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Gc 974.401 B45cus v.1,pt.1 1626846
M. L.
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
GC
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00082 9637
Gc 974. 401 B45cus v. 1 PL. 1 History of Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/historyofberkshi11smit
HISTORY OF
BERKSHIRE COUNTY,
MASSACHUSETTS,
-WITH
Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men.
VOLUME I. 1 ₺.1
NEW YORK: J. B. BEERS & CO. 30 Vency Street
1885
-
1626846
PRESS OF J. HENRY PROBST, SS VESEY ST., NEW YORK.
INTRODUCTION.
TN presenting to the people of Berkshire county this history the pub lishers would express the hope that it will meet with the favorable reception which they believe the earnest and conscientious labors of its compilers merit. It will be seen by an examination of the work that nearly all the articles in it were prepared by well known citizens of the county, and it is believed that their names will be considered a guaranty that every reasonable effort has been made to seenre accuracy in the many details which constitute the history. The whole has been revised and corrected by Mr. J. E. A. Smith, of Pittsfield, whose reputation as a careful and competent historian is well known.
While some unimportant errors may, perhaps. be found amid the multitude of details entering into the composition of a work of this character, the publishers are confident that this result of the historians labors will be found as free from mistakes as a work of this kind can well be made, and in behalf of these historians they ask the general. indulgence of those who may be disposed to criticise it.
The publishers deem it proper to state that the biographical sketches in this work, although generally given in connection with the histories of the towns to which they belong, were not in all cases prepared by the town historians.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
CHAPTER I.
GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
1
CHAPTER II.
TOPOGRAPHY
CHAPTER III.
ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION
..
CHAPTER IV. SETTLEMENT OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
First Settlement .- Causes of its Long Delay -Boundary Diferentes. - Fulltral Status .- Notices of the Settlement .-- Early Customs.
CHAPTER V. THE FRENCH AND INDIAS WARS.
Events in War of 1741-8 .- Siege and Capture of Fort Massachusetts-Reveldin; of the Fost .........
CHAPTER VI. THE FRENCH AND LYDIAS WARS .Cole til ..
War of 1154-1702 .- State of the Plantation .- Position of the Indian .- Kadar of Warpauncor .. - Massacre at Stockbridge and Howsac .- Forts at Poontorsk. "Im Willhier L o. B. shire Soldiers.
CHAPTER VHI BERKSHIRE IN THE REVOLUTION.
The Era of Provocation and Preparation
CHAPTER VILL. BERKSHIRE IN THE REVOLUTION CRO .....
Active Hostilities and Measures Connected with their Departure of the Minute Men Capture .if Ticonderoga .- The Canadian Campaigns Te .- Other Events of 1993 .- bornstare on the Sect! Northern Campaign .... 123
CHAPTER IX. BERKSHIRE IS THE REVOLUTION COLCHONES.
The Declaration of Independence and Committee Rule Wending the Forces-Berkshire in the Bur. gosce Invasion .-- The Battle and Massacre of Stone Arabia ...
CHAPTER A. .. ..
REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS. .
CHAPTER XI.
CONSTITUTIONALISTS OF BERKSHIRE AND THE SHAYS REBELLION
CHAPTER XH.
BERK SHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1412
CHAPTER XII
BERKSHIRE IN THE WAR OF IL -.
ii
CONTENIS.
CHAPTER XIV.
BERKSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 19;1-3, (continued) ..
CHAPTER XV. BERKSHIRE IN THE WAR OF ING1 5 (concluded). 2-3
Regimental Sketches
CHAPTER XVI. CIVIL HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY .
Incorporation .- Population .- County Officers .- Members of Congress. - Members of Legislature ..... CHAPTER XVII. THE BERKSHIRE HENCH AND BAR.
The Courts .- County Seats .- Law Library. Judges .- The Bar.
CHAPTER XVIII. THE MEDICAL HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE
The Medical Profession.
CHAPTER XIX.
THE MEDICAL HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE (contained ..
The Medical College and Medical Societies.
CHAPTER XX. AGRICULTURE IN BERKSHIRE.
Early Methods .- Societies for the Promotion of Agriculture. Berkshire Agricultural Society.Hon- atonie Agricultura! Society .- Hoose Valley Agricultural Society ...
CHAPTER XXI. RAILROAD RISTORY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
Early Railroad and Canal Projects .-- Andson & Berkshire Railroad. - Pittsfield & West Stockbridge. Railroad .- Albany & West Stockbridge Railroad. - Massu muselis Regrond -West. ro Hadron Pittsfield & North Adams Railroad .-- Hoospe Rad and MeAdmitted Bad Company- Ber shire & New York Railroad Company - Berkshire Hallroad. - Bruge& Fitted S. Lee & New Haven Railroad .- Troy & Greenfield Railroad. Howe Tunnel. - Hum & Papa. keepsie Railroad.
1:1
CHAPTER XXIL. MIST ELLA. NOUS.
Berkshire Jubilee .- Berkshire Historical and Scientine Society .- Beurre County Blote Sowell- Berkshire and Columbia Missionary Society .- Berkshire Branch of The Women's Board of Me- sions .- Berkshire County Sunday School Union .- Capital Crinies In Boas Mit.
CHAPTER XXI !. TOWNS OF ADAMS AND SONTHE ADDAMS.
Topography .- Grants and Surveys .- Port Mateachusetts Sale of FIS Hersurk Township. Fest Meeting of Proprietors .- Incorporation of the Town of Admis Valy Towy Mentions. I. Revolution -Shay & Rebellion .- The Settlers and their Locations, - al Holbrook and Ist el Jones .- Parker's Tavern .-- First Stores. - Brickmaking. Dove- -- Early How -.
CHAPTER XXIN. ADAMS AND SOUTH ADAMSmith.
First Mil --- Financial Depression - Condition of Town at the box mulig of the por fers .- Colegrove's Od Mall-Pulling Mills und Cudiur Mading - Jerullah - Stages- Post Office .- Hat Ships. War of It. Fr-t Town House - Be wah nul I's of
.... the Town ..
CHAPTER XXV. ADAMS AND NORTH ADAMS TERRORD
Newspapers .- Hotels .- Pittsfield & North Adam- Haired! here and co fins pany-Troy & Greenthat Railroad .- The House Zum -Bille Cet ) ". Flood of Hope Maat Company. Incorporation of the Town of North Adsl - and Has Thep
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXVI.
ADAMS AND NORTH ADAMS (continue ]).
Manufactures. - Giles Tinker .- The Old Brick Factory .- The Eagle Factory .- Bladantott -1. " Phoenix."-Furnaces and Machine Shops .- The " Boys' Factory."-Stephen B. Brown, - Holy- tonville. - Stone Mill on River Street .- The U'nion .- James E Marshail .- The Print Works .- The Iron Business. - Freeman Manufacturing Company, -- W. W. Freeman -Jabuson Manufac- turing Company .- Sylvander Johnson .- Greylock Mills. - Arnold Print Works. Tangerles."- Boots and Shoes .- Zylorite .- Grist Mills.
CHAPTER XXVII. ADAMS AND NORTH ADAMS (Contutted)
First Church and Pastor .- The Friends Society .- Meeting House in North Adams - Baptist Church. North Adams .- Adam, Baptist Church. - Methods in Adams - Metin Im im Sorry Again .. Universalist Church, North Adams. - CongregRidad Church, Ninth Sine-Eple gia Churches .-- The Roman Catholics .- French (R. C. Congregation of North Adans -- 18 Union Church .- Schools and School Houses .- The Rebellion. Soldiers' And Society. - collar' Monument .- The G. A. R
CHAPTER XXVIII. ADAMS AND NORTH ADAMS (conclude !).
Dr. Elbu S. Hawkes. - William Wallace Freeman .- Celvm T Samson. sanford Bihcanton - 140 Johnson Family. - Edward P. Barnes, D. D.S. - Fordye" Joy .
CHAPTER ANIA TOWN OF ALFORD.
Descriptive .- Early Settlers. -- Revolution. - Town Clerks, -. CL, inges in Boundary .- Miles. - Mills and Manufactories .- Post Office .- Marble Quarries .- Hotels. Comteries .- Congregational (harch. Methodist Episcopal Church .- Union Meeting House -Justices -Physine Town Ia - Civil War ..
CHAPTER XXX. TOWN OF BL. KET.
Descriptive .-- settlement .- Incorporation .- First Town Meeting. - Productions -Paids and Her - voirs .- Scraps of Early History .- Roads, Tavern. . Stores, gul Bet Churches .- Cemeteries .- Schools-Clerks and Magistrat. s. - Pocket in the Soilogal Way ......
CHAPTER XXXI. TOWN OF CHESHIRI.
Land Sales and Settlement. - Capt. Joab Stafford. - Firsttimea New President of Eder Werden Colonel Low .- The Barkers .- The Wolcott, - The Martin -Jachna Mom. The Revolution- Incorporation and First Meetings. - War of NA-Bauta Cinha Live. a . M. E. Church .- Post Office .- Capt Edmond Kosten. The Whipple Family. Trovi Bull Physicians .- Industries .- The Cheshire Cheese ... ..
CHAPTER XXXIL. TOWN OF CLARKSBURG
Descriptive .- Statistics. -. Briggsville .-- Refizlous -Industund
CHAPTER XXXEL. TOWN OF DAILY
Grant of the Askmelot Equivalent - Settlement. Dr. Match The Chant The Hills She Hade Lution. - 19. Withiums Faits - Incorporation and Full mas h Mat Ton . de -- Decisiontical History First Meeting House -1 . Herlige Haut . . Con ellos Church Methodist Church -St. Agnes . Than Han Bury Wafer While af Fac
. . .. Tristrict ....
CHAPTER XXXIV. TOWN OF PALEONTO CON.
The Paper Manufacture - Zenas Crane, the Hopper Mageteurer. The Spiel Mit ad Del
The Weston Attend Wells - Woder Mandache th Rin-Other Mat ton. ..
..... Tower ..
CHAPTER ATYL
Paris - tier- another !! !...
. trades .- Prommment Citizens. :.
iv
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXVI. TOWN OF FLORIDA.
Geographical and Descriptive -- Incorporation an I First Town Mering - Early Events and Custoud
-Post Offices and Postmasters .- Churches - Industriey Selands .- Town Hun -Grange - Florida in the Nation's Wars -- Streams and Mountains .-- Hoosao Tunnel-Stock Raffin .........
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PORTRAITS.
Binckin.ton, Sanford.
Crane, Zenas.
Freeman, W. W
Hawkes, Dr. E. S.
Lowrey. Grosvenor P
Reasoner, Andrew
Sampson. Calvin T vi-
Tower, D. H ..
Weston, Hon. Byron
VIEWS.
Court House, Pittsfield.
Crane. J. B., Residence.
Crane, Z. jr. & Bro., Paper Mill.
Fort Anson. Pian of . :1
Freeman Manufacturing Co ..
Hunter. James & Son. Iron Foundry
Sampson Manufacturing Co.,
Weston. Hon. Byron, Residence and Paper Mill
Wilson House. F. E. Swift, Prop ..
Union Railway Station, Pittsfield 4-4
Zylonite Works
MAPS AND PLANS.
A Plan of the Township of East Hoosick. :" 1
A Plan of 24.40 Acres of Land on Ashsbuwithiwook River (179)
A Pian of the Town of Adams (1795).
A Plan of Links between Lanesboro and Fast Hoosie .1768.
Outline Plan of Berkshire County. 1
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HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
T HE TIME has long since gone by when a belief in the sad len cret- tion of the earth in its present form was generally prevalent Offer it was considered not only heterodox but almost blasphemous fora main to avow his convictions that he saw on the surface of the earth holiestiod- of changes that occurred at a period previous to about 6,000 years sine. That continents, or even islands, should rise from the sea, become sith. merged, and emerge again in the lapse of immeruse time was not dremel possible. Within the limits of historic time no record was given of none than slight changes, and men had not learned to read the record which is written in the strata beneath the surface, and which science has made legible on the edges of these strata where they are visible. That period of ignorance has passed, and people have come to recognize the fact that as far as the records of the past can be deciphered, the earth has hem steadily changing in the midst of its changing environments, and that as far as science is able to peer into the future, changes will continue to succeed each other.
Many changes have taken place in the strata at and near the shirtace in Berkshire county and its vicinity, but mention can be made of only a few of these that have occurred in geologic periods that must be popros? recent, though they may have included millions of reds.
It is believed by geologists that deating one of dire jetiple the car face here was several hundred feet lower than at present. Then !
2
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
southeastern shore of the United States was farther inland, and the Gulf Stream swept from the south parallel with and nearer to the base of the primary Atlantic chain of mountains than at present. Then. too, the basins of the St. Lawrence and Hudson, as well as the Connectiont valleys were occupied by inland seas, through which came Arctic currents that met from the equatorial regions, and that in the resultant current that was deflected eastward was deposited the sediment that constitutes the foundation of Long Island. Then the Housatonic Valley was occupied by a shallower arm of the sea. between which and the deeper seas on each side were the sharp peaks of the Taconic and Housatonic ruins of mountains.
A gradual upheaval took place and these inland seas because the estuaries of rivers: then. as the upward movement continued they as sumed the character of rivers through their entire extent. The upheaval went on till the surface here was much higher than at present, and the basin now occupied by Long Island Sound was a valley through which ran the Housatonic to mingle its waters with those of the Hudson at the. southern extremity of Manhattan Island. The waters of the Hudson. after receiving those of the Housatonic. coursed what was then a littoril plain, and discharged into the ocean eighty miles from the present month of the river. The former bed of the Housatonic through the Sound and of the Hudson across this littoral plain are plainly traceable by sounding- It was during this great upheaval that the glacial period occurred. The ice sheet moved from northwest to southeast, crossing transversely the chains of mountains and hills, and grinding off their peaks and creste so that what were pointed spires became rounded knobs, and sharp. ragged crests were converted into smooth summits. In its slow journey from the distant regions in the northwest it brought with it boulders and other drift materials which it tore from their beds, and after retaining them in it's cold embrace during thousands of years deposited them where, in its slow southeasterly course, the greater warmth compelled it to relinquish its hold. Although this region was during an indefinite period covered by the ice sheet, it was comparatively near its southern edge or terminal moraine, which is found to pass lengthwise across the middle of Long Island.
On the exposed surfaces of the rocks in Berkshire county, as else: where in this latitude, are to be found evidences of the glacial action that is now believed to have occurred in a geologie period long since gone by. Prominent among these evidences are the smooth or partially polished surfaces of the bed rock, wherever it is exposed, and the parallel grooves or strie on these surfaces. These strie are found to have a northwest and southeast course, those in one locality sometimes varying in direction a few degrees from those of another. This variation in course is believed to be due to local causes, which during the latter part of the glacial period influenced the com- of portions of the glacier.
Other evidences of this action are seen in the boldkler, that are dis
3
GENERAL HISTORY.
tributed over the surface. evenly in some places. and in large collections. known as terminal or lateral moraines, in others. These boulders vary in character. The bed rock from which some were torn is only found at great distances northwest from the place where they were left by the glacier, and they are surrounded by others, the characters of which give evidence of their origin in regions less remote, but still considerably dis- tant from where they are now.
There are also to be seen in this county what are known from their locality as the Richmond Boulder trains. These consist of pains of boulders that can be traced to the places of their origin within of just without the limits of this county. They extend from the places where the rock from which they are composed exists or formerly existed. in the same direction with the stria that mark the bed rock, where that is es posed, in their course. The longest of these trains extends about nine miles from the place of its origin, and its greatest width is five hundred feet. The others (six in munber) are shorter and less regular, having. in some cases, considerable gaps, though their courses are easily traceable. The boulders in these trains vary in number and in size at different points. In some places they are so thickly strewn as almost to cover the surface As a general rule they diminish in mumber as the distance from thuir sources increases. In size they vary from 125 feet in circumference and 30 feet in height down to small fragments. In size, as in number. they diminish from northwest to southeast. The course of these trains is cel- tainly not dependent on the direction of the ranges of hills and valleys. for it lies transversely across ranges five of six hundred feet in height above the intervening valleys; and often the boulders are found on the crests of ridges that are from 400 to 800 feet higher than the peaks from which they were torn. The general course of the trains, and of the strid on the bed rock, is south 45 east. The boulders of the trains are essen tially different in appearance from those found in the underlying drift. The former are angular and do not show signs of abrasion, while the latter are rounded and often striated and otherwise abraided.
Four of the seven trains are composed of boulders of chloritic schist. while those of the other three are of chloritic sandstone, gray lingstoffe. and buff limestone: but each is traceable to its source on a mountain powik or knob where the parent rock of the same kind existed, and west of which no such boulders are found.
Boulders do not generally occur in trains, and the inquiry as to w lurt were the circumstances under which these were born from their body and distributed where they are found is a natural one.
Various theories have been advanced by different geologists to account for the disruption of these boulders from their beds and their transporta tion to the places where they are found.
That of Sir Charles Lyell was that they were carried by icebergs, but there appear insuperable objections to that theory.
The generally received explanation of this phenomenon now is that
4
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
they were torn from the peaks that furnished the peculiar rock which constitutes the scattered fragments by the post pliocene glacier, which rent them, one by one, or few by few, from their beds and carried them along as it pursued its slow southeasterly course, depositing them as. during the short summers of the approaching warmer period, the south- eastern edge of the ice sheet melted so as to liberate them. They were probably torn from the peaks where they existed in place, and as the glacier slowly moved they became imbedded in the ice instead of being dragged along under it. hence the absence of abrasions. In all cases the sharper the peak or knob to which they can be traced the narrower is the train; and in some cases where they were first taken from sharp peaks that are rounded and widened as the process went on. the mains are found to be narrow near their farther or southeastern extremities, and to grow wider as their sources are approached. Benton" says that the gaps found in some of the trains were caused by the temporary failure of the ice to get hold of any of the rock material: the tough schist resisted shoes fully for a time the efforts of the ice to tear it from its bed: then a mass was obliged to yield to the prolonged strain, and, becoming loosened. the resulting fragments were borne away. The rock left behind being still firmly fixed in its place would in its turn resist for a time. thus causing another gap in the train. till in time another mass would be obliged to yield to the rending action of the ice, and so the process would go on.
Doubtless the boulders were to some extent broken into smaller frag- ments during their transportation. It is not uncommon to find two lying side by side that were evidently once united in the same boulder; water having entered a fissure, then. by its expansion as it became ice. having torn the parts asunder and still farther separated them by repetition of the process.
It appears highly probable that those boulders were deposited at that close of the last glacial period here, as they do not appear to have been disturbed by any subsequent glacial sheet moving over them.
Want of space prevents a minute and detailed description of the strata which constitute the earth's ernst here. These strata have, in the upheavals and subsidences which occurred in past geologie ages, bern raised into mountain ridges with intervening valleys, giving to the sur- face that variety which renders the scenery here so grint and attractive. A history of the formation of these strata and of the changes by which they have been brought to their present condition would be interesting. but it cannot be undertaken here.
Besides being displaced by upheavals, subsidences, and corrugations of the earth's crust, the rocks composing these : trata werecrystallized or changed by heat into metamorphic rocks. The original sandstones were changed to quartz, mica, siate, etc .. and the limestone to marle. In the process of change they have mostly lost their fossils.
The mountains are composed of mica sinte. It is offen statified and
*Richmond Boulder Trains.
5
GENERAL HISTORY.
schistose in structure. Most of. the mountains in the county are of this rock. There are many other kinds of rocks associated with the mica slate, some of them in large quantities. Talcose schist is found in the northeastern part of the county, but more abundantly along the Taconir range. Argillaceous schist is sometimes associated with mica dlate. Gneiss is found along the eastern part of the county, sometimes forming large beds. Quartz exists in large quantities, and in many places it is the principal rock. Granite is found in boulders, of in large masses, and in veins along the eastern border of the county Au extensive stratum of granular limestone or marble passes through the county from Convers ticut to Vermont, and smaller strata extend east from the main bed.
Some of these deposits have been for a long time, and they still an. sources of great wealth. The extensive marble strata along the House tonic valley have been long worked and have furnished the materials for some of the grandest structures and monuments in the country. Not only have the marble quarries been worked for the building material and slabs and blocks for monuments which they have furnished, but the less valuable fragments have been extensively utilized for the manufacture of the best quality of lime. The quantity of this export seems almost in exhanstible.
Iron is found in different parts of the county in the tertiary deposits . It is the opinion of Professor Dana that this iron was dissolved out of limestone formations, and deposited in the beds where it is formul. The smelting of the ore was commenced here long since, and it has been con tinaed to the present time. The ores found here vary in richness, but generally yield about to per cent. of the metal. Many mines have been opened and worked in different parts of the county, and the quantity of ore found here may be a productive source of wealth for many years come.
.
Stratite of various degrees of purity has been quantied to sommes tent in different parts of the county.
Quartz rock abounds in New England, and in this county it is found in such purity as to be available for the manufacture of excellent quali ties of glass. The beds of sand, which is composed of this rock disin's grated, that furnish the material for the glass which is manufactured here, are found in several localities, and glass works have long existed here.
There are deposits of clay in many parts of the county. From this large quantities of bricks, some of them of a superior quality, are mange factured. . Clay of a superior quality is mined in large quantities for the manufacture of fine pottery, and for other purposes to which it is adapeel
In addition to these deposits which have been thus protithis utilized, the following mineral species exist in Berkshire county. They Die found in veins and pockets, or imbedded in the rock. The list was furnished by Mr. Daniel Clark. of Tyringham, and a large proportion of the minerals named were found by him in that town.
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
Dogtooth spar. Oxide of titanium or rutile. Alun in alumniferons rock. Sulphuret of lead or galena. Black oxide of manganese. Emery. Galena in dolomite. Gold (auriferous) has been found in the mountains near the line of New York.
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