USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Newburyport > History of Newburyport, Mass., 1764-1905, Volume I > Part 34
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Thursday morning, August 14, 1884, the Newburyport Commandery of Knights Templar escorted Lieutenant Greeley from the residence of his mother on Prospect street to City hall, where a procession, consisting of the Eighth regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer militia, Grand Army posts of New- buryport, Haverhill, Amesbury and neighboring towns, New- buryport fire department and other organizations, with mem- bers of the city government and invited guests in carriages, was formed under the direction of Col. Charles L. Ayers, chief marshal, and moved through the principal streets of the city between Broad and Bromfield streets, returning to Brown square, where a grand-stand had been erected, and Hon. William A. Johnson, mayor, delivered an address of welcome, to which Lieutenant Greeley briefly responded. His Excellency, George D. Robinson, governor of Massachusetts, then spoke earnestly and eloquently of the courage and heroism displayed by Lieu- tenant Greeley in his Arctic explorations and congratulated him on his escape from cold and starvation, disease and death. The exercises closed with a benediction pronounced by Rev. Charles C. Wallace, pastor of the First Presbyterian church and society.
Extraordinary interest was manifested in the arrangements made to welcome Lieutenant Greeley home. The decorations throughout the city were on a magnificent scale. Private residences and public buildings were dressed with flags and
448
HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT
streamers ; and arches, bearing appropriate mottoes, were placed across State street, Prospect street and in front of City hall. At a meeting held in Brown square in the afternoon speeches were made from the grand-stand by Hon. Eben F. Stone, Major Ben : Perley Poore, Richard S. Spofford, Esq., and others. The festivities of the day closed with an elaborate display of fireworks on March's hill.
CHAPTER XII.
SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS.
THE first wharf in the town of Newbury was built by Capt. Paul White, in 1655, near the foot of Greenleaf's lane, now State street, Newburyport.1 Subsequently, Richard Dole, Nathaniel Clark, Stephen Greenleaf, Daniel Davison and others were granted liberty to build wharves in that vicinity.
In 1684, in answer to the petition of several ship owners, Nathaniel Clarke was appointed naval officer to enter and clear vessels at the port of Newbury.2 How long he retained the office is uncertain. When the town of Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, the custom house was probably in charge of William Tailer.3
At that date, Ralph Cross had a ship-yard a few rods below the lower long wharf ; 4 and a few years later Jonathan Green- leaf was building small vessels at the foot of Chandler's lane, now Federal street, where the frigate Boston was built for the state of Massachusetts in 1776, and Stephen and Ralph Cross, sons of Ralph Cross, Sr., had a yard between the foot of Chandler's lane and Davenport's wharf, where they built the frigate Hancock in 1776, and the Protector in 1779.5
The middle ship-yard, laid out as a landing place in 1771, was occupied by Thomas Woodbridge, an eminent ship
1 " Ould Newbury," pp. 151-163.
2 History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 476-478.
3 " Last Friday morning died at Newbury Port William Tailer, Esq., Deputy Collector of that Port, and son of the late Governor Tailer deceased." Essex Gazette, April 7-14, 1772 (Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.).
4 Liberty to extend the lower long wharf sixty feet on the easterly side for the accommodation and dockage of vessels was granted June 18, 1765. Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 48.
5 The ship-yard owned by Stephen and Ralph Cross was afterwards occupied by Michael Titcomb and Ezra Lunt for a mast yard.
449
450
HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT
builder, in 1768,' and afterwards by Stephen Hooper. It was located in the rear of the present police station.2
Abel Merrill leased of the selectmen of Newburyport, in 1765, a building yard at the foot of Queen, now Market street, where he built several vessels.
[March 19, 1765] Voted that the selectmen be ordered to let out to Mr. Abel Merrill so much of that twelve rod highway at or near the upper end of Queen's wharf, or the upper long wharf, so called, as they think can be spared.3
At a later date, Obadiah Horton owned and occupied the upper long wharf and built vessels there during the Revolu- tionary war. At his death, he gave his dwelling house, with other property, to his son James Horton, " and also my river lot of land and all the buildings thereon belonging to me, adjoining upon Merrimack street in Newburyport aforesaid and which was formerly a ship yard."4
At the close of the war the merchants of Newburyport were actively engaged in commercial enterprises and were anxious to extend their trade at home and abroad. Nathaniel Tracy, a large ship owner, wrote to Capt. Samuel Tucker, at Ports- mouth, N. H., bound to the West India islands with a cargo of lumber and other merchandise, the following letter, which throws light on the methods adopted for the management of ships when the mails were slow and telegraphic communica- tion unknown :-
NEWBURYPORT, June 30, 1784.
SIR : You being commander of my Ship Cato I would have you pro- ceed with the cargo now on board to Grenada or one of the Windward West India Islands, where if Markets are favourable you are to sell on the most advantageous terms that can be obtained-Americans not being admitted into English Islands unless particularly indulged, there will be a Difficulty which at present cannot be guarded against in your going into Grenada or Barbadoes, but notwithstanding this you may go on
1 " Ould Newbury," p. 281. Thomas Woodbridge died in 1774, in the sixty- fifth year of his age.
2 See plan of landing place, chapter III., p. 131, and description of ship-yard, pp. 134 and 135.
3 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 40.
4 Will dated July 8,;1808, and proved March 10, 1814.
451
SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS
Shore in your Boat at either, and if on enquiry you should find Sufficient encouragement to do your Business there I would have you Sollicit ad- mittance. In doing this be carefull not to violate any Commercial Laws, and before you determine where to sell, be particular in your Enquiries with respect to Port, and other charges which frequently vary so much as to become an Important consideration in determining the Port of De- livery. By the Last accounts from the West Indies lumber was not so high at Windward as at the Leeward, say £8, 9s at the one, and about twelve at Hispaniola, therefore if it should not be higher than it now is at Windward on your arrival, I would have you go down to the Mole or some Port in the West Indies and there sell. It will be difficult for you to get into the Cape, therefore I would not advise a Trial, unless you should hear that it can be effected, with more ease than at present. The net proceeds of the Goods are to be invested in the produce of the West Indies, say Molasses, Sugar, and Coffee, observing to take as much of the former as may be necessary for Ballast and if you should Load where it can be obtained, or if you should Load at an English Island, as much Salt as may be convenient, and the principal part of what remains, in good Rum-you'll get what freight you can to fill up the Ship, and as soon as your Business is compleated, proceed with her to Richmond in James River. On your arrival deliver the Cargo to Messrs. Samuel Paine & Co., and then receive from them as many hogsheads of good tobacco and as many Staves as the Ship will Stow. In Loading this Article be carefull not to Injure the hogsheads, and not to break any for Stowage unless absolutely necessary. This being done, proceed to Cowes in England, where you will find Letters Lodged for you from my Friends Luke, Son & Fraser under whose direction you are to put your- self entirely unless otherwise ordered by me. At the Port of Delivery they will sell the Ship if they can obtain a Price equal to her value (in which case you'll get rid of your People on the best Terms you can make) or they will send you back to America either with Salt or with a Freight. In every port you will make the greatest Dispatch in your power, partic- ularly in the West Indies, and keep this always in mind, that unless the Strictest Frugality is observed, the most successful markets and best Freight will not support navigation at this time. Whatever is necessary for the Ship and comfortable for the people I am willing to pay for, but further than that I shall not allow on a final Settlement of Accounts. This I have and shall mention to every master in my employ. The Ship is Insured to her value in London therefore if any accident should take place, conduct with caution, & acquaint Luke, Son & Fraser with whatever Occurs. You will be passing from the West Indies to Virginia at a Season when very heavy Gales may be expected off Cape Hatteras, but to prevent any Damage from them I dare say you will take every precaution. Acquaint me in London, and my Agents in Newburyport
452
HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT
with all your proceedings, and from the West Indies be particular in writing to Mr. Paine of Virginia.
For your Trouble and Service I will allow you Three pounds 6/8- p month, Five p cent on your Sales and Two and an half on what you purchase, and from Virginia and back whatever is Customary in Boston which you will be informed of by Mr. Chapman.
I wish you a good voyage and am Your mo. ob. Servant
NATHANIEL TRACY.
Captain David Coates Newburyport.
Mr. Saml. Cazneau
Joseph Chapman, Boston.I
From 1784 to 1794, the number of vessels arriving in New- buryport from Guadaloupe, Port au Prince, St. Martins, Suri- nam, and Martinico with cargoes of molasses, sugar, coffee, or bags and bales of cotton, was unusually large, and ships from Madeira with wine, from Turk's island or Cadiz with salt, from Ireland with linen, from Rotterdam with gunpowder, from Dunkirk with earthenware and carpeting, from Bilboa with silk handkerchiefs, silk gloves, and glass ware, were frequently reported by the custom-house officials. 2
Owing to the claim made by the proprietors of the town of Newbury to the landing place near what is now Market square and the legal controversy that followed, the middle ship-yard, so called, was unoccupied during the Revolutionary war. At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held April 30, 1787, the petition of Stephen Sweazey and others for liberty to build a ship "at the public landing near the Revd Mr. Cary's meeting house formerly improved for that purpose by Messrs. Woodbridge and others " was presented, to which the town made answer as follows :-
Whereas it is the opinion of the Town that they have no legal right to grant the leave prayed for in the petition referred to in the warrant, yet as they are of the opinion that the building of a ship at this time may be of extensive advantage and it appearing to them that the place mentioned in the petition will be a convenient place for that purpose :- Voted that this Town will make no objection to the building of a ship at the said
1 Commodore Tucker Papers, vol. II., p. 250 (Harvard University library).
2 Records kept by Michael Hodge, surveyor, now in the possession of the New- buryport Marine society.
453
SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS
place, nor prosecute or encourage any prosecution against the petitioners or builders for so doing.I
Ralph Cross, who owned a ship-yard near the lower long wharf, died January 4, 1788. His grandson, William Cross, bought, April 16, 1789, a lot of land near the foot of Merrill's lane, now Merrill street, bounded northeasterly by the Merri- mack river, southwesterly by Merrimack street and southeast- erly by a landing place two rods wide, which he subsequently occupied as a ship-yard.2 In 1798, in company with Thomas M. Clark, he built, under the supervision of William Hackett of Salisbury, in the yard "near Rev. Mr. Cary's meeting house," in Newburyport, the ship Merrimack for the United States government.3 He also built, in 1813, in company with Orlando B. Merrill, the sloop-of-war Wasp at a yard near Moggaridge's point in the town of Newbury.+ One of the last vessels built by Mr. Cross in his yard at the foot of Mer- rill street was the brig Rapid, launched in 1823, owned by Capt. John N. Cushing, Nicholas Johnson and others.
In 1810, twenty-one ships, thirteen brigs and one schooner were built on the Merrimack river,5 and the merchants of Newburyport owned at that date forty-one ships, forty-nine brigs, four barks and fifty schooners.6 May I, 1820, a fleet of more than forty vessels, detained for a week or ten days by easterly winds, sailed from Newburyport about twelve o'clock.
We believe our river never was whitened with so much canvas at one time as was spread yesterday noon ; it was a delightful sight.617
In 1851, when a part of the town of Newbury was annexed to Newburyport, the ship-yards below South, now Bromfield, street and above North, now Oakland, street were included within the territorial limits of the last-named town. The yard below South street, owned and occupied by John, David and
1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 487.
2 Essex Deeds, book 150, leaf 63.
3 See chapter III., pp. III-114.
4 History of Newbury (Currier), p. 488.
Newburyport Herald, January 1, 1811.
6 Newburyport Herald, January 18, 1811.
7 Newburyport Herald, May 2, 1820.
454
HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT
Gideon Woodwell, was abandoned soon after that date, but many famous merchant and clipper ships were built in the yards above North street previous to 1885.
The Dreadnaught, one of the famous ships of the nineteenth century, was built in the yard at the foot of Ashland street by William Currier and James L. Townsend for Gov. E. D. Morgan, Francis B. Cutting, David Ogden and others of New York, under the supervision of Capt. Samuel Samuels, who had command of her for nearly ten years. She was launched October 6, 1853, and sailed on the third day of No- vember following for New York in tow of steam-tug Leviathan. She was employed for many years in the North Atlantic trade between New York and Liverpool.
She was never passed in anything over a four-knot breeze. She was what might be termed a semi-clipper, and possessed the merit of being able to bear driving as long as her sails and spars would stand. By the sailors she was nicknamed the " Wild boat of the Atlantic " while others called her the " Flying Dutchman." Twice she carried the latest news to Europe slipping in between the steamers.I
In 1860, she made the voyage from Sandy Hook to Queens- town in the unequalled sailing time of nine days and thirteen hours. She was readily recognized at sea by a conspicuous red cross painted on her fore-top-sail. Yankee sailors sang her praises when stormy winds were blowing and the ship was outward bound :-
There's a saucy wild packet and a packet of fame, She belongs to New York, and the Dreadnaught's her name, She is bound to the eastward where stormy winds blow, Bound away in the Dreadnaught to the eastward we go.
Oh ! the Dreadnaught's a howling down the Long Island shore Capt'n Samuels will drive her as he's oft done before. With every stitch drawing aloft and alow She's a Liverpool packet, Lord God, see her go.
For the homeward voyage the song was slightly modified, but the sentiment remained substantially the same :-
' From the Forecastle to the Cabin (Samuels), p. 250.
SHIP DREADNAUGHT.
456
HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT
There is a crack packet-crack packet o' fame, She hails from Noo York an' the Dreadnaught's her name, You may talk o' your fliers, -- swallow tail and Black Ball,- But the Dreadnaught's the packet that can beat them all.
Now the Dreadnaught she lies in the river Mersey Because of the tug boat to take her to sea ; But when she's off soundings you shortly will know. She's the Liverpool packet,-O, Lord let her go !
Now the Dreadnaught she's howlin' crost the Banks o' Newfoundland Where the water's all shallow and the bottom's all sand, Sez all the little fishes that swim to an' fro,
She's the Liverpool packet,-O Lord, let her go !I
The Dreadnaught, under the command of Captain Mayhew, sailed from Liverpool for San Francisco April 6, 1869, and was wrecked on Cape Penas, near the island of Terra del Fuego, on the fourth day of July following.
In addition to the clipper ships built in Newburyport, after the discovery of gold on the Pacific coast, a large number of merchant vessels of great carrying capacity were built for the East India and China trade. Many of these vessels were cap- tured and destroyed by Confederate cruisers during the Civil war ; some were sold to German and Norwegian merchants ; a few, still sailing under the American flag, are employed in the coal and lumber trade on the Pacific coast.
The ship Whittier, built by John Currier, Jr., was launched January 14, 1869. She was named in honor of the Quaker poet. In answer to an invitation to attend the launching Mr. Whittier replied as follows :-
I am sorry that the state of my health will not permit me to avail myself of thy kind invitation to witness the launching this morning of the good ship in which I feel more than a nominal interest. I hope the Merrimack will give her a kindly welcome to her proper element. If my prayers were but those of a righteous man, that " avail much," she should have none but prosperous voyages. In the course of my life, I have done something in the seafaring line, as well as in Spanish castles, but unfortunately my ships rarely come to port. It is a satisfaction, there- fore, to feel that I have now an interest in a stauncher craft, substantial as oaken ribs and copper bolts can make her.2
1 Captain Courageous (Kipling), p. 113.
2 Life and Letters of John G. Whittier, vol. II., p. 541.
457
SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS
The following stanzas, published several years previous to the launching of this ship, were written to express the appre- ciation of the poet for the ship-builders art and are here quoted as a suggestive and appropriate introduction to the half-tone print on the next page.
Where'er the keel of our good ship The sea's rough field shall plough, Where'er the tossing spars shall drip With salt-spray caught below ; That ship must heed her master's beck, Her helm obey his hand, And seamen tread her reeling deck As if they trod the land.
Her oaken ribs the vulture beak, Of Northern ice may peel ; The sunken rock and coral peak May grate along her keel ; And know we well the painted shell We give to wind and wave, Must float, the sailor's citadel, Or sink, the sailor's grave !
Ho ! strike away the bars and blocks, And set the good ship free ! Why lingers on these dusty rocks The young bride of the sea ? Look ! how she moves adown the grooves, In graceful beauty now ! How lovely on the breast she loves Sinks down her virgin prow !
God bless her ! wheresoe'er the breeze Her snowy wing shall fan, Aside the frozen Hebrides, Or sultry Hindostan ! Where'er in mart or on the main, With peaceful flag unfurled, She helps to wind the silken chain Of commerce round the world !
During the Civil war the gunboat Marblehead, 529 tons register, and the steamer Ascutney, 1040 tons register, were built by George W. Jackman, Jr., for the United States
LAUNCHING OF THE SHIP.
" Decked with flags and streamers gay, In honor of her marriage day."
459
SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS
government. In 1866, he built for a company of Boston merchants the steamship Ontario, 3000 tons register, and in 1867 the steamship Erie, of the same tonnage, for the same company.
At that date, most of the ship-yards in active operation were located between Jefferson and Oakland streets. The names of the principal ship builders and the vessels built by them before and after the annexation of a part of Newbury to New- buryport will be found in the following lists.
Ship building continued active and prosperous until 1883, when the ship Mary L. Cushing was launched from the yard of John Currier, Jr. She was the last square-rigged vessel built in the state of Massachusetts, although several large schooners have been built in Newburyport since that date.
VESSELS BUILT BY WILLIAM CURRIER AND JAMES L. TOWNSEND UNDER THE FIRM-NAME OF CURRIER & TOWNSEND.I
Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Ashland street.2
I Bark Talisman
built in 1843
347 tons
2
Ship Rambler
1844
399
3 St. Patrick
1844
896
4 Bark Edward Koppisch
1845
250
5 Angola
1845
260
6
Brig Monseratte
66
1 845
1 70
¥
7 Ship Harvard
1845
493
8 Sch. Mary C. Ames
1845
108
9 Ship Ariel
1846
570
IO
Far West
1 846
600
II
Brig Almira
1 846
187
12 Ship Tsar
1847
467
13
Amaranth
1847
666
66
14
Richard Cobden
66
1 847
665
66
I 5
Naomi
66
1847
547
66
1 Messrs. Currier & Townsend probably built several vessels not named in this list, but the fact cannot be ascertained beyond a reasonable doubt; and some of the names and dates are not recorded at the custom house and may be incorrect.
Owing to financial embarrassment the firmn was dissolved in 1856. Mr. Town- send built and launched in 1857 the ship Victory, of 1300 tons register, in the ship-yard at the foot of Ashland street. He removed to East Boston in February, 1865, and there in company with Silvanus Smith, under the firm-name of Smith & Townsend, was engaged in building vessels until 1881.
2 This yard was in the town of Newbury until the year 1851; since that date it has been within the limits of the city of Newburyport.
460
HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT
16 Ship Raduga
built in 1848
587 tons
I7
Buena Vista
66
1848
547
18 Bark Crusoe
1849
342
19 20
Lyman
66
1 849
369
578
21
Florida
66
1849
697
22
Art Union
66
1850
1850
290
24
Ship Racer
1851
1600
25
Memnon
66
1851
400
66
26
Irah Perry
1852
435
60
27
Lancer
66
1852
420
28
66 Russell Sturgis
66
1852
1000
1
Highflyer
1853
1195
30
יר
Constitution
1853
II88
66
31
66
Jabez Snow
1853
1073
32
Dreadnaught
66
1853
1414
33
Bark May Queen (?)
1853
300
60
34
Arrow
1854
300
66
35
66 Alma
66
1854
I200
66
38
יו
Driver
1854
1595
39
66
Free Trade
66
1854
1284
40
66
Eloisa de Valparaiso
1854
700
41
Brewster
66
1855
985
42
Courier
1855
554
43
Old Colony
66
1855
899
44
Gallego
1855
610
45
John Wills
1855
800
46
Grace Gordon
1855
800
47
66 East Indian
1856
897
48
Bark Algonquin
66
1856
650
49
Swallow
66
1856
350
50
Ship Eddystone
66
1856
950
51
Reina del Oceana
1857
1033
VESSELS BUILT BY WILLIAM CURRIER.
Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Ashland street.
I
Bark Armenia
built in 1859
326 tons
2 Good Hope
1860
450
3 Sea Bride
" 1861
400 “
1
36
Ship Troubadour
1854
500
37
Commonwealth
1854
1245
800
66
23 Bark Dragon
Ship Scargo
1849
66
1 The Alma was sold previous to leaving Newburyport and her name probably changed to Arthur.
66
29
66
SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS.
46 1
4 Bark Paramount
built in 1862
500 tons
5
Burnside
1862
416
6 Naples
1864
826
7 Ship Mary Alice
1864
700
66
8 Bark Kearsarge
1865
1000
66
9 Ship Calumet
66
1865
942
VESSELS BUILT BY JOHN CURRIER, JR. Ship-yard on Merrimack court.I
I
Ship Brenda
built in 1831
375 tons
2
Republic
1832
397
3
Bark Oberlin
1833
350
4
Ship Newburyport
1834
330
66
6
Leanore
1835
375
7
Columbus
1836
597
66
8
66 Talbot
1837
622
9
Flavio
1838
635
IO
Navigator
1838
414
II
66
Huntress
1839
543
I2
Strabo
1839
437
66
I3
Rosalind
1840
402
66
14
Sch. Petrel
1840
72
66
I 5
Ship Virginia
66
1841
325
66
I7 18
Augustine Heard
1842
497
19
Pacific
1843
517
20
Amity
66
1843
502
. 4
2I
Java
ור
1844
543
66
22
Brutus
1844
546
66
23 24
Ship Huguenot
1845
899
66
25
Roman
66
1846
642
26
" John Currier
1846
681
27
Lebanon
66
1847
682
28
Fanchon
1847
924
66
Nestorian
1847
690
30
66
Franchise
1848
705
31
Charles Hill
1849
705
3.2
" Castillian
1849
993
33
Clarissa Currier
1850
993
5
St. Clair
1834
422
1
1 This yard was in the town of Newbury until 1851, when it was annexed to, and now forms a part of, the city of Newburyport.
18679
66
1840
409
16 Bark Wessacumcon
Ship Farwell (James D.)
1841
700
Bark Fredonia
1845
855
29
Building of the Ship John Currier af Newburyport Mas
SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SIIIP BUILDERS.
463
34 . Ship Inez
built in 1851
705 tons
35 Bark Hesper
1851
414
36 Ship Parthenia
יו
1852
857
37 Howadji
1852
650
38
Guiding Star
66
1853
904
39
66 John N. Cushing
66
1853
896
41
Sonora
1853
708
42
"
Merrimac
66
1854
IIO5
66
43
66
Mercury
66
1854
1020
60
45
66 Gleaner
66
1854
976
46
Moses Davenport
1854
904
66
47
66
Lawrence Brown
66
1855
795
48
Lyra
1855
795
49
George West
66
1855
1071
50
Blondel
66
1855
630
5I
Indus
66
1856
800
66
52
Blandina Dudley
1856
873
66
53
66
Crown Point
1856
IIO0
66
54
Sarah Newman
1857
899
66
55
66
Josiah L. Hale
1857
1007
66
56
Elizabeth Cushing
1857
795
66
57
Black Hawk
1857
941
58
Star of Peace
66
1858
941
66
59
Gaspee
1858
856
60
John Porter
1859
997
66
61
66
Lucretia
1859
850
62
66 Charles H. Lunt
1859
997
63
66
Albert Currier
1859
1000
66
64
66
Jacob Horton
66
1860
II49
65
Glendower
1 860
1092
66
Kenmore
66
1861
1099
67
Whampoa
66
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