USA > Kansas > Shawnee County > History of Shawnee County, Kansas, and representative citizens > Part 11
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THE TOPEKA CONVENTION.
"The convention at Topeka, September 19th, adopted elaborate resolu- tions setting forth the reasons in favor of the constitutional movement. The convention appointed an executive committee, with instructions to issue an address to the people and to appoint an election to be held in the several dis- tricts of the Territory on the 9th of October, for the election of delegates to convene at Topeka on the 23rd of October to form a constitution for the State of Kansas. Thus was an executive committee, appointed by a spontaneous movement of the people and representing the dominant sentiment of the people, clothed with the power to organize the machinery of government in the pros- pective commonwealth. The force which inspired life and impelled and directed the movements for a State government lay in the executive committee. It continued to issue its proclamations through its chairman, James H. Lane, and to do in the most efficient manner the work of a provisional and semi- revolutionary government through the darkest and most disordered and dangerous period of the Territorial existence.
"The constitutional convention elected in pursuance of the call of the executive committee met at Topeka October 23, 1855, continued in session until November IIth, and framed the celebrated Topeka constitution. The constitution was sent by messengers to Washington and for years continued to engage the attention of Congress and to agitate the country on the question of its ratification.
"Other constitutional conventions were held in the meantime at Lecomp- ton and Leavenworth."
TOPEKA AND HER RIVALS.
The location of the capital for the new State was an interesting subject in the proceedings of the Topeka constitutional convention, for there were many towns or projected towns at this period having capital aspirations, among
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them being Council City, Cottonwood, Bloomington, Topeka, Leavenworth, Lawrence, Lecompton, Blanton, Prairie City, Manhattan and Wabaunsee. On the third day of the sitting of the Topeka convention, Cyrus K. Holliday moved that among the standing committees there should be one on the loca- tion of the capital. On November 6th the convention voted on the temporary location, Topeka being chosen, the final ballot standing 20 for Topeka and 16 for Lawrence.
This action was not immediately effective, as the Topeka convention was not recognized by the existing government, but in the end it resulted in fixing Topeka as the capital of the State. At that time there were but a few buildings here. The building which was known as Constitution Hall was the most substantial. It was a stone building, erected by Loring Farnsworth on Nos. 425 and 427 Kansas avenue (under the new system of numbering), and the walls still remain as a part of the present building in the same place. The building was so far completed as to be occupied by the constitutional conven- tion of October 23rd, and also by the Legislature in its session held under that constitution. The Adams statement continues :
FIRST LEGISLATIVE BUSINESS.
"Under the Topeka constitution, five meetings of the Legislature were had in Constitution Hall. Under the constitution three elections were held for the election of State officers or members of the Legislature, or both. The constitution became the banner under which the Free-State party rallied in its struggle to free the Territory from the clutches of the Pro-Slavery despotism under which it was placed through the fraudulent election of March 30, 1855. The outrageous laws passed by the Shawnee Mission Legislature made out- laws of the members of the Free-State government. The Topeka constitu- tional movement became the special object of the hatred of the Pro-Slavery party. Their bogus laws contained provisions making it treason for the people thus to combine for the object of annulling them. Their packed grand juries indicted the Topeka State officers and members of the Legislature. Marshals and sheriffs, supported by squads of so-called militia or by United States sol- diers, hunted them down like wild beasts.
"The first Legislature under the constitution met March 4, 1856. It did little legislation. It memorialized Congress for the ratification of the Topeka constitution. It appointed committees to prepare a code of laws. It adjourned to meet again July 4th. When that memorable 4th of July came, and the mem- bers of the legislature gathered for their second meeting, through orders from Acting Governor Woodson, backed by authority from Washington, Gen. E. V. Sumner appeared with a force of United States troops and dispersed them.
BUILDING FOR INCURABLES, STATE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE
EAST END MAIN BUILDING, STATE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE
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They met again, the third time, January 5, 1857. At this meeting a committee was appointed to prepare another memorial to Congress for admission into the Union. The second day of the session a large number of the members, includ- ing the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, were arrested by a United States marshal and taken under guard to Tecumseh. Then the body took a recess to June 9th. On that day the fourth meeting of the Topeka Leg- islature convened. A census law was passed, an election ordered in August, a State University was located at Lawrence, the State capital was again estab- lished at Topeka, and Congress was gain memorialized to admit Kansas into the Union under the Topeka constitution. January 5, 1858, the fifth and last meeting of the Topeka Free-State Legislature was held. Little was done except the reading of Governor Charles Robinson's message, in which he advised the keeping up of the State organization.
THE LEAVENWORTH CONVENTION.
"But by this time little hope remained of the admission of the State into the Union under the Topeka constitution. The population of the Territory had become so large and was so overwhelmingly Free-State, that the Free- State voters had already seized the lawmaking power by the election of the Territorial Legislature, and that body was at this time in session. The Topeka constitutional movement had performed its mission. For Topeka it had surely paved the way for the permanent capital of Kansas. Mention has been made of the Minneola capital and the Leavenworth constitution. The Leavenworth constitution served a purpose, that of a foil to the Lecompton constitution, steeped in fraud as that was. But there seemed no hope that Congress would ratify the Leavenworth constitution. The Territorial Legislature of 1859 therefore passed a law providing for a fourth constitutional convention. This became known as the Wyandotte convention, and it framed the present consti- tution of Kansas. This convention was held in Wyandotte, now Kansas City, Kansas, in July, 1859. The constitution was adopted by vote of the people, October 4th, but it was not until January 29, 1861, that the act of Congress ratifying it was approved by President Buchanan."
THE FINAL CONVENTION.
The Wyandotte constitutional convention provided that Topeka should be the temporary capital, and that the Legislature should submit the question of the permanent location to a vote of the people. In the Wyandotte conven- tion two votes were had upon the temporary location. There were many can- didates, and the first vote resulted as follows: For Mound City, 2 votes;
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Mapleton, 1; Minneola, 2; Topeka, 15; Olathe, 2; Lawrence, 6; Burlington, I; Stanton, I; Atchison, 5; Manhattan, 2; Le Roy, I; Emporia, 2; Burlin- game, 1; Louisville, 1; Kickapoo, I; Troy, I; Humboldt, I; Palermo, I; Paola, I; Big Springs, I ; Pike's Peak, 1 ; Superior, I.
The second ballot resulted in favor of Topeka, the delegates voting as follows :
For Topcka: J. M. Arthur, F. Brown, J. T. Barton, W. P. Dutton, R. C. Foster, John W. Forman, John P. Greer, William R. Griffith, Samuel Hipple, E. M. Hubbard, S. D. Houston, J. Lamb, G. H. Lillie, E. Moore, W. C. McDowell, A. D. McCune, C. B. McClelland, W. Mccullough, H. D. Preston, P. S. Parks, R. J. Porter, John Ritchie, E. G. Ross, J. A. Signor, John P. Slough, Samuel A. Stinson, J. Stairwalt, J. Wright and B. Wrig- ley-29.
For Lawrence : J. G. Blunt, J. C. Burnett, John T. Burris, J. Blood, N. C. Blood, A. Crocker, William Hutchinson, James Hanway, S. E. Hoffman, Edward Stokes, B. F. Simpson, S. O. Thatcher, P. H. Townsend and R. L. Williams-14.
For Atchison : Robert Graham, John J. Ingalls, Samuel A. Kingman, J. A. Middleton, L. R. Palmer and T. S. Wright-6.
The location under this action being only temporary, the Legislature of 1861 authorized a vote of the people on the subject, and at the general election in November of that year the capital was definitely located at Topeka by the following vote: Topeka, 7,996; Lawrence, 5,291 ; all others, 1, 184.
FIRST STATE LEGISLATURE.
The first State Legislature under the Wyandotte constitution met in Topeka March 26, 1861, the city at that time having about 800 inhabitants. Governor Robinson rented rooms for the executive offices in the Ritchie Block, which was afterwards destroyed by fire. The location was at the southeast corner of Sixth and Kansas avenues, where Rowley & Snow's drug-store now is. The first State Senate met in the third story of this building for three years. The first House of Representatives met in the Gale Block, now known as Crawford's Opera House, and here the joint convention was held which elected James H. Lane and Samuel C. Pomeroy to the United States Senate. Later in the session the House adjourned, on account of a leak in the roof, to the Congregational Church, on the corner of Seventh and Harrison streets. In 1862 the House again met in the Gale Block, and the session of 1863 was held in the Methodist Episcopal Church on Quincy street, where Odd Fel- lows' Hall is now located. The Legislature of 1864 met in Constitution Hall, which was enlarged for the purpose and leased to the State for a period of five
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years, until the east wing of the permanent State Capitol was ready for occu- pancy, in1 1869.
SITE FOR THE CAPITOL.
The square of 20 acres of ground upon which the State Capitol stands was donated for that use by the Topeka association, the reservation being first made in 1855. The site, which is equivalent to four city blocks, was accepted by the Legislature in 1862, and in 1866 a law was passed to proceed with the erection of a State House in accordance with plans prepared by E. Townsend Mix. An appropriation of $50,000 was voted, the money to be raised by the sale of 10 sections of land which the State had received from the Federal gov- ernment. On October 17, 1866, the corner-stone of the Capitol was laid by the Grand Lodge, A. F. & A. M., assisted by Topeka Lodge, No. 17. In the construction of the first, or east, wing of the building, the contractors used a brown sandstone from a quarry near Vinewood Park, but this was found to be defective and the wing was completed with Junction City stone. This also proved to be unsatisfactory, and the other parts of the structure were built of a more durable stone from Cottonwood Falls.
DIMENSIONS AND COST.
Rooms in the new Capitol were first occupied by State officers December 25, 1869, and the first legislative session in the building was in 1870. The west wing was built in 1880, and work commenced on the central portion in 1883. It was not until March 24, 1903, that the finished structure was turned over to the State. The dimensions of the building are as follows: Extreme diameter or breadth of the building, including the porches, north and south, 399 feet ; east and west, 386 feet; square of the dome at the base, 80 by 80 feet ; height of dome to balcony at lantern, 258 feet ; height of dome to extreme top, 304 feet. The total cost of the finished Capitol was $3,200,588.92, of which $481,000 was for the east wing, including the remodeling ; $314,237 for the west wing; $1.289,611.30 for the central portion, including dome; and $416,876.19 for decoration and furnishings. Most of the money was ex- pended under the supervision of a State House Commission, which had charge of the letting of contracts. The following architects have been employed at different times on the work: E. Townsend Mix, John G. Haskell, L. M. Wood, E. T. Carr, Kenneth McDonald, Van Brunt & Sutton, J. C. Holland, E. J. Putnam, Seymour Davis, W. C. Hills, T. H. Lescher and John F. Stanton.
CHAPTER XIII.
Drought of 1860-Depression Resulting from the War-How the City Ap- peared in 1862-Prominent Business Firms and Professional Men-The Growth from 1865 to 1870-Renewed Activity in Real Estate Transac- tions-The Railroad Situation-Wagon Routes from Topeka-Associa- tion of Old Settlers.
Topeka's growth, as well as that of Shawnee County, was greatly re- tarded by the memorable drought of 1860. The labors of agriculture at that time were entirely confined to the raising of corn and vegetables, of which a scant supply matured. It is estimated that the population of the city and county decreased fully 20 per cent. in that year and the general stagnation was added to by the outbreak of the Civil War. Following the close of the war, the tide of immigration again set in, capital sought investment, property felt the stimulus of increased value, there was abundant work for the mechanic and laborer, and enterprises of great pith and moment were undertaken with a confidence inspired by the general firmness, politically and socially, that marked the new life in Kansas.
RETROSPECTIVE.
In the year 1862 Topeka had a population of less than 700. All that portion of the country north of the river was practically uninhabited, there being but a few log houses in the valley between Indianola and the river. Dr. Franklin L. Crane was farming that portion of the city lying north of Fifth street and east of Monroe, including the land where the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe depot now stands. Col. Cyrus K. Holliday lived on the farm ad- joining Dr. Crane's on the south, now the center of a big city where the family residence has been maintained for 50 years. South and east of Kan- sas and roth avenues was John Ritchie's farm. South and west of the Ritchie property were the claims of Col. Joel Huntoon, Milton C. Dickey, J. C. Gor- don and Daniel H. Horne. Southeast of the city were the farms of W. B. Wade, L. C. Conwell and Justus Brockway, and close by were farms belong- ing to Dr. S. E. Martin, R. S. Martin, John Long and D. R. Young. Fry
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W. Giles had a farm on the Shunganunga, and was operating an express and stage office in town. The Topeka House stood on the present site of the Gov- ernment Building, and opposite it was the Garvey House. The Chase House stood where the Stormont office building now stands, and on Sixth avenue were the Tuttle and Ashbaugh hotels.
The lawyers of that time were John Martin, A. H. Case and W. P. Douthitt. The physicians were S. E. Martin, Deming & Miller and B. F. King. The ministers were Revs. Lewis Bodwell, Charles M. Calloway, J. H. Defouri, Ira Blackford, John A. Steele and E. Alward. The leading store was conducted by Hamilton & Company, Fielding Johnson and George W. Veale being the "Company." H. W. Farnsworth and Willis Gordon were millers, Jacob Smith was the proprietor of a tin shop, George O. Wilmarth owned the post office book-store, Charles C. Kellam was postmaster, William Marshall was the only tailor, Thomas Archer was constable and J. C. Miller, justice of the peace. In the block on the west side of Kansas avenue, between Sixth avenue and Seventh street, there was then only one building, and south of that on the avenue was vacant prairie. The young ladies of that period were Miss Mary Ward, Miss Belle Chase, Miss Murphy, Miss Miller, Miss Allen, Miss Blush and Miss Farnsworth, and the list of young men included George, Frank and Orville Crane, T. B. Mills, J. C. French, George Trott, David Seagraves, Perry Tuttle and Henry C. Lindsey. The only business men of the early '60's who have continued uninterruptedly from that date to this are John W. Farnsworth and Jacob Smith. Mr. Farnsworth changed his business from dry goods to queensware, and Mr. Smith's tin-shop became the basis of the present W. A. L. Thompson Hardware Company.
AFTER THE WAR.
Topeka's activity suffered no abatement between the years 1865 and 1870. In that period many fine business blocks were erected and handsome residences built. It was also the era of bridge building, railroad projection and general improvement. School houses and churches were built, sidewalks laid and much public work done. The city rapidly outgrew its original dimen- sions, and the first farm claims were nearly all converted into town lots. Many additions were platted and taken into the city, known as Young's, Horne's, Crane's, Ritchie's, King's, Holliday's and Huntoon's additions. The Kaw Indian land opposite the city, on the north side of the Kansas River, came into market through an act of Congress authorizing the Indians to sell their property, and reservation No. 4 of the land belonging to the half-breeds was bought and platted for town purposes. Eugenia was the name first given to the town, but the territory was attached to Topeka in April, 1867, and thence-
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forth took the name of North Topeka, being the first ward of the main city.
Some of the buildings erected and new institutions established in the period between 1865 and 1870 were the following: The Mortimer Cook Building at the southwest corner of Kansas and Sixth avenues; the Baker & Tinkham Block, opposite Crawford's Opera House; Grace Episcopal Church, at the northwest corner of Jackson and Seventh streets; the Tefft House, where the First National Bank Building now stands ; Charles F. Kendall's dry goods store; E. W. Baker & Company's wholesale grocery establishment; an iron foundry established on the corner of Second and Jefferson streets; a flouring mill erected at the corner of Kansas avenue and Third street, and another one in North Topeka, built by L. Laurent ; the Topeka Bank, Kansas Valley National Bank, Capital Bank, and the Giles & Jewell Bank, opened for busi- ness; the Adams Building, North Topeka; and the Union Pacific Hotel and Depot, North Topeka. The principal residences built were those of Jesse H. Crane, on Madison between Fourth and Fifth streets; Hugo Kullak, north- west corner of Topeka avenue and Seventh street; and Jacob Smith, south- west corner of Harrison and Fifth streets.
BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN.
In addition to those already named, the well-known business and profes- sional men of that period were: Barnum & Company, George C. Kenyon, Bates & Company, C. A. Butts, Geiger & McGrath and G. F. Merriam, dry goods ; A. J. Arnold, Rowley Brothers, Stringham & Brown and C. C. Kellam, druggists ; Benjamin Haywood, John Worth and Andrew Seiler, furniture; Guilford Dudley, private banker ; Crane & Byron, blank books ; A. H. Thomp- son, dentist ; Jolin P. Cole, Whitton & Weiss, E. G. Moon, Rodgers Brothers, Craigue & Company and R. E. Randolph, groceries ; J. A. Mclaughlin. fire- arms ; Smith & Hale, J. M. Baird, E. H. Blake & Company and T. H. Whit- mer, hardware; Burkhard & Oswald, harness; Hartsock & Gossett, hides; Henry Clarkson, Gavitt & Scott, Orrin T. Welch and Stone & Bodine, insur- ance: J. & R. Thomas, Shellabarger & Leidigh and C. Reed, lumber ; J. Lee Knight and J. V. Wintrode, photographers; James Douglass, John Lahmer and Fred Ortman, jewelers ; David Brier, Bishop Crumrine, Edgar W. Dennis, M. P. Garretson, John Guthrie, N. F. Handy, Lewis Hanback, A. W. Hayes, John M. McDonald, Noah C. McFarland, Ross Burns, John Mileham, J. H. Moss, J. H. Putnam, B. J. Ricker, Thomas Ryan, John G. Searle, Hugh M. Spalding, A. H. Vance, J. G. Wood, J. G. Waters and A. L. Williams, attor- neys; W. S. Baker, George Dick, Eli Lewis, John McClintock, M. Bailey, L. G. Murphy, M. F. Price, W. W. Rodgers, Silas E. Shelden, E. Tefft, D. W. Stormont and George Wyman, physicians.
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The Episcopal Female Seminary was in operation at the corner of Topeka avenue and Ninth street, under the patronage of Bishop Thomas H. Vail. Rev. J. N. Lee was principal and Mrs. R. N. Baldwin, vice-principal. Miss Minnie Beales, Kansas' most famous vocalist, was one of the teachers. The Masons, Odd Fellows and Good Templars were the only secret societies in existence. The Union Pacific Railroad had been extended as far west as Carson, Colorado, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe line was running trains to Emporia. The wagon roads leading out of the city were marked as follows: To Grasshopper Falls, Kansas avenue due north across Soldier Creek; to Tecumseh, Sixth avenue east; to Clinton, Ioth avenue to Shunga- nunga bridge, thence south; to Burlingame, Jackson street south; to Auburn, Ioth avenue west to Fillmore street, thence in a southwesterly direction; to Mission Creek, on the Auburn road to the crossing of IIth street, and then branching off to the west ; to Wabaunsee, Sixth avenue west.
ASSOCIATION OF OLD SETTLERS.
At various meetings of the Old Settlers' Association of Topeka, the fol- lowing persons signed the roll of membership, giving their names and the date of their citizenship:
1854-John Armstrong, Freeman R. Foster, Caroline S. Scales, L. S. Long, William C. Gibbons, J. S. Freeland, S. E. Martin, W. W. Phillips, Fry W. Giles, George W. Berry, J. S. Freeland, J. W. Miller, E. J. Haynes, John Long and Mrs. E. J. Dailey.
1855-H. W. Curtis, Mrs. John Long, Mrs. C. A. Giles, Mrs. Augusta W. Lescher, Mrs. Mary Herbert, Charles H. Lovejoy, Josiah Jordan, Sarah C. Stone, Franklin G. Adams, C. G. Howard, W. H. Moffitt, G. W. Gillis, Martha Allen, William P. Thompson, Mrs. C. S. Baker, Mrs. Susanna M. Weymouth, Marion E. Thomson, A. H. Slayton, Josiah B. McAfee, Anna R. McAfee, T. B. Pitcher, Samuel J. Reader, Susan Howey, Richard Russell, Hale Ritchie, William H. Weymouth, Mrs. Celeste M. Forbes, Mrs. Jennie M. Nellis, Mrs. Louisa T. Oakley, Sarah E. Doane, Abner Doane and Mrs. Sarah Curtis.
1856-Joel Huntoon, John S. Firey, John Elliott, W. H. Fitzpatrick, George E. Flanders, Thomas H. Haskell, G. S. Gordon, Walter Oakley, John P. Greer, Kate Farnsworth Akin, Harvey D. Rice, William Owen, Maria M. Martin, Jasper M. Howard, Samuel Dolman, Minda K. Dolman, E. Marple, H. K. Winans, Alpheus Palmer, R. A. Randlett, W. D. Paul, William Wal- lace, J. B. Miller, James M. Harvey, Mrs. G. S. Gordon, Edward Chapman, Mrs. Edward Chapman, Hiram W. Farnsworth, John W. Farnsworth and William Chase.
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1857-Avery Washburn, Mrs. L. P. Huntoon, Rebecca Brittain, E. G. Moon, N. J. Moon, Henry W. McAfee, Mrs. Freeman R. Foster, Mrs. J. M. Foster, Martha M. James, Mrs. W. H. Fitzpatrick, Miss Rena Fitzpatrick, Miss Mary Fitzpatrick, Mrs. Elizabeth Fisher, Jacob Smith, William P. Douthitt, E. M. Chase, Jane T. Randlett, T. H. Lescher, Olive A. Owen, Flora C. Harvey, M. J. Freeland, Amanda G. Person, Charles F. Spencer, J. S. Stansfield, James Mecham, V. B. Howey, G. W. Packard, J. M. Bryan, D. W. Boutwell, Mrs. E. V. Boutwell, Emily R. Douthitt, Christian Bowman, Josephine Stafford, A. J. Huntoon, Ellen S. Huntoon, Daniel Thompson, Frank A. Root, William S. Bennett, W. W. Climenson, Mrs. C. Crawford, L. M. Ayers, Peter Fisher, Henry Taylor, David L. Lakin, Mrs. Ann Spencer, Castorn Washburn, Sarah A. Elliott, M. P. Hillyer and Georgiana Packard.
1858-A. F. Barker, T. A. Barker, Kate Rudolph Wilson, James V. Douthitt, H. D. Fisher, E. M. Fisher, Lucius Kingman, E. A. Goodell, Sarah Goodell, Mrs. Martha Paine, Mrs. Emma Campbell Hudson, Allen Holcraft, George W. Weed, D. O. Crane, Mrs. H. M. Prouty and Mrs. F. A. Root.
1859-F. M. Fletcher, R. J. Miller, Amond Benton, Mrs. Ella Phillips, Mrs. Mary A. Rice, Emma Bodwell Stagg, Miss Zu Adams, Mary Marple, Sophie G. Ashbaugh, John F. Carter, Allan Maxson, Mrs. W. W. Phillips, Hattie Fletcher, Emily Thompson and Elizabeth Taylor.
1860-Guilford Dudley Baker, Elizabeth Flanders, G. W. Dailey, Matilda Steele McFarland, Martha A. Herriott, Floyd P. Baker, Robert B. Steele and Marcia G. Gordon.
1861-Emma B. Stagg and Josephine E. Ashbaugh.
1862-Miss Lou Climenson.
1863-George D. Butts and Mrs. C. A. Butts.
1864-Sarah A. Elliott and C. S. Baker.
1865-Robert Robinson and James A. Troutman.
1866-Anna Foster, Henry Evans, Mrs. Henry Evans, William J. Stagg and Anna S. Crane.
1867-Celestine Stoker, George D. Hale, George S. Evarts and Emma Evarts.
1868-Francis S. McCabe, George P. Bates, Oresta H. Bates. B. F. Golden and Mrs. S. A. Robinson.
1869-Joseph Andrews, J. Gandion, A. A. Ripley and Sarah E. Evarts.
CHAPTER XIV.
The Railway System-Four Trunk Lines at Topeka-Mills and Factories- Commercial and Banking Institutions-Public Utilities-Finances of the City-Parks and Resorts-Assessed Valuation, Bonded Debt and Finan- cial Resources-Present City Officers and List of Former Mayors-The Commercial Club.
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