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Gc 978.101 L48h 1336476
M. L
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01103 1686
HISTORY
OF
Leavenworth County Kansas
By
JESSE A. HALL and LEROY T. HAND
ILLUSTRATED
HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY TOPEKA. KANSAS 1921
1336476
-
-
JESSE A. HALL
067/75 19-88 81
ve ders $45,00
LEROY T. HAND
FOREWORD
It is not an easy task to write the history of such a county as Leaven- worth. Of all the counties in the State of Kansas, there is none so rich in historical lore. Carved, as it was, out of the heart of the wild and un- broken frontier; organized and developed amid the hardships and vicissi- tudes of pioneer days, its story is one of unusual historic interest. Many events had an influence in shaping its destiny. Less than a century ago, the territory of which it is now composed was a wild, unbroken waste, inhabited by the untutored Indian. Where once the council fire blazed and the wigwam of the red man stood, we now find unsurpassed commer- cial, industrial and social institutions have developed.
History is but a record of the happenings of human events, the per- . sonal element ever being present, and the history of a community or county is merely a record of those who have contributed to its upbuild- ing and advancement. Each step in the development of the above men- tioned institutions; each incident connected with the passing of the original inhabitants of the territory of which our country is now com- posed as well as the coming of the pioneers-our forefathers-is history today. Centered about every pioneer family; about the rude log cabin, long since deserted and fallen to decay; about the old landmarks that live now only in our memory; about the farms, and about the grave marked by some weather worn piece, there is a story worth the telling; a story that would interest someone. Unfortunately the authors have been compelled to eliminate much that they would like to tell owing to want of space.
Having finished our undertaking of writing a history of Leavenworth County, though not to our satisfaction, we look back upon our labor as one of love and pleasure. While the task has been a tedious one, yet we feel a bit of satisfaction in our belief that we have written a story of our county in "Leavenworth County" language; that it is not so much written as spoken and in a way that we feel the average citizen can read and understand. We claim for this work no literary merit, neither do
we claim absolute correctness. Errors have doubless occurred by rea- son of transcribing, typesetting and proof reading. Again much of this history as it is written herein has been handed down by word of mouth, and realizing as we do the frailty of human memory, we have attempted to arrive at the truth as best we could.
Thoughout this work we have tried to tell the story of Leavenworth County and its people simply and plainly with the hope that we might be able to present a substantially authentic history of our county and its people to which the present and future generations may refer with con- fidence and satisfaction as the years come and go, that it may be a per- manent record for all time, and incidentally to inspire, by the sweep of the story, a love for our county and our cities and an intelligent solicitude for their destiny.
Especial attention is directed to the biographical sketches which form a part of this volume. In these sketches will be found much interesting and valuable reading, from which the future historian may well compile a history of Leavenworth County. It is to be regretted that many others of our citizens have not availed themselves of the opportunity to perpet- uate the history of their families for the benefit of those who come after them. However, it is no fault of the editor, as the pages of this volume have been open to all who cared to respond to the invitation of the solicitors.
JESSE A. HALL, LEROY T. HAND.
Leavenworth, Kansas, May 1, 1921.
To the memory of our fathers and mothers-the hardships and adversity with which they have met as pioneers of this county-their unswerving devotion to us- the sacrifices that they have made for us- their honest toil and brave hearts, as an humble token of our grateful ap- preciation for the sacred her- itage they have left us in these, we respectfully dedicate this volume.
-THE AUTHORS.
INDEX
Adams, Dr. A. R. 357
Bullard, Henry Shelby 545
Adams, William
456
Burns, Peter 657
Alford, Dan A. 608
Burre, Fred 451
Anderson, James D. 568
Byrne, Francis A. 631
Anthony, D. R., Jr. 676
Cahill, Thomas 618
Arring, Henry C. 343
Campbell Bros. Tire Service Shop 413
Atkinson, D. I. 423
Campbell, C. V. 462
Baade, John 414
Campbell, John S. 447
Babcock, Samuel Z.
435
Carr, George E.
392
Baer, Bernard E.
610
Chambers, B. C.
627
Baker, Miss Lucy
576
Chapman, Ira N.
352
Banks, Leo 597
Cheatwood, James M.
477
Barnes, Cassius M. 344
Cheatwood, Joel
468
Barnes, John G.
350
Cherrie, Charles L.
376
Barrett, Charles R. 541
Chestnut, T. J.
395
Basehor State Bank 466
Clark, Leonidas C. 584
593
Becker, Richard E. 543
546
Cockerell, H. E. 601
Begley, Michael
503
Coe, Dr. Walter B. 562
Biddle, W. I. 646
Coffman, Allen 665
Biehler, H. T. 516
Cogan, Richard 393
Bleistein, Pete
614
Coldnen, Harry Isaac 367
Bodde, Lieu
660
Collins, Samuel P. 664
Boling, Dr. T. G. V.
426
Bollin, John N.
448
Concannon, Joseph 622
Bond, Lee 547
Connelly, Robert S. 628
Boone, Dr. Thomas John
355
Corson, Clarence W.
503
Bowen, A. A. 517
Cory, John Milton
403
Bransfield, W. J. 378
Cooper, Miss Julla 580
Bright, Ira J.
360
Courtney, Rufus 605
Brose, Tony
620
Courtney, William H. 382
Brown, Felix
406
Cox, Charles T. 375
Brown, Gus A.
403
Crites, Frank 589
Brown, Thomas J. 341
Curtin, Charles Edward 351
Browning, H. B. 663
Dassler, Charles F. W. 677
Brune, Henry J. 441
Davidson Brothers 611
Brune, J. F. 436
Davis, Theodore C. 569
Brune, Louis 439
Day, Minor H. 412
Brune, William M. 446
Defrees, Sjoerd 598
Buchanan, Benjamin B. 388
Dews, Mrs. T. C. 580
Bueckemann, Frank
463
Dick, Rev. A. G. 540
Bullard, Mrs. Cora Adelia 544
Dickenson, A. M.
675
Beal, George 549
Clark, J. L.
Cleavenger, Joseph D. 494
Becher, William
Colvin, Sidney O. 363
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
Dicks, Edward T. 373
Dohrn, Henry E. 602
Domann, William J. 485
Hashagen Brothers 417
Donnelly, Felix
672
Hassett, Dennis A. 452
Donovan, Benjamin J.
421
Hegarty, James 497
Donovan, J. H.
420
Heim, Charles J. 619
Doran, R. E.
426
Douglas, Earl
380
Henderson, William 445
Douglas, Oscar Lee 476
Drews, William F.
654
Hennessey, Thomas J. 661
Henry, Frank W. 556
Herries, David 534
Easton State Bank 511
Eberth, Ernest 606
Hicks, Charles H.
623
Hiesrodt, Lewis
595
Hill, Samuel H. 438
Hillner, William H. 564
Hinz Brothers & Company. 630
Ehart, William F. A. 515
Evans, John W.
555
Evans, Lemuel F., Jr. 670
Everhardy, Dr. J. L. 354
Everhardy, Peter
353
Farrell, Frank A.
641
Faulkner, R. F.
397
Fenning, C. M.
379
Fishback, Gustave H.
638
Flinner, Max 437
Folger, Arthur
638
Freeman, Robert W. 673
Fredrick, F. E. 525
Fuqua, J. T.
592
Geisen, Charles 645
Geraughty and Tetxor 381
Gilman, John Milton 400
Gist, Charles 429
Gist, Dr. William 430
Goble, W. F. 474
Goff, John
464
Gray, James B. 475
Grisham, James R. 473
Grootaers, Rev. A.
617
Haag, Peter W.
667
Hall, Jesse A. 651
Hall, T. F. 502
Hallenbeck, Hugh A. 572
Halpin, Mike
652
Hand, LeRoy T.
649
Harper, Floyd E. 591
Harris, F. P. 387
Jamieson, Charles R.
386
Jeffries, John H.
405
Johnson, Charles E.
574
Johnson, Orra S.
527
Justus, Herbert L. 348
Keating, Charles E.
628
Kelly, Rev. Bernard S. 550
Kemler, J. W. 479
Kemberling, Henry A. 565
Kenton, J. W. 466
Kennedy, Lawrence 498
Kennedy, Matthew C. 659
Kern, W. J.
418
Kesinger, Calvin
563
Klamm, John P. 471
Klinkenberg, Henry
581
Knipe, Ben H.
588
Knipe, Henry C. 632
Kopp, John N. 433
Kowalewski, Joseph
436
Krueger, Fred
507
Hogue Catholic Church 612
Hook, Miss Lucy V 334
Hooper, Duke 585
Hovey, Wallace Franklin 624
Hughey, F. L.
665
Hughey, John T. 496
Hunnius, Carl 356
Hunnius, Ernest
356
Hunt, Floyd 590
Jadicke, Oscar 495
Hiatt, Maurice W. 478
Edmonds, Charles
396
Eggert, Martin J.
359
Ehart, Adam 483
Ehart, Martin
483
Heim, John G. 508
Hennessy, John W. 525
Dunbar, C. C.
607
Dunnuck, A. G. 337
Harris, L. D. 387
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
Kruse, Dietrich 472
Kuhnhoff, George H. 434
Meyer, Charles Frederick 467
Kuhnhoff, W. A.
631
Morris, C. E.
637
Morris, Thomas
629
Laird, Jack J.
415
Mosse, Arthur St. Leger 487
Langworthy, Dr. Joseph Howard 369
Langworthy, Dr. S. B. 368
Lark, A. C.
431
Leakey, Dr. Eustace P.
561
Leeman, Robert L.
399
Nieman, John F. 514
Nirschl, Anton 480
656
Linwood State Bank
524
Ode, Henry 499
O'Dea, Dennis 504
Lohman, Fred W. 506
Lohman, H. A.
634
Lohman, Henry J. 389
Oplinger, Samuel
635
Papenhausen, Fred 558
Payeur, Francis 499
Lord, E. J. 592
Lowe, David C.
601
Lozensky, Marian
380
Lysle, E. D.
364
Lysle Milling Company, The
366
McAuliffe, Francis J.
363
McClure, Ross J. 411
McConkey, Melvin K. 644
Potter, Mrs. Grace J. Fisher 342
McCreary, Miller B.
444
Potter, O. J. 339
McEvoy, Patrick
501
McEvoy, Joseph P. 500
McFarland, John 582
Rapp, George L.
536
Robinson, I. W.
508
Roe, George William
505
McMillen, John 616
McNamee, James
557
McNaughton, Malcom N. 370
McNaughton, Samuel James
554
McNerney, E. C. 613
McRill, Kirby
668
Schmekel, Otto F.
679
McQuillan, Ed.
642
McQuillan, Peter
639
Martin, T. W.
522
Masterson, Charles H.
416
Mayer, J. H. 460
Sedgwick, John
577
Mayer, Reinhart 662
Medill, Sherman 334
Seeley, Dr. Timothy D.
551
Meinke, Theo. 529
Seifert, Charles 539
Seifert, Roy 535
604
Rumford's Ford Hospital
422
Rush, Lon
390
Sanders, Louis P. 570
Sass, Christian
511
Schmidt, John 442
Schroeder, Gus 587
Schweizer, George 492
Seckler, Harry H.
648
Sedgwick, John C. 675
Mensing, C. F. 586
Mottin, J. F. 487
Mottin, L. A. 656
Murr, Henry
566
New, Oliver F. 626
Linaweaver, W. J.
384
Linwood Soap Powder Co.
530
Logan, Frank W.
490
O'Donnell, J. J., Jr. 409
Oplinger, Christian 636
Loomis, Calvin Willard
512
Lord, C. L. 594
Peters, Jordan B. 578
Petherbridge, R. M. 465
Pettit, C. E. 428
Phelps, E. Rice 457
Poberezny, Peter 599
Porter, George
514
Porter, S. C. 410
Potter, F. M. 346
Powell, James W. Pulley, T. C.
626
McGuire Brothers Clothing Company 548 McIntire, George J. 385
Rozendal, Gerardus
424
Lozensky, John
380
Ode, August
Meyer, Charles G.
621
La Caille, William L. 432
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
Seifert, Wallace
596
Timpe, Frank 655
Seitz, John C.
378
Seymour, Robert L.
394
Townsend, Charles D. 349
Sharpe, William F.
491
Townsend, Charles E.
418
Tudhope, John 520
Short, H. C.
530
Shrey, Carist
609
Siscoe, Clyde F.
528
Smelser, John
526
Unmessig, William H. 459
Victor Manufacturing Company 401
Snyder, Charles E.
373
Voorhees, Joseph
532
Voorhees, Prof. Eph. 560
Waelti, Dr. Christlan 533
Walden, William 470
Walker, John C.
374
Ward, Samuel H.
669
Warring, Dr. J. W.
519
Weingarth, Louis Smith
633
Wellhouse, Frederick
552
Wendel, William
518
White, James G.
488
Wilson, Russell
539
Wilson, Thomas K.
537
Wise, F. L.
423
Wosser, Thomas
440
Taylor, Capt. John T.
332
Wortman, John
407
Taylor, Thomas
571
Wright, John W.
454
Taschetta, Peter V.
588
Wuerth, Franklin
361
Yoakum, Robert B.
443
Timberlake, James F.
391
Twomey, Rev. Jerome 612
Uhlrich, Frank
450
Unmessig, A. A. 455
Smith, Walter C.
461
Snyder, E. W.
371
Sparks, W. W.
643
Spaulding, Joseph
412
Spears, Baxter
596
Specialty Garage and Manufacturing
Company
419
Stafford, R. W.
509
Stein, Otto
658
Stephenson, William J.
482
Stevenson, George A.
377
Stigleman, Martin L.
449
St. Joseph's Church of the Valley
617
Stoneburner, B. W.
430
Swan, Charles Morehead
408
Thornburgh, Giles H.
501
Yoakum, Walter C.
443
Toffler, Morris
459
History of Leavenworth County
CHAPTER I
-
-
INDIAN HISTORY
THE KANSAS PRINCIPAL VILLAGES-THE TRIBE REMOVAL-CHARACTERISTICS- NOTED CHIEFS-TREATY OF 1806-DELAWARES AND KICKAPOOS-TREATIES - LEGENDS -CHIEFS-"JOURNEY CAKE" -"KETCHUM"- CUSTOMS-OTHER TREATIES 97-104
CHAPTER II
_ EARLY EXPLORATIONS _
-
THE NEW WORLD-SPANISH EARLIEST CLAIMANT-PONCE DE LEON-PAMPHILO DE NARAVEZ-CABEZA DE VACA- CORONADO TREATMENT OF INDIANS- FRENCH EXPLORERS-MARQUETTE-LA SALLE-CROZAT GRANT-DU TISS- NETT EXPEDITION-FORT ERECTED LOUISIANA PURCHASE-LEWIS AND CLARKE-DANIEL BOONE 105-114
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
CHAPTER III
EARLY SETTLEMENTS
COLONEL LEAVENWORTH-FIRST SETTLERS "SQUATTERS"-TOWN COMPANY- SALE OF LOTS-EARLY INDUSTRIES-FIRST STORES-NEWSPAPERS-HOTELS -EARLY FLOUR MILLS-BREWERIES-SCHOOLS-THEATERS-PUBLIC HALLS -BANKING CHURCHES 115-136
CHAPTER IV
EARLY SETTLEMENTS CONTINUED.
KICKAPOO-DELAWARE-EASTON-SPRINGDALE-TONGANOXIE-RENO 137-153
CHAPTER V
PIONEER LIFE AND HOMES
-
TYPES OF PIONEERS-THEIR HOMES-HOW HOMINY WAS MADE-HOSPITALITY- IMPLEMENTS AND CLOTHING-THE TYPICAL PIONEER-THE PIONEER WOMEN 154-158
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
CHAPTER VI
FIRST THINGS IN CITY AND COUNTY
CHAPTER VII
EARLY DAY TRANSPORTATION AND HIGHWAYS
STEAMBOATING ON THE MISSOURI-LANDING-EARLY HIGHWAYS AND TRAILS OTHER ROADS STAGE ROUTES SALT LAKE TRAIL-SANTA FE TRAIL-OXEN USED-METHOD OF TRAVEL. 166-170
CHAPTER VIII
FORT LEAVENWORTH
SELECTED BY COL. LEAVENWORTH-BOUNDARIES-DESCRIPTION-BUILDINGS- WATER WORKS-SCHOOL-CHAPEL AND OTHER BUILDINGS-DURING WORLD WAR-A BASE OF SUPPLIES DURING WARS COMMANDANTS-ARMY SERVICE SCHOOL-DISCIPLANARY BARRACKS 171-180
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
CHAPTER IX
-
7
ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY.
1
TERRITORIAL ACT OF 1855-BOUNDARIES DEFINED-TOWNSHIPS ORGANIZED- COURT HOUSE-COUNTY OFFICERS. 181-199
CHAPTER X
LEAVENWORTH CITY.
-
FORM OF GOVERNMENT-OFFICERS FIRE DEPARTMENT-POLICE DEPARTMENT -CEMETERIES CUSHING HOSPITAL-KANSAS ORPHAN ASYLUM-PUBLIC LI- BRARY-PUBLIC SCHOOLS-CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 200-209
CHAPTER XI
SLAVERY QUESTION AND THE CIVIL WAR.
MASON AND DIXON LINE-MISSOURI COMPROMISE-PLATTE PURCHASE-WILMOT PROVISO-DRED SCOTT DECISION-COMPROMISE OF 1850-KANSAS-NEBRASKA BILL "SQUATTERS" SALT CREEK MEETING-PRO-SLAVERY BANDS-EAST- ERN IMMIGRATION-LEAVENWORTH COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR-MILITARY LEADERS 210-221
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
CHAPTER XII
CHURCHES
THE FIRST METHODIST-FIRST CHRISTIAN-EVANGELICAL GERMAN LUTHERAN- EPISCOPAL-JEWISH-PRESBYTERIAN -CONGREGATIONAL-EPISCOPAL, ST. PAUL'S-CATHOLIC-FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST 222-243
CHAPTER XIII
LODGES, CLUBS AND SOCIETIES.
ABDALLAH TEMPLE-MASONIC LODGES-KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS-INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS-MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA-WOMAN'S AUX- ILIARY OF AMERICAN LEGION-KANSAS FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS- CHAUTAUQUA ASSOCIATION-YEOMEN-KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS 244-256
CHAPTER XIV
NATIONAL AND STATE INSTITUTIONS
NATIONAL MILITARY HOME-UNITED STATES PENITENTIARY-STATE PENITEN- TIARY 257-261
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
CHAPTER XV
-
THE PRESS
-
"THE KANSAS HERALD"-"TERRITORIAL REGISTER"-"THE JOURNAL"-"YOUNG AMERICA"-OTHER PIONEER NEWSPAPERS-LATER PUBLICATIONS-THE LEAVENWORTH TIMES THE LEAVENWORTH POST 262-266
CHAPTER XVI
MEDICAL PROFESSION
FIRST PHYSICIANS CAME WITH THE ARMY-FIRST ON THE TOWNSITE-EARLY PHYSICIANS-KICKAPOO-OTHER SMALL TOWNS-PROMINENT DOCTORS- SANITARY COMMISSION ESTABLISHED-U. S. MILITARY HOSPITAL-OTHER HOSPITALS-"MEDICAL HERALD"-PRESENT DAY PHYSICIANS. 267-271
CHAPTER XVII
THE LEAVENWORTH COUNTY BAR
TERRITORIAL CODE OF PROCEDURE-JUDGES APPOINTED-JUDICIAL DISTRICTS- FIRST TERRITORIAL COURT AT LEAVENWORTH-ATTORNEYS ADMIT- TED 272-293
ILLUSTRATIONS
Adams, William
456
Barnes, C. M.
344
Bollin, J. N. 448
Bright, Ira J.
360
Bullard, Mrs. Cora A.
544
Cherrie, C. L.
376
Cherrie, Mrs. C. L.
376
Court House, Leavenworth County.
97
D. A. R. Room in Leavenworth County Court House
248
Ft. Leavenworth, Marking the Beginning of
176
Gilman, John M.
400
Goff, John and Family
464
Grist Mill, The Jacob Rapp
536
Hall, Jesse A.
Hand, LeRoy T.
144 496
Kruse, Dietrich
472
Langworthy, Dr. S. B
368
Leavenworth, View of.
200
Library, Public
224
Linaweaver, W. J.
384
Linaweaver, Mrs .-- W. J
384
Loomis, Calvin W.
512 512
Motor Company, Leavenworth
416
Nirschl, William, John and Carl H.
480
O'Dea, Residence of Dennis
504
Powell, J. W.
424
Siscoe, Family and Residence of C. F.
528
Steamboating on the Missouri
112
Swan, C. M.
408
Taylor, Capt. John T.
332
Transportation, Early Day
168
Tudhope Family, Five Generations of
520
Wellhouse, Frederick 552
White, Mr. and Mrs. James W 488
World War Veterans, Banquet to 296
Wosser, Thomas and Grandsons, Owen and Francis Buchanan 440
Frontispiece Frontispiece
High School, Leavenworth and Cadets
Hughey, John T., and Family
Loomis, Mrs. Mary
LEAVENWORTH COUNTY COURT HOUSE
History of Leavenworth County
CHAPTER I
INDIAN HISTORY
THE KANSAS-PRINCIPAL VILLAGES-THE TRIBE REMOVAL-CHARACTERISTICS- NOTED CHIEFS-TREATY OF 1806-DELAWARES AND KICKAPOOS-TREATIES - LEGENDS -CHIEFS-"JOURNEY CAKE" -"KETCHUM"- CUSTOMS - OTHER TREATIES.
The earliest known inhabitants of the territory which now comprises Leavenworth County was a tribe of Indians known as the Kansas. Early day historical accounts vary greatly in the spelling of the name. They were frequently known and referred to as the Canceas, Kansez, Canzas, Canzes, Okanis, Cances, Kansies, Canzon, Kanzon, Konza, Konzas and the Kasas. It was not until 1854, when Edward Everett Hale wrote his "Ac- count of Emigrant Aid Companies and Directions to Emigrants," under the title of "Kanzas and Nebraska," that the spelling of the word was finally settled upon as Kanzas, in preference to what he terms the more fashion- able way of spelling it, "Kansas." The name of our state as well as.the river, Kansas, which flows through it from west to east, draining a major portion of it, was derived from the name of this early Indian tribe.
Early historical accounts of this tribe place their lands and country as north of the Kansas River of today and along the western banks of the Missouri. The tribe was known to have been divided up into two principal villages referred to as the upper and lower village. What was known as
(3)
98
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
the lower village was located about forty miles north of the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers, the present site of Kansas City, Missouri.
In 1804 when the explorers, Lewis and Clarke, ascended the Missouri River they reported that they were unable to find any trace of the lower Kanzas village but had found at its location the ruins of an old French fort that had apparently been abandoned some twenty-five or thirty years pre- vious. It is believed that the cause of the Kanzas removing from this locality was due to the war-like encroachments of the Iowas and Sacs, tribes to the northward who had previously had extensive dealings with Mississippi Valley traders, had been abundantly supplied with firearms and were desirous of obtaining the hunting and trapping grounds of the Kanzas.
Upon leaving their country, which extended over all of the territory of which Leavenworth County is now composed, the Kanzas removed to a point situated on the Kansas River, near the present location of Manhattan, Kansas. It was not until June, 1825, that the Kanzas ceded their lands, of which Leavenworth County is now a part, to the United States by treaty. The treaty by which they ceded their lands was made at St. Louis, June 3, 1825, with Superintendent of Indian Affairs Clarke and, with reference to the land ceded, reads in part as follows:
"Beginning at the entrance of the Kansas River into the Missouri River; from thence North to the North West corner of the state of Mis- souri, from thence westerly to the Nodaway River, thirty miles from its entrance into the Missouri River and with that river, (the Nemaha), to its source; from thence to the source of the Kansas River, leaving the old village of the Pania (Pawnee) Republic to the West; from thence on the ridge dividing the waters of the Kansas River from those of the Arkansas, to the westerly line of the state of Missouri; and with that line Thirty miles to place of beginning."
According to the terms of the treaty, the United States Government was to pay in consideration of the ceding of the above described lands the sum of $3,500.00 per year for a period of twenty years to the tribe. In addition thereto a reservation was made to the Indians of a tract of land near the present location of Manhattan, Kansas, and the govern- ment was to provide the Indians with stock and agricultural implements, and was to supply them with a blacksmith and furnish them a teacher of agriculture.
The Kanzas, or "Kaws," as they were sometimes known by the French contraction of the word, Kanza, which signifies "Smoky," were
99
HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
said to have been more or less inclined to be a peaceful tribe. They were more industrious than some of the tribes west of the Mississippi, yet there was great room for improvement. Their requirement in their treaty of 1825 with the United States Government, that they be furnished agricultural implements, a blacksmith and teacher of agriculture, would indicate that they were desirous of deserting the chase and hunt as a means of obtaining a livelihood and resorting to the tilling of the soil. Their treatment of visitors has always been recorded as generous and considerate. In the journals of M. de Bourgmont, the French explores, it is said that they believed in a Great Spirit; had crude forms of re- ligious worship; a code of ethics existed which looked with extreme dis- taste upon such a crime as drunkenness. Insanity among them was unknown. Their language was the dialect of the Dacotahs. Among their most noted chiefs were "Na-he-da-ba" or Long Neck; "Ka-he-ga- wa-ta-ning-ga" or Little Chief, and "Shen-ga-ne-ga." To the south of this tribe dwelt the Osages, with which they occasionally became in- volved in disputes. At a grand council of these tribes held at Pawnee village, Republic, September 28, 1806, a treaty was entered into between them and the United States Government, the government being represented by Lieut. Zebulon Montgomery Pike and Lieut. J. B. Wilkinson, which reads as follows :
"In council held by the subscribers, at the village of the Pawnee Re- public, appeared Wahonsongay with eight principal soldiers of the Kansas nation on the one part, and Shin-ga-wasa, a chief of the Osage nation, with four of the warriors of the Grand and Little Osage villages on the other part. After having smoked the pipe of peace, and buried past ani- mosities, they individually and jointly bound themselves in behalf of and for their respective nations to observe a friendly intercourse and keep a permanent peace, and mutually pledge themselves to use every influence to further the commands and wishes of their great father.
"We, therefore, American Chiefs, do require of each nation, a strict observance of the above treaty, as they value the good will of their great father, the President of the United States.
"Done at our council fire, at the Pawnee Republic village, the 28th day of September, 1806, and the Thirty-first year of American Independence.
"(Signed) "Z. M. Pike,
"J. B. Wilkinson."
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HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH COUNTY
The above treaty as entered into by the chiefs of the Kanzas and Osage tribes was never broken.
With the removal of the Kanzas from the territory of which Leaven- worth County is now a part, came the entrance of two other tribes, the Delawares and Kickapoos, of which more is known. In the year 1818 at St. Mary's, Ohio, the Delaware or Lenni Lenapes ceded all lands held by them in the State of Indiana. Part of the consideration being that the government was to furnish them with a country west of the Mississippi in which to reside. Subsequent to this they were assigned certain tracts of land in the State of Missouri to which they removed. On September 24, 1829, the Delawares again ceded their lands by treaty to the govern- ment and were granted lands further west and in what was later to be organized into Kansas Territory and of which Leavenworth County was to become a part. In the treaty granting the lands last mentioned to the Delawares, the tract granted them is described as follows: "The country in the fork of the Kanzas and Missouri rivers extending up the Kanzas river to where the Kanzas (Indians) live and up the Missouri River to Camp Leavenworth and thence West by a line drawn westerly leaving a space ten miles wde North of Kanzas boundary as an outlet."
This tract of land as ceded to the Delawares comprised the greater portion of what is now Leavenworth County. Of this tract of land granted them, the Delawares on December 14, 1843, sold to the Wyan- dottes triangular tract at the junction of the Kansas and Missouri rivers which comprised the greater portion of what is now Wyandotte County. Later, and on May 6, 1854, the Delawares ceded to the United States Gov- ernment by treaty practically all of their lands excepting a strip ten miles wide on the north bank of the Kansas River beginning at the western boundary of the Wyandotte lands and extending forty miles westward. This strip, commonly known and referred to as the "Delaware Strip," "Delaware Reserve," and "Delaware Trust Lands," remained in possession of the tribe until May 30, 1860, when it was ceded by the Delawares to the United States Government by treaty.
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