History of Leavenworth County Kansas, Part 1

Author: Hall, Jesse A; Hand, LeRoy T
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Topeka : Historical Publishing Company
Number of Pages: 684


USA > Kansas > Leavenworth County > History of Leavenworth County Kansas > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54



Gc 978.101 L48h 1336476


M. L


GENEALOGY COLLECTION


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01103 1686


HISTORY


OF


Leavenworth County Kansas


By


JESSE A. HALL and LEROY T. HAND


ILLUSTRATED


HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY TOPEKA. KANSAS 1921


1336476


-


-


JESSE A. HALL


067/75 19-88 81


ve ders $45,00


LEROY T. HAND


FOREWORD


It is not an easy task to write the history of such a county as Leaven- worth. Of all the counties in the State of Kansas, there is none so rich in historical lore. Carved, as it was, out of the heart of the wild and un- broken frontier; organized and developed amid the hardships and vicissi- tudes of pioneer days, its story is one of unusual historic interest. Many events had an influence in shaping its destiny. Less than a century ago, the territory of which it is now composed was a wild, unbroken waste, inhabited by the untutored Indian. Where once the council fire blazed and the wigwam of the red man stood, we now find unsurpassed commer- cial, industrial and social institutions have developed.


History is but a record of the happenings of human events, the per- . sonal element ever being present, and the history of a community or county is merely a record of those who have contributed to its upbuild- ing and advancement. Each step in the development of the above men- tioned institutions; each incident connected with the passing of the original inhabitants of the territory of which our country is now com- posed as well as the coming of the pioneers-our forefathers-is history today. Centered about every pioneer family; about the rude log cabin, long since deserted and fallen to decay; about the old landmarks that live now only in our memory; about the farms, and about the grave marked by some weather worn piece, there is a story worth the telling; a story that would interest someone. Unfortunately the authors have been compelled to eliminate much that they would like to tell owing to want of space.


Having finished our undertaking of writing a history of Leavenworth County, though not to our satisfaction, we look back upon our labor as one of love and pleasure. While the task has been a tedious one, yet we feel a bit of satisfaction in our belief that we have written a story of our county in "Leavenworth County" language; that it is not so much written as spoken and in a way that we feel the average citizen can read and understand. We claim for this work no literary merit, neither do


we claim absolute correctness. Errors have doubless occurred by rea- son of transcribing, typesetting and proof reading. Again much of this history as it is written herein has been handed down by word of mouth, and realizing as we do the frailty of human memory, we have attempted to arrive at the truth as best we could.


Thoughout this work we have tried to tell the story of Leavenworth County and its people simply and plainly with the hope that we might be able to present a substantially authentic history of our county and its people to which the present and future generations may refer with con- fidence and satisfaction as the years come and go, that it may be a per- manent record for all time, and incidentally to inspire, by the sweep of the story, a love for our county and our cities and an intelligent solicitude for their destiny.


Especial attention is directed to the biographical sketches which form a part of this volume. In these sketches will be found much interesting and valuable reading, from which the future historian may well compile a history of Leavenworth County. It is to be regretted that many others of our citizens have not availed themselves of the opportunity to perpet- uate the history of their families for the benefit of those who come after them. However, it is no fault of the editor, as the pages of this volume have been open to all who cared to respond to the invitation of the solicitors.


JESSE A. HALL, LEROY T. HAND.


Leavenworth, Kansas, May 1, 1921.


To the memory of our fathers and mothers-the hardships and adversity with which they have met as pioneers of this county-their unswerving devotion to us- the sacrifices that they have made for us- their honest toil and brave hearts, as an humble token of our grateful ap- preciation for the sacred her- itage they have left us in these, we respectfully dedicate this volume.


-THE AUTHORS.


INDEX


Adams, Dr. A. R. 357


Bullard, Henry Shelby 545


Adams, William


456


Burns, Peter 657


Alford, Dan A. 608


Burre, Fred 451


Anderson, James D. 568


Byrne, Francis A. 631


Anthony, D. R., Jr. 676


Cahill, Thomas 618


Arring, Henry C. 343


Campbell Bros. Tire Service Shop 413


Atkinson, D. I. 423


Campbell, C. V. 462


Baade, John 414


Campbell, John S. 447


Babcock, Samuel Z.


435


Carr, George E.


392


Baer, Bernard E.


610


Chambers, B. C.


627


Baker, Miss Lucy


576


Chapman, Ira N.


352


Banks, Leo 597


Cheatwood, James M.


477


Barnes, Cassius M. 344


Cheatwood, Joel


468


Barnes, John G.


350


Cherrie, Charles L.


376


Barrett, Charles R. 541


Chestnut, T. J.


395


Basehor State Bank 466


Clark, Leonidas C. 584


593


Becker, Richard E. 543


546


Cockerell, H. E. 601


Begley, Michael


503


Coe, Dr. Walter B. 562


Biddle, W. I. 646


Coffman, Allen 665


Biehler, H. T. 516


Cogan, Richard 393


Bleistein, Pete


614


Coldnen, Harry Isaac 367


Bodde, Lieu


660


Collins, Samuel P. 664


Boling, Dr. T. G. V.


426


Bollin, John N.


448


Concannon, Joseph 622


Bond, Lee 547


Connelly, Robert S. 628


Boone, Dr. Thomas John


355


Corson, Clarence W.


503


Bowen, A. A. 517


Cory, John Milton


403


Bransfield, W. J. 378


Cooper, Miss Julla 580


Bright, Ira J.


360


Courtney, Rufus 605


Brose, Tony


620


Courtney, William H. 382


Brown, Felix


406


Cox, Charles T. 375


Brown, Gus A.


403


Crites, Frank 589


Brown, Thomas J. 341


Curtin, Charles Edward 351


Browning, H. B. 663


Dassler, Charles F. W. 677


Brune, Henry J. 441


Davidson Brothers 611


Brune, J. F. 436


Davis, Theodore C. 569


Brune, Louis 439


Day, Minor H. 412


Brune, William M. 446


Defrees, Sjoerd 598


Buchanan, Benjamin B. 388


Dews, Mrs. T. C. 580


Bueckemann, Frank


463


Dick, Rev. A. G. 540


Bullard, Mrs. Cora Adelia 544


Dickenson, A. M.


675


Beal, George 549


Clark, J. L.


Cleavenger, Joseph D. 494


Becher, William


Colvin, Sidney O. 363


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


Dicks, Edward T. 373


Dohrn, Henry E. 602


Domann, William J. 485


Hashagen Brothers 417


Donnelly, Felix


672


Hassett, Dennis A. 452


Donovan, Benjamin J.


421


Hegarty, James 497


Donovan, J. H.


420


Heim, Charles J. 619


Doran, R. E.


426


Douglas, Earl


380


Henderson, William 445


Douglas, Oscar Lee 476


Drews, William F.


654


Hennessey, Thomas J. 661


Henry, Frank W. 556


Herries, David 534


Easton State Bank 511


Eberth, Ernest 606


Hicks, Charles H.


623


Hiesrodt, Lewis


595


Hill, Samuel H. 438


Hillner, William H. 564


Hinz Brothers & Company. 630


Ehart, William F. A. 515


Evans, John W.


555


Evans, Lemuel F., Jr. 670


Everhardy, Dr. J. L. 354


Everhardy, Peter


353


Farrell, Frank A.


641


Faulkner, R. F.


397


Fenning, C. M.


379


Fishback, Gustave H.


638


Flinner, Max 437


Folger, Arthur


638


Freeman, Robert W. 673


Fredrick, F. E. 525


Fuqua, J. T.


592


Geisen, Charles 645


Geraughty and Tetxor 381


Gilman, John Milton 400


Gist, Charles 429


Gist, Dr. William 430


Goble, W. F. 474


Goff, John


464


Gray, James B. 475


Grisham, James R. 473


Grootaers, Rev. A.


617


Haag, Peter W.


667


Hall, Jesse A. 651


Hall, T. F. 502


Hallenbeck, Hugh A. 572


Halpin, Mike


652


Hand, LeRoy T.


649


Harper, Floyd E. 591


Harris, F. P. 387


Jamieson, Charles R.


386


Jeffries, John H.


405


Johnson, Charles E.


574


Johnson, Orra S.


527


Justus, Herbert L. 348


Keating, Charles E.


628


Kelly, Rev. Bernard S. 550


Kemler, J. W. 479


Kemberling, Henry A. 565


Kenton, J. W. 466


Kennedy, Lawrence 498


Kennedy, Matthew C. 659


Kern, W. J.


418


Kesinger, Calvin


563


Klamm, John P. 471


Klinkenberg, Henry


581


Knipe, Ben H.


588


Knipe, Henry C. 632


Kopp, John N. 433


Kowalewski, Joseph


436


Krueger, Fred


507


Hogue Catholic Church 612


Hook, Miss Lucy V 334


Hooper, Duke 585


Hovey, Wallace Franklin 624


Hughey, F. L.


665


Hughey, John T. 496


Hunnius, Carl 356


Hunnius, Ernest


356


Hunt, Floyd 590


Jadicke, Oscar 495


Hiatt, Maurice W. 478


Edmonds, Charles


396


Eggert, Martin J.


359


Ehart, Adam 483


Ehart, Martin


483


Heim, John G. 508


Hennessy, John W. 525


Dunbar, C. C.


607


Dunnuck, A. G. 337


Harris, L. D. 387


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


Kruse, Dietrich 472


Kuhnhoff, George H. 434


Meyer, Charles Frederick 467


Kuhnhoff, W. A.


631


Morris, C. E.


637


Morris, Thomas


629


Laird, Jack J.


415


Mosse, Arthur St. Leger 487


Langworthy, Dr. Joseph Howard 369


Langworthy, Dr. S. B. 368


Lark, A. C.


431


Leakey, Dr. Eustace P.


561


Leeman, Robert L.


399


Nieman, John F. 514


Nirschl, Anton 480


656


Linwood State Bank


524


Ode, Henry 499


O'Dea, Dennis 504


Lohman, Fred W. 506


Lohman, H. A.


634


Lohman, Henry J. 389


Oplinger, Samuel


635


Papenhausen, Fred 558


Payeur, Francis 499


Lord, E. J. 592


Lowe, David C.


601


Lozensky, Marian


380


Lysle, E. D.


364


Lysle Milling Company, The


366


McAuliffe, Francis J.


363


McClure, Ross J. 411


McConkey, Melvin K. 644


Potter, Mrs. Grace J. Fisher 342


McCreary, Miller B.


444


Potter, O. J. 339


McEvoy, Patrick


501


McEvoy, Joseph P. 500


McFarland, John 582


Rapp, George L.


536


Robinson, I. W.


508


Roe, George William


505


McMillen, John 616


McNamee, James


557


McNaughton, Malcom N. 370


McNaughton, Samuel James


554


McNerney, E. C. 613


McRill, Kirby


668


Schmekel, Otto F.


679


McQuillan, Ed.


642


McQuillan, Peter


639


Martin, T. W.


522


Masterson, Charles H.


416


Mayer, J. H. 460


Sedgwick, John


577


Mayer, Reinhart 662


Medill, Sherman 334


Seeley, Dr. Timothy D.


551


Meinke, Theo. 529


Seifert, Charles 539


Seifert, Roy 535


604


Rumford's Ford Hospital


422


Rush, Lon


390


Sanders, Louis P. 570


Sass, Christian


511


Schmidt, John 442


Schroeder, Gus 587


Schweizer, George 492


Seckler, Harry H.


648


Sedgwick, John C. 675


Mensing, C. F. 586


Mottin, J. F. 487


Mottin, L. A. 656


Murr, Henry


566


New, Oliver F. 626


Linaweaver, W. J.


384


Linwood Soap Powder Co.


530


Logan, Frank W.


490


O'Donnell, J. J., Jr. 409


Oplinger, Christian 636


Loomis, Calvin Willard


512


Lord, C. L. 594


Peters, Jordan B. 578


Petherbridge, R. M. 465


Pettit, C. E. 428


Phelps, E. Rice 457


Poberezny, Peter 599


Porter, George


514


Porter, S. C. 410


Potter, F. M. 346


Powell, James W. Pulley, T. C.


626


McGuire Brothers Clothing Company 548 McIntire, George J. 385


Rozendal, Gerardus


424


Lozensky, John


380


Ode, August


Meyer, Charles G.


621


La Caille, William L. 432


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


Seifert, Wallace


596


Timpe, Frank 655


Seitz, John C.


378


Seymour, Robert L.


394


Townsend, Charles D. 349


Sharpe, William F.


491


Townsend, Charles E.


418


Tudhope, John 520


Short, H. C.


530


Shrey, Carist


609


Siscoe, Clyde F.


528


Smelser, John


526


Unmessig, William H. 459


Victor Manufacturing Company 401


Snyder, Charles E.


373


Voorhees, Joseph


532


Voorhees, Prof. Eph. 560


Waelti, Dr. Christlan 533


Walden, William 470


Walker, John C.


374


Ward, Samuel H.


669


Warring, Dr. J. W.


519


Weingarth, Louis Smith


633


Wellhouse, Frederick


552


Wendel, William


518


White, James G.


488


Wilson, Russell


539


Wilson, Thomas K.


537


Wise, F. L.


423


Wosser, Thomas


440


Taylor, Capt. John T.


332


Wortman, John


407


Taylor, Thomas


571


Wright, John W.


454


Taschetta, Peter V.


588


Wuerth, Franklin


361


Yoakum, Robert B.


443


Timberlake, James F.


391


Twomey, Rev. Jerome 612


Uhlrich, Frank


450


Unmessig, A. A. 455


Smith, Walter C.


461


Snyder, E. W.


371


Sparks, W. W.


643


Spaulding, Joseph


412


Spears, Baxter


596


Specialty Garage and Manufacturing


Company


419


Stafford, R. W.


509


Stein, Otto


658


Stephenson, William J.


482


Stevenson, George A.


377


Stigleman, Martin L.


449


St. Joseph's Church of the Valley


617


Stoneburner, B. W.


430


Swan, Charles Morehead


408


Thornburgh, Giles H.


501


Yoakum, Walter C.


443


Toffler, Morris


459


History of Leavenworth County


CHAPTER I


-


-


INDIAN HISTORY


THE KANSAS PRINCIPAL VILLAGES-THE TRIBE REMOVAL-CHARACTERISTICS- NOTED CHIEFS-TREATY OF 1806-DELAWARES AND KICKAPOOS-TREATIES - LEGENDS -CHIEFS-"JOURNEY CAKE" -"KETCHUM"- CUSTOMS-OTHER TREATIES 97-104


CHAPTER II


_ EARLY EXPLORATIONS _


-


THE NEW WORLD-SPANISH EARLIEST CLAIMANT-PONCE DE LEON-PAMPHILO DE NARAVEZ-CABEZA DE VACA- CORONADO TREATMENT OF INDIANS- FRENCH EXPLORERS-MARQUETTE-LA SALLE-CROZAT GRANT-DU TISS- NETT EXPEDITION-FORT ERECTED LOUISIANA PURCHASE-LEWIS AND CLARKE-DANIEL BOONE 105-114


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


CHAPTER III


EARLY SETTLEMENTS


COLONEL LEAVENWORTH-FIRST SETTLERS "SQUATTERS"-TOWN COMPANY- SALE OF LOTS-EARLY INDUSTRIES-FIRST STORES-NEWSPAPERS-HOTELS -EARLY FLOUR MILLS-BREWERIES-SCHOOLS-THEATERS-PUBLIC HALLS -BANKING CHURCHES 115-136


CHAPTER IV


EARLY SETTLEMENTS CONTINUED.


KICKAPOO-DELAWARE-EASTON-SPRINGDALE-TONGANOXIE-RENO 137-153


CHAPTER V


PIONEER LIFE AND HOMES


-


TYPES OF PIONEERS-THEIR HOMES-HOW HOMINY WAS MADE-HOSPITALITY- IMPLEMENTS AND CLOTHING-THE TYPICAL PIONEER-THE PIONEER WOMEN 154-158


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


CHAPTER VI


FIRST THINGS IN CITY AND COUNTY


CHAPTER VII


EARLY DAY TRANSPORTATION AND HIGHWAYS


STEAMBOATING ON THE MISSOURI-LANDING-EARLY HIGHWAYS AND TRAILS OTHER ROADS STAGE ROUTES SALT LAKE TRAIL-SANTA FE TRAIL-OXEN USED-METHOD OF TRAVEL. 166-170


CHAPTER VIII


FORT LEAVENWORTH


SELECTED BY COL. LEAVENWORTH-BOUNDARIES-DESCRIPTION-BUILDINGS- WATER WORKS-SCHOOL-CHAPEL AND OTHER BUILDINGS-DURING WORLD WAR-A BASE OF SUPPLIES DURING WARS COMMANDANTS-ARMY SERVICE SCHOOL-DISCIPLANARY BARRACKS 171-180


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


CHAPTER IX


-


7


ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY.


1


TERRITORIAL ACT OF 1855-BOUNDARIES DEFINED-TOWNSHIPS ORGANIZED- COURT HOUSE-COUNTY OFFICERS. 181-199


CHAPTER X


LEAVENWORTH CITY.


-


FORM OF GOVERNMENT-OFFICERS FIRE DEPARTMENT-POLICE DEPARTMENT -CEMETERIES CUSHING HOSPITAL-KANSAS ORPHAN ASYLUM-PUBLIC LI- BRARY-PUBLIC SCHOOLS-CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 200-209


CHAPTER XI


SLAVERY QUESTION AND THE CIVIL WAR.


MASON AND DIXON LINE-MISSOURI COMPROMISE-PLATTE PURCHASE-WILMOT PROVISO-DRED SCOTT DECISION-COMPROMISE OF 1850-KANSAS-NEBRASKA BILL "SQUATTERS" SALT CREEK MEETING-PRO-SLAVERY BANDS-EAST- ERN IMMIGRATION-LEAVENWORTH COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR-MILITARY LEADERS 210-221


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


CHAPTER XII


CHURCHES


THE FIRST METHODIST-FIRST CHRISTIAN-EVANGELICAL GERMAN LUTHERAN- EPISCOPAL-JEWISH-PRESBYTERIAN -CONGREGATIONAL-EPISCOPAL, ST. PAUL'S-CATHOLIC-FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST 222-243


CHAPTER XIII


LODGES, CLUBS AND SOCIETIES.


ABDALLAH TEMPLE-MASONIC LODGES-KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS-INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS-MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA-WOMAN'S AUX- ILIARY OF AMERICAN LEGION-KANSAS FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS- CHAUTAUQUA ASSOCIATION-YEOMEN-KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS 244-256


CHAPTER XIV


NATIONAL AND STATE INSTITUTIONS


NATIONAL MILITARY HOME-UNITED STATES PENITENTIARY-STATE PENITEN- TIARY 257-261


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


CHAPTER XV


-


THE PRESS


-


"THE KANSAS HERALD"-"TERRITORIAL REGISTER"-"THE JOURNAL"-"YOUNG AMERICA"-OTHER PIONEER NEWSPAPERS-LATER PUBLICATIONS-THE LEAVENWORTH TIMES THE LEAVENWORTH POST 262-266


CHAPTER XVI


MEDICAL PROFESSION


FIRST PHYSICIANS CAME WITH THE ARMY-FIRST ON THE TOWNSITE-EARLY PHYSICIANS-KICKAPOO-OTHER SMALL TOWNS-PROMINENT DOCTORS- SANITARY COMMISSION ESTABLISHED-U. S. MILITARY HOSPITAL-OTHER HOSPITALS-"MEDICAL HERALD"-PRESENT DAY PHYSICIANS. 267-271


CHAPTER XVII


THE LEAVENWORTH COUNTY BAR


TERRITORIAL CODE OF PROCEDURE-JUDGES APPOINTED-JUDICIAL DISTRICTS- FIRST TERRITORIAL COURT AT LEAVENWORTH-ATTORNEYS ADMIT- TED 272-293


ILLUSTRATIONS


Adams, William


456


Barnes, C. M.


344


Bollin, J. N. 448


Bright, Ira J.


360


Bullard, Mrs. Cora A.


544


Cherrie, C. L.


376


Cherrie, Mrs. C. L.


376


Court House, Leavenworth County.


97


D. A. R. Room in Leavenworth County Court House


248


Ft. Leavenworth, Marking the Beginning of


176


Gilman, John M.


400


Goff, John and Family


464


Grist Mill, The Jacob Rapp


536


Hall, Jesse A.


Hand, LeRoy T.


144 496


Kruse, Dietrich


472


Langworthy, Dr. S. B


368


Leavenworth, View of.


200


Library, Public


224


Linaweaver, W. J.


384


Linaweaver, Mrs .-- W. J


384


Loomis, Calvin W.


512 512


Motor Company, Leavenworth


416


Nirschl, William, John and Carl H.


480


O'Dea, Residence of Dennis


504


Powell, J. W.


424


Siscoe, Family and Residence of C. F.


528


Steamboating on the Missouri


112


Swan, C. M.


408


Taylor, Capt. John T.


332


Transportation, Early Day


168


Tudhope Family, Five Generations of


520


Wellhouse, Frederick 552


White, Mr. and Mrs. James W 488


World War Veterans, Banquet to 296


Wosser, Thomas and Grandsons, Owen and Francis Buchanan 440


Frontispiece Frontispiece


High School, Leavenworth and Cadets


Hughey, John T., and Family


Loomis, Mrs. Mary


LEAVENWORTH COUNTY COURT HOUSE


History of Leavenworth County


CHAPTER I


INDIAN HISTORY


THE KANSAS-PRINCIPAL VILLAGES-THE TRIBE REMOVAL-CHARACTERISTICS- NOTED CHIEFS-TREATY OF 1806-DELAWARES AND KICKAPOOS-TREATIES - LEGENDS -CHIEFS-"JOURNEY CAKE" -"KETCHUM"- CUSTOMS - OTHER TREATIES.


The earliest known inhabitants of the territory which now comprises Leavenworth County was a tribe of Indians known as the Kansas. Early day historical accounts vary greatly in the spelling of the name. They were frequently known and referred to as the Canceas, Kansez, Canzas, Canzes, Okanis, Cances, Kansies, Canzon, Kanzon, Konza, Konzas and the Kasas. It was not until 1854, when Edward Everett Hale wrote his "Ac- count of Emigrant Aid Companies and Directions to Emigrants," under the title of "Kanzas and Nebraska," that the spelling of the word was finally settled upon as Kanzas, in preference to what he terms the more fashion- able way of spelling it, "Kansas." The name of our state as well as.the river, Kansas, which flows through it from west to east, draining a major portion of it, was derived from the name of this early Indian tribe.


Early historical accounts of this tribe place their lands and country as north of the Kansas River of today and along the western banks of the Missouri. The tribe was known to have been divided up into two principal villages referred to as the upper and lower village. What was known as


(3)


98


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


the lower village was located about forty miles north of the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers, the present site of Kansas City, Missouri.


In 1804 when the explorers, Lewis and Clarke, ascended the Missouri River they reported that they were unable to find any trace of the lower Kanzas village but had found at its location the ruins of an old French fort that had apparently been abandoned some twenty-five or thirty years pre- vious. It is believed that the cause of the Kanzas removing from this locality was due to the war-like encroachments of the Iowas and Sacs, tribes to the northward who had previously had extensive dealings with Mississippi Valley traders, had been abundantly supplied with firearms and were desirous of obtaining the hunting and trapping grounds of the Kanzas.


Upon leaving their country, which extended over all of the territory of which Leavenworth County is now composed, the Kanzas removed to a point situated on the Kansas River, near the present location of Manhattan, Kansas. It was not until June, 1825, that the Kanzas ceded their lands, of which Leavenworth County is now a part, to the United States by treaty. The treaty by which they ceded their lands was made at St. Louis, June 3, 1825, with Superintendent of Indian Affairs Clarke and, with reference to the land ceded, reads in part as follows:


"Beginning at the entrance of the Kansas River into the Missouri River; from thence North to the North West corner of the state of Mis- souri, from thence westerly to the Nodaway River, thirty miles from its entrance into the Missouri River and with that river, (the Nemaha), to its source; from thence to the source of the Kansas River, leaving the old village of the Pania (Pawnee) Republic to the West; from thence on the ridge dividing the waters of the Kansas River from those of the Arkansas, to the westerly line of the state of Missouri; and with that line Thirty miles to place of beginning."


According to the terms of the treaty, the United States Government was to pay in consideration of the ceding of the above described lands the sum of $3,500.00 per year for a period of twenty years to the tribe. In addition thereto a reservation was made to the Indians of a tract of land near the present location of Manhattan, Kansas, and the govern- ment was to provide the Indians with stock and agricultural implements, and was to supply them with a blacksmith and furnish them a teacher of agriculture.


The Kanzas, or "Kaws," as they were sometimes known by the French contraction of the word, Kanza, which signifies "Smoky," were


99


HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


said to have been more or less inclined to be a peaceful tribe. They were more industrious than some of the tribes west of the Mississippi, yet there was great room for improvement. Their requirement in their treaty of 1825 with the United States Government, that they be furnished agricultural implements, a blacksmith and teacher of agriculture, would indicate that they were desirous of deserting the chase and hunt as a means of obtaining a livelihood and resorting to the tilling of the soil. Their treatment of visitors has always been recorded as generous and considerate. In the journals of M. de Bourgmont, the French explores, it is said that they believed in a Great Spirit; had crude forms of re- ligious worship; a code of ethics existed which looked with extreme dis- taste upon such a crime as drunkenness. Insanity among them was unknown. Their language was the dialect of the Dacotahs. Among their most noted chiefs were "Na-he-da-ba" or Long Neck; "Ka-he-ga- wa-ta-ning-ga" or Little Chief, and "Shen-ga-ne-ga." To the south of this tribe dwelt the Osages, with which they occasionally became in- volved in disputes. At a grand council of these tribes held at Pawnee village, Republic, September 28, 1806, a treaty was entered into between them and the United States Government, the government being represented by Lieut. Zebulon Montgomery Pike and Lieut. J. B. Wilkinson, which reads as follows :


"In council held by the subscribers, at the village of the Pawnee Re- public, appeared Wahonsongay with eight principal soldiers of the Kansas nation on the one part, and Shin-ga-wasa, a chief of the Osage nation, with four of the warriors of the Grand and Little Osage villages on the other part. After having smoked the pipe of peace, and buried past ani- mosities, they individually and jointly bound themselves in behalf of and for their respective nations to observe a friendly intercourse and keep a permanent peace, and mutually pledge themselves to use every influence to further the commands and wishes of their great father.


"We, therefore, American Chiefs, do require of each nation, a strict observance of the above treaty, as they value the good will of their great father, the President of the United States.


"Done at our council fire, at the Pawnee Republic village, the 28th day of September, 1806, and the Thirty-first year of American Independence.


"(Signed) "Z. M. Pike,


"J. B. Wilkinson."


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HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY


The above treaty as entered into by the chiefs of the Kanzas and Osage tribes was never broken.


With the removal of the Kanzas from the territory of which Leaven- worth County is now a part, came the entrance of two other tribes, the Delawares and Kickapoos, of which more is known. In the year 1818 at St. Mary's, Ohio, the Delaware or Lenni Lenapes ceded all lands held by them in the State of Indiana. Part of the consideration being that the government was to furnish them with a country west of the Mississippi in which to reside. Subsequent to this they were assigned certain tracts of land in the State of Missouri to which they removed. On September 24, 1829, the Delawares again ceded their lands by treaty to the govern- ment and were granted lands further west and in what was later to be organized into Kansas Territory and of which Leavenworth County was to become a part. In the treaty granting the lands last mentioned to the Delawares, the tract granted them is described as follows: "The country in the fork of the Kanzas and Missouri rivers extending up the Kanzas river to where the Kanzas (Indians) live and up the Missouri River to Camp Leavenworth and thence West by a line drawn westerly leaving a space ten miles wde North of Kanzas boundary as an outlet."


This tract of land as ceded to the Delawares comprised the greater portion of what is now Leavenworth County. Of this tract of land granted them, the Delawares on December 14, 1843, sold to the Wyan- dottes triangular tract at the junction of the Kansas and Missouri rivers which comprised the greater portion of what is now Wyandotte County. Later, and on May 6, 1854, the Delawares ceded to the United States Gov- ernment by treaty practically all of their lands excepting a strip ten miles wide on the north bank of the Kansas River beginning at the western boundary of the Wyandotte lands and extending forty miles westward. This strip, commonly known and referred to as the "Delaware Strip," "Delaware Reserve," and "Delaware Trust Lands," remained in possession of the tribe until May 30, 1860, when it was ceded by the Delawares to the United States Government by treaty.




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