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M. L.
Gc 974.4 C22h 1377422
DIANA TOWNSHIP LIBRARY.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
UIM. 67
Post. 50
THE PROPERTY OF
Cleveland Township, County of - 1 1
-
RULES AND REGULATIONS.
The Library is in charge of the Trustees of the Township, who are accountable for the preservation of the same.
They may adopt rules and regulations necessary for the pre- servation and usefulness of the books, prescribe the time of taking and returning them, and assess damages done them by those enti- tled to their use.
The Library must be kept open to all persons entitled to its privileges, throughout the year, without regard to school sessions.
Every family in the Township is entitled to the use of two volumes at a time, and every tax-payer of the same, without family, to the use of one volume.
No volume can be retained a longer period than period than 30 days
That the Trustees may be able to make their Annual Report of the condition of the Library, and effect the necessary exchanges of the parts thereof in classified districts, all books must be re- turned to the Librarian days before the annual meeting.
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 .00083 5832
Lippincott's
Cabinet Histories of the States.
MASSACHUSETTS.
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LIPPINCOTT'S
CABINET HISTORIES.
ENSEPETIT PLACIDAM SUB LIBERTATE/QUI
MASSACHUSETTS
PHILADELPHIA J.R LIPPINCOTT &: 57 1856
THE
HISTORY OF MASSACHUSETTS,
FROM ITS
Earliest Settlement to the Present Time.
CO
,
BY
W. H. CARPENTER.
1
GC 974.4. C22h
PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1856.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by T. S. ARTHUR AND W. H. CARPENTER, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON AND CO. PHILADELPHIA.
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE.
THERE are but few persons in this country who have not, at some time or other, felt the want of an accurate, well written, concise, yet clear and reliable history of their own or some other state.
The want here indicated is now about being sup- plied ; and, as the task of doing so is no light or superficial one, the publishers have given into the hands of the two `gentlemen whose names appear in the title-page, the work of preparing a series of CABI- NET HISTORIES, embracing a volume for each state in the Union. Of their ability to perform this well, we need not speak. They are no strangers in the literary world. What they undertake the public may rest assured will be performed thoroughly; and that no sectarian, sectional, or party feelings will bias their judgment, or lead them to violate the integrity of history.
1377422
The importance of a series of state histories like those now commenced, can scarcely be estimated. Being condensed as carefully as accuracy and interest of narrative will permit, the size and price of the volumes will bring them within the reach of every family in the country, thus making them home-read- ing books for old and young. Each individual will,
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PUBLISHERS' PREFACE.
in consequence, become familiar, not only with the history of his own state, but with that of other states : -thus mutual interest will be re-awakened, and old bonds cemented in a firmer union.
In this series of CABINET HISTORIES, the authors, while presenting a concise but accurate narrative of the domestic policy of each state, will give greater prominence to the personal history of the people. The dangers which continually hovered around the early colonists ; the stirring romance of a life passed fearlessly amid peril; the incidents of border war- fare; the adventures of hardy pioneers; the keen watchfulness, the subtle surprise, the ruthless attack, and prompt retaliation-all these having had an im- portant influence upon the formation of the American character, are to be freely recorded. While the progres- sive development of the citizens of each individual state from the rough forest-life of the earlier day to the polished condition of the present, will exhibit a pic- ture of national expansion as instructing as it is inte- resting.
The size and style of the series will be uniform with the present volume. The authors, who have been for some time collecting and arranging materials, will furnish the succeeding volumes as rapidly as their careful preparation will warrant.
PREFACE.
QUITE a number of histories of Massachu- setts have already been written by different authors, but they are, for the most part, con- fined to various periods anterior to the Revolu-
tion. Though invaluable as sources of informa- tion, these works contain much that is of no possible interest to the general reader ; and are, besides, of so bulky and expensive a charac- ter that they can scarcely be regarded as coming within the ordinary scope of popular demand.
In writing the present book, the aim has been to carefully compare and adjust the accounts given of the origin and progress of the state by the most reliable authorities; to narrate faith-
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PREFACE.
fully every event necessary to a proper know- ledge of the people and the institutions by which they have been governed; and, by con- densing prolix details of no historical import- ance, to present within a reasonable compass all the essential facts which have hitherto been comprised in many volumes.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Early voyages to the New World-Bartholomew Gosnold- Exploration of the northern coasts of America-Attempt to found a colony in Buzzard's Bay-Its failure-Voyage of Pring-The harbours of Kennebunk, York, and Pisca- taqua discovered-Voyage of Weymouth-Five Indians kidnapped and sent to England-Formation of the Ply- mouth and London Companies-Voyages to the coast -The Sagadahoc settlement-Its abandonment-Voyage of Smith to the northern coast-His successful traffic with the natives-His map of the country-Names it New England-Reanimation of the rival companies-Smith's second voyage-Is encountered by a pirate-Is pursued by a French vessel of war-Discontent of the crew-Smith's resolute behaviour-Is hemmed in by the French fleet- Liberation of his vessel-Treachery of his crew-Smith detained a French prisoner-Escapes in a storm-Reaches England-Punishment of the mutineers-His appeal to the western gentry in behalf of colonial settlements .Page 19
CHAPTER II.
Struggles of Puritanism-Accession of James I .- Petition for redress of ecclesiastical grievances-Puritans ordered to conform-Oppressive conduct toward them-Their separa- tion and dispersal-Congregation of Mr. Robinson-Take refuge in Amsterdam-Removed to Leyden-Their stead- fastness and probity-A colony in America contemplated- Negotiation with the Virginia Company-Petition to the king-The patent accepted-A partnership formed with London merchants-Embarkation at Delft Haven-Junction with the Mayflower at Southampton-Accident to the Speedwell-The Mayflower sails alone-Arrival in Cape Cod harbour-Mutual compact drawn up-Explorations by land and water-Sufferings of the exploring parties-A child born-Final exploration under Governor Carver-The camp surprised by Indians-A bloodless victory-The cruise continued-A dangerous storm-Disembarkation on Clark's Island --- Examination of Plymouth harbour-Land- ing of the Pilgrims.
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CONTENTS.
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CHAPTER III.
A military company organized-Distribution of the settlers into families-Buildings commenced-Great sickness among the colonists-Fearful loss of life-Death of Carver-De- parture of the Mayflower-Appearance and salutation of Samoset-Visit of Massasoit-Squanto the interpreter-The earliest offences against the laws of the colony-The mode of punishment-Tardy convalescence of the sick-Embassy to Massasoit-Jealousy of Corbitant, a Narraganset sachem -His seizure of Squanto-His village surprised by Stan- dish-Alarm of the neighbouring Indians-Treaty of amity and dependence-Arrival of colonists-Symbolical message of Canonicus-Bradford's bold retort-Its success -Plymouth fortified-Standish undertakes a voyage to Massachusetts Bay-Is dissuaded from it by Hobbamock -Wily device of Squanto-The expedition broken up- Deceit of Squanto discovered-His life demanded by Mas- sasoit-Forbearance of Bradford-Arrival of Weston's colonists-Their reckless and dissipated character-Death
of Squanto
Page
48
CHAPTER IV.
The coasting voyage abandoned-Traffic with the Massachu- setts Indians-Accident to the shallop-Prospects of an Indian conspiracy-Illness of Massasoit-Winslow's jour- ney to him-False account of Massasoit's death-Reception of Winslow-Recovery of Massasoit-His gratitude-The plot revealed-Winslow returns to Plymouth-Action of the general court-Standish departs for Weymouth-Arrives in the harbour-The Swan deserted-Wretched condition of Weston's people-The intentions of Standish suspected by the Indians-Their daring conduct-Speech of Pecksuot to Hobbamock-Of Wituwamat-The conflict-Death of the chief conspirators-Fortunate result-Grief of Mr. Robin- son.
CHAPTER V.
Gratitude of the colonists-Captain Robert Gorges-His char- ter for part of Massachusetts Bay-Appointed Lieutenant- Governor for New England-West commissioned as admi- ral-Weston's plantation re-opened-Ill success of Gorges -He quits the country-West sails for Virginia-John Pierce-His charter-Purchased by the Plymouth Company -Arrival of third supply-Day of thanksgiving ordered- Winslow sails for England-Roturns-John Lyford-Reli-
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CONTENTS.
gious disputes-Wollaston's plantation-Morton of Merry Mount-His capture and imprisonment-Lyford and Conant at Nantucket-Settlement at Nauinkeag-Origin of the Massachusetts Company-Patent obtained-Arrival of En- dicott and others at Naumkeag-Second supply for Massa- chusetts-Organization of the church at Salem-Expulsion of the Brownes-The charter transferred to Massachu- setts-Embarkation of Winthrop-Sufferings of the colo- nists-Arabella Johnson-Isaac Johnson-His death and Page 75 burial
CHAPTER VI.
Settlements in New England-Discouraging reports-Win- throp-His piety and beneficence-Political changes-Ar- rival of Cotton and Stone-Dudley chosen governor-Power of the commons asserted-First house of delegates-Emi- gration-Charges preferred in England against the Massa- chusetts colony-The demand for a return of the charter evaded-Morton's letters-Preparations for defence-Civil dissensions-Roger Williams-Asserts freedom of con- science-Is banished-Settles Rhode Island-Opposition to Winthrop-His accusers rebuked-Arrival of Vane and Hugh Peters-Fort Saybrook built-Emigration to Connec- ticut-Popularity of Vane-Chosen governor of Massa- chusetts-Growing discontent-Anne Hutchinson - Her doctrines-Supported by Vane-Warm religious disputes -Convention of churches-Banishment of Wheelwright and Mrs. Hutchinson-Her tragic death-War with the Pequods-Advance into their country-Attack on Mistick Fort-Pursuit of Sassacus-Extermination of the Pequod tribe
CHAPTER VII.
New Haven founded-Increase of emigration-Harvard Col- lege established-Population of the province-Emigration checked-Feeling of discouragement in New England-The Bahama Islands-Colonists from New England-Fired upon by the Spaniards-Return of the adventurers-Commis- sioners sent to England-Fate of Hugh Peters-Wheel- right-Settles at Exeter-Underhill-His banishment from Massachusetts-Becomes governor of Exeter-Is forcibly expelled-The jurisdiction of Massachusetts extended- Indian plot-Conduct of Miantinomo-Gorton-His doc- trines-Whipped at Plymouth-At Rhode Island-Removes to Providence-Settles at Shawomet-Is arrested and car- riod to Boston-Harsh sentence imposed upon him and his
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CONTENTS.
followers-Union of the New England colonies-Indian war-Execution of Miantinomo-Submission of the Narra- gansets-Witchcraft in Massachusetts-Instance of credu- lity-Death of Winthrop-His character Page 102
CHAPTER VIII.
Civil war in England-Neutrality of Massachusetts-Its charter endangered-Death of Charles I .- Parliament as- serts its supremacy over the colonies-Massachusetts re- monstrates-War declared between England and Holland -The colonies called upon to render assistance-Action of Massachusetts-Capture of Acadia by the English fleet- Executions for witchcraft-Oliver Cromwell-His proposi- tion to transfer the Puritan commonwealth to Ireland-His second proposition-Their reasons for declining to emigrate Persecution of the Quakers-Their origin-Fanaticism and spirit of proselytism-Perrot's journey to Rome-Mission to the Turkish Sultan-Arrival of the Quakers in Massa- chusetts-Their arrest, imprisonment, and banishment- New laws passed against the Quakers-The exiles return to invite persecution-Arrival of Mary Clarke-Her special mission-Fanatical conduct of the sect-Made amenable to death on returning from banishment-Execution of Marma- duke Stephenson, William Robinson, Mary Dyer, and Wil- liam Ledra-Arrival of Wenlock-His arrest and condem- nation-Release of the imprisoned Quakers
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CHAPTER IX.
Governors of Massuchusetts-Restoration of Charles II .- Arrival of Whalley and Goffe-Their arrest ordered- Charges preferred against the colony-Project for a go- vernor-general of the New England provinces-Action of the general court-Agents appointed to proceed to London -Response of the king-Change required in the Massachu- setts government-Additional complaints-Appointment of royal commissioners-Their arrival at Boston-Embark for New York-Capture of that province from the Dutch-Re- turn of the commissioners-Their arbitrary proceedings- Difficulties with the general court-Report to the king- Deputies ordered to be sent to London-Prosperity of Massachusetts-King Philip's war-Christian Indians-The Wampanoag and Narraganset tribes-Cause of the war- Massacre at Swanzey-Mount Hope taken-Narragansets constrained to remain neutral-Progress of the war- Brookfield attacked-Deerfield burned-Northfield aban- doned-Attempt on Hatfield-Alarm in Massachusetts-
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CONTENTS.
Extraordinary levies-Slaughter of the Narragansets- Lancaster burned-Groton, Chelmsford-Medfield attacked -Warwick and Providence devastated-Massacres in Ply- mouth colony-Activity of the colonists-Capture and exe- cution of Canonicus-Pursuit of Philip-His death ... Page 123
CHAPTER X.
Charter of Massachusetts threatened-Agents sent to England -Their return-The charter vacated-Dudley appointed president-Andros appointed governor of all the New Eng- land provinces-His exactions and tyrannical conduct- Revolution in England-Insurrection in Massachusetts- Deposition and imprisonment of Andros-Bradstreet chosen president-War between England and France-Activity of Frontenac-Cocheco devastated-Pemaquid attacked and taken-Schenectady burned-Settlement at Salmon Falls surprised-Capture of fort at Casco Bay-Phipps captures Port Royal-Expedition to Canada-Its ill success-Issue of paper money-New charter of Massachusetts-Phipps appointed governor-Salem witchcraft-Cotton Mather- Spread of the delusion-Its terrible effects throughout the colony-Execution of Mr. Burroughs-Flight of the Brad- streets-Accusation of Lady Phipps-Reaction-Conduct of Judge Sewell-Of Mr. Parrish
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CHAPTER XI.
Sir William Phipps-Fort built at Pemaquid-Treaty with the eastern Indians-Dissatisfaction in Massachusetts-Diffi- culties with Phipps-Summoned to England to answer charges-His acquittal and death-Stoughton's administra- tion-French and Indian hostilities-Descent on Durham -Recapture of Port Royal-Destruction of the fort at Pe- maquid-Expedition of Church to the Bay of Fundy- Andover and Haverhill attacked-Peace of Ryswick-Arri- val of Earl of Bellamont-His popular course-Dudley ap- pointed governor-Disputes with the assembly-War be- tween England, France, and Spain-Settlements in Maine destroyed-Burning of Deerfield-Charges against Dudley -Unsuccessful expedition against Port Royal-Expedition organized against Canada-Its disastrous result-Treaty of Utrecht-Unpopularity of Dudley-His recall-Governor Shute-His quarrel with the general court-Returns to England-Administration of Dunmore-Governor Burnet- His difficulties and death-Arrival of Governor Belcher- War with Spain-Paper money agitation in Massachusetts -Removal of Belcher-Governor Shirley-War with France -Capture of Louisburg-Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle ...... 150
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CONTENTS.
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CHAPTER XII.
Prosperous condition of Massachusetts-Duplicity of Shirley -He sails for England-The provincial laws-Their revi- sion advised by the English ministry-Cape Breton restored to the French-Chagrin of Massachusetts-The province indemnified for the expense of the Louisburg expedition- Returns to specie currency-Difficulties between England and France-Boundary dispute-Acadia-French encroach- ment-The Ohio Company-Advance of the French-Cap- ture of unfinished works at the forks of the Ohio-George Washington-His Skirmish with Jumonville-Retreats to Great Meadows-Capitulates and retires across the moun- tains-Convention at Albany-Union of colonies dis- cussed-Plan of Franklin accepted-Its rejection by the colonies-Scheme of the Board of Trade-Action of Mas- sachusetts-Arrival of Braddock-Plan of campaign-Ex- pedition to Acadia-The Acadians-Their primitive man- ners-Their happy pastoral life-Success of the expedition -Deportation of the Acadians. Page 164
CHAPTER XIII.
Expedition against Crown Point-Fort Edward built-Ap- proach of Dieskau-Defeat and death of Colonel Williams -- Battle of Lake George-Shirley's advance to Oswego- Defeat of Braddock-Expedition to Niagara abandoned- Shirley appointed commander-in-chief-His military pro- jects-His recall-Loudoun appointed commander-in-chief -Arbitrary laws passed by parliament-Capture of Oswego by Montcalm-The provincial forces disbanded-Campaign of 1757-Loudoun's unsuccessful expedition to Louisburg -Fort William Henry captured by Montcalm-Extraordi- nary panic in the provinces-Imbecile conduct of Loudoun -His quarrel with Massachusetts-Submission of the general court-Popularity of Governor Pownall-Cam- paign of 1758-Pitt's vigorous and popular measures-Aber- crombie appointed commander-in-chief-Embarks on Lake George-Advance against Ticonderoga-Skirmish and death of Lord Howe-Defeat of Abercrombie. 180
CHAPTER XIV.
Surprise of Fort Frontenac by Bradstreet-Capture of Louis- burg-Washington takes possession of Fort Duquesne- Campaign of 1759-Exertions of Pitt-Response of Massa- chusetts-Fort Niagara invested by Prideaux-His death -Defeat of the French and capture of Fort Niagara by Sir William Johnson-Desertion of Ticonderoga-Of Crown
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- CONTENTS.
Point-Quebec invested by Wolfe-Battle of the Plains of Abraham-Wolfe and Montcalm mortally wounded-Sur- render of Quebec-Movements of Amherst-Governor Ber- nard-His speech to the Massachusetts legislature-Re- sponses of the council and house of representatives-Illegal conduct of the revenue officers-Writs of assistance-Hutch- inson appointed chief justice-James Otis-Opposition to the writs of assistance-Argument on behalf of their legal- ity-The case argued-Speech of Oxenbridge Thatcher- Of James Otis the younger-Its effect upon the people-Un- constitutional act of Bernard-Its denunciation by Otis-
Page 196 Public avowal of his principles
CHAPTER XV.
Feud between the regulars and provincials-Good understand- ing among the several provinces-Condition of England- Financial embarrassments-Project to tax America-Parlia- ment asserts the right to tax the colonies-The Stamp Act proposed-Colonial agitation-Massachusetts remonstrates -Passage of the Stamp Act-Proceedings in Boston-The Virginia resolutions-A congress of colonial delegates recom- mended-Petition and remonstrances forwarded to Eng- land-Riots in Boston-Personal safety of Hutchinson en- dangered-Resignation of the stamp-distributors-Repeal of the stamp-tax-Whigs and Tories-Opposition to the Revenue laws-Increasing unpopularity of Governor Ber- nard-Townsend's bill for taxing America-Its reception in Boston-Message of Bernard to the house of, representa- tives-The legislature adjourned-Seizure of the sloop Liberty-Alarm of the commissioners of customs-Popular demonstration-Public meeting called-The house of re- presentatives dissolved-Arrival of troops-Convention of provincial delegates at Faneuil Hall
CHAPTER XVI.
Arrival of troops in Boston-Action of the council-Quartered in the city-General Gage-Popular alarm and indignation -British instructions to Bernard-Virginia supports Massa- chusetts-Repeal of all taxes except the duty on tea-Ber- nard summoned to England-Disclosure of his letters-Po- pular indignation-Spirited conduct of the legislature-De- parture of Bernard-Governor Hutchinson-His policy- Dissatisfaction in Boston-Collision with the troops-Mas- sacre of the 3d of March-Arrest and trial of Captain Preston and his soldiers-The verdict-Anniversary cele- bration of the massacre-The seat of government-The governor and judges to be paid by the crown-Protest of
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CONTENTS.
the general court-Alarm of the people-Resolutions drawn up-Unanimity of the provincial towns-Uneasiness of Hutchinson-Public agitation-Virginia declares a union of the colonies necessary-Hutchinson's letters-Charges pre- ferred against him-His trial and acquittal-His recall.Page 222
CHAPTER XVII.
The tax upon tea-Its repeal agitated-Non-importation agreement-Drawback allowed on tea-Its shipment to America-Conduct of Pennsylvania, New York, South Caro- lina, Massachusetts-Destruction of tea in Boston harbour -Port of Boston closed-Gage appointed governor-Re- ception of the Boston port bill-Action of the colonies-A national congress recommended-Warlike preparations -.- Convention at Milton-National congress at Philadelphia- Provincial congress at Salem-At Cambridge-Committee of Safety organized-Ward and Pomeroy appointed gene- rals of militia-British detachment ordered to Concord- Skirmish at Lexington-At Concord-Gathering of the provincials-Retreat of the British-Advance of Lord Percy -Arrival of the regulars at Charlestown-British and American loss-Congress of Massachusetts-Additional levies ordered-Address to the people of Great Britain ...... 235
CHAPTER XVIII.
Reception by the colonies of the battle of Lexington-Boston invested by the provincials-Green commissioned by Rhode Island-Putnam appointed to command the Connecticut troops-Stark arrives with reinforcements from New Hamp- shire-Meeting of the continental congress-Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point by Allen and Warner-Gage proclaims martial law-Intrenchments thrown up on Breed's Hill-Movements of the British-Battle of Breed's or Bunker Hill-Death of Warren-Washington appointed commander-in-chief-His arrival in camp before Boston- Siege of Boston-Provincial government organized-Fal- mouth bombarded and burned-Privateering encouraged by the general court-Reassembling of the continental con- gress-The army reorganized-Patriotic conduct of Colonel Whitcombe -- Gage recalled-Howe appointed commander- in-chief of the English forces-Washington prepares to assault Boston-The town abandoned by the enemy ..... ..
CHAPTER XIX.
Massachusetts during the war-Washington in New York- Capture of English transports-Invasion of Canada by
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CONTENTS.
Montgomery-March of Arnold through the wilderness- - His appearance before Quebec-His junction with Montgo- mery-Attack on Quebec-Death of Montgomery and re- treat of Arnold-Canada evacuated by the Americans-De- claration of Independence-Success of Carleton-Evacua- tion of New York-Washington's retreat across the Jerseys -Defeat of the Hessians-Skirmish at Princeton-Howe's movements-Battle of Brandywine-of Germantown-Bur- goyne descends from Canada-Battle of Bennington-Of Saratoga-Surrender of Burgoyne-Treaty with France- Philadelphia evacuated by Howe-Battle of Monmouth- Arrival of the French squadron-Newport invested-Defeat of Sullivan-Virginia harassed by the British-Georgia in- vaded-Conquest of South Carolina-Defeat of Gates- Hancock elected governor of Massachusetts-Movements of Greene-Battle of Guilford Court House-Cornwallis enters Virginia-Siege of Yorktown-Surrender of Cornwallis. Page 262
CHAPTER XX.
Prospects of peace-Memorial of the general court-Right of the fisheries-Exhausted condition of the confederated states -Disaffection in the American army-Peace proclaimed- Difficulties in Massachusetts-Indebtedness of the State- Popular discontent-Bowdoin chosen governor-His address to the people-National convention called-State convention at Hatfield-Internal discord-Popular disturbances-Ac- tion of the legislature-Riots at Worcester-Daniel Shays the popular leader-Proposes to march to Boston-Winter quarters of the rioters-Their conduct at Springfield-The militia called out-Armory at Springfield attacked-Defeat of the insurgents-Petition for pardon-Activity of General Lincoln-Capture of the rioters-Restoration of tranquillity 27€
CHAPTER XXI. .
Delegates sent to the national convention-Hancock re-elected governor-Adoption of the federal constitution-Formation of parties-Fervid political discussions-Federalists and anti-federalists-Virginia calls for a new convention- Amendments to the constitution by congress-Reviving prosperity in Massachusetts-Agriculture and manufactures encouraged-Death of Hancock-Samuel Adams elected governor-National difficulties with France and England- Treaty stipulations with France-Arrogant conduct of Genet -Washington's policy of neutrality approved-Sympathy for the French republic-Rejoicings in Boston-Hamilton's funding system-Sustained by Washington-Federal and republican differences-Party rancour and animosity- 2*
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