few had stood on the watch-tower and knew how, notwithstanding all this prosperity, "the trail of the serpent was over it all." They saw the 60,000 drunkards going step-by-step into the trenches where there are no shrouds, no tears, no monuments, and the people wasting $500,000,000 year-by-year-enough to remove all the poverty of the land. They heard the great undertone that surges up from the cities where the wives and children die from want, exposure and brutal treatment. They saw the liquor traf- fic tearing down its breweries and distilleries and building greater, bribing highest officers of the land, making and unmaking laws, holding the government of cities, States and country under its control; but the mass of the people were indifferent or uncon- scious. In Baltimore, in 1840, six men, of different classes of labor and of intemperate habits, met together at one time and at one place (a saloon), where they had met before, and as none seemed inclined to call for their drinks and the feeling became known to each other, they felt a sudden hope springing up in their minds-a hope in the power of association. They organized themselves into a Society and called it the Washington Temper- ance Society. In every part of the Union the meetings of the re- formed men became the attraction of the time. An organization under this name was perfected in Wayne county in 1844 to 1846.
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