USA > Kentucky > The prehistoric men of Kentucky : a history of what is known of their lives and habits, together with a description of their implements and other relics and of the tumuli which have earned for them the designation of Mound builders > Part 17
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The conditions in this cave indicate that it was used by these prehistoric people through a long period of time, but it is improbable that the abode was continuous. It would rather appear that it was held as a place of refuge. If the cave is in the same geological condition now as when
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The Prehistoric Men of Kentucky
inhabited, the water supply must have presented great difficulty. It is not reasonable to believe that so large a number of persons would leave the pure air and sun- shine and take up a continuous life in the absolute dark- ness of this tremendous cavern, where only their fires and greased cane reeds could be relied on for light.
Thousands of stones have fallen from the ceilings. These fallen stones in places obstruct the passages, and the main avenue was at one time completely blocked and can only be passed now by a long detour through a side avenue. On these are found ashes, charcoal, and other evidences of fires. When this top layer has been removed, under it is now discoverable another set of fallen stones, and on these had fires likewise been built, and there yet exist ashes and charcoal, the remains of fires which antedated the last dropping from the roof of the chamber. It is reasonable, therefore, to conclude that the time covered by these two falling rocks must have embraced a period reaching over many years.
The remains in the cave indicate that its inhabitants were largely vegetarians, and that they subsisted on agri- cultural products. Except at the mouth of the cave there are no evidences that these cave people used animal food. At this single point the ash-beds contain large bones, which have been split for some purpose, prob- ably for the marrow, rendering it certain that flesh of some kind was eaten. Many bird bones make it almost sure that they fed in part upon that kind of food. These people resided only a mile from Green River, which is yet considered the best fishing stream in Kentucky. This would make a fish supply certain and continuous. The presence of mussel shells would also indicate that they were not ignorant of the use of this bivalve for food.
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INDEX
INDEX
ABBOTT'S "PRIMITIVE INDUSTRY, " 153. ABORIGINAL LADDER found in Salts Cave, 321.
ADAIR COUNTY, explorations, 17; pyra- mid mound, 35.
AGRICULTURE, successful, 9.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, 179.
ALLEGEWI, war of extermination, 3. ALLEGHENY RIVER, 21.
ALLEN COUNTY, graves found, 24; re- markable mound, 45; fort building, 56; remains of fortification, 60.
AMERICAN INDIAN, 8, 9, 10.
AMERICAN MONUMENTS, 6.
AMERICAN MUMMY, 298.
ANDERSON COUNTY, bunts found in, 178. APACHES making arrow-points, 150.
ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH in Ken- tucky, 12.
ARKANSAS, pottery, 143.
ARMSTRONG, Mr., cemetery on place, 29. ARNOLD, Dr. N. H., mill erected, 60. ARROW used by aboriginals, 247.
ARROWHEADS, 40, 83; force of, 120, 121; manufacture of, 150; Viard make, 153. See Arrow-points.
ARROW-POINTS, 147; classified, 154. See Arrowheads. ASHE, Thomas, cited, 13. ATWATER, Caleb, cited, 64.
AUDUBON, John J., visited by Rafin- esque, 15.
AUGUSTA, battleground near, 18. AWLS, 109, 110, 111.
AXES, stone, 83; various kinds, 114, 122; largest specimen found, 125; second largest specimen, 1125, 143; copper, 224.
BAG, resembling old-fashioned reticule, found in cave, 316.
BALLARD COUNTY, pyramid mound, 35; truncated mounds, 46; fortification, 55. BANNER STONES, 194, 196.
BARBED HOOKS, 255.
BARDON, Dr. B. S., 64.
BARDSTOWN, stonework, 77; stone re- mains, 96.
BARDSTOWN TURNPIKE CEMETERY, 29.
BARREN COUNTY, graves found, 24, 27; fort-building, 56; scalloped disk found, 246.
BARREN RIVER, stone graves along, 22; burials along, 29, 31; pottery found in stone graves, 145, 147; hurling stones found, 223; mussel shells found, 245.
BARRET, Thos. L., 193.
BATTLE-AX BLADE, 119.
BATTLE SCENE, imaginary, 85.
BAXTER, Dr. W. E., 269.
BAYOU DE CHIEN, rectangular mounds, 46; fortification on, 62.
BEADS, copper and shell, 23, 224; shell, 244; stone, 247; fluorspar, 248; quartz and rock crystal, 249; from Trigg County, 250.
BEAR CREEK, fortification near, 55. BEARSKIN found, 110.
"BEAUTIFUL RIVER, " 21. BED QUILT CAVE, 298.
BEGINNINGS OF ARCHEOLOGICAL RE- SEARCH in Kentucky, 12.
BELLS, copper, 45; found in Union County, 225.
BELL COUNTY, mound in, 45; beads found in, 225; wooden image found in, 268.
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Index
BEREA, mounds in, 50; stone fortifica- tion near, 75.
BEVELING, discovery of the use of, 169, 170.
BIG HILL TURNPIKE, stone fortification on, 75.
BIG SANDY RIVER, 31.
BIRD STONES, 197, 203. BLADES, copper, 224.
BLANKETS, fragments of, found in Salts Cave, 101.
BLUE LICK, Salt Springs, 176.
BOAT STONES, 219.
BOGY, James, mill erected by, 71; origi- nal settler, 72; family burying ground, 72.
BOONE, Squire, 71.
BOONE COUNTY, fort-building, 56.
BOONESBORO, stockade at, 12, 13.
BOURBON COUNTY, battlefields of, 5; sites and monuments, 17; fort-build- ing, 56; circles in, 74, 231.
BOW AND ARROW, description of, 119.
Bow STRINGS from Salts Cave, 120.
BOWL OR PLATTER found, 313.
BOWLING GREEN, stone fortification near, 57, 60.
BOYD COUNTY, chipped implements found, 192.
BOYLE COUNTY, arrow-points, spear- heads, etc., found, 147; mounds, 267. BRACELETS, copper, 226.
BRACKEN COUNTY, battlefields of, 5; graves in, 26.
BRAIDS found in Mammoth Cave, 308. BRAND, Mrs., enclosure on land of, 68. BREATHITT COUNTY, stone burials in, 31. BRECKINRIDGE COUNTY, implement of white cherty limestone found in, 165. BROWN COUNTY (O.), 25. BUELL, Gen., cited, 55.
BUFFALO CREEK, mound on, 42.
BULLITT, Col. Thos. W., image found on farm of, 270.
BUNTS or smaller flints, 177.
BURIALS in sitting or squatting posture, 25; in mounds, 31. BUTTERFLY STONES, 197.
CACHE FINDS of chipped implements, 192.
CADIZ, cache knives found near, 193. CAHOKIA (Il1.), description of mounds at, 11.
CALDWELL COUNTY, fort-building, 56; fortification, 58; leaf-shaped imple- ments found, 192.
CALUMET, or pipe of peace, 273.
CAMARGO, fort ring near, 74; copper rings found near, 233.
CAMPBELL, Rev. John P., "Western Antiquities, " 3; cited, 4.
CAMPBELL COUNTY, stone graves in, 26. CARROLL COUNTY, circle in, 74.
CASEYVILLE, cache finds near, 192.
CATACOMB, ancient (where Lexington now stands), 13.
CATLIN'S "LAST RAMBLES AMONGST THE INDIANS," 150, 222.
CAVES, discoveries in, 294.
CELTS, 122; description of, 126; of flint, 182.
CEREMONIALS of flint, 191; of polished stone, 194; bird stone, 197.
CHAMELEON SPRINGS, scepter found near, 191.
CHAMPLAIN cited, 9.
CHILLICOTHE (O.), visited by Rafin- esque, 15.
CHIPPED STONE IMPLEMENTS, 147. CHIPPEWAS, 198.
CHISELS, flint, 182; copper, 224.
CHRISTIAN COUNTY, burial cists in, 24; stone grave burials; grooved ax and trowel found, 145; flint relics in, 149; saw-like flints, 164; leaf-shaped im- plements, 166, 193; gorget from mound, 243.
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Index
CHUNGKEE, Indian game, 223. CIRCLEVILLE (O.), articles of iron and silver found, 9.
CLARK, Gen. George Rogers, 4, 5.
CLARK COUNTY, stone graves, 25; burials without use of stone or wood, 29; bones, flint, and mica found, 30; burials, 31; circles in, 74; as thorough- fare, 231.
CLAY COUNTY, 17. CLIFFORD, John D., 15.
CLOTH found in cave, 101, 308.
COCKRELL, Maj. G. B., 257. COLLINS' "HISTORY OF KENTUCKY,"46, 67. COLOSSAL CAVERN, 297.
CONES AND HEMISPHERE-SHAPED OB- JECTS, 235.
COOKING, methods of, 259.
COPPER spools found near Lebanon, 20; cylinders, 25; bells, 45; implements and ornaments, 224; found in Mont- gomery County, 225; bells, 225; artifacts and bracelets, 226; bars, 233. CORN, different kinds found in cave, 323. CORN COBS found in Salts Cave, 180. CORNSTALK, Indian chief, 4.
CRAB ORCHARD SPRINGS, piece of shell art found near, 238.
CRESCENTS, 210.
CRITTENDEN COUNTY, short tubes found, 209; boat stones found, 219.
CROPS, varieties of, 180. CROSS-BOW, evidences of use of, 122. CULTIVATION along river bottoms, 180. CUMBERLAND COUNTY, spuds found, 204; hour-glass tubes found, 209.
CUMBERLAND RIVER, stone graves near, 22; valley home of race of pygmies, 24; burials along bank, 29, 30, 31; mounds found, 37; ancient ax found, 126; pottery ware found, 143; vast population, 147, 192; hurling stones found, 223; ancient burial ground, 236; mussel shells found in, 245, 250; image found on, 268.
CUPS made of wood and stone, 113; made of univalves, 245; unique speci- men, 315. CYLINDERS, copper, 224.
DARK AND BLOODY GROUND, 5, 176. DAVEISS, Col. Joe Hamilton, 5. DELAWARES, traditions of, 2, 3, 197. DESOTO, 6, 9.
DEVIL'S BACKBONE, 25.
DISCOIDAL STONES, 220. DISCOVERIES IN KENTUCKY CAVES, 294. DISKS, copper, 224.
DONDELSON CREEK, fortification near, 58.
DOVER, graves near, 26. DRAKE'S CREEK, 60. DRESS, prehistoric, 100. DRILLING, 259.
DRILLS OR PERFORATORS, 175, 259. See also Fire, methods of making. DUPRATZ cited, 223. DYES used by prehistoric people, 107, 108.
EARTHWORKS, 50. EAST INDIAN SHELLS found, 18. EDDYVILLE, shell gorget found, 226, 236. EDMONSON COUNTY, graves in, 24; fort- building, 56; scepter found, 191; underground streams in, 297.
EFFIGY BEAR MOUND described, 48. ELKHORN CREEK, mounds on, 68. ENCLOSURES, 50; best in Kentucky, 71; best circular types, 71.
ESTILL COUNTY, burials in, 31; mounds in, 48. EVANS, R. B., 45, 191.
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Index
FALLS OF THE OHIO, battle at, 4.
FARMER, Mr. L., finds wooden image of inan, 268.
FAYETTE COUNTY, sites of towns and graves, 18; burials, 29; best pre- served enclosure, 68; mound, 70; circular enclosures, 71; circles in, 74; as thoroughfare, 231.
FERRIS, Mr., 73.
FERRIS, Mrs. Fred, 71, 74.
FIFES, prehistoric, 209.
FILSON, John, Kentucky's first histo- rian, 13.
FIRE, methods of making, 259.
FIRST cabin at Lexington, 12; per- manent white settlement, 12; histo- rian of Kentucky, 13.
FISH HOOKS AND STONE SINKERS, 250, 255.
FISHING IMPLEMENTS, tackle and sinkers, 234, 250, 256.
FLINT KNIVES, 122; art of chipping, 149; disk found in Trigg County, 164; larg- est specimen of, 167; ceremonials and celts of, 191; ax, 322.
FLUTES, prehistoric, 209. FORT, largest in Kentucky, 75.
FORT HARMAR, 64.
FORTIFICATIONS of stone, 50; descrip- tion, 57, 58.
FOWKE, Mr., 25, 26, 154.
FRANKLIN, Dr. Benjamin, 6.
FRANKLIN COUNTY, mortar from, 134; bunts from, 178; banner stones from, 196; pipe from, 292.
FULTON COUNTY, pyramid mound, 35; mound, 45; rectangular mound, 46; fort-building, 56; fortification, 61; copper beads found, 225.
GALLATIN COUNTY, mounds, 35, 46. GARRARD COUNTY, Indian Fort Moun- tain, 75.
GLASGOW, 45; vessels and cups found near, 245.
GORGETS, 23; copper, 224; engraved, 235.
GOURDS, discovery in cavc, 327; seed distributed, 328.
GOURD BOTTLE found, 315.
GRAPE STEMS in preservation, 323.
GRASSY LICK, circle on, 74.
GRATZ, Mr., 257.
GRAVES, prehistoric, 22; description of, 27, 28.
GREEN COUNTY, fort-building, 56; re- markable fort, 60.
GREENSBURG, remarkable fort near, 60. GREEN RIVER, pipe found near, 21; stone burials along, 22; stone cists found along, 24; burials along, 29, 31; fortifications along, 55, 57; pottery found in stone graves, 145; vast popu- lation, 147; hurling stones found along, 223; mussel shells found in, 245; pipc found near, 285; cave people, 329.
GREENUP COUNTY, 17; stonc burials, 22, 28; wall-like structure in, 35; effigy mound in, 47, 49; ancient earthworks, 64; copper beads found, 224.
GRINDSTONES, 182.
GROOVED AXES, 123, 124, 125, 233.
HAGAN, Jerry, 96, 97, 98, 100. HAIRPINS, 245.
HANCOCK COUNTY, banner stones found in, 196.
HARDIN COUNTY, stone fortification, 61. HARDINSBURG, burials in rock shelter, 30; leaf-shaped implement found, 165. HARLAN COUNTY, 17. HARMONY, Indians' ideas of, 210. HARPOON used by aboriginals, 257. HARRIS, John D., 29. HARRIS, Rev. Thaddeus M., 6, 7. HARRODSBURG, cabins at, 12.
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Index
HART COUNTY, pipe found in, 285; caves in, 297, 300.
HAT found in Salts Cave, 101; split cane, 321.
HAYWOOD, Judge, "Natural and Aborig- inal History of Tennessee," 208.
HAZEN, Theodore F., 300.
HEDDEN, Joseph W., 291. HEMATITE, ornaments and other objeets of, 233.
HENDERSON visited by Rafinesque, 15. HENDERSON COUNTY, image found in, 269.
HICKMAN, rectangular mounds near, 46; fortifieation near, 61, 62.
HICKMAN COUNTY, teocallis in, 18; pyra- midal mounds in, 35; fort-building, 56; fort in, 57.
HODGENVILLE, stone fort near, 59.
HOLMES, Prof. W. H., mounds classified by, 32; report of, 145, 198, 236, 243. HOLT,, Matt J., collection of bracelets, 226; speeimens gathered by, 232. HOPKINS COUNTY, fort-building, 56. HOPKINSVILLE, small mound near, 41. HORNSTONE KNIVES, 192. HOUR-GLASS TUBES of steatite, 209. HUMAN PELVIS found in cave, 120. HUPA INDIANS (California), 165. HURT, Hugh, 74. HURT, Maj. Jonathan, 64.
IDALIA, 75. IDOLS, 262. IMAGE found in Marion County, 267. IMAGES, stone, 262; wooden, 268, 269. IMAGINARY BATTLE SCENE, 85.
IMPLEMENTS of war and chase, 23; flint, 143; chipped stone, 147; leaf-shaped, 166; agricultural, 179; cache of leaf- shaped, 193; copper, 224; eelt-shaped, 245; fishing, 250.
INDIAN FORT MOUNTAIN, fortification on, 59, 75, 84, 85, 96.
INDIAN HILL, fortifications on, 55. IROQUOIS, 3; wars of, 102, 149. IRVINE, mound near, 48.
JACKSON COUNTY, 75.
JACKSON PURCHASE REGION SURVEY, 61. JEFFERSON COUNTY, leaf-shaped imple- ments found in, 193; bird stones found in, 203; pierced tablets found in, 207; boat stones found in, 219.
JESSAMINE COUNTY, 75. "JESUIT RELATIONS," 149. JOHNSON, A. B., 299.
JOHNSON, Harry L., collection of, 164, 167, 175, 182, 193, 196, 205, 210, 257.
JONATHAN CREEK, mounds on, 46. JONES, C. C., 207.
KEENE, prehistorie skeletons found near, 30.
KEN-TUCK-E signifies the river of blood, 5.
KENTUCKY, prehistorie men, 1, 5; begin- nings of areheologieal research, 12; first historian, 13; permanent settle- ment, 14, 17; period in which people lived, 19, 23; stone graves of peculiar type in Northern, 25; stone grave cists of Central and Southern, 26; different forms of burial in, 30; re- port of Geological Survey, 61; largest fort, 75; pottery, 143; caves of, 145; discoveries in cave, 294.
KENTUCKY RIVER, 31; mounds along, 37, 75; specimens of pottery found, 145; bunts found, 245. KINSER, Peter, 299. KINNICONECHE POUCH, 258.
KIRKSVILLE, mound near, 50.
KNIVES, flint, 176; hornstone, 192; and scrapers found in Salts Cave, 246. KNOX COUNTY, 17.
KUNZ, "Gems and Precious Stones," 259, 260.
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Index
LADDER found in Salts Cave, 321.
LAKETON, fortification near, 63.
LALLEMANT, Father, 102, 149.
LANCASTER, mounds near, 50.
LARUE COUNTY, fort-building, 56, 59. LA SALLE, 9, 21.
LEBANON, mound near, 20; thread found in mound near, 113.
LENNI-LENAPE, 3.
LEWIS, T. H., 47, 64.
LEXINGTON, first cabin at, 12; inhabited before coming of white man, 13; center of prehistoric population, 14, 15; en- closure near, 68, 70.
LICKING RIVER, 31; mounds found, 37. LINCOLN COUNTY, 238.
LINDSAY MOUND explored, 42, 44.
LINNEY, Prof. W. M., 267.
LITTLE RIVER, burial cists on, 24; pottery found along, 145; graveyard on, 250.
LIVINGSTON COUNTY, octagonal mound in, 18; celts found in, 182, 191.
LOST CREEK, mounds on, 42, 44.
LOUGHRIDGE, Dr. R. H., 61.
LOUISVILLE, Rafinesque visits, 15, 17; La Salle visits present site of, 21; cemetery near, 29, 111, 193.
LOUISVILLE AND PORTLAND CANAL, awl found on, 111,; flints found, 193.
LOUISVILLE PUBLIC LIBRARY, stone image in, 267, 270.
LOVEDALE, mound near, 47.
LUNSFORD, A. C., 238.
LYON COUNTY, shell gorget found in, 226, 236.
LYON, Prof. Sidney S., mounds of Union County explored by, 42, 45, 225.
McARTHUR'S LICK, noted saline spring, 67.
MCCRACKEN COUNTY, explorations in, 17; square teocallis found in, 18.
McGUIRE, Dr. Joseph E., "Pipes and Smoking Customs of the American Aborigines," 284.
McKEE, Col., commander on the Kana- wha, 4.
MADISON, Bishop of Virginia, 6, 7.
MADISON COUNTY, mound in, 19; burials in, 29, 31; Moberly Mound in, 38; most unusual mound in, 48, 50; fort-build- ing, 56; circular enclosures in, 71; early settler's grave, 73; enclosures in, 74, 75; leaf-shaped implement found in, 163; specimens of saws found in, 164; banner stones found in, 196; as thoroughfare, 231; celt-shaped imple- ments found in, 245.
MAGEE AND THOMAS, "Prehistoric North America," 243.
MAIZE and various vegetables, culti- vation of, 9.
MAMMOTH CAVE, 257; moccasins found in, 258; Kinniconeche pouch found in, 258; two meshes of fishing net found in, 258; mummy said to have been discovered in, 258, 297, 298, 299; moc- casin found in, 307; wooden bowl found in, 314.
MARION COUNTY, image found in, 267. MARQUETTE, 9, 21.
MARSHALL COUNTY, rectangular mound in, 46.
MASK found in Owen County, 269. MASON, Otis, 165.
MASON COUNTY, graves in, 26; pyramid mound in, 35, 47; circles in, 74; earth- work remains in, 176; as thoroughfare, 231.
MAT found in cave, 308.
MAXWELL SPRING, blockhouse at, 13.
MAYFIELD CREEK, fortification on, 46, 55, 63.
MAYSVILLE, circle near, 74.
MEADE COUNTY, human pelvis found in cave in, 120; banner stones found in, 196; pierced tablets found in, 207.
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Index
MEGOWAN, John T., oval enclosure on farm of, 74.
MELON RIND in preservation, 323.
MERCER COUNTY, arrow-points, spear- heads, etc., found in, 147, 149; speci- mens of saws found in, 164. MERRIAM, Mr., cited, 316. MICHIGAN copper mines, 20.
MIDDLE FORK, 60.
MISSISSIPPI, 21; its tributaries, 36, 62; pottery in valley of, 143, 145. MISSOURI, pottery, 143.
MITCHELL, Dr. Samuel L., 258.
MOBERLY MOUND in Madison county, 38; excavations in, 38, 39, 40, 231.
MOBERLY STATION, mound near, 48. MOCCASINS found in Salts Cave, 299; found in Mammoth Cave, 307.
MONONGAHELA RIVER, 21.
MONROE COUNTY, graves found in, 27. MONTGOMERY COUNTY, mounds in, 18, 35, 38, 46; bones, flints, and mica found in, 30; enclosures found in, 71; circle west of, 74; boat stones found in, 219; as thoroughfare, 231; prehistoric men in, 232; bone implements found, 256. MOORE, Col. James, 3, 5.
MOORE FARM, enclosure on, 68.
MOOREHEAD, Prof. Warren K., 166, 197, 198. MORGAN, Col. George, 64.
MORGAN COUNTY, burials in, 31.
MORGAN'S OLD STATION, circles near, 74. MORTARS, 122, 133. MORTON, D., surveys, 64.
MOUND BUILDERS, 7, 8, 32, 37; knowl- edge of defensive warfare, 55, 84, 131, 134, 220, 285, 286, 324.
MOUND CITY (II1.), pyramid mound opposite, 46.
MOUNDS, greatest of all, 11; octagonal, 18; examined in Madison County, 19, 20; conical, 32, 35; pyramidal, 35; pear-shaped, 35; exploration of, 42,
43; truncated, 45, 46; rectangular, 46; effigy representing bear, 47.
MOUNDS AND MOUND BURIALS, 31, 37. MONTGOMERY COUNTY, burials in, 29; copper found in, 225; copper bracelets found in, 226; pipe found in, 291.
MT. STERLING, large mound at, 37, 38; copper bracelets found near, 226; copper implements found near, 231; pipe found near, 291.
MULLIGAN, Hon. James H., 68, 69.
MUMMY, American, found in Short Cave, 101, 298.
MUMMY VALLEY, Salts Cave, 308.
MUMMIES found in cave encased in clothing, 107. MUNFORD, Col. Robert, pipe found by, 21, 286.
MUNFORDVILLE, 286.
NARROWS, The, fort near, 60. NEEDLES, 109, 110, 111, 112.
NELSON COUNTY, burials in, 28; stone- work in, 77; stone structure in, 96.
NEW HAVEN TURNPIKE, stonework on, 77.
NEWPORT, stone graves above, 26. NEWTOWN TURNPIKE, enclosures on, 68.
NEW YORK, Indian mounds, 9.
NICHOLAS COUNTY, arrow-points, spear- heads, etc., found in, 147.
NICHOLASVILLE, prehistoric found near, 30.
skeleton
NICOT, Jean, 271.
NORTH ELKHORN RIVER, sites of towns found on, 18, 70; circular enclosure on, 71.
O'BYAM'S FORT, 57. OHIO, 9. OHIO RIVER, 16, 17, 26, 31, 35, 37, 65, 74; vast population, 147, 193.
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Index
"OLD FORT," mound near, 35; earth- works near, 47.
OLDHAM COUNTY, banner stones found in, 196.
ONNONTAHERONNON IROQUOIS, 149.
ONTOAGANNHA, were , the Shawnees, 149.
ORNAMENTS, copper, 224; hematite, 233. OWEN COUNTY, mask found in, 269.
PAINTS, 23. PATZ, Chas., 203, 255.
PEABODY MUSEUM of Archeology and Ethnology, 27.
PENDANTS, 23; copper, 224.
PENDLETON COUNTY, battlefields of, 5; circles in, 74.
PERIOD in which people lived in Ken- tucky, 19.
PERRY COUNTY, 17.
PESTLES, 122, 131, 133.
PICKETT, Dr. Thos. E., 2; "Testimony of the Mounds," 3. PIERCED TABLETS, 205.
PINEVILLE, wooden image found near, 268.
PIPE found near Green River, 21, 23, 270, 272; six hundred years old found, 285, 286; found in Montgomery County, 291; found in Franklin county, 292; most artistic ever found in Kentucky, 292, 293.
PIPE of clay, 40. PIPE of peace, 273.
PITTMAN'S CREEK, remarkable fort on, 60.
PITTMAN'S FORT, pioneer station called, 60.
PLUMMET OR PEAR-SHAPED OBJECTS, 234.
POLISHED STONE, ceremonials of, 194. PORTSMOUTH (O.), 48, 64, 65.
PORTSMOUTH GROUP, 35, 47, 49. POTTERY, 23, 83; ware, 143; ornamental, 144; specimens of, 146.
POWERS, Stephen, 153, 165. PREHISTORIC DRESS, 100.
PREHISTORIC MEN OF KENTUCKY, 1, 3; in Montgomery County, 232.
PREHISTORIC POPULATION, Lexington center of, 14.
PRINCETON, cache of leaf-shaped imple- ments found near, 192.
PROCTOR, Hon. B. F., 58. PROCTOR, J. R., 55.
PULASKI COUNTY, 17; ax found in, 126.
PUNCKNEY BEND ROAD, mounds on, 46; fortification on, 55, 63.
PUTNAM, Prof. F. W., 26, 27, 28, 284, 298, 300, 308, 314.
PYGMIES, race of, 24.
RAFINESQUE, prehistoric ethnography, 4; "Ancient Annals of Kentucky," 15; visits, 15, 16; "History of the Earth and Mankind, etc.," 16; death of, 16, 19; cited, 46, 47, 64.
RALEIGH, mound near, 42.
RAU, Chas., "Prehistoric Fishing in Europe and North America," 257.
RED INDIANS, 9, 10, 100.
REEDS used in treating disease, 207.
RELIABILITY OF RINGS OF TREES as an indication of age, 20.
RETICULES AND KNAPSACKS found, 108. RICHARDS FAMILY, 96.
RICHEY'S RUN, 96.
RICHMOND, burials near, 29; Moberly Mound near, 38, 231; mounds near, 48, 50; circular enclosures near, 71; stone boxes or ovens near, 83; mound near, 84.
RINGS and copper medals found, 18; copper, 226, 232; stone, 247. RIPLEY, grave near, 25.
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Index
"RIVER OF BLOOD, " or Ken-tuck-e, 5. ROBE'S MOUNTAIN, description of, 75, 76.
ROBINSON, Prof. R. S., cited, 30.
ROCKCASTLE COUNTY as thoroughfare, 17; stone grave in, 75; fort in, 75. "ROCK HOUSES," 30.
ROGERS, Mrs. Ellen, specimens found on farm of, 243.
ROGERS FARM, scepter or mace found, 192; graveyard on, 250.
ROLLING FORK RIVER, stone fort on, 59. RUTHTON, enclosures near, 71.
SAC INDIAN cited, 5.
SALTS CAVE, slippers, blankets, etc., found, 101; bow strings from, 120; to- bacco and corn cobs found in, 180; knives and scrapers found in, 246; textile fabrics found in, 248, 297; leaf tobacco and seed pod found in, 284, 285; most prolific in relics, 298; ex cavations by prehistoric people in, 299; moccasin found in, 299; new en- trance to, 300; atmospheric conditions in, 307; flint ax and chisel-like celt, pestle, and arrowheads found in, 322; gourd found in, 328.
SALT RIVER, center of pottery making, 143.
SAMUELS MOUND, 83. SANDALS or slippers found, 306.
SAND ISLAND, arrow found near, 193.
SANDY CREEK, ancient fortification on, 63.
SANDY ISLAND, human bones found on, 4; battle of, 4, 5.
SAW-LIKE FLINTS, 164. SEARCEY, Hon. Chas. L., cited, 75.
SETTLEMENT IN KENTUCKY, first per- manent, 12.
SCHOOLCRAFT, "North American Indian Tribes," 152, 169.
SCHMUTZ, Henry, gourd seeds planted by, 328.
SCIOTO RIVER, mound on, 48; earth- works on, 64; enclosures opposite mouth, 65.
SCOTT COUNTY, ditched town in, 18. SCOTTSVILLE, fortification near, 60.
SHACKELFORD, Squire O. P., cited, 299.
SHALER, Prof. N. S., stone graves dis- covered by, 26; specimens secured by, 219; cited, 297.
SHAWNEES, 45; dress of, 107; versed in use of poisons, 121; occupants of West- ern Kentucky, 243; gorgcts worn by, 243.
SHEETS or blankets found in Salts Cave, 101.
SHELL, gorgets and other objects of, 233. SHORT CAVE, mummy found in, 101, 258, 297.
SILVER CREEK, mounds along, 50; cir- cular enclosures along, 71, 74; stone fortification along, 75; temples of wor- ship along, 85.
SINKERS for fishing, 258. SKELETONS borne from distant sec- tions, 24.
SLATE CREEK, circle on, 74. SLIPPERS found in Salts Cave, 101, 306.
SMITH, Capt. John, 9; cited, 150. SMOKING, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274. SOMERSET, ax found near, 126.
SOUTH ELKHORN RIVER, sites of towns found along, 18.
SOUTHERN STATES, Indian mounds, 9.
SPEARHEADS, 40; use defined, 121; found in large quantities, 121; as weapon, 121. SPIDER FIGURES found in Trigg County, 243.
SPINDLES, copper, 224.
SPOOLS, copper, 113, 114, 224; spool- shaped articles, 226.
SPOONS made of shell, 245. SPUDS, 203, 204, 205.
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Index
SQUARE ENCLOSURE, description of, 64, 65.
SQUASH CUP found, 314, 315.
SQUIER, E. G., surveys, 64.
SQUIER AND DAVIS, "Ancient Monu- ments of the Mississippi Valley," 47, 64; "Old Fort Earthworks," 67, 68. STAHL, Prof. H., 68.
STEATITE AND SANDSTONES as ovens, 133. STEWART COUNTY (Tenn.), 164, 165, 191; scepter or mace found in, 192.
STONE GRAVE BURIALS, 22; graves de- scribed, 26; fortifications and en- closures, 50; structure in Nelson County, 96; ax, 122; implements, 147; beads and rings, 247.
STONES, banner, 194, 196; bird, 197; butterfly, 197; boat, 219; discoidal, 220; paint, 235.
STONE AGE FORTIFICATION, 78; art of, 194.
SUNFLOWER HEAD in preservation, 323.
TABLETS, pierced, 205, 206, 207.
TANNED BEARSKINS, DEERSKINS, AND HIDES, 109, 110, 178.
TATE, Samuel G., discovers pieces of leaf tobacco, 324.
TATE, Wilson, mound on farm of, 48. TENNESSEE, pottery found in, 143.
TENNESSEE RIVER, stone graves along,
22; burials along, 29; bones, flints, and mica found along, 30, 31; stone graves along, 145; vast population along, 147, 192; hurling stones found along, 223; hairpins found along, 245.
TEOCALLIS, or places of worship, 7; near Lexington, 18.
TEXTILE FABRICS found in Salts Cave, 248, 297.
THEORIES AND TRADITIONS as to pre- historic men of Kentucky, 1.
THOMAS, Dr. Cyrus, cited, 25, 57. THREAD, 109, 110, 113, 114.
THRUSTON, Gen. Gates P., "Antiquities of Tennessee," 146, 164, 191, 208. TIMBERLAKE, Lieut., cited, 222. TIPTON, Hon. French, cited, 75.
TOBACCO, largest yield in Madison County, 73; found in Salts Cave, 180; first seed to Paris, 271; smoking, 271; chief product, 283; uses of, 283; found in cave, 284, 324.
TOBACCO, Indian chief, 4.
TODD COUNTY, axes found in, 123; cache of chipped implements found in, 192. TOLTECS were Mound Builders, 7. TOOLS of the artisan, 23.
TRADE, extension of, 148.
TRADEWATER RIVER, stone graves along, 145
TRADITIONS of prehistoric men, 1. TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY, 15, 16.
TRENTON, cache of chipped implements found in, 192.
TRIGG COUNTY, walled town in, 18; graves found in, 24; fortifications in, 35; axes found in, 123; relics found in, 149; flint disc found in, 164; flint celts found in, 182; ceremonial flints found in, 191; scepter or mace found in, 192; cache of knives found in, 193; banner stones found in, 196; engraved gorgets found in, 238; spider figures found in, 243; graveyard in, 250; image found in, 268.
TROWEL found, 145. TUBES, 207. TURNER, Amos, ring fort on farm of, 74.
UNION COUNTY, burials in, 28, 29; mounds in, 42; knives found in, 192; copper bells found in, 225.
UNIONTOWN, mound near contained body of man, 44; knives found near, 192.
UPPER HOWARD'S CREEK, circles near, 74.
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Index
VAGENAS, "History of California," 207. VEGETABLES cultivated, 9.
VANITY among prehistoric people, 107. "VERY LONG AGO" PEOPLE of white complexion, 4.
VESSELS found in cave near Glasgow, 245, 246. VIARD ARROW-MAKERS, 153. VIRGINIA INDIANS, 150.
WACO ROAD, 84. WALLED TOWN in Trigg County, 18. WARREN COUNTY, ditched town in, 18; fort-building, 56; stone fortification in, 57; chipped stone implements found in, 149; spearhead found in, 150; leaf- shaped implement found in, 163; hour- glass tubes and other interesting re- mains found in, 209; boat stones found in, 219.
WASHINGTON, mound near, 47. WASHINGTON COUNTY, mortar or bowl found in, 134.
WATERLOO BATTLEFIELD, monument, 11. WAVERLY SANDSTONE, 30.
WAYNE COUNTY, arrow-points and spear- heads found in, 147. WEAPONS and manner of use, 114. WEBSTER, Noah, 6.
WEST, William, first man to see Salts Cave, 299.
WEST, prairies of the, 37.
WESTERN FARMERS' ALMANAC, history of remarkable find, 328.
WESTERN STATES visited by Rafinesque, 15. WHITE'S STATION, mound near, 83. WHITELEY, Col., 48.
WHITLEY COUNTY, 17, 18; leaf-shaped implements found in, 166.
WHO WERE PREHISTORIC MEN OF KEN- TUCKY, 1. WILDERNESS ROAD, 12.
WILSON, Dr., cited, 163.
WILSON, Dr. Thomas, 154, 166, 168.
WINCHESTER, stone graves near, 25. WIRE, copper, 224.
WOLFE COUNTY, bones, flint, and mica found in, 30; burials in, 31; flint quar- ries examined, 31. WOODEN BOWL found, 314. WOODEN BOWL ROOM, 314.
WOODEN IMAGE of man, 268, 269.
WOODFORD COUNTY, teocalli found in, 18; pyramidal mound found in, 35; specimens of saws found in, 164. WYMAN, Prof. Jeffries, 26.
YUROK INDIANS (Cal.), 166.
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