USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Dover > Narrative history : a history of Dover, Massachusetts, as a precinct, parish, district, and town > Part 1
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Gc 974.402 D751s 1147182
M. L.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
(norfolk Co.)
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01100 9310
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/narrativehistory00smit_0
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NEWELL'S BRIDGE, WILLOW STREET.
narrative history
A HISTORY
OF
DOVER, MASSACHUSETTS
AS A
PRECINCT, PARISH, DISTRICT, AND TOWN
BY
FRANK SMITH
/ DOVER, MASS. PUBLISHED BY THE TOWN
1897
V=
COPYRIGHTED 1897 BY FRANK SMITH
GEO. H. ELLIS, PRINTER, 141 FRANKLIN STREET, BOSTON
MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED BY THE TOWN AND ORDERED PRINTED APRIL 24, 1896.
1147182
OF .D
. TOWI
· PARI
[ 1784 .
· MAS
NCORPORATED
18
"In any age it is a duty which every country owes to itself to pre- serve the records of its past, and to honor the men and women whose lives and deeds made possible its present."
History is the great looking-glass through which we may behold, with ancestral eyes, not only the various deeds of past ages and the odd accidents that attend time, but also discover the different humors of men .- HOWELL.
4
AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED
TO THE MEMORY OF
JENNIE GERTRUDE SMITH
WHOSE PATIENT RESEARCH MADE POSSIBLE THE WRITING OF THESE PAGES AMID THE EXACTING DUTIES OF A BUSY LIFE
PREFACE.
The writing of this history has been a labor of love. It had its origin in the desire to do something for the place of one's birth.
Since history records the life of the people, it is easily seen that nothing can be of more value or of more abiding interest than the story of the labors, the fortitude, the pri- vations, the heroism, the patriotism, and the loves of the fathers. In the evolution of the town, in the establishment of its institutions, in the life of its men and women, we have an abiding example worthy of all emulation. It emphasizes the truth that men must bear one another's hardships and burdens, and that there is nothing lasting that is not founded on honor, virtue, duty, and purity.
The author is under obligations to the many friends who have rendered him assistance in this work, and it is with sadness that he recalls the interest of those who now sleep with the fathers. A second volume will follow, giving not only the genealogy of present families, but also all residents previous to 1840, since which time complete records have been kept by the Commonwealth.
Frank Smith
ILLUSTRATIONS.
FACING PAGE
I. NEWELL'S BRIDGE. Frontispiece.
II. THE WINDING CHARLES . 34
III. OLD CARYL PARSONAGE, BUILT 1777 56
IV. ARTICLES USED IN THE HOME LIFE OF A PAST GEN- ERATION 68
V. WILLIAMS' TAVERN 86
VI. OLD FARM IMPLEMENTS II4
VII. FIRST PARISH UNITARIAN CHURCH 150
VIII. INTERIOR FIRST PARISH CHURCH 168
IX. BAPTIST CHAPEL . 184
X. EVANGELICAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHI . 192
XI. CEMETERY 200
XII. SANGER SCHOOLHOUSE 208
XIII. NORTH SCHOOLHOUSE 218
XIV. WEST SCHOOLHOUSE 228
XV. EAST SCHOOLHOUSE 240
XVI. TOWN HALL 250
XVII. RAILROAD STATION
270
XVIII. OLD APPLE TREES SAID TO HAVE BEEN GROWN FROM SEED BROUGHT FROM ENGLAND 274
XIX. WATERFALL AT OLD MILL
282
XX. DINGLE HOLE NARROWS .
323
MAPS.
I. REPRODUCTION OF THE MAP OF 1831.
II. STREETS AND RESIDENCES, 1896.
x
HISTORY OF DOVER
The illustrations were made from photographs taken by John F. Guild, of Dedham, who spared no time or effort in producing the best work. Only two of the pictures need explanation. Among the " Arti- cles used in the Home Life of a Past Generation " will be seen the cradle that rocked the children of the Rev. Mr. Caryl; near it a large reel, splint-bottomed chair, and small spinning-wheel-a flax wheel, with a hatchel attached. On the seat of the settle rests a pair of wool cards, tin lantern, foot-stove, knapsack, and powder-horns, probably used in the Revolution. The large spinning-wheel - a wool wheel -- stands at the right, with brass kettles and grain sieve behind. On either side of the reel are implements used in manufacturing straw hats and bonnets. The Dutch baker and tin kitchen, with spit for roast- ing meat, appears, with wooden bowl, wooden shovel, warming-pan, and besom. A pair of snow-shoes rest in front of the settle, with a collection of ironware used in cooking.
In the picture of "Old Farm Implements " will be seen a revolving horse-rake, with grain cradle and wooden ploughs in front. A flax- break rests against the wall, with an ox-yoke at the right. The harrow was used on the day of the battle of Lexington. At the right are a peat-knife and ditch-digger, while a pair of mud-shoes, flail, and sickles rest in the foreground.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
OUTLINE OF THE TOWN .
PAGE I
Topography - Name -Hills - Brooks- Bridges - Highways - Natural Curiosities - Indians - Wild Animals - Areas - Farming - Boundary - Indian Ownership - Massa- chusetts Bay Colony - Population - Town Seal - Streets.
CHAPTER II.
20
THE BEGINNING OF PARISH LIFE . Fourth Precinct of Dedham - Character of the People - Early Settlers in Dover- Henry Wilson -Thomas Battle - Nathaniel Chickering - James Draper- Old Fortification - First Effort to be made a Precinct - First Tax List - Petition to the General Court and Signers - Organization of the Precinct and Election of Officers.
CHAPTER III.
BUILDING THE MEETING-HOUSE
29
Building Committee - Dimensions of the Meeting-house - Site -Committee on the Site- Report of the Commit- tee- Description of the Accepted Site - Meeting-house, when raised - Dedication -Committee on Seating the Meeting-house - Seats for Young Men, Young Women, Boys -Seats, how dignified.
CHAPTER IV.
HOW THEY SECURED A MINISTER
44
The First Preacher - Letter from the Grand Jury of Suffolk County - Public Worship not Continuous until 1759- Application for a Division of First Church Lands - Vote to call a Minister - Joseph Manning - Samuel Dana - Supplies - Call to Benjamin Caryl - Organization of the Church.
xii
HISTORY OF DOVER
CHAPTER V. PAGE
THE FIRST MINISTER .
Benjamin Caryl - Letter of Acceptance - Ordination - A Confession of Faith -Church Covenant - Selection of Deacons-Gift of Land for a Parsonage - Mr. Caryl's Bible - Death of Mr. Caryl - Funeral - Estimate of his Character - Day of Fasting and Prayer - Gravestone Erected to his Memory.
55
CHAPTER VI.
SOCIAL LIFE AND CONDITIONS 67
Old Families - Books and Newspapers - Uncomfortable Meeting-houses - Farm Life- Quilting - Flowers - Old Houses - House - furnishings - Wooden Plates - Price of Farm Products - Travel - " Bundle Handkerchiefs " -- Life among the Boys and Girls.
CHAPTER VII.
COLONIAL CONTESTS
8 1
Early Military Organization - Louisburg - Crown Point - Repeal of the Stamp Act - Sons of Liberty - Boston Tea-party -- Committee appointed to see that No Tea was drunk in the Springfield Parish - Vote not to purchase Imported Articles - Committee of Correspondence - Tories.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE SPRINGFIELD PARISH IN THE REVOLUTION 90
Battle of Lexington- Death of Elias Haven - Capt. Eben- ezer Battle's Company of Minute-men - Battle of Bunker Hill - Dorchester Heights - Battle of Trenton - Valley Forge - Cherry Valley - Continental Money - Revolu- tionary Supplies - Petition of Daniel Whiting to General Court - Discipline of Continental Army.
CHAPTER IX.
MILITARY SERVICES II5
Individual Records - Lexington Alarm - Dorchester Heights - Battle of Bunker Hill - Ticonderoga - Rhode Island - Castle Island - Boston - Cambridge - Roxbury.
xiii
CONTENTS
CHAPTER X.
MILITARY SERVICES .- Continued .
132
Shays's Rebellion - Difficulty in Raising Soldiers - Second War with Great Britain - Ports blockaded - Service of Dover Soldiers - Militia - Service of Dover Officers in the Militia - Memorial Day.
CHAPTER XI.
THE SECOND MEETING-HOUSE
143
Committee on New Meeting-house - Meeting-house burned - Selection of Grounds - Exchange of Land - Meeting- · house patterned after Church in Roxbury - Dedication - Method of Assessing Pews - Rules for Seating the Meet- ing-house.
CHAPTER XII.
THE SECOND MINISTER . 150
Call extended to Mr. Ralph Sanger - Letter of Acceptance - Ordination - Efforts to liberalize the Church - Work in behalf of Education, Agriculture, Temperance, Railroad - Degree of Doctor of Divinity - Resignation - Death in Cambridge.
CHAPTER XIII.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY
167
The Third Minister -Ordination of Edward Barker, the Rev. George Proctor, the Rev. C. S. Locke, the Rev. Eugene De Normandie, the Rev. G. H. Badger, the Rev. Obed Eldridge, the Rev. P. S. Thacher - First Sunday-school - Parish Library - Christmas Celebration - Ladies' Benevo- lent Society - Church Decoration - Easter.
CHAPTER XIV.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY .- Continued .
183
Baptist Church -the Rev. A. E. Battelle - Second Congrega- tional Church -the Rev. George Champion -the Rev. Calvin White-the Rev. O. W. Cooley-the Rev. John Haskell - the Rev. Thomas Norton - the Rev. J. G. Wil-
PAGE
xiv
HISTORY OF DOVER
PAGE
son - the Rev. S. C. Strong -the Rev. John Wood - the Rev. Pierce Pinch -the Rev. J. W. Brownville - the Rev. P. C. Headley -- the Rev. H. L. Howard -the Rev. A. M. Rice-the Rev. A. H. Tyler -the Rev. Edwin Leonard - Christian Endeavor Society - Millerites - Catholics.
CHAPTER XV.
CEMETERY
194
First Burial- Land given by Nathaniel Chickering - First Gravestone - Hearse - Improvement and Enlargement of the Cemetery - Funeral Customs - Care of Cemetery - Epitaphs - Naming the Cemetery.
CHAPTER XVI.
SCHOOLS
First Schoolhouse - Dame School - Appropriation for Schools - First Woman Teacher - New England Primer - Re- quired Studies - New Schoolhouse - School Committee - Superintendent - First Free Books-Center School -Sanger School - Organization of High School - East School- West School-The South District - North School - School Libraries - College Graduates.
203
CHAPTER XVII.
CIVIL HISTORY
222
The Evolution of the Town - Vote of Dedham Town-meet- ing - Act of Incorporation - Board of District Officers - Annual Town-meetings - Post-office.
CHAPTER XVIII.
CIVIL HISTORY .- Continued 236
Hartford Turnpike - Small-pox - Fire-engine - Tavern-keep- ers - Proprietors' Library - How the Poor were cared for -Town Hall-Town Library - Agricultural Library - Representatives to the General Court - Selectmen - Town-clerks - Treasurers - Superintendents of Schools.
XV
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XIX.
CIVIL HISTORY .- Continued
Highways - First Road-Court Street - Medfield Road -
Walpole Street - Labor on Highways - Breaking Roads in Winter - Training Days - Parks - Common - Spring- dale Park - Metropolitan Park System-Charles River Railroad -Charles River Branch Railroad - New Eng- land Railroad.
CHAPTER XX.
SOCIETIES AND ORGANIZATIONS
273
Temperance Reform - Drinking Custom at Funerals and Or- dinations - Cider-mills - Norfolk County Temperance Union - Band of Hope -Sons of Temperance - School- house Meetings-Dover Temperance Union - Organiza- tion of the Grange- Needham Farmers' and Mechanics' Association - Debating Society - Historical Society - Centennial Celebration.
CHAPTER XXI.
MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIES 280
Mills - Whip Factory - Straw Business - Brush Factory - Shoe Business - Ploughs - Hoops - Paper - Cigars - Charcoal - Blacksmiths - Wheelwright - Milk Business - Stores - Inventions - Authorship - Agriculture.
CHAPTER XXII.
THE CIVIL WAR
301
Tidings of War - Liberty-poles - Battles in which Dover Soldiers served - Names of Dover Soldiers killed or died in Service - Home Guards - Action of the Town - Re- cruiting Committee - Amount of Money raised - Draft - Patriotic Women - War Envelopes - Record of the Soldiers in the Army and Navy.
CHAPTER XXIII.
NATURAL HISTORY . . 323
Geology - Mineralogy - Flora - Weeds - Sylva -Shrubs and Vines - Ferns - Fauna - Birds.
PAGE 256
DOVER, MASSACHUSETTS.
CHAPTER I.
OUTLINE OF THE TOWN.
TOPOGRAPHY - NAME - HILLS - BROOKS - BRIDGES - HIGHWAYS - NATURAL CURIOSITIES - INDIANS - WILD ANIMALS - AREAS - FARMING - BOUNDARY - INDIAN OWNERSHIP - MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY - POPULA- TION - TOWN SEAL - STREETS.
Snow in hushes falling, Blue day creeping by, Trees in still processions Etched upon the sky; And a silent village Where the gray stones lean,
Whispering of a Dover They alone have seen.
- WILLIAM C. GANNETT.
Dover forms a part of the westerly boundary of Nor- folk County. Before the organization of this county it belonged to Suffolk County ; and when, after its organ- ization, in 1793, a strong opposition arose, nine towns having petitioned to be set back to Suffolk County, Dover chose Capt. Samuel Fisher to oppose this action and keep the new county intact.
At the point of the First Parish church it has an exact latitude of 42°, 14', 45", north, and longitude west of Greenwich of 71°, 17', 0.29". Dover is bounded on
2
HISTORY OF DOVER
the north by Wellesley and Needham, on the south by Medfield and Walpole, on the east by Dedham, and on the west by Sherborn and Natick. Charles River,
" That in silence windest Through the meadows bright and free,"
skirts the town in its zigzag course for ten and a half miles ; and the echo of the white man's paddle is heard to-day where that of the Indian resounded two hundred years ago. Like Natick, it might be called " a place of hills." Dover is located on the central division of the New England Railroad, and the residents are accommo- dated by three stations ; namely, Dover, Farm Street, and Charles River Village.
By rail the town is 15.8 miles from Boston, and by carriage road 16.36 miles from the City Hall.
Dover is strictly an agricultural town, and has at present sixty-four farms having ten or more acres under cultivation, together with numerous smaller ones. There are one hundred and forty-seven dwelling-houses. It was for many years a part of Dedham, being called the Fourth, or Springfield, Parish. The inhabitants petitioned the General Court in 1782 to be incorporated into a town by the name of Derby ; but the smallness of the population, which did not number above four hun- dred and fifty souls, prevented such an incorporation.
We do not find that the parish selected the name for the proposed town. The choice was probably left to the chairman of the committee, Col. John Jones, a man of prominence in the parish, who is described as "a well-formed, well-dressed man, who rode in his own car- riage, lived in handsome style, performed no manual
3
OUTLINE OF THE TOWN
labor, wore a ruffled shirt, and was one of the three personages that constituted, in Mrs. Stowe's ' Oldtown Folks,' ' our House of Lords.'" His tastes and habits were English; and he probably selected the name in honor of Derby, England, a fine town and county. In the bill of incorporation the name was changed, while in the Senate, to Dover, which, tradition says, was given in honor of Dover, England. Either name would prob- ably satisfy 'Colonel Jones's fondness for old English names.
Of all the original territory of Dedham none is more picturesque or varied in its scenery than this town. Standing on the summit of Meeting-house Hill, one beholds a panorama of varied beauty in hill and dale, in wood and field, in flowing stream and winding street, and in the pleasant homes that dot the landscape. A broad meadow lies at one's feet, which, when clad in the tender green of sprouting grass and leafing tree, adds much to the beauty of the surroundings.
Here is a pair of brooks, whose water, filtered through the eminences around, is of that purity which exhilarates both man and beast. The streams have met and -in the words of Frank Bolles, describing a visit to Pegan Hill near by -" pledged eternal friendship and passed on united, singing, looking up blue-eyed toward heaven."
At the north, Pegan Hill, a part of which lies across the boundary line in Natick, rises very gradually to an elevation of four hundred and twenty feet. Large at its base, this hill does not show its height as readily as one covering a smaller area. Pegan Hill is one of the most accessible and beautiful hills in eastern Massa- chusetts, and was named for the Pegan Indian family.
4
HISTORY OF DOVER
It commands a view of some twenty villages. From its top on a clear day Bunker Hill Monument - a slender gray thread against the blue - and the State House can be seen with the naked eye, while Wachusett and Monadnock stand out in prominence at the northwest. Nestling at its base are attractive homes and fertile farms, all of which were originally conveyed by Indian titles.
Strawberry Hill, in the easterly part of the town, so named by the early Dedham settlers on account of the great abundance of wild strawberries which grew there, covers a large area, and rises to an elevation of two hundred feet above the level of Charles River, which flows at its base. This hill furnishes most delightful views. Fertile farms abound, and some of them were among the first settled outside of the village of Dedham.
Miller Hill -three hundred feet -is very accessi- ble; and much of its surface is easy of cultivation.
Pine Rock Hill -four hundred and forty-nine feet - rises from wooded surroundings to a greater height than any other elevation in this section of the country except the Blue Hill range, six hundred and thirty-five feet, which is the only eminence of a distinctively mountain- ous character on the Atlantic sea-coast line south of Maine.
The tourist who climbs Pine Rock Hill gains a view of wide extent, and under favorable circumstances may discern ships at sail on Massachusetts Bay.
Cedar Hill-four hundred feet-and Oak Hill - three hundred and sixty feet - in the southerly part of the town, furnish three varieties of granite of great strength and beauty. The court-house at Dedham, one
5
OUTLINE OF THE TOWN
of the finest in the country, was built of granite quar- ried among these hills, which was also used in the con- struction of the asylum at Medfield.
Having their source here are numerous brooks, which irrigate fertile meadows and furnish a never-failing water supply.
Big Brook, as it is called in the Dedham records, in the grant of land upon its borders, is the largest stream, and flows westward into Charles River.
Clay Brook was so named because the early Dedham settlers dug clay in the vicinity, which was used in the construction of their dwellings.
Mill Brook rises in Dedham, flows a southerly course, and enters Charles River.
Mill Brook (in Medfield) rises in Dover, flows south- erly, and is crossed by the highway near the Farm Street station.
Noanet Brook played an important part in early land transactions, defining bounds of grants to settlers, and was named for the Indian chief Noanet.
Trout Brook, in the center of the town, is fed by boiling springs. The water is of crystal purity, and abounds in the beautiful fish for which the brook was named.
Tubwreck Brook, which rises in the Great Spring, is the northerly source of the Neponset River. Its name celebrates a humorous incident. One spring, when the brook was unusually swollen, Capt. James Tisdale attempted, in a half hogshead, to sail down the stream, preparatory to gathering flood cranberries. The tub became unmanageable and capsized. Captain Tisdale's friends made much of this event. A quantity of ship-
6
HISTORY OF DOVER
bread, together with such other articles as might be washed ashore from the wreck of a merchant ship, were left at his door; and the neighbors gathered in large numbers, and celebrated his rescue from the wreck. An original poem, telling this story, was repeated for many years around Dover firesides. From that time the stream was called Tubwreck Brook.
Reserve Pond, near the Great Spring, originally cov- ered some twenty acres of land. It stored a large quantity of water, which was kept in reserve to supple- ment, whenever needed, the main stream of the New Mill corporation. The source of supply for their pond is so evenly balanced, by the watershed of the Neponset and Charles Rivers, that water can be made to flow through either stream into the Atlantic Ocean.
Great Spring, in the southeasterly part of the town, furnishes a never-failing water supply, and is a spring of unusual dimensions.
Neponset River, which has its northerly source in Dover, was named for the Neponset tribe of Indians. It flows easterly, and empties into Dorchester Bay. Neponset River is of historic interest, as the first American railroad, built in 1826, extended from a granite quarry in Quincy to the tidewater of the Neponset River, where the granite was loaded into vessels and shipped to various parts of the country.
Charles River, which was named for Prince Charles of England, was once a much more rapid stream than at present. In 1831 the average width was six rods. Shad, alewives, and other species of fish, that have since become extinct, were once common in its waters.
In 1785 it was proposed by several towns along the
7
OUTLINE OF THE TOWN
stream to make a free passage for these fish up the river, but Dover did not concur with other towns in this measure.
The sluggishness of the stream, which has become more and more marked, was noticeable as early as 1740 ; and at one time an effort was made to clear the river of weeds. The quality of the meadow grass, which was for many years largely blue-joint and fowl grass, has deteriorated until now it is almost worthless for feeding purposes.
During the last decade malaria, which was previously unknown in this region, has made its appearance, and is doubtless due to the increased acreage of low, wet land, caused by the sluggishness of the river.
Dingle Hole Narrows is a rocky gorge in the bed of Charles River, between Dover and Sherborn. The place has picturesque surroundings, and is a favorite resort for campers out. The Boiling Springs, in the center of the town, are of great interest; and the stranger who visits them for the first time is almost certain to inquire if the water is hot.
Nimrod's Rock, a granite boulder of curious forma- tion, may have received its name from the mighty hunter of Bible story.
Charles River is crossed by five bridges, all of which have been built in joint ownership with adjoining towns. These bridges all bear the names of individuals or local- ities. Farm Bridge was named for the Dedham posses- sions across the river in Sherborn, known for many years as "The Farms." This bridge was built some time in 1600, and was possibly standing at the time of King Philip's War. Day's Bridge was named for the
8
HISTORY OF DOVER
Day family, who were among the early settlers in Dover. Wight's Bridge, the abutments of which are still standing, was built by Hezekiah and Leonard Morse, of Sherborn, about 1820, and for many years was used by the people in the neighborhood.
Newell's Bridge at Charles River Village was named for Josiah Newell, the founder of the rolling-mills ; while Fisher's Bridge on Center Street was named for Mr. Fisher, a prominent resident of Needham. Baker's Bridge on Dover Street received its name in honor of Mr. Baker, of Needham, who owned a large estate in the vicinity.
Henry Goulding built a pontoon bridge across Charles River, to connect his farm with that of his brother on the Sherborn side. This bridge was used for some years, but was taken up soon after the death of Mr. Goulding, in 1884.
Our well-maintained highways aggregate some thirty- four miles in length, extending from east to west and from north to south. They furnish easy means of com- munication with different sections of the town and surrounding country ; while many winding and shady streets intersect the main highways at different points, and furnish favorite drives for the residents of this and the surrounding towns.
Stretching across the parish in the early time were two highways, both leading to the Indian village at Natick, and built soon after the beginning of Mr. Eliot's enterprise in 1650. One of these roads, at first but a bridle-path, extended from Dedham over Strawberry Hill, along Clay Brook and Charles River. Another road commenced at Medfield, and wound round by
9
OUTLINE OF THE TOWN
Pegan Hill to the same Indian settlement. The name of the parish is significant, and appears in the earliest transfers of real-estate.
Near the center of the parish are numerous springs, which boil up from the earth - a pure white sand. These springs furnish a never-failing water supply, warm in winter and cold in summer. It is estimated by com- petent judges that there are more than forty never-fail- ing springs, from which flows a constant supply of purest water. Nearly all the buildings in the vicinity of Pegan Hill are supplied with water which gushes out from the hillsides. Hence the name " Springfield," which the Dedham settlers so soon applied to the territory.
Perhaps no part of the original territory of Dedham is more closely associated with the life of the Indian than this parish. At least three tribes of Indians occu- pied this soil. The site of the wigwam of the Wisset tribe seventy-five years ago could be traced near the house of William Neal on Hartford Street. The Po- wisset tribe lived in the vicinity of Bernhardt Post's farm, which bears their name. The Pegan tribe owned and occupied Pegan Hill and the surrounding country. Some of the last members of this tribe built a house which was located on the Natick side of the boundary line, the cellar of which is still traceable. Thomas Pegan was the last owner of this house.
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