USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1904 > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36
R
E
E
MUNIC D 184
SOMER
M GIVES
ESTABLISHED
ILLE
187 2
NAL
A CITY STRENGT
.
.
7 . 04.
CITY OF SOMERVILLE
MASSACHUSETTS
ANNUAL REPORTS
I 904
With Mayor's Inaugural Address 1
Delivered Jan. 2, 1905
GI TE
N
0
SOMERVILLE
FREEI
AL
1872.
MUNICIPAL
A CITY
42
ESTABLISHED
STRENGTH
SOMERVILLE JOURNAL PRINT
1905
FOUNDED 1842. 8
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
DELIVERED BY
HON. LEONARD B. CHANDLER, MAYOR,
MONDAY, JANUARY 2, 1905.
GENTLEMEN OF THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN :
Somerville is a city of which much may well be said. Each one of our municipal departments has done and is doing work that is both interesting and profitable for us to consider. But the records of this work will be found in detail in the forthcoming annual reports.
I have decided, therefore, to condense as much as possible the story of the past year's work, and shall endeavor to give you, apart from the usual financial statement, which will be printed, but not read at this time in full, a brief summary of the chief items of interest, together with some recommendations for your consideration.
This method is a departure from my own course of one year ago, and also from that followed by my predecessors for a long time, but is in accord, I find, with that pursued by the mayors of many cities in their inaugural addresses or annual messages.
In brief, the year just closed has been another one of ad- vancement for our honored municipality. It has grown in popu- lation, in wealth, and in beauty.
Funded Debt.
The total funded debt of the city January 1, 1904, was $1,505,500. This debt was increased during the year $132,500. It was decreased $139,500, leaving the net funded debt January 1, 1905, $1,498,500, a net decrease of $7,000.
4
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Taxable Property.
The total amount of taxable property is $58,137,900, of which $51,836,200 is real estate, and $6,301,700 is personal estate, including non-resident bank shares. At a rate of $17.20 on each $1,000 of valuation, the tax is $999,971.88. There are 19,203 polls at $2.00, making $38,406. We received from street water- ing $20,914.68, making the total tax levy $1,059,292.56. The total number of persons assessed, resident and non-resident, was 26,466.
Of the amount received in taxes, $157,000 is required for the debt provisions ; $165,201.88 are state and county taxes, metro- politan sewer, etc., matters over which the city has no control ; $346,500 is used for current expenses of departments, over which the board of aldermen has no control; $331,270 is the amount for current expenses within control of the board of aldermen. The same statement, based upon the $17.20 per thousand, is as follows: Of each $17.20, $2.84 is for state, county, and metro- politan taxes ; $2.70 for debt requirements ; $5.96 for current expenses, over which the board of aldermen has no control ; $5.70, current expenses within control of the board of aldermen.
In addition to the amount received from taxes, there was available last year the sum of $216,847.65 on water income account; we received $27,683.77 from corporation and bank taxes ; from the clerk of the courts, $4,189.30; from the county treasurer, for dog licenses, $4,193.50; from the state, the street railway tax, $43,655.40; and from the Boston Elevated Rail- way tax, $7,965.91; a total of $304,535.53, making the total amount available from taxes and from other sources, $1,363,- 828.09.
The estimated borrowing capacity of the city January 1, 1905, was $141,000. By the first of October this will be in- creased $120,500, making a total borrowing capacity of $261,500.
The City's Finances.
Funded Debt .- The funded debt of the city January 1, 1904, was as follows :-
Funded Debt, City Loan $1,108,500 00
Funded Debt, Sewer Loan . 203,000 00
Funded Debt, Paving Loan 45,000 00
Amount carried forward .
$1,356,500 00
5
MAYOR'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
Amount brought forward $1,356,500 00
Funded Debt, Water Loan . 123,000 00 Funded Debt, Metropolitan Park Assess- ment Loan 26,000 00
$1,505,500 00
The debt was increased during the year by appropriations made by the board of aldermen as follows :-
Public Buildings Construction :- -
Dormitory at City Home $6,000 00
Engine House in Ward Two 4,000 00
Primary School Building (to relieve the schools in Ward Six) 30,000 00
Public Grounds :-
Completion of Prospect Hill Park . 2,000 00
Highways :-
Construction
10,000 00
Paved Gutters and Crossings
14,000 00
Paving Broadway, Bow and Summer Streets
21,500 00
Sidewalks Construction
10,000 00
Sewers Construction
25,000 00
Renewal of Funded Debt
10,000 00
Amount borrowed during the year . $132,500 00
The debt was reduced during the year by payments as follows :-
Funded Debt, City Loan . $107,500 00
Funded Debt, Sewer Loan .
11,000 00
Funded Debt, Paving Loan 5,000 00
Funded Debt, Water Loan .
15,000 00
Funded Debt, Metropolitan Park Assess- ment Loan
1,000 00
Amount paid during the year .
$139,500 00
Leaving the funded debt of the city January 1, 1905, $1,498,- 500 (a decrease of $7,000 from the previous year), classified as follows :-
City Loan bonds bearing interest at 31/2 per cent. $299,000 00
City Loan bonds bearing interest at 4 per cent. 809,500 00
Amount carried forward . . $1,108,500 00
6
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Amount brought forward $1,108,500 00 City Loan Sewer bonds bearing interest at 31/2 per cent. 50,000 00 City Loan Sewer bonds bearing interest at 4 per cent. 160,000 00
City Loan Sewer bonds bearing interest at 41/2 per cent. 7,000 00
City Loan Paving bonds bearing interest at 4 per cent. 40,000 00 . Water Loan bonds bearing interest at 4 per cent. 98,000 00
Water Loan bonds bearing interest at 51/2 per cent. 10,000 00
Metropolitan Park Assessment Loan
bonds bearing interest at 31/2 per cent., 25,000 00
Total Funded Debt January 1, 1905 . $1,498,500 00
The foregoing amount represents the net indebtedness of the city, the unfunded liabilities for the temporary loans, etc., being equaled by its assets, which consist of uncollected taxes, sewer and sidewalk assessments, etc.
Taxes .- The assessors' warrant for the tax levy assessed upon the polls and estates of the inhabitants, as of May 1, 1904, was duly submitted to the collector.
The total amount of taxable property was $58,137,900, and the rate established was $17.20 on each $1,000 valuation, as follows :---
Real estate, valuation
$51,836,200 00
Personal estate, valuation
6,220,500 00
Non-resident bank shares 81,200 00
Total valuation . $58,137,900 00
At a rate of $17.20 on each $1,000 valua- tion
999,971 88
Polls. 19,203 at $2 . . .
38,406 00
Street watering
20,914 68
.
Total amount of tax levy $1,059,292 56 .
Total number of persons assessed, resident and non-resident, 26,466.
Appropriations .- The amount of revenue provided by the tax levy may properly be classified as follows :-
7
MAYOR'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
Rates assessed on $1,000 valuation.
Amount.
For current expenses within the control of the board of aldermen . · Current expenses of depart-
$5 70
$331,270 00
ments over which the
board of aldermen has no control
5 96
346,500 00
Debt requirements
2 70
157,000 00
State and county taxes, met- ropolitan sewer and park
assessments, national bank tax, and Overlay account, 2 84
165,201 88
For
total amount on a valuation of
$58,137,900 at $17.20
$999,971 88
Poll taxes assessed, credited to state and county
38,406 00
Street watering, in excess of amount ap- propriated
20,914 68
Total amount of tax levy
· $1,059,292 56
The appropriations to the various accounts were as fol- lows :-
ACCOUNTS WITHIN THE CONTROL OF THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN.
Assessors
$10,200 00
City Auditor
750 00
City Clerk
6,100 00
City Engineer
11,900 00
City Messenger
2,300 00
City Solicitor
2,300 00
City Treasurer
9,500 00
Clerk of Committees and Departments
4,400 00
Contingent Fund
3,600 00
Election Expenses :-
City Clerk
1,700 00
Commissioner of Public Buildings
1,000 00
Pay of Election Officers
3,000 00
Registrars of Voters
1,600 00
Electrical Department
7,250 00
Excess and Deficiency
8,401 43
Executive Department
3,900 00
Fire Department
23,900 00
Amount carried forward .
$101,801 43
.
8
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Amount brought forward Highways :-
.
$101,801 43
Maintenance
5,375 00
Removing Brown-tail Moths .
3,000 00
Shade Trees
500 00
Tree Guards
1,000 00
Inspection of Buildings
4,100 00
Military Aid
1,000 00
Police
33,000 00
Printing and Stationery
2,500 00
Public Buildings Maintenance :-
City Hall
4,200 00
City Hall Annex
800 00
Fire Department
4,900 00
Health Department
375 00
Highways
250 00
Police
3,200 00
Public Grounds
50 00
Public Library
4,500 00
Schoolhouses
51,643 57
Sewer Department
50 00
Support of Poor
600 00
Water Department
325 00
Public Grounds
11,000 00
Sealer of Weights and Measures
1,100 00
Sidewalks Maintenance
6,000 00
Soldiers' Relief
20,000 00
Somerville Hospital
5,000 00
Street Lights
65,000 00
Total amount assessed on a valuation of $58,137,900, at $5.70 . $331,270 00
ACCOUNTS OVER WHICH THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN HAS NO CONTROL.
Health Department
$40,000 00
Public Library
15,000 00
School Contingent
.
24,000 00
School Teachers' Salaries
249,500 00
Support of Poor, City Home
4,000 00
Support of Poor, Miscellaneous
14,000 00
Total amount assessed on a valuation
of $58,137,900, at $5.96 . $346,500 00
ACCOUNTS PROVIDING FOR DEBT REQUIREMENTS.
Interest $53,500 00
Reduction of Funded Debt 103,500 00
Total amount assessed on a valuation
of $58,137,900, at $2.70 . $157,000 00
.
.
·
9
MAYOR'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
PROVIDING FOR STATE AND COUNTY TAXES, ETC.
State Tax $44,000 00
Deduct one-half of poll taxes . 19,203 00
$24,797 00
County Tax $59,484 41
Deduct one-half of poll taxes,
19,203 00
40,281 41
Metropolitan Sewer Assessment
50,404 54
Metropolitan Park Assessment .
24,033 70
National Bank Tax
1,396 64
Overlay and Abatement
20,298 46
Armory Tax
3,990 13
Total amount assessed on a valuation of $58,137,900, at $2.84 . $165,201 88 -
In addition to the above, the following appropriations were made from the various income accounts :-
From the Income of the Water Works :-
Water Maintenance $25,429 35
Water Loan Interest 4,850 00
Water Works Extension
19,282 13
Water Works, Abatements on Water
Charges
982 91
Interest on Sewer Loan Bonds
7,705 00
Sewers Maintenance
11,800 00
Fire Department
34,061 33
Reduction of Funded Debt, Sewer Loan Bonds
11,000 00
Reduction of Funded Debt, Water Loan
Bonds
15,000 00
Metropolitan Water Assessment 86,736 93
Total
$216,847 65
From the Income from the State and County :-
Police, the amount received from the state for corporation taxes $22,934 84
Police, the amount received from the state for bank taxes . Police, the amount received from the clerk of the courts for fines, costs, etc. .
4,748 93
Public Library, the amount received of the county for dog licenses . 4,193 50
Highways Maintenance, from Boston
Elevated Railway tax . 7,965 91
4,189 30
Amount carried forward . $44,032 48
10
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Amount brought forward $44,032 48 Highways Maintenance, from street rail- way tax 43,855 40
Total
$87,687 88
Total from water income and from
state and county
$304,535 53
The aggregate appropriations from the tax levy and from income were as follows :-
From tax levy
$1,059,292 56
From income
304,535 53
$1,363,828 09
The following tables, giving a condensed history of the city's finances, are herewith presented for reference :-
YEAR.
Amount of Funded Debt.
Increase of Funded Debt.
Reduction of Funded Debt.
Tax Rate per $1,000 Valuation on Account of Reduc-
tion of Funded Debt.
Town .
$593,349
Dec. 31, 1872
643,354
$50,005
66
1873
1874
1875
1,571,854
152,000
1876
1,606,854
45,000
*$55,130 62
$2 07
1877
1,606,854
10,000
*58,828 58
2 30
1878
1,596,854
61,004 64
2 91
1879
1,585,000
64,915 76
3 42
1880
1,585,000
.
.
58,498 64
2 59
1882
1,585,000
.
61,390 59
2 65
1883
1,585,000
64,479 01
2 70
1884
1,585,000
67,719 33
2 78
1885
+1,525,000
71,305 66
2 87
66
1886
1,525,000
66,894 23
2 57
1887
1,525,000
70,252 88
2 56
1888
+860,500
25,000
37,000 00
1 28
1889
952,500
130,000
38,000 00
1 27
1890
1,057,500
150,000
45,000 00
1 38
1891
1,045,500
45,000
57,000 00
1 55
66
1892
1,194,500
253,000
104,000 00
2 73
1893
1,279,500
222,000
137,000 00
3 27
1894
1,344,500
172,000
107,000 00
2 42
1895
1,506,500
247,000
85,000 00
1 83
1896
1,531,000
177,000
152,500 00
3 11
66
1897
1,548,000
167,000
150,000 00
2 39
66
1898
1,552,000
176,000
172,000 00
3 99
1899
1,492,500
110,000
169,500 00
3 30
1900
1,478,000
152,000
166,500 00
3 17
1901
1,461,000
146,000
163,000 00
3 02
66
1902
1,477,000
175.000
159,000 00
: 86
1903
1,505,500
197,500
169,000 00
2 96
1904
1,498.500
132,500
139,500 00
2 40
.
.
809,354
166,000
.
1,419,854
610,500
.
55,739 35
2 72
1881
1,585,000
*$10,000.00 applied to payment of bonds; balance to sinking funds,
tSinking fund applied.
11
MAYOR'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
YEAR.
VALUATION.
TAX LEVY.
RATE.
1872
$22,755,325
$274,374 45
$13 00
1873
29,643,100
389,214 48
12 80
1874
30,837,700
473,235 50
15 00
1875
31,317,000
518,161 40
16 20
1876
26,573,400
504,475 24
18 60
1877
25,479,400
471,789 14
18 10
1878
20,976,900
409,497 10
19 00
1879
18,950,100
352,553 80
18 00
1880
20,458,100
402,927 71
19 10
1881
22,569,100
452,945 45
19 50
1882
23,162,200
425,721 16
17 80
1883
23,812,900
411,645 43
16 70
1884
24,331,100
418,750 26
16 60
1885
24,878,400
428,605 44
16 60
1886
26,003,200
416,987 28
15 40
1887
27,471,800
424,309 14
14 80
1888
28,765,400
421,458 60
14 00
1889
30,004,600
440,324 40
14 00
1890
32,557,500
447,704 00
14 00
1891
36,843,400
539,137 10
14 00
1892
38,093,100
596,357 50
15 00
1893
41,873,600
675,886 80
15 50
1894
44,142,900
721,165 54
15 70
1895
46,506,300
745,609 02
15 40
1896
49,070,800
786,412 32
15 40
1897
50,231,000
913,574 42
17 30
1898
50,739,700
954,187 11
17 90
1899
51,262,400
882,580 96
16 30
1900
52,578,200
889,916 08
16 00
1901
53,924,200
907,439 82
15 90
1902
55,558,300
964,535 80
16 40
1903
57,062,000
1,038,849 84
17 20
1904
58,137,900
. 1,059,292 56
17 20
Highways.
The maintenance and improvement of the highways has ne- cessitated a vast amount of work upon the part of both the street commissioner and the city engineer and their assistants.
The chief item of work accomplished is the paving of Bow and Summer streets, from Union square to School street, with bitulithic pavement, and the consequent widening of the roadway and laying of double tracks therein.
The complete removal of the Holland-street ledge, now al- most accomplished, will give opportunity for a great improve- ment. A sixty-foot street should be laid out through this prop- erty, to connect with Cameron and Packard avenues. A fine thoroughfare would thus be afforded between North Cambridge and Tufts college.
Arrangements will soon have to be made for a substantial supply of trap-rock or other high-grade stone for our highways.
Ten streets, a total length of over two miles, have been con- structed, and twenty-nine streets, a total length of nearly four
12
ANNUAL REPORTS.
miles, have been macadamized or re-surfaced. Nearly four and one-half miles of edgestones have been set.
I recommend that Pearl street, from Cross street to Gilman square, and Medford street, from Gilman square to Magoun square, be paved with bitulithic, vitrified brick, or some perma- nent paving, other than granite blocks.
Bridge at Lowell Street.
One of the most needed improvements in our city is a bridge over the Boston & Lowell railroad tracks at Lowell street. Authority has already been given to the city solicitor to bring the matter before the county commissioners, and it is expected that this bridge, long anticipated by many people, will soon be a reality.
Health Department.
The mortality in our city has been about the same as in the previous year, less than 1,000 persons having died from all causes.
The number of contagious diseases, however, was largely in excess of that of 1903. I firmly believe in the necessity of a contagious disease hospital, and I recommend that a sufficient appropriation be made to properly equip the house which has al- ready been placed in the custody of the board of health for this purpose.
This board has taken an important step in line with the war- fare which is now becoming general against that terrible disease, consumption. It has issued a regulation by which it "adjudges that pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious and contagious dis- ease, dangerous to the public health," and which compels special precautions in every case for the protection of the public.
The great slaughtering industry in our city, which, while now carried on under United States inspection, is still subject to the oversight of our inspector of animals and provisions, shows a decided increase over 1903 in the amount of work done, the number of animals killed being considerably over one and one- half millions.
Water and Sewerage Systems.
Those of our public works which are under ground, like the water and sewerage systems, do not, of course, attract such public
13
MAYOR'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
attention as do the highways, the public buildings, etc. They are, however, highly important to our health and convenience.
Over one mile of new water main has been laid the past year. The installation of meters should be extended until their use be- comes general, as this is the fairest method of water distribution. I believe that they should be placed in all apartment houses for more than two families this year. The rates for metered water have been reduced, so that now consumers pay only sixteen cents. per thousand gallons, which is the lowest rate in the metropolitan water district.
Over two miles of sewers and storm drains have been con- structed. The "separate system" sewers (for house drainage only) should be extended each year until all areas which are sub- ject to becoming flooded are thus improved. Our storm-drain system should be added to in the near future by the construction of drains, as follows: In the North Somerville district; along the northeasterly side of Highland avenue, between Cedar and Lowell streets; and near Somerville avenue, at the East Cam- bridge line.
Some idea of the extent and importance of our water and sewerage systems may be had from the statement that there are ninety miles of water mains and over ninety-one miles of sewers. Our water system has cost us over $800,000 to construct, and the sewerage system over $1,100,000. Since the establishment of the metropolitan water system (in 1895) and the metropolitan sewerage system (in 1889), we have paid to the state for water assessments nearly $350,000, and for sewer assessments nearly a. half-million dollars.
Sealer of Weights and Measures.
The work of the sealer of weights and measures has further increased. He has sealed about 1,400 scales, varying from 5,000- pound platform scales to spring balances, nearly 4,000 weights, and about 85,000 dry and wet measures. Over 150 scales, weights, and measures have been adjusted, and about 2,000 con- demned.
Poor Department.
The number of individuals and families requiring aid from the board of overseers of the poor has somewhat exceeded that of the year 1903. The total expenditures of the department, how-
14
ANNUAL REPORTS.
ever, have been less than during that year, owing to the assum- ing by the state of the payment of the expenses for the care of the insane. The receipts from the sale of produce and wood and the board of certain inmates at the city home have exceeded those of 1903.
Somerville Hospital.
I recommend that the usual sum of $5,000 be appropriated for the Somerville hospital for the care of the sick poor.
Public Library.
Our progressive librarian is much alive to the idea that a library whose books were not read would be of little value. A statement published this year by the librarian of congress shows that the Somerville library now leads all the libraries in New England in circulation, with the single exception of the great Boston public library.
The supplying of special libraries to the public schools and church Sunday schools is a means of circulation which gives many advantages and has proven very popular.
Electrical Department.
Pursuant to a recent order of the board of aldermen, the mayor has petitioned the legislature for such legislation relative to poles, wires, and other electrical appliances, apparatus, and structures as will cause the greater part of such objectionable fea- tures to be removed from our streets. This important work will, of course, require some years to complete.
Five additional miles of wire have been run for our fire alarm and police signal systems, much of the old wire has been replaced by new, and the systems have been otherwise improved.
Street Lights.
Somerville is one of the best-lighted cities in the common- wealth, but the amount expended for this service is very large. We now have 491 arc and 483 incandescent lights.
The price, per year, of an arc light is $105, and of an incan- descent, $30. On residential streets, except where they join or intersect each other, two incandescents, instead of one arc, will fill every need, and I recommend this substitution whenever pos-
15
MAYOR'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
sible. The number of arc lights can be reduced from 491 to 475 without affecting the price per light.
Buildings Department.
Much important work has engaged the attention of the commissioner of public buildings. The new engine house in Union square has been completed, a large dormitory for men added to the city home, the construction of the George O. Proc- tor school building on Hudson street has been begun, three rooms in the English high school have been re-arranged, and the Bell and Burns schoolhouses have been thoroughly renovated.
By an order just passed, a system of fire escapes will soon be installed on the Bell schoolhouse.
Appropriations will have to be made this year for the fur- nishings, etc., of the new engine house in Union square and for the heating, plumbing, and furnishings of the Proctor school- house.
The heating arrangement for the new dormitory at the city home is but temporary. There is a heating plant in the annex to the Knapp schoolhouse, which is not in use, that would make an excellent equipment for the entire set of city home buildings. The furnace systems in the Pope and Morse schoolhouses should be replaced by steam heating plants. I recommend that suffi- cient amounts be included in the appropriations for public build- ings to admit of at least two of these three improvements, which would ultimately result in a financial saving.
Three hundred permits for new buildings and alterations have been issued, and, as a result of this construction work, prop- erty to the value of $785,000 has been added to the city.
Soldiers' Relief.
The sum of $21,000 was paid out under the soldiers' relief law for the support of Civil war veterans, their widows and fami- lies. Such is Somerville's eloquent tribute to the men who saved the nation. The city has also dispensed for the state the sum of $14,000 for state aid, and paid out $2,100 for military aid, one- half of which latter amount is returned by the state. Nearly $500 has also been expended for the state for soldiers' burials. In addition, the city spent over $700 for turkeys, which were dis- tributed as its Thanksgiving donation to 300 needy survivors of the Civil war, or the families of such veterans.
16
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Parks and Playgrounds.
At least the usual amount of work has been done in beauti- fying our parks, which are among Somerville's chief attractions.
Great attention has been paid to the matter of providing and equipping playgrounds in all parts of the city. Five fields have been maintained for baseball and football playing; also an out- door gymnasium, bicycle track, and tennis courts. The fine Broadway athletic field at West Somerville has been greatly im- proved, at the expense of the High School Athletic association, by additional seats, so that the seating capacity of the grand- stands is now nearly 5,000. The Glen-street playground has been enlarged by obtaining the use of adjoining land. Permis- sion, without expense to the city, to use private lands east of Broadway park and at the corner of Highland avenue and Cedar street has also been secured, and these have been converted into admirable playgrounds. Another portion of the city's land at the corner of Broadway and Cedar street, in front of the city's buildings, has been partly graded, and, if completed this spring, will make another fine playground, and add to the appearance of our public property there.
Shade Trees.
Eight hundred and thirty shade trees have been set out on the highways, which will soon result in greatly added beauty to our city. Hardy maples have been placed on Broadway, from the Charlestown to the Arlington line, except where shade trees al- ready existed. Powder House boulevard has been adorned with the fast-growing Carolina poplars between Powder House square and Curtis street, and numerous trees have been set out for the owners in front of single estates. There are now 10,000 public trees in the city, and nearly 16,000 on private lands.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.