USA > Kentucky > Fayette County > Lexington > History of Lexington, Kentucky : its early annals and recent progress, including biographical sketches and personal reminiscences of the pioneer settlers, notices of prominent citizens, etc., etc. > Part 14
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During the entire spring, and while these expeditions were in progress, preparations for the great invasion of the Indian country by General St. Clair were progressing. As early as May, St. Clair had come to Lexington in person to get the aid of the militia; but the infirm old man, with his well-known character for rigid discipline and bad luck,
*Old Gazette.
tOld Gazette.
įKentucky Gazette.
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met with very small encouragement. One company of sixty men, under William Ellis* (one of the founders of Grant's station), comprised all the volunteers from the whole of Lexington and Fayette county. The balance of the troops obtained by St. Clair from Kentucky had to be drafted, and they, without confidence in their commander's ability, and regarding the regular force which they were compelled to serve with as doomed to destruction, deserted every day .; Beset by a combination of unfavorable cir- cumstances, St. Clair, with his disaffected troops, commenced his march from Fort Jefferson against the Miami villages, and on the 4th of November, while encamped on a tribu- tary of the Wabash, was suddenly attacked by twelve hun- dred Indians, and suffered one of the most terrible and overwhelming defeats recorded in the annals of savage warfare. The news of this great disaster brought sorrow to many a household in Fayette county ; but no record of her loss is known to be in existence. In an old journal,t mention is casually made that " Israel Hart, William Bryan, Charles Bland, William Lee, Matthew Robinson, Noble Wood, and James M'Farin had been paid for their services during St. Clair's campaign." An incident of the day was the arrival in Lexington of a band of friendly Chickasaw warriors on their way to join the army of St. Clair, who had been defeated just the day before they got to this city.
In December, 1791, Fayette elected the following dele- gates to the convention to form a constitution for Kentucky, viz : Hubbard Taylor, Thos. Lewis, George S. Smith, Robert Frier, and James Crawford. This was to be the last of the long series of Danville conventions, as Congress, on the 4th of the preceding February, had admitted Kentucky into the Union.
*St. Clair's Report.
1 +Collins, 44.
ĮKentucky Gazette:
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CHAPTER XIX.
Indian Depredations-First Session of the Kentucky Legisla- ture : Proceedings, Addresses, Ceremonies, and Appoint- ments-Removal of the Capital-List of Public Officers since 1792-Circuit Judges and Clerks-State Representatives and Senators-United States Representatives and Senators.
THE spring of 1792 had hardly come, before the Indians, exulting in St. Clair's defeat, renewed their incursions, and the danger soon became such that immigrants and settlers were compelled when traveling to go in armed bands. About the first of March, the Indians burnt two houses, and killed a man and woman on North Elkhorn, and shortly after, as if determined to aggravate their white foes by every possible means, they crept even nearer to Lexing- ton, and stole negroes, carried them off and sold them .* The last man killed by the Indians, in the vicinity of Lex- ington, was shot and scalped in the spring of 1792. His body was brought to town, and was prepared for burial in a house on Hill street, between Spring and Merino. Bad as matters were, no expeditions against the Indians were at- tempted, as fruitless efforts were then being made by the government to effect a peace with the enraged savages.
The ninth and last convention met in Danville, April 1st of this year, and on the 19th of the month, and the seven- teenth anniversary of the battle of Lexington, Massachu- setts, the first constitution of Kentucky was adopted, to go into effect on the 1st of June following. In May, the gov- ernor and other officers, and the members of both houses of the legislature, were elected. On the 4th of June, 1792,t commenced in Lexington the first session of the Kentucky
*Old Gazette.
¡State Papers, and Old Gazette.
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1792.]
legislature, and the organization of the state government. Early in the morning of that eventful day, the infant cap- ital of the new state presented a scene of unusual bustle and excitement. The streets were crowded with citizens and soldiers. Men, women, and children, arrayed in the gayest pioneer fashion, poured in from the country in every direction. Orderlies dashed about, drums beat, sabers clat- tered, and ramrods rattled, and such a cleaning of rifles, patching of buckskin suits, snapping of flints, and gather- ing of provisions, was wonderful to behold. The day was well worthy of the attention it received. It had been eagerly and anxiously desired by the people of Kentucky for years, and was destined to be an era in their history, for on that day Isaac Shelby was to take the oath of office as governor of a commonwealth then but three days old, and the work of setting up the political machinery of the new state was to be regularly begun.
As the morning waned, news came in that the governor, then being escorted from Danville by a detachment of the Lexington troop of horse, was approaching the town, and forthwith the "county lieutenant," the board of trustees, the members of the legislature who had arrived, and a large number of prominent gentlemen, went out to meet him. At the corner of Main and Broadway, he was received with military honors by the " Old Infantry Company," and, in the midst of enthusiastic cheers from the great crowd there assembled, was presented by the chairman of the board of trustees of Lexington with the following written address :
" To His Excellency, Isaac Shelby, Esq., Governor of the State of Kentucky :
" SIR : The inhabitants of the town of Lexington beg leave through us to present to your excellency their sincerest congratulations on your appointment to the office of chief magistrate of the State of Kentucky.
" Truly sensible that no other motive than a sincere de- sire to promote the happiness and welfare of your country could have induced you to accept an appointment that must
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draw you from those scenes of domestic ease and private tranquillity which you enjoy in so eminent a degree.
" Having the fullest confidence in your wisdom, virtue, and integrity, we rest satisfied that under your administra- tion the constitution will be kept inviolate, and the laws so calculated as to promote happiness and good order in the state.
" In the name of the inhabitants of Lexington, we bid you welcome, and assure you that we, and those we repre- sent, have the warmest attachment to your person and char- acter.
"May your administration insure blessings to your country, and honor and happiness to yourself.
" By order of the trustees of Lexington.
"JOHN BRADFORD, Chairman."
After the presentation of this address, the oath of office was administered; then the horse and infantry paraded on the public square, and, after firing alternately fifteen rounds, a general discharge of rifles was given in honor of the new governor, who was escorted to his lodgings by the largest and most picturesque procession that the western country had then known. "Store clothes" were scarce in that mul- titude, while tow-linen shirts, powder-horns, moccasins, buckskin pants, and coonskin caps were abundant.
Later in the day the following reply to the address of welcome was sent by Governor Shelby :
" To Mr. John Bradford, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Lexington :
" SIR : I receive, with the warmest sentiments of gratitude and respect, your very polite and genteel address, which, added to the friendly treatment exhibited by you this day in con- ducting me to this place, commands my most cordial respect and esteem ; and, although I am thoroughly sensible of my want of experience and abilities to discharge the very im- portant duties committed to me, the warm congratulations only of my country induce me to come forward, with some hope that by a strict attention to the duties of my office,
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and a firm adherence to public justice (both of which, I trust, are in my power), I may in some degree merit a part of that confidence which they have placed in me.
" Unacquainted with flattery, I only use the plain lan- guage of truth to express my warm attachment to the in- habitants of this place, and assure them, through you, sir, that I shall be happy to render them any service in my power which may not be incompatible with the interests of our common country.
" I have the honor to be, with great regard and esteem, sir, your most obedient servant,
"ISAAC SHELBY."
This address was read to the citizens, and also the announcement of the appointments, by the governor, of James Brown as secretary of state, and George Nicholas, attorney-general .* The legislature met and organized by electing Alexander S. Bullitt, of Jefferson county, speaker of the senate; Robert Breckinridge, speaker of the house, and John Logan, of Lincoln, state treasurer, after which it adjourned, and the rest of the day was spent in rejoic- ing and in interchange of courtesies between the citizens and their distinguished guests.
On the 6th of June, after the general assembly had been fully organized, the members of both houses assembled in the senate chamber of the state-house, a two-story log building of the regular old pioneer type that stood nearly in the center of the east side of Main street, between Mill and Broadway. At twelve o'clock, Governor Shelby entered the hall, attended by the secretary of state, and was imme- diately conducted to a position on the right of the speaker of the senate, where, after respectfully addressing, first the senate and then the house, he proceeded to read the com- munications he had prepared. He was listened to with the deepest attention, and amid the most profound silence on the part of the mass of the legislators and citizens, who filled almost to suffocation every nook and corner of the gloomy but substantial edifice. At the close of his address,
*Kentucky Gazette.
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the governor delivered to each speaker a copy of the man- uscript, and retired as he had entered. The two houses then separated, and, after voting an address in reply to that of his excellency, adjourned .* What a scene for a painter, what a subject for a glowing pen, was that of the opening of the first session of the Kentucky legislature, where the courtly practice of the British kings and colonial governors appeared in such strange and striking contrast with the rude and simple surroundings of early western life. The pomp and state of the house of lords in a log cabin, the royal ermine, and the republican coonskin, European refine- ment and elegance, western simplicity and virtue. Proba- bly just such another scene has never been enacted before or since. The example set by Governor Shelby, of ad- dressing the legislature in person, was followed in Kentucky up to the time of Governor Scott, when it was changed to the present one, in accordance with a precedent established by President Jefferson.
The legislature was engaged during its first session in organizing the government, the judiciary and revenue re- quiring much of its attention. The session lasted twelve days. The first bill that secured the sanction of the gov- ernor was entitled "an act establishing an auditor's office of public accounts."+ Acts were passed "establishing the town of Versailles, at Woodford court-house; " and form- ing the county of Clark from a part of Fayette. Bills were passed establishing the various courts, and taxes were imposed on land, carriages, cattle, billiard tables, ordinary licenses, and retail stores. Commissioners were appointed by the house of representatives to select a permanent seat of government, then a matter of great jealousy and con- tention between the people of the opposite sides of the Ken- tucky river .¿ Five gentlemen were chosen, any three of whom might fix upon a location. Their names were Robert Todd, of Fayette; John Edwards and John Allen, of Bourbon; Henry Lee, of Mason; and Thos. Kenneday, of Madison. The commissioners met soon after their appoint-
*Kentucky Gazette.
+State Papers.
įButler.
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FIRST SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE.
1792.]
ment, when it was found that two were in favor of Frank- fort, and two for Lexington. The matter was decided by the vote of General Robert Todd for Frankfort. Why General Todd decided against his own town has long been a mystery to many, but it is known that he regarded his position as a delicate one, inasmuch as he owned a large amount of land in this vicinity, and feared if he gave his vote for his own place of residence, it might be attributed to motives of personal interest. Modern legislators are seldom troubled with such acute sensibilities. What a pity it is that General Todd listened to the seductive voice of old Mrs. Grundy. But he did, and Lexington lost the capital.
Some of the first appointments in the militia made by the governor were those of Benj. Harrison, Thos. Kenne- day, and Robert Todd, as brigadier-generals; William Russell, James Trotter, Henry Lee, William Steele, and Levi Todd, lieutenant-colonels; James McDowell, John Morrison, and John McDowell, majors. Robert Parker was appointed surveyor of Fayette county .*
The members of the assembly received one dollar per day for their services, and as no revenue had yet been col- lected, the treasurer had to borrow that, and when they were at last paid they had to rest content with " cut money ;" silver dollars cut into convenient "change," sometimes counted, but oftener weighed.t Old time wages of a dollar per day in "cut money," would not be extravagantly rel- ished, we imagine, by our present public servants. The office of the first state treasurer, who had neither treasure, nor building to put it in if he had, was in " the big log tavern" of Robert Megowan, deceased, then the tavern of this place, which stood on the spot now covered by Mr. Thomas Bradley's hardware store on Main street.}
At the time of this first session, Lexington was the largest town in the state, and contained one thousand in- habitants, the population of the entire commonwealth being about ninety thousand. The nine counties then in
*State Papers.
+Marshall.
#Old Inhabitants.
.
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[1792.
existence were Fayette, Mercer, Madison, Lincoln, Jeffer- son, Mason, Bourbon, Nelson, and Woodford.
As we said above, this first meeting of the Kentucky legislature was an event of great moment and heartfelt satisfaction to the people. The infant republic of the vast wilderness had seen nothing but trials, vexations, and dis- heartening obstacles in its way from the time it was a dis- trict of Virginia till it became an independent state. Nine conventions met and toiled before the much-desired result was obtained. The whole work was done over and over again. They were aggravated by the tardiness of Virginia to complete the work of separating the district from the mother State. The old Congress of 1788 declined emphat- ically to act on Kentucky's petition to be received into the Union. The distinguished John Brown, first and only member from Kentucky in the old Congress, said that "the New England states wanted no new Southern states ad- mitted .*
Here was another delay. Kentucky had to wait till the old crumbling government had dissolved, and the new one had gone into effect. To these repulses may be added the other troubles of French, Spanish, and English intrigues, the ambitious and disturbing conduct of some of her own statesmen, and ever recurring Indian troubles. But all difficulties were overcome. The first legislature met, and the citizens of the new commonwealth rejoiced with ex- ceeding great joy.
The magistrates composing the Fayette court of quarter sessions in 1792 were Thomas Lewis, John McDowell, and Robert Todd; and those of the county court were James Trotter, Walter Carr, Percival Butler, Edward Payne, Joseph Crockett, William Campbell, Abraham Bowman, Hubbard Taylor, and James McMillan. The other public officers who have served the town and county since the organization of the state government are as follows, viz:
*Gazette.
177
JUDGES, CLERKS, AND REPRESENTATIVES.
1792.]
CIRCUIT COURT JUDGES.
Samuel McDowell, Buckner Thurston, John Coburn, Thomas Lewis, Robert Todd, Benjamin Howard, Henry Payne, John Monroe, John McDowell, John Parker, Will- iam Warren, Benjamin Johnson, Benjamin Mills, Jesse Bledsoe, T. M. Hickey, Daniel Mayes, A. K. Woolley, Richard A. Buckner, W. C. Goodloe, C. B. Thomas.
CIRCUIT COURT CLERKS.
Thomas Bodley, H. I. Bodley, T. S. Redd, James Wood, J. B. Norton, J. B. Rodes.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES.
First Representatives of Fayette in Legislature of Ken- tucky, May 1, 1792-William Russell, John Hawkins, Thomas Lewis, Hubbard Taylor, James Trotter, Joseph Crockett, James McMillan, John McDowell, Robert Pat- terson.
1793. David Walker, James Hughes, Edmund Bullock, Joseph Crockett, John South, Thomas January, Robert Frier, Reuben Searcy.
1794. Joseph Crockett, E. Bullock, John McDowell, J. Hughes, D. Walker, J. South.
1795. E. Bullock, J. Crockett, John Parker, J. Mc- Dowell, J. Hughes, D. Walker.
1796. Bullock, Parker, William Russell, Hughes, Mc- Dowell, Walker,Walter Carr.
1797. McDowell, Bullock, Parker, Russell, John Brad- ford, Thomas Caldwell, James Morrison.
1798. Bullock, C. Beatty, J. Parker, J. H. Stewart, R. Patterson, McGregor, Carr, Breckinridge, H. Harrison, McDowell, Thomas Caldwell, W. Russell.
1799. W. Russell, John Breckinridge, John Bell, John South, Hez. Harrison, W. Carr.
1800. W. Russell, John Breckinridge, John Parker, Hez. Harrison.
1801. Benjamin Graves, James Hughes, Benjamin How- ard, John Bell.
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HISTORY OF LEXINGTON.
[1792.
1802. Benjamin Howard, Wm. Russell, James Hughes, John Bradford.
r 1803. Wm. Russell, Jas. Hughes, James True, Henry Clay.
1804. Henry Clay, Wm. Russell, Benj. Graves.
1805. Henry Clay, Wm. Russell, Grimm R. Tompkins.
1806. Henry Clay, Wm. Russell, John Pope.
1807. Henry Clay, "Wm. Russell, John Pope.
.56,80- 1808. Henry Clay, John Parker, James Fishback. 1809. W. T. Barry, H. Clay, Alfred W. Grayson, Geo. Trotter (elected to fill vacancy by Clay resigning, who went to United States Senate).
1810. David Todd, John H. Morton, Joseph H. Hawkins. 1811. George Trotter, David Todd, J. H. Hawkins.
1812. J. H. Hawkins, David Todd, Jesse Bledsoe. 1813. D. Todd, J. H. Hawkins, Robert Russell. 1814. W. T. Barry, Henry Payne, T. T. Crittenden. 1815. H. Payne, James True, Levi L. Todd.
1816. Jos. C. Breckinridge, J. Parker, J. True.
1817. Jos. C. Breckinridge, J. Parker, W. T. Barry.
1818. Jos. C. Breckinridge, Thos. T. Barr, Thomas T. Crittenden.
1819. J. Parker, H. Payne, R. Wickliffe.
1820. Percival Butler, H. Payne, George Shannon.
1821. Jas E. Davis, John R. Witherspoon, Matthias Flournoy.
1822. James Trotter, Geo. Shannon, J. R. Witherspoon.
1823. Wm. Russell, R. Wickliffe, James True.
1824. H. C. Payne, R. Wickliffe, James True.
1825. R. J. Breckinridge, H. C. Payne, J. True.
1826. R. J. Breckinridge, M. Flournoy, J. True.
1827. R. J. Breckinridge, Leslie Combs, J. True, Jr.
1828. R. J. Breckinridge, Leslie Combs, J. True, Jr. 1829. Edward J. Wilson, Combs, and True. 1830. John Curd, Combs, and True.
1831. H. E. Innis, Chas. Carr, R. H. Chinn.
1832. A. K. Woolley, J. R. Dunlap, H. E. Innis. 1833. L. Combs, G. R. Tompkins, J. R. Dunlap. 1834. G. R. Tompkins, J. R. Dunlap, A. K. Woolley. 1835. Jacob Hughes, John Curd, Robt. Wickliffe, Jr.
179
STATE SENATORS.
1792.]
1836. H. Daniel, W. Rodes, Robt. Wickliffe, Jr.
1837. H. Clay, Jr., W. Rodes, Robt. Wickliffe, Jr.
1838. H. Clay, Jr., W. Rodes, Larkin B. Smith.
1839. Jacob Hughes, Rich'd Pindell, J. Q. Mckinney.
1840. C. M. Clay, J. Curd, Clayton Curle.
1841. Neal McCann, Robt. S. Todd.
1842. R. S. Todd, E. A. Dudley, O. D. Winn.
1843. T. S. Redd, Elisha Hogan, C. R. Thompson.
1844. Robt. S. Todd, Thos. A. Russell.
1845. L. Combs, G. W. Darnaby, J. Cunningham.
1846. L. Combs, Richard Spurr.
1847. L. Com bs, D. L. Price.
1848. George Robertson, R. J. Spurr.
1849. H. C. Pindell, John C. Breckinridge
1850. R. A. Athey, C. C. Rogers.
1851. Changed to two each second year.
1851 3 .that. Tror,
1853. M. C. Johnson, F. K. Hunt.
1855. R. J. Spurr, R. W. Hanson.
1857. Leslie Combs, M. C. Johnson.
1859. T. H. Clay, R. A. Buckner.
1861. R. A. Buckner.
1863. R. J. Spurr.
1865. J. C. Vanmeter.
1867. R. C. Rogers.
1869. D. L. Price.
1871. W. Cassius Goodloe.
STATE SENATORS.
1792, Robert Todd and Peyton Short; 1796, James Campbell; 1800, James Trotter; 1805, Edmund Bullock; 1809, Edmund Bullock; 1813, Edmund Bullock; 1817, W. T. Barry ; 1821, Matthias Flournoy; 1825, Robert Wick- liffe; 1829, Robert Wickliffe; 1833, R. II. Chinn; 1837, A. K. Woolley; 1841, William Rodes; 1845, R. S. Todd; 1849, Oliver Anderson; 1851, Elihu Hogan ; 1853, J. F. Robin- son ; 1857, W. S. Darnaby ; 1859, W. S. Darnaby ; 1861, J. F. Robinson ; 1865, W. A. Dudley; 1867, W. A. Dudley; 1869, A. L. McAfee.
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HISTORY OF LEXINGTON.
[1792.
CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES.
1796, John Fowler; 1804, John Fowler; 1806, Benjamin Howard; 1808, Benj. Howard; 1810, W. T. Barry; 1812, Henry Clay; 1814, Henry Clay; 1816, Henry Clay; 1818, Henry Clay ; 1820, S. H. Woodson; 1822, Henry Clay ; 1824, Henry Clay; 1825, Herman Bowmar; 1827, James Clarke; 1829, James Clarke; 1831, James Clarke; 1833, Chilton Allen; 1835, Chilton Allen; 1837, R. Hawes; 1839, R. Hawes; 1841, Thos. F. Marshall ; 1843, Garret Davis; 1845, Garret Davis; 1847, C. S. Morehead; 1849, C. S. More- head; 1851, J. C. Breckinridge ; 1853, J. C. Breckinridge; 1855, A. K. Marshall; 1857, J. B. Clay ; 1859, W. E. Sims; 1861, R. A. Buckner; 1863, Brutus Clay; 1865, G. S. Shank- lin ; 1867, J. B. Beck; 1868, J. B. Beck; 1870, J. B. Beck.
UNITED STATES SENATORS.
The following citizens of Fayette county have served terms in the Federal Senate, viz: 1792, John Brown; 1796, Humphrey Marshall, John Brown; 1801, John Breckin- ridge, Buckner Thruston; 1813, Jesse Bledsoe, John Pope; 1818, Henry Clay; 1825, Henry Clay ; 1836, Henry Clay ; 1861, John C. Breckinridge.
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LEXINGTON INDIGNANT, ETC.
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.
XX.
Lexington Indignant-A Virginia Town-Democratic Society Founded-John Breckinridge-Inventors and Inventions- West and the First Steamboat-Barlow's Planetarium- Music of Light-Speeder Spindle-Burrowes' Mustard- Locomotive- Vaccination.
THE removal of the state capital to Frankfort, in 1793, caused great disappointment in Lexington, and no little indignation, as Lexington was at that time the most impor- tant settlement on the frontier. A few months after the removal, and while the general assembly was in session in Frankfort, the Indians drove some hunters within five miles of the town, and shortly after actually penetrated into the place .* These incidents formed a standing sub- ject of wit and ridicule among disappointed Lexingtonians for weeks after their occurrence.
Lexington, in 1793, was a perfect type of the Virginia towns of that period. The manners, tastes, and appear- ance of the people, and the general characteristics of the place were Virginian, and though many of the citizens were emigrants from Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, the great mass of them had come from the Old Dominion. The grand old customs and distinguishing features of the mother of states and states- men, then impressed upon Lexington by her children, are happily not yet extinct.
Early in the summer of 1793; was founded the "Dem- ocratic Society of Lexington," John Breckinridge being president, and Thomas Bodley and Thomas Todd, clerks.
*Old Gazette, August 2, 1794.
+Butler.
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HISTORY OF LEXINGTON.
[1793.
This society was noted for its hostility to federalism, its efforts to secure the free navigation of the Mississippi river, and its passionate sympathy for the young republic of France. The members of the society, which embraced all the democrats in Lexington, wore tri-color cockades, and planted poles, surmounted with the cap of liberty, on every corner. One of these "liberty poles " remained standing for several years, on the corner of Main and Cheapside. The federalists, to show their aversion of the tri-color, wore a black cockade with an eagle button on the left side of · the hat. Party spirit was high and fierce, and if the dem- ocratic society of Lexington, with little regard for the gen- eral government, encouraged the agents of the French re- public in their efforts to organize a force to wrest from Spain her Louisiana territory, it is not to be wondered at when we remember that Spain stubbornly refused the western people an outlet to the ocean, and the federal gov- ernment, in addition to the almost studied coldness shown to Kentucky, was remarkably slow in bringing Spain to terms.
John Breckinridge, president of the Democratic Society, had arrived in Kentucky just a few months anterior to the formation of the society. He was born in Augusta county, Virginia, December 2, 1760. His father's early death compelled him, while but a boy, to labor hard to sus- tain his widowed mother and her impoverished family.
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