USA > Kentucky > Jefferson County > Louisville > Haldeman's picture of Louisville, directory and business advertiser, for 1844-1845 > Part 10
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B. MUSSELMAN, whose establishment is on Main street, corner of 10th, is probably the most extensive manufacturer at present. He has six presses, and employs 20 hands. With this force, he makes 800 boxes per annum, and consumes 150 hogsheads of tobacco, principally Kentucky. The manufactured article commands from 10 to 25 cts. per lb. Average sales, $12,000 per annum.
GUNS AND RIFLES.
J. Griffith, corner of 5th and Main, manufactures shot-guns, rifles and pistols. The articles from this establishment are pronounced, by judges, to be of superior quality.
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COACH MAKERS.
Isaac F. Stone, South side of Main, between 1st and Brook, carries on this business extensively, and the work from his establishment ranks with any produced here or elsewhere.
Chase and Fitzgerald, Main, between 1st and 2nd, make a superior article, and enjoy a high reputation for the excellence and style of their carriages, coaches and barouches.
LOOKING-GLASS AND PAPER HANGING WAREHOUSE.
F. Hegan, on 4th, between Main and Market, has at all times an extensive and splendid display of Looking-Glasses and Rich Wall Pa- pers.
Mr. Hegan's taste in his selections for his store is proverbial, and has secured to him an extensive custom. Besides the above named articles, there may also be had, at this store, a variety of artists materials, as water-colors, boxes of colors and pencils,
WATCH, CLOCK, JEWELRY AND SILVER SMITHS.
There are several very extensive establishments, where these articles are kept in great variety and richness.
Speigelhalder & Werne, on 4th, between Main and Market. H. F. Fletcher, South side of Main, between 4th and 5th.
W. D. Scott, North side Main, between 3rd and 4th.
+ Wm. Kendrick, East side of 4th, between Main and Market. E. C. Beard & Co., North side of Main, between 4th and 5th.
J. C. Marshall, South side of Main, between 4th and 5th.
. Richard E. Smith, on South side of Main, a few doors above 4th, has a rich and varied stock.
James I. Lemon, East side of 4th, between Main and Market.
CHAIR, CABINET-WARE & VENETIAN BLIND MAKERS.
L. M. Paine, on Jefferson, between 5th and 6th, manufactures cabinet ware, Venetian blinds, chairs, sofas, &c., in excellent style. His stock is large and various.
John Scott, on Jefferson, under the Henry House, has an exhibition room of the cabinet ware which he manufactures. Here may be found an extensive assortment, and of capital style and finish.
MARBLE MANTELS & ORNAMENTAL MARBLE WORK.
T. & L. Thompson, Marble Masons, on 5th, near Main, exhibit some splendid mantels, of their own manufacture. They also construct and ornament monuments, tombstones, &c. Their mantels sell from $30 to $150 each.
David Neville, on the South-West corner of Jefferson and 6th, does, a large business in stone and marble Masonry. Makes and ornaments monuments, tombs, &c.
A Marble Mantel establishment has just been added, where may be found some very handsome plain and Egyptian mantels.
NEW BRIDGES OVER THE BEARGRASS.
Surveys have been made for two more bridges across the Beargrass, one of which will be in the direction of Bremaker's Slaughter House, above Woodland Garden. It is not yet decided where the other will cross. The one proposed will greatly promote the travel and enhance the value of property in that section of the city.
Quite a number of new and very handsome dwellings have been put up this season, on the street leading to Geiger's Mill. Indeed, no part of the city presents equal improvements for the same amount of popu- lation.
NEW PORK HOUSE.
In Bremaker's neighborhood, a company are erecting a new Pork House, on a large scale. This business will be prosecuted with more energy than usual, of late years ; and if a desire to be first in the lower markets, should induce those engaged in slaughtering, to commence be- fore the cold weather sets in, another unprofitable season will follow, as the natural consequence. The remark has before been made, but it will bear repetition, that the farmers leave off feeding their pork too soon. The meet cools quicker and harder, and, consequently, takes the salt and pickle better, by being fed well until cold weather. Let this fact be remembered.
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THE LITERARY DEPOT AND CIRCULATING LIBRARY, West side of Fourth, between Main and Market.
This deservedly popular establishment was commenced three years ago, by Mr. W. N. Haldeman, now proprietor and editor of the Louis. ville Courier, and also the publisher and proprietor of this work.
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To the Library, which embraces from 4000 to 5000 volumes, in His- tory, Poetry, Theology, Arts and Sciences, Travels, Biography, &c., has been added the almost entire current publications of America, and many of the best Foreign publications ; such as Tales, Novels, and ma. ny of the daily and weekly publications of the newspaper and literary press of the Eastern Cities.
Mr. H's. untiring industry and promptness, in catering for the pub. lic, has secured for the Literary Depot, a large custom ; a taste for read- ing has increased, and few are found without some one of the modern publications obtained through this establishment.
PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
It was the desire of the compiler to give a full notice of the many excellent private schools, established in various parts of the city, and in furtherance of this object, requested some of the Principals of these schools, to supply him with such facts as would enable him to make a just estimate of the number of scholars in all the schools.
The summer vacation intervening, and several of the teachers being absent, and others forgetful-combined to render the effort altogether fruitless, or so imperfect and partial, as not to accord exact justice to all who are engaged in this important duty, and to the subject of education itself-the whole matter was allowed to pass ; or, rather, formed no part of our school statistics. This is an omission, however, which ought to be supplied-and it is for the purpose of stating that there are probably from 40 to 50 private schools, many of which are of the highest class, that this statement is introduced in this place. Just so long as the pub- lic mind can be held in slavery to the notion that public education is a public disgrace-and that a child can be better educated, just in pro- portion to the price of tuition, all things else being equal, just so long will private schools outnumber, preeminently, those established on the public school system.
This is not the place to discuss that question. The system of pub- lic schools-or rather, a system of universal education, by general tax- ation, has been adopted, and is in the full tide of successful experi- ment.
The period is not remote, it may be safely predicted, ere the statistics, under these two methods of educating our children, will present a dif- ferent aspect.
GRAND LODGE AND GRAND CHAPTER OF KENTUCKY.
Officers of the Grand Lodge, for the year ending 24th of Aug., 1845. Bryan R. Young, of Elizabethtown, G. M. William Holloway, of Richmond, D. G. M. William B. Allen, of Greensburg, S. G. W. - James H. Daviess, of Georgetown, J. G. W. John H. Brown, of Richmond, R. G. C. C. G. Wintersmith, of Elizabethtown, G. O. Phillip Swigert, of Frankfort, G. S. William Cardwell, of Shelbyville, G. Tr. William F. Colston, of Louisville, S. G. D. William H. Watson, of Frankfort, J. G. D. John D. McClure, of Owenton, G. M. Joshua H. Thomas, of Hardinsburg, G. S. B. John McCrackin, of Lexington, G. P. George P. Richardson, of Lexington, G. S. & T.
Stewards of the Grand Charity Fund.
Henry Wingate, of Frankfort. R. C. Langdon, of Covington. Willis Stewart, of Louisville. R. H. Stanton, of Maysville.
Officers of the Grand Chapter.
Richard Apperson, of Mt. Sterling, G. H. P. Dempsey Carroll, of Maysville, D. G. H. P. Willis Stewart, of Louisville, G. K. Humphrey Jones, Jr., of Richmond, G. S. Phillip Swigert, of Frankfort, G. Sec. Thomas C. Orear, of Lexington, G. Tr. Moses Levi, of Mt. Sterling, R. G. C. William F. Colston, of Louisville, G. M. William R. Bradford, of Lexington, G. C. G. G. P. Richardson, of Lexington, G. S. & T.
This Order is now in a very flourishing condition. The Grand Lodge, during its recent convocation, appointed a Committee of Edu- cation, with power to organize a Seminary for the support and educa- tion of the destitute children of deceased Masons, to be called " The Masonic Orphan Asylum." The committee consists of Henry Win- gate and Phillip Swigert, of Frankfort, Gen. John Payne, of Augusta, Rev. M. M. Henkle, of Lexington, Willis Stewart, of Louisville, and Dr. W. G. Willett and J. S. Crutchfield of Lagrange. The Loca. tion of the Asylum is expected to be made at Lagrange, in Oldham County.
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OMISSIONS.
There doubtless will be some disappointment among the manufac- turing and mechanical portions of the community, from the fact that it has been found quite impracticable to introduce them, one by one, into this work ; it would have swelled it to an unwieldy size; and besides this, it would have thrown upon the publisher an expense, beyond the prob. ability of remuneration.
The compiler has gathered up statistical data, of sufficient amount to run into 300 pages instead of the 150, which he has occupied. And should it be called for, by a general acquiesence in the plan herein pursued, in a reprint, it will be his object to embrace more in detail, and more fully, the various manufacturing and mechanical establishments of the city. Sufficient has been given, however, to exhibit the value and importance of the industrial classes of this community-and also, to prove to our neighbors, and to the country, that the city of Louisville is not far behind those who make louder and bolder pretensions.
The publication was undertaken at some hazard, the plan being new to the citizens, and has been carried through the press with unusual ce- lerity ; and if it shall be found to possess sufficient of merit to compen- sate the publisher for his heavy outlay, and be the means of promoting the interests of his fellow-citizens, he will be satisfied.
GENERAL STATISTICS.
Some of the articles and tabular statements which follow, though not now first published, are deemed of sufficient general interest, to be preserved in some durable form, and, therefore, are transferred to these pages.
For example : the article on the respective TARIFFS of the United States and Great Britain
There is not, at this time, probably, any question before the Ameri- can people, of more exciting interest. It is, emphatically, the hobby- horse of one of the grand divisions into which the country is severed, and the raw-head and bloody bones of the other. Let the facts be ex- amined carefully, and the arguments accompanying these facts, be weighed deliberately, by all who desire to understand the bearing of Tariffs, for direct or incidental protection. No man, whether mechanic or merchant, farmer or manufacturer, should turn away from a perusal of them, lest his faith should be shaken in some preconceived opinion.
What was truth yesterday, is truth to-day ; and none are so wise, but what may still be wiser. It has been eloquently said, that
" Wisdom is better than weapons of war."
If this great question of tariff, or no tariff, could be sifted out of the political chaff with which it is attempted to obscure it, and let it be fairly and dispassionately considered and adjusted, so as to ensure the greatest amount of good to the largest portion of the people-and that is a fundamental principle of the government under which we live- and it cannot be doubted that every branch of the business of this great and broad domain, would be prosecuted with greater vigor and with far greater success.
The intelligent mechanic, in his workshop, at every fall of the ham- mer, produces a better argument in favor of protection, than could be drawn from the brain of a political stump orator, with pincers of ten- horse power.
The question is surrounded with mystery; and made intricate and difficult of solution, by the wisdom of those whose greatest wisdom is insufficient to discover their own folly.
The next article, following the tariff tables, exhibits the product of an equal number of the Northern, Middle, Southern and Western States, in wool, swine, cattle and sheep. This table is condensed from authentic documents, and may be relied on for its general accuracy.
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Then follows an exceedingly interesting table of the Agricultural products of the United States, for three years.
The others, three or four in number, which succeed, will close the pages devoted to subjects not usually given in a City Directory. The task of collecting the items with which to make up the work, was com- menced on the first of July. It was no small labor to visit the various manufacturing and mechanical establishments from one extreme point of the city to the other, often thrice, before the object of the visit could be obtained. But the labor will have been amply compensated, if what has been so hastily accomplished shall be found to subserve the interest. and promote, in any degree, the prosperity of the city, and its manufac. turing, mechanical and mercantile concerns.
volved on the compiler, were rendered agreeable by the courtesy of all from whom it was desirable to obtain information ; and to many is he largely indebted, for valuable hints and laborious detail. Should a work of this kind meet with public favor and acceptance, and be con- tinued for succeeding years, many improvements in matter and arrange- ment, doubtless, will be suggested and adopted.
The typographical and mechanical execution of the work, is its own best commentator. It is good. It is handsome.
BRITISH AND AMERICAN TARIFFS.
The following tables, shewing the difference between the tariffs of the two countries, as at present existing, were prepared by two eminent merchants and the Recorder of the city of New York, by request of the American Institute. They are instructive and valuable documents, on a subject of vital importance. Though not strictly within the de- sign of this work, as a local Directory, they will interest every one into whose hands it may fall, as having universal application to the business or occupation of every member of the community.
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TABLE A.
Exhibit of the comparative Rates of Duty levied by the old and new British Tariff's, on Articles, the growth and produce of the United States.
ARTICLES OF EXPORT.
New York market price.
Rate on
Rate
Rate on
|Rate
Duty on import from British Colonies.
Rate per cent.
$ cts.
£
S.
d.
£
d
£ s. d.
50
4
192
6
24
2
8
1 00
2
48
2
48
4 62
6
31
6
2
free
5 12
6
28
6
21
free
Bacon,
1
4
100
16
67
4
16}
Beans, per bushel,
1 00
10
20
10
20
5
10
Bark, quercit'n, per 112 1bs.
66
1
36
1
36
5
Candles, sperm, per lb.,
33
2
6
180
36
Candles, tallow, per 112 lbs.
3
3
4
123
10
19
Candlewick, per 112 lbs.
10 08
4
8
8
2121
8
20
4
4
10
Casks, empty, per cent.,
5 60
10
6
45
10
45
2
6
10
Cider, per bbl.,
1 00
1
15
840
1
15
840
Clocks, per cent.,
un
54
1
6
9
33'
14
8 96
2
11
7)
2 11
4
1
Feathers, per 112 lbs.
33 60
2
4
31
1
14
10
7
under the old tariff,)
3 00
2
16
free
Flour, * (average) per bbl.,
4 75
17
85
6
33}
1
10
9
Hams, (see bacon,)
7 84
11
523
4 10
275
Lard, per 112 lbs.,
6 72
8
28
2
6
12
Lead, per ton,
78 40
9
124
1
6
5
11
Molasses, per 112 1bs.,
2 24
1
3
9
1
3
9
255
Oil, linseed, per ton,
189 00
39
18
100
6
15
1
24
Oil, fish, per ton.
100 00
26
12
127
6
29
1
Oil, sperm, per ton.
200 00
26 12
64
15
36
1
Pork, per 112 lbs.,
5 60
12
51
8
34
2
84
Rice, cleaned, per 112 lbs.,
3 00
15
120
6
48
4
Rosin, per 112 lbs.,
45
4
O 253
2
107
1
53}
Snuff, per 1b.,
8
6
1800
6
1800
Soap, bar, per cwt.,
6 72
10
1
10
107
1
714
Spirits, from grain, per gal.,
23
1
2
6
1
2
6
2347
939
Spirits, from molasses,
27
1
2
6
2000
1
2
6
9
800
Starch, per 112 lbs.,
5 60
9
10
814
10
424
5
211
Sugar, brown, per 112 lbs.,
6 72
3
3
225
3
3
1
4
Sugar, loaf, per 112 1bs.,
12 32
8
8
327
8
8
327
7
Staves, hhd. per 120,
4 50
3
320
7
9
41
Tallow, per 112 lbs.,
7 84
3
2
g
3
2
Tar, per barrel,
1 50
1
3
20
2
3
Tobacco, leaf, per 1b.,
33
3
2056
3
2056
Tobacco, manufact., per lb.
9
9
2400
9
2400
Turpentine, per bbl.,
2 62
13
119
3
274
Twine, Ky., per 112 lbs.,
22 40
1
11
33
1
11
33
Vinegar, per bbl.,
6 00
252
3
3
2.52
Wheat,"(average,) per bush.
1 00
4
80
4
32
3
6
Wool, per lb.,
25
1
8
1
8
free
Number of Articles.
.47)16898
48)13886
Average rate of duty under the old tariff,
359
New do., 289
3
6
124
Beef, per bbl.,
1 25
8
124
3
5
1
Butter,
Ashes, pearl, per 112 lbs.,
6 72
1
8
100
14
50
quantity.
cent.
quantity.
Icent.
Apples, per bushel,
The duties which de-
Apples, dried, per bushel, Ashes, pot, per 112 lbs.,
per
per
OLD DUTY.
NEW DUTY.
6
25
20
Corn, Indian, * (average) per bushel,
67
Cotton, per 112 lbs.,
Fish, cured, (prohibited
Fish, cod, per 112 1bs.,
Hops, per 112 lbs.,
8
4
321
2347
9
2000
225
3
O
--
3
3
1
3
50
2.5
Cheese, per 112 lbs.,
5 75
13 44
12 32
8
255
6
* Subject to the sliding scale. The sliding scale, in the British corn laws, makes the duty on grain and flour, variable according to the prices of their domestie grain, and is nearly prohibitory to grain and flour from the United States. The duty is always low enough to admit the same from the British Colonies.
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THREE HUNDRED AND THIRTY PER CENT DUTY, IN ENGLAND, ON EXPORTS FROM THE U. STATES.
TABLE B.
Total export of articles, the growth or produce of the United States, to England, Scotland, and Ireland, with the duties paid thereon, du. ring the years 1838, 1839, and 1840 :-
1838, value, $50,481,624 duties, $23,621,160 46 7-10 per ct.
1839, 50,791,981
26,849,477 52 8-10
1840, 54,005,790
28,360,153 52 5-10
Total, " $155,279,395
$78,830,790 av.50 5-10
Of the above, the value of cotton and tobacco, and the, duties paid thereon, were as follows, viz. :
¿ Cotton, value,
$45,789,687
duties,
$ 2,761,612
1838
S Tobacco,
2,939,706
66
19,860,898
Cotton,
46,074,579
1,942,337
1839
Tobacco, 66
3,523,225
23,288,396
1840
3 Tobacco,
3,380,809
22,537,205
Total
$143,653,340
$73,638,328
Being an average duty on the whole, of 50} per cent. ; on cotton and tobacco, 51} per cent. All other articles, the growth or produce of the United States, exported to England, Scotland, and Ireland, during the same three years, amounted to $11,626,055, or $3,875,351, annually, on which the British Government levied an average duty of 44 6-10 per cent. Omitting cotton in the above table, Great Britain has levied an average duty of 330 per cent, on all other articles the growth or produce of the United States.
The amount of duties from customs in Great Britain, in the year 1839, was £22,962,610, or $110,220,528 ; of which, $26,849,477, or about one-fourth of the whole revenue from customs, was collected on articles produced in the United States, and exported to England, Scotland and Ireland.
TABLE C.
Statement of the rate of duties payable on the principal articles im- ported into the United States from Great Britain and Ireland, ac- cording to the present tariff, passed August 1842:
40 per cent.
(average)
30
66
Woollens,
50
66
Worsteds,
(average)
25
Cottons,
20
Linens,
Hemp, manufactures of
(average)
343
66
Cotton bagging,
do.
Flannels,
do.
40
Baizes,
do.
15
66
Lace, Thread,
do.
40
Lace, Cotton,
do.
75
Lace, Bobbinet
do.
25
Paper,
do.
20
Books,
Engravings,
(average)
35
66
Twine,
Leather, manufactures of
30
Earthenware,
(average)
30
Hardware,
(average)
30
Saddlery,
1
66
Tin
30
Copper, manufactures of
30
66
Plated Ware,
25
Gilt Ware,
73
Gold and Silver Watches,
15
Gold and Silver Lace,
50
Ale and Porter,
20
Drugs,
(average)
60
Coal,
)1140}
36 articles
32
Average, (nearly,)
40
Iron,
16}
Steel,
30
Brass, manufactures of
20
66
Gold and Silver Jewelry,
(average)
50
Salt,
do.
40
Silk, manufactures of
do.
33
40
66
Carpeting,
do.
20
33
40
Glass,
Cotton,
41,945,334
3,247,880
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N. B. On those articles which pay specific duties, the rate per cent, is calculated on the average cost on the same articles in Great Britain.
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BRITISH DUTIES ON AMERICAN AND COLONIAL PRODUCTS.
We next call attention to the important discrimination in favor of ar. ticles from the British Colonies; the same operating, in many cases to exclude us, and secure to the Colonies the supplying of articles of their produce for the British market. This affects the interests of our agri. culturists. The trade between the Colonies and Great Britain being secured by law, to British vessels, and prohibited to Americans, the el. fect on our tonnage and commerce, is readily seen.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWO PER CENT. IN FAVOR OF BRITISH COLONIES.
The average duty on 33 of the above articles, on which, as is seen, there is a discrimination in favor of the British Colonies, is, when im- ported from the United States, one hundred and sixty-six per cent .- but, when imported from the British Colonies, the average duty on the same articles is sixty-four per cent. only ; making a difference in favor of the latter, and against the United States, of one hundred and two per cent., besides the benefit of the discrimination arising from the sliding scale. On the remaining 15 articles, there is no discrimination of duties; the duty being at a rate prohibitory. All this illustrates the practice and the present commerce under our reciprocity treaty with Great Britain.
In addition to the above rates of duties, a further duty of five per cent. ad valorem upon the amount of the several duties, is levied on all articles imported, except spirits, which pay a further duty of four pence per gallon .*
TIMBER FROM THE UNITED STATES.
With regard to the duties now payable on timber and lumber, they are not included in the above table, for the reason that any calculation of the rate per cent. thereon, according to the British tariff, must be in- definite. If they could be included in the table, they would increase the average rate per cent.of duties, already shown, as payable by the present tariff on other articles. The discriminating duties on timber and lumber are so much in favor of the British Colonies, and against the United States, as to be prohibitory to our timber and American ves- sels, and to secure the trade to British vessels from the Colonies to Great Britain. A few articles will suffice to show the duties payable, and the discrimination in favor of the British Colonies.
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DUTIES ON TIMBER.
From the United States.
From the British Colonies.
On deals, battens, boards, or other timber, sawn or split, per load of 50 cubic feet, the duty is
32s, or $7 68
2s. or 48 cts.
On timber not being deals, bat- tens, boards, staves, hand- spikes, oars, lathwood, or oth- er timber, sawn, split, or dressed, except hewn, the du- ty per 50 cubic feet is
25s, or $6 00 1s.
or 24 cts.
On wood, planed or dressed, duty per cubic foot,
7ªd. or 15 cts.
5 per cent.
Add a further duty of
10 per cent.
3s. 9d. or 90 cts.
On oars, the 'uity per 120 is 40s. or $ 9 60
150s. or $36 00
1s. or 24 cts.
On handspikes, do.
2s. or 48 cts.
On spokes for wheels, per 1000 80s. or $19 20
1s. or 24 cts.
On lathwood, per 216 cubic feet, 40s, or $ 9 60 10s. or $ 2 40
free.
On firewood,
The course of this trade is-for british vessels to come into our ports and take a cargo of American produce, and sail-if at the East, for Halifax or New Brunswick-if at a Southern port, for a West India Island-and, having touched thus, at a British Colony, the voyage is then homeward from such Colony. This secures the carrying trade, and on our grain, timber, &c., as also that by way of Canada, the ben- efit of the discriminating duties in favor of the Colonies. In March, 1840, one of this committee came up the Savannah river, and he there saw eleven large British vessels lading with Georgia timber-no Amer- ican vessel there ! ! This course of trade is not allowed to an Ameri- can vessel. And yet it is said we have a treaty of reciprocity with England.
REPORT ON THE COMMERCIAL INTERCOURSE OF THE UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN.
The committee of the American Institute, to whom was referred to inquire and report on the operation and effect of the legislation and the commercial regulations of foreign countries, on the agricultural and commercial interests of the United States, particularly in their effects on articles, the growth and produce of this country, respectfully re- port:
That they have had the subject, referred to them, under considera- tion ; and that it appears, that the largest portion of our commerce, both exports and imports, is carried on between this country and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. By confining our in- M 1
*Under the act, 3 Vic., chap. 17, (May 15, 1840,) an addition of five per cent., on the amount of duties on all importations into Great Britain, except bread stuffs, spirits and wood, was levied ; which law remains in force with the British tariff of July, 1842.
134
quiry to that branch of trade, we are enabled to present, in contrast, the legislation of the most important foreign nation, with that of the United States. We here beg leave to remark, that we know of no good rea- son why so large a share of our trade with foreign countries -- more than one-third of the whole-should be carried on between the United States and Great Britain, unless it be owing to the wisdom in legislation and skill'in administration, practiced by that nation for the protection of their own interests in agriculture, commerce, and manufactures.
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