History of Newburyport, Mass., 1764-1905, Volume I, Part 1

Author: Currier, John J. (John James), 1834-1912. cn
Publication date: 1906
Publisher: Newburyport, Mass., The author
Number of Pages: 790


USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Newburyport > History of Newburyport, Mass., 1764-1905, Volume I > Part 1


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GENEALOGY COLLECTION


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https://archive.org/details/historyofnewbury1176curr


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Frith the Compliments


March, 1906.


Sincerely yours


HISTORY


OF


NEWBURYPORT, MASS.


1764 -1905


By JOHN J. CURRIER


Author of "Ould Newbury": Historical and Biographical Sketches, and History of Newbury, Mass.


Volume I


With Maps and Illustrations


NEWBURYPORT, MASS. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 1906


1


1


Copyright, 1906 JOHN J. CURRIER, Newburyport, Mass.


AND


NEWCOMMA OAUSS


PRINTERS


1136726


TO MY WIFE usan (Page) Currier I DEDICATE THIS HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT


PREFACE.


WHEN Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, it covered an area of only six hundred and forty-seven acres, and in ter- ritorial extent was the smallest town in the province of Massa- chusetts Bay. It was bounded on the southeast, southwest and northwest by the town of Newbury, and on the northeast by the Merrimack river, and had a population of about twen- ty-eight hundred men, women and children.


During the Revolutionary war the merchants of Newbury- port imported clothing and military stores for the use of the Continental army and fitted out privateers, in large numbers, " to cruise against the enemies of the United States." Many interesting facts relating to the service they rendered on land and sea have been gathered from letters and papers on file at the state house in Boston and are now published for the first time. What they said and did to uphold the cause of liberty, in the long struggle with the king and parliament of England, is told in their own language, as far as possible, without em- bellishment or words of comment. Public documents, town records and old newspapers have been carefully examined and freely quoted in order to give with scrupulous exactness the views and opinions they publicly expressed.


Many events and incidents connected with the history of


, Newburyport since the beginning of the nineteenth century are imperfectly described in the following pages for lack of space, and, for the same reason, biographical sketches of the men and women prominent in the commercial or social life of the town are omitted.


Quotations from the Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette previous to 1832 are taken from the editions published weekly and semi-weekly ; after that date the daily edition has been used to some extent and it is, therefore, necessary in


5


6


PREFACE


some cases to examine that edition also in order to find a sentence or paragraph quoted.


A few of the maps and half-tone prints used to illustrate this volume are reproduced from books and engravings pub- lished nearly a century ago, but most of them are from plates engraved by the Suffolk Engraving Company, of Boston, from photographs taken by Selwyn C. Reed, William C. Thompson, Edward E. Bartlett, George E. Noyes and Caleb D. Howard, of Newburyport.


For many items of interest relating to the early history of the town, and for assistance in preparing the following pages for publication, I am indebted to Sidney Perley, Esq., of Salem ; to Mr. George F. Dow, secretary of the Essex Institute; to Mr. Edmund M. Barton, librarian of the American Antiqua- rian Society, Worcester ; to Brigadier-General Adolphus W. Greeley, chief signal officer of the United States army ; to Mr. James W. Cheney, librarian of the War Department, Washington, D. C .; and to Mr. C. W. Ernst of Boston.


I am also under obligations to John D. Parsons, librarian ; to Arthur L. Huse, deputy collector ; to Edward F. Bartlett, clerk of the police court ; to George H. Stevens, city clerk ; to William H. Bayley, clerk of the overseers of the poor; to Capt. James O. Knapp, Oliver B. Merrill and Lawrence B. Cushing, all of Newburyport, for much useful and valuable information, and especially for the opportunity to carefully examine the newspapers and pamphlets in the public library and the records and public documents at City hall.


JOHN J. CURRIER.


NEWBURYPORT, December 20, 1905.


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


CHAPTER


PAGE


I. 1764 to 1774


13


II. 1774 to 1794


55


III. 1794 to 1824 104


IV. 1824 to 1854


160


VI. CHURCHES AND PASTORS


252


VIII. PUBLIC STREETS AND LANDING PLACES 333


IX. FERRY, BRIDGES, TURNPIKES AND POSTAL SERVICE 366


X. TAVERNS, STAGE COACHES, RAILROADS AND STREET CAR SERVICE 386


XI. DISTINGUISHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SERVICES, CELEBRATIONS AND POLITICAL GATHERINGS 408


XII. SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS . 449


XIII. BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS . 471


XIV. LIBRARIES . . 518


XV. REVOLUTIONARY WAR · 529


XVI. PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR . 612


XVII. THE EMBARGO AND WAR OF 1812 . . 648


XVIII. THE MEXICAN, CIVIL AND SPANISH WARS


667


APPENDIX.


I. COLLECTORS AND DEPUTY COLLECTORS . 675


II. REPRESENTATIVES TO THE GENERAL COURT 678 ·


III. TOWN CLERKS, CITY CLERKS, AND ASSISTANT CITY CLERKS . 686


IV. TOWN TREASURERS AND CITY TREASURERS · 687


V. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS


. 688


INDEX


. 693


7


309


VII. SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS


2II


V. 1854 to 1904


MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.


JOHN J. CURRIER, Frontispiece.


Map of the town of Newburyport, 1795


Page 22


Bill head of John Tracy, cordage manufacturer


28


Swinging sign, " Wolfe Tavern" 29


John Lowell, Esq. 59


Title-page : Convention held at Ipswich in 1778, " Essex Result " 63


Lighthouse, 1860


67


Lighthouse, 1905


68


A northeast view of the town and harbour of Newburyport 80


Theophilus Parsons IO0


Powder house erected in 1822 106


Plan of land and buildings in the vicinity of Frog pond, 1771 I2I


Bartlet mall


I26


Jail and jail-keeper's house


129


Plan of Market landing, 1775


I31


Town and Court house, 1805


I32


Figure of Justice


I33


Meeting house in Market square


138


Almshouse erected in 1794


144


Map of Newburyport harbor, 1809


15I


John Quincy Adams


155


Clock made by Daniel Balch


165


Clock made by David Wood


165


Clock made by Samuel Mulliken


I68


Clock made by Thomas H. Balch


I68


Factory of Towle Manufacturing Co., 1905


172


Bayley's wharf


176


Old sail-loft


177


Horse and chaise


178


Comb factory of W. H. Noyes & Bro. company


180


Map of Newburyport, 1830


185


Market house, 1850


188


Market house and dock


189


Map of Newburyport harbor, 1826


195


City hall, 1851


203


Map of Newbury, Newburyport and West Newbury, 1850


205


Map of Newburyport, 1905


208


Frog pond


212


St. Paul's church yard .


216


Statue on Atkinson common


. 220


Elisha P. Dodge


.


223


9


IO


MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS


Bartlett Spring pumping station


Page 233


Anna Jaques


242


William C. Todd .


243


Anna Jaques hospital .


244


Almshouse erected in 1888


246


Young Men's Christian Association building


248


At work on the jetties


249


Constructing the jetties


251


Meeting house of the First Religious society


254


Steeple of the meeting house


256


Erasurers in Prayer Book, St. Paul's church


258


Call for the Episcopal convention held in Boston in January, 1791


260


St. Paul's church, 1801


262


Tablet to Bishop Bass .


263


First Presbyterian meeting house, 1829


268


First Presbyterian meeting house, 1905 . Order written and signed by Rev. Samuel Spring


274


Ruins of the North Congregational meeting house, March, 1861


276


North Congregational meeting house, 1905


277


Paul Revere's bill; Church bell, 1795


279


Prospect Street meeting house


283


Harris Street meeting house


285 293 295


Washington Street meeting house


297


Church of the Immaculate Conception


300


Interior of the Church of the Immaculate Conception


302


Fourth Parish meeting house in Newbury


306


Meeting house of the Belleville Congregational society


307


Church of St. Aloysius de Gonzaga


308


Schoolhouse at southeasterly end of Bartlet mall


. 317


Schoolhouse at northwesterly end of Bartlet mall


320


David Perkins Page


321


Female High School house


323


Brown High School house


325


Map of Newburyport, 1843


332


Map of Newburyport from Marlborough to Jefferson streets, 1900


334


Green street


. 340


Plan of Merrill street, 1774


343


Water street from Federal to State street, 1791


353


Newburyport and Salisbury ferry


367


Bridge from Deer island to Salisbury


369


Essex-Merrimack bridge


371


Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1827


. 373


Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1840


.


374


Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1875


375


Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1903, (two views)


376


Wolfe tavern, 1764


389


Advertisement, Newburyport Sun hotel


. 391


.


.


.


.


.


.


.


269


Green Street Baptist meeting house


Purchase Street meeting house


MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS


Eastern Railroad depot, 1840


Page 400


Eastern Railroad depot, 1854


40I


Eastern Railroad depot, 1892


. 402


City Railroad from Lower Long wharf


. 404


Daniel Foster


417


Boston Massacre, from a plate engraved by Jonathan Mulliken


428


Ship Dreadnaught


455


Launching of the ship


. 458


Building of the ship John Currier


. 462


Ship John Currier in Honolulu harbor


. 465


Title-page of Catechism printed in 1694


472


Psalm tunes from the Singing Book compiled by Rev. John Tufts 475


477


Frontispiece to the Newburyport collection of Sacred Music


481


Title-page of the New England Primer


490


Second page of the New England Primer


· 491


Title-page of Catechism printed in 1797


493


The Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, 1773


502


The Essex Journal and the Massachusetts and New Hampshire General Advertiser, 1784 504


The Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, 1786 Impartial Herald, 1793


. 506


The Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, 1797 Merrimack Gazette and Essex Advertizer


5 10


The Free Press


513


People's Advocate, and Commercial Gazette


514


Public Library building .


· 525


Fac simile of letter signed by Benjamin Greenleaf


542


Tristram Dalton


568


Jonathan Jackson


574


Autograph of Col. Edward Wigglesworth


583


Fac simile of part of the petition to the General Court signed by John Tracy, Nathaniel Tracy and others


. 591


Capt. Offin Boardman


615


Nathaniel Tracy


623


Souvenir spoon: " Yankee Hero "


. 624


Certificate of release of Capt. William Nichols


652


Endorsement on back of certificate


653


Privateer Brig Harpy


· 662


Capt. William Nichols


.


663


·


Psalm tunes from the Singing Book compiled by Daniel Bayley


. 508


5II


HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT


CHAPTER I.


1764-1774.


FOR fifty years after the incorporation of Newbury, in 1635, the inhabitants of that town were busily engaged in tilling the soil and in stock raising. After the division of " the upper woods," in 1686, the territory between Parker river, on the south, Merrimack river on the north, Plum Island river on the east, and the town of Bradford on the west, was owned and occupied, almost entirely, by farmers.


The development of ship building and foreign commerce led to the introduction of other industries, and subsequently attracted many merchants, mechanics and seafaring men to that part of the town called " the water side " between what was then Cottle's lane, now Bromfield street, Newburyport, and the boundary line between the Third and Fifth parishes in Newbury, now Oakland street, Newburyport.


A contest over the location and erection of a new town and court-house, for the use of the County of Essex and the inhabitants of Newbury, culminated in the purchase of land and the erection of a building on Fish, now State street, Newburyport, by some of the inhabitants of the third parish in Newbury,' in 1762, and in the presentation of the follow- ing petition to the General Court, twelve months later.


To his Excellency Francis Bernard Esq. Governor & Commander in Chief in and over said Province To the Honorable his Majesties Council & house of Representatives in General Court assembled :


..


The Memorial of the Subscribers hereto, Inhabitants in & about that part of the town of Newbury' called the Water side, Humbly Sheweth :


That ye said Town of Newbury is Large & Extensive, That that part of it where the memorialists Dwell is Become thick Settled & Very Populous. That the inhabitants are chiefly Merchants, Traders, Mari-


1 History of Newbury (Currier), p. 243.


I3


I4


HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT


ners & Artificers, those of the other parts of the town mostly husbandmen. That thro' an unaccountable & Strange opinion of things, there subsists on that account among some and many of the Inhabitants, a certain Jealousy as to their public affairs & a high spirit of opposition which is a continual source of uneasiness & disquietude. And as the Inhabitants in the outer parts & parishes are more numerous than at the Water side they carry the vote in the affairs of the town & conduct the business of it in a way very different from the sentiments of your memorialists about those things concerning which the Memoralists & others Inhabitants of the Water side, have great occasion of complaint on account of the several things hereafter mentioned of which they have not the least prospect of Redress but from your Excellency & Honours & that by a Division of the town into separate Communities & that part of it by your Excellency & Honors be sett & Erected into a District-and your Memorialists beg leave to observe to your Excellency & Honours some of the difficulties & grievances they labour under in the present state of the town, and they mention in the first place the want of public schools at the Water side for the instruction of children and youth, as before observed that part of the town is become populous. Three places of publick worship for ye people being there & a sufficient num- ber of Inhabitants for three considerable assemblies & consequently a great number of children & youth to be taught & Instructed. Yet there is not one fixed stated school (but movable ones only) nor a Public School house in that part of the town and no judicious person acquainted with the place but what will judge two fixed and stated schools (at least a Gramar School & Reading & writing schools) absolutely necessary for the instruction of the children & youth there. And it is a great grief to yr Memorialists & every well disposed person, to see great numbers of children among them whose parents are not able to be at ye expense of private schooling (as in populous places there are many such) brought up in ignorance idleness & instead of being hereafter useful members of the Commonwealth, bid fair to be the reverse ; also fire engines so nec- essary for the preservation of populous places, the town do not provide (and there is not the least reason to think in their present state they ever will) & some of ye Memorialists for their own & the safety of the place have been obliged to lay out and expend large sums of money for those necessary machines which they conceive ought to be provided at ye public expense as they are in such places of publick & general use. On the other hand most of the charge and expense in repairing the roads and highways in the town is expended in the out parts & upon roads chiefly used by the inhabitants there & for their particular good. The memoralists cannot be excused from their part of the charge under that head but annually are taxed & pay very large sums of money for that purpose & it is supposed sufficient for the suport of the schools before


I5


PETITION FOR NEW TOWN


mentioned as the memoralists & ye other inhabitants at the Water side pay the greater part of the publick charge & if the remote parts of the town think themselves too distant to have any advantage of the schools & fire engines before mentioned & so think it unreasonable to be at any expense therefor. The memorialists who are now actually suffering on that account can't but humbly hope, Your Excellency & Honours will put them in such circumstances as they may be enabled as a community to provide them. And as to the publick affairs in other particulars. The Memorialists humbly think there is great reason of complaint : Namely, there is no town treasurer, nor can they prevail to have such an officer chosen distinct from the selectmen notwithstanding the express directions of the Province laws in that case & ye apparent necessity of such an officer for the regular managing of & accounting for the publick


monies & especially in a society where very large sums are annually raised & appropriated to publick use as in the case here, for some years above a thousand pounds lawful money for the use of the town, besides fines & forfeitures & monies coming to the use of the town in other ways, but such an officer by some & even by the majority is said to be useless & of no necessity or convenience & only a charge to the town, & the selectmen can do better in that station : And the memorialists can't but conceive that a Treasurer here is absolutely necessary as it has been ye practice of the selectmen, illegally & arbitrarily to assess more than by law they ought, even one year, viz : 1761, £ 465 lawful money more than by law they ought to have done. But the memorialists & others agrieved thereat would have willingly passed by such a deviation from right, if an open & fair account could have been adjusted & reported of the disposal of the publick monies by the committee for that purpose appointed.


They are more fully confirmed in the necessity of a town treasurer & more so, as before the last annual meeting for the choice of town officers it was given out by those who used to oppose it that one should be chosen & that the grievances complained of by the memorialists should be rectified but not withstanding no Treasurer was chosen & instead of doing anything to remove the cause of the Memorialists complaint went into such measurers as apparently tended to increase them.


Your Memorialists are sensible that illegal taxes are not binding & that actions at law may in that case be brought, but they rather choose to put up with the grievance than take that method on a reasonable pros- pect of having the cause of the complaints removed which they humbly hope your Excellency & Honours will do, and your Memorialists humbly think they have a right to a fair & proper disposal of the publick monies as they pay a very large share of the publick taxes, some of them annual- ly and as they with the other inhabitants in that part of the town pay the greater part of the publick charges of the town, which they conceive


I6


HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT


ought not & would not be the case in such degree if a due proportion of the selectmen & assessors were chosen from that part of the town who must be better knowing to the trade, commerce & particular circum_ ances of individuals, than the more remote, yet but one selectmen from that part of ye town has been chosen for many years past, or can be obtained, altho' for the present year seven were chosen for the town.


The Memorialists pray your Excellency & Honors indulgence for thus tresspassing on your patience & beg leave only to mention as an instance of ye prevailing & growing spirit of jealousy & opposition before men- tioned : the present state of the town relative to ye new Court house lately built at ye Water side by the County & the people there, which altho' most conveniently situated as well for the use of ye town & county, as has once & again been voted by the Court of sessions with respect to the County large & capacious enough for the whole town, whereas the old house is not so well situated for publick convenience, yet the town as yet have not & we suppose will not meet in it, which the Memorialists can , not but think proceeds from a party spirit which is so diffused & become so general in some parts of the town, that it is a sufficient objection with them to any measure proposed,or thing done, tho' ever so just & reasonable in its nature, that ye Water side proposed or did it. Wherefore, upon the whole, your Memorialists humbly pray, your Excellency & Honors would take the premises into consideration & as the Memorialists can't in the least see any reasonable prospect for the removal of ye complaints & grievances before mentioned, in the present situation of the town, they, therefore, pray the same may be divided & separated by such bounds & limits as to this Great & General Court shall seem fitt & that a committee may be appointed to determine the same, or that your Excel- lency & Honors would otherwise relieve your Memorialists as in your great wisdom you shall think fit & they as in duty bound will ever pray.


William Jenkins


Thoms Follinsbe


Henry Titcomb


Enoch Titcomb


John Kent


Benaiah Young


Offin Boardman


Benjamin Davis


Jona Bradbury


John Boardman


Lawrence Furlong


John Stickney


Andrew Joseph Collins


Amos Pearson


Richard Kent


Joseph Warner


Parker Noyes


Richard Kent, Jun.


Nelson Ratcliffe


Nathan Hoyt


Joseph Remick


Richard Lowell


Jona Whitmore


James Carr


Benjamin Crocker


Matthew Pettengell


Nathaniel


Joseph Atkins


Joseph Edwards


George Burrough


Mich : Dalton


Wymond Bradbury


Ralph Cross Jun


Phil : White


Samuel Coker


Abner Greenleaf


Dan1 Farnham


Samuel Navell


Nathll Montgomery


Wm Atkins


Joseph Hoyt


Stephen Wyatt


Thoms Woodbridge


Joseph Moulton


I 7


PETITION FOR NEW TOWN


Jeremiah Dalton Francis Rust


Patrick Tracy


Caleb Toppan


John Sprague


Moses Todd


Cutting Bartlet


Danl Marquand


Samuel Swasey


Obadiah Horton


Ralph Cross


Samuel Shackford


[illegible]


Enoch Titcomb Jun Charles Hodge John Newman


John Harris


Enoch Toppen


Jacob Boardman


Richard Toppan


Ebenezr Lowell


John Toppan


William Hazen


Samuel Bayley


Tristram Dalton


Cutting Moody


William Davenport Samll Tufts


John Stickney Jun


Abell Merrill


Hezekiah Collins


Jonathan Dole Robert Jenkins


James Chase


John Dummer


Samuel Kenney


Wm McHard


Benja Davis


Francis Holiday


Isaac Johnson Jun


Jona Pearson


Benja Dole


John Harbert


Robert Roberts


Jona Dole Jun


Benjamin Pidgeon Sommerby Moody Jos : Greenough


John Rogers


Joseph Sampson


James Jewet


John Donnell


Enoch Moss


Thomas Todd


Nathll Hunt


Benja Pike


Mark Fitts Thomas Beck


Samuel Emerson David Cutler


John Stickney Daniel Somerby


Henry Chipman


John Tarbox


Thomas Bartlet


Moses Nowell


Stephen Sewall


Thomas Merrill Jun


Joshua Greenleaf


Samll Newhall


James Horton


Stephen Cross Joseph Stickney George Goodhue Joseph Goodhue


Joseph Swasey


William Weed


Joshua Norton


Michael Toppan


Clement Kent


Willm Stickney


Parker Titcomb


Hezekiah Coleby


Edmund Bartlet


Bulkley Emerson


John Stone


Abraham Gallashon Benjamin Choate William Moulton Wm Moreland


Samuel Toppan


Edmund Greenleaf


Mayo Greenleaf Samuel Titcomb


Hezekiah Coleby Francis Haskill Ezra Howard


Moses George Moses Dole


Daniel Balch


Robert Rogers


Diamond Currier


Jeremh Pearson Jun


John Sewall


John Titcomb Edward Newell


Daniel Bayley Nehemiah Haskill


Caleb Haskill


Joseph Somerby Joseph Hoyt Jun Moses Hoyt Jun Edmund Morse Samuel Cresey


Francis Greenleaf Joseph Pearson


[illegible] Anthony Gwynn


Joseph Noyes Jun


B. Greenleaf Jun Benja Harris Joseph Titcomb Dudley Atkins Benja Frothingham Ichabod Woodman Makepiece Horton


Adam Cogswell


Joseph Woodbridge


Jona Titcomb


Wm Starkey


Stephen Moody


Jacob Giddins


18


HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT


John Wood


Makepiece Coleby John Lewis


John Woodman


Joshua Coleby


Francis Cresey


Thoms Wood


Josiah Titcomb


Thomas Pindar


Daniel Coffin


Enoch Plumer


John Butler


Jona March


David Whitmore


John Horton


William Knap Enoch` Pilsbury


Roland Stockman


Daniel Poor


Daniel Collins


Enoch Stickney


Jeremh Pearson


Edmund Morss Jun


Daniel Horton


James Lenox


Theophilus Bradbury


Samuel Horton


Wm Stockman


John Plumer


Henry Sleeper


Paul Noyes


The dividing line prayed for is humbly proposed to begin at Merri- mack river at ye westwardly bounds there of the Third Parish in New- bury and so to run back (as the dividing line of the third & fifth parish- es doth) to a brook in the Great Pasture there & so as the said brook runs toward Pearsons Mills to the Stone bridge & from thence to the river Parker & thence southwardly to the Rowley line


WM ATKINS


DANIEL FARNHAM


In behalf of themselves


MICH : DALTON


& the other


THOMAS WOODBRIDGE


memorialists I


PATRICK TRACY


In answer to this petition the General Court passed the following order, June 10, 1763 :-


A Petition of A number of the Inhabitants in and about that part of the Town of Newbury called the Water side-Setting forth the exten- siveness of the said Town which renders it very proper that it should be divided, and as the Inhabitants of one Part of said Town are mostly Farmers and of the other principally Merchants, Tradesmen, and Sea- Faring Persons : and as the Interests of said Parties are so different, and in some respects opposite, Praying that they may be divided and Sep- arated by such Bounds & Limits as this Court shall think proper, and that they would appoint a committee to determine the same.


In Council Read and Ordered that the Petitioners notify the Town of Newbury by Serving the Town Clerk with a Copy of this Petition that they show cause (if any they have) on the second Tuesday of the next Sitting of this Court why the Prayer thereof should not be granted.


In the House of Representatives Read and Concurred.2


Town of Newbury Records, pp. 155-159.


2 Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. XXV., p. 48; Province Laws, vol. IV., p. 698.


19


PETITION FOR NEW TOWN


Another petition was presented to the General Court the same day, by some of the inhabitants of Newbury residing at the west end of the town, humbly praying that the terri- tory between the Artichoke river and the Bradford line might be set off and made a separate district.




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