USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Lynn > Centennial memorial of Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts > Part 6
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HISTORICAL SKETCII.
with a ridge of pebbles, shells and various marine de- posits, called Long Beach. Its length is about a mile and three-quarters, and in old geographies it is spoken of as a rare curiosity. The ocean constantly beats upon it with a deafening roar or a lulling murmur, according to the state of the wind and tide. The roaring is popu- larly believed to indicate the approach of storms ; a be- lief that can be traced back to the very earliest times. Mr. Wood, in his New England's Prospect, says : " Vpon ye southe side of ye sandy Beach ye sea beat- eth, which is a sure prognostication to presage stories and foule weather and ye breaking vp of Frost. For when a storme hath beene or is likely to be itt will roare like Thunder, being hearde six myles." It is, however, an error to suppose the roaring to be a sure precursor of foul weather, as it arises from the out winds driving in heavy seas ; and only indicates the location and strength of the wind, which may change to some overland quar- ter, when, without a storm the roaring will cease. An out wind, however, if it be of any considerable duration, is pretty sure to produce a storm. This beach has al- ways been much resorted to in summer, by those who would have a breath of invigorating ocean air; and often, of a moonlight evening, an almost fairy scene is presented. Tradition says that the Indians were fond of assembling here to pursue their sports ; and it is asserted that the name in their tongue signified " Lover's Walk."
The protection of this beach seems absolutely neces- sary for the safety of the city, for, were it swept away,
87
HISTORICAL SKETCHI.
tides might actually rush into the streets. Encroach- ments of a serious nature have been made, and govern- ment has been more than once applied to for the erection of a suitable guard. A little more than half a century ago, the General Court made a grant of $1,500 which, with the appropriation of a like sum by the town, was sufficient to build a breakwater of plank for about half the length ; and that answered a good purpose for some years, but finally wore away and the sea resumed its de- structive assaults. Great damage was done by a sweep- ing tide in 1830. In October, 1849, during a great storm the sea made a clear breach over in several places ; and again, in 1851, during the furious storm of April 15, when the lighthouse on Minot's Ledge was carried away. The city now awoke to the necessity of imme- diate action. As the most expeditious and cheap plan, they placed a line of the largest red cedars that could be procured in our woods, with branches and foliage all on, along the ridge, working stones, sand, and other sea debris as compactly as possible among them. The storms and the sea themselves soon lent a hand in carrying out the plan, by piling up against the embankment thus begun large quantities of the desired material, and the whole work has been successful to an unanticipated de- gree. Weak points are, however, beginning to appear, and something more certain and substantial should be provided. In August, 1837, Alonzo Lewis made a sur- vey, under the direction of Congress, and submitted a plan for a granite wall, the whole length, which it was
88
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
estimated could then be built for $37,000. Encourage- ment was given that a grant would be made ; but it never was, though it was the very year when the country was so rich that it had to resort to the expedient of dis- tributing among the states the surplus revenue which was a burden on the treasury. It is to be hoped that not many years will elapse before something is done to make Lynn permanently secure from the danger of a sudden submersion ; otherwise, the next Centennial Year may find, if not the " purple mullet and gold fish " roving among her buried remains, perhaps the mackerel and the cod.
A momentary glance, retrospective and immediate, will satisfy any one that people of average means now live far more comfortably, not to say luxuriously, than did those of the same class during the last century, or even the last half of that period. And this remark ap- plies not only to Lynn but to the country generally. American genius for mechanical invention and contriv- ance seemed to be let loose soon after the political shackles had fallen, and has, certainly of late years, been actively disporting itself. In common household affairs what a vast number of devices have been introduced for the saving of labor and relief from drudgery. With the in- troduction of coal the yawning fire-place, with its un- handy trammels and hooks, has disappeared ; and the neat range and cooking-stove have taken its place. The ancient tinder-box, over which the dame and goodman
89
HISTORICAL SKETCHI.
bent of a winter morning, with benumbed fingers essay- ing to coax a vital spark, has been superseded by the ever-ready friction match. Then we have washing ma- chines, wringers, and the hundred other contrivances for the lightening of labor in doors and out, about the farm, the work-shop, the mill.
Of the modes of lighting our dwellings, too, a word may be said. First, there was the pine knot, stuck in a crevice of the chimney. And it was by such a primitive light that the immortal Hooker is said to have penned pages of his profound works. Then came the tallow dips, the whale oil lamps, the illuminating and exploding fluids, the .kerosene, the brilliant gas.
And then as to what may be called public improve- ments : What marked progress has been made in the means of travel. The carly settlers were obliged to journey over roads that wheel carriages could not trav- erse, the obstructions of rock, stump and quagmire rendering them hard for even the equestrian pilgrim. Then better roads were constructed, and wheeled car- riages appeared ; then turnpikes, with stages and bag- gage-wagons ; and lastly the railroad began to shoot out its iron arms through the land. The Eastern Railroad, the first that entered Lynn, was opened in 1838. Then came the street cars, the first in Lynn commencing to run in 1860; and, finally, the narrow gauge Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn steam Railroad, going into op- eration in 1875. As to what improvements will be made in this matter of travel during the century on which we
12
90
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
now enter, it would be rash to venture a prediction ; possibly people may, by its end, be journeying through the air; though not, we trust, with the rapidity with which the electric telegraph, another of those wonderful inventions which mark these latter days, delivers its bur- dens. We love to boast of these amazing evidences of human progress in the arts of life; but then the old question will obtrude itself: Are we better or happier for them ? We certainly are not if they only induce us to lie by and say, "Soul, take thine case." Occupation is as necessary to the health of the mind as exercise to the health of the body. In so far as we are relieved from drudgery and anxiety for the supplying of our bodily wants we are the better off, if the relief results in leading to a higher culture of our superior nature ; but if we are only incited to more lively efforts for the accumu- lation of wealth, we are none the happier, for the power to draw happiness from the mere possession of wealth is not an attribute of human nature. But the world is progressive, or at least changeable, and great changes if not improvements will continue to astonish mankind. New arts will spring up, have their day, and become lost arts ; and so on to the end. And this spirit of unrest is right, right because divinely ordained. The mind is ever reaching on and on, stimulated, perhaps, by glowing phantoms, but ensuring the advance of the species.
Lynn, during her whole history, has been remarkably exempt from extraordinary devastations by fire, flood,
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
pestilence or famine, though she has been in no wise exempt from the common vicissitudes. And she has had a faithful chronicler of all that has occurred within her borders, worthy of note, for more than two hundred years, in her gifted son, ALONZO LEWIS, who during his life was conspicuous for his accomplishments and his eccentrici- ties. But he was called to lay aside the pen, and the writer of this sketch then took up the story, and has en- deavored with the same faithfulness to delineate subse- quent events. He, too, in the common course of human life, must soon close up his record, and will do so in the ardent hope that some more able hand will pursue the work.
Every summer season we find encamped upon some of our outlying plains, or upon the beaches, a few individuals of the now almost extinct INDIAN TRIBES. They pursue the humble occupation of basket making, with some ef- forts at ornamental bead and shell work, and by their small traffic with the visitors who come hither to bathe in the invigorating waters and breathe the pure air, gain a little ready money. But they are poor and dispirited. And we can hardly doubt that before another Centennial Year arrives, the last remnant of those forlorn people will have forever passed away. A little more than two centuries ago the red race called this whole land their own. But where are they now? Receding down the dim vista of time, close on the steps of the mysterious people who preceded them in the occupation of the her-
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
itage. And what will be our fate in the course of coming centuries ? The march of nations is as pauseless as the generations of men. In the stirring words of Ossian : " The chiefs of other times have departed. They have gone without their fame. The people are like the waves of the ocean : like the leaves of woody Morven, they pass away in the rustling blast, and other leaves lift their green heads on high."
1
...
Albertype, Forbes Co.
Collins Photo.
.
VIEW IN LYNN, MASS., 1876. From High Rock, looking southeasterly.
-
de
93
Wlertype Fort a l'u
VIEW IN LYNN, MASS From High Rock, looking Southerly
CHAPTER VI.
Present Aspect of Lynn - Public Buildings-Business Structures - Dwellings -Streets - Drives - Statistical Tables.
Ir will be attempted in this chapter to show as fully as may be the present condition of things among us. And to this end a variety of statistical tables will be in- troduced, which have been carefully prepared and are as full as circumstances would permit. Preliminary to the tables, however, a few remarks are proper.
Till within some twenty-five years Lynn has preserved rather the aspect of a large country village than a com- pact city, the nature of the principal business and the manner of conducting it not demanding extensive ware- houses, workshops, or buildings of any kind ; and the dwellings, generally, though presenting an appearance of thrift and good taste, could claim but little in the way of elegance. The streets, the churches and other public buildings, partook of the same general character. The city form of government was adopted in 1850; and soon a change in appearance became manifest. Though wood is yet chiefly used in the construction of dwellings, even those of the most expensive style, brick has been con-
[93]
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
siderably in demand for erections for business purposes. The necessity for very much larger buildings now than formerly arises from changes in the mode of conducting the business ; changes arising, in their turn, from the in- troduction of machinery in every department of manu- facture. The completion of the new City Hall, in 1867, perhaps more than anything else induced the later efforts in the direction of architectural improvement, especially in our public buildings ; teachings by visible example being often the most effectual.
Our streets are for the most part remarkably level, and kept in good repair, wide enough for all common pur- poses, and with sidewalks most assuredly susceptible of that improvement which year by year they are receiving, and it is hoped will continue to receive, by pavements of brick and asphalt. None of the carriage ways are paved with stones or blocks, in the old style ; but the principal thoroughfares have thick layers of crushed stone, covered by gravel, forming a bed compact and easy for vehicles. The drives everywhere in the suburbs furnish a rich va- riety of woodland and seashore scenery, and many points of historic interest ; and in the warm season, especially, are enlivened by the numbers who resort here during their summer vacations.
The markets are well provided with meats, as our proximity to Boston affords every facility for replenish- ment ; and the gardens and cultivated fields in the out- skirts furnish supplies of excellent fruits and vegetables. And then as to the matter of clothing and personal
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HISTORICAL SKETCHI.
adornment. Our stores are well supplied with every- thing needful ; and more expansive desires may be grat- ified by a visit to the metropolis at little cost of time and money. Much has at times been said about the suffer- ings of local trade, about the cheapness of travel de- pressing home traffic ; but the pertinent question comes, Is the public, as a whole, benefited by these facilities ? There is no condition in life in which individuals may not suffer by the very means which benefit the community at large ; and for one of us to endeavor to obstruct the in- terests of all our neighbors, in pursuance of an advan- tage to ourselves, verges a little on selfishness. But to our tables.
The following are the names of twelve of the early settlers, with the number of voters of the same names, now in Lynn :
Newball 95
Phillips 25
Breed
76
Allen 23
Johnson
54
Collins 23
Lewis
49
Burrill
21
Alley
. 41
Mansfield 18
Ingalls
34
Graves
13
And this has been abont the relative position of the families, with few exceptions, for fifty years - perhaps a much longer pe- riod. Among the leading ones, however, Alley has dropped from the second or third to the fifth. In 1831, Newhall stood at 62," and Breed and Alley both at 44.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
POPULATION.
The Population of Lynn, at the close of the Revolution, was just about 2,000. And to show the after progress, the fol- lowing table is appended, with the prefatory remark that Lynn- field was set off in 1814, Saugus in 1815, Swampscott in 1852 and Nahant in 1853 :
1783
2,000
1800
2,837
1810
4,087
1820
4,515
1830 6,138
1840
9,367
1850
14,257
1860
19,083
1870
28,233
Items from census returns of 1875 :
Total Population
32,600
Males
15,277
Females 17,323
Unmarried Males
8,279
Unmarried Females 8,995
Blind - males, 3, females 17 20
Deaf - males, 64, females 67
131
Paupers - males 40, females 21 . 61
Number above 10 years who can neither read nor write 736
Albertype Forhe's Co.
VIEW IN LYNN, MASS. From High Rock, looking Southwesterly
Collins Photo
...
-
Wertupe. Forbes to.
C'ollins Photo
VIEW IN LYNN, MASS., 1876.
From High Rock, looking westerly
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
VALUATION, POLLS, RATE OF TAXATION, VOTERS.
The City form of government was adopted in 1850. Our pro- gress since that time in some important particulars is illustrated by the following table :
1850
Real Estate. $3,160,515
Personal Estate. $1,674,328
Total. $1,834,843
3,251
Tax per $1,000. $9.00
1855
5,403,852
2,880,797
8,281,649
4,081
7.50
1860
6,291,460
3,357,605
9,649,065
3,933
8.80
1861
6,296,385
2,936,323
9,232,708
3,615
11.20
1862
6,279,541
2,946,097
9,225,768
3,682
11.50
1863
6,298,475
3,155,422
9,153,897
3,768
12.00
1861
6,528,762
2,936,179
9,464,941
3,712
15.00
1865
7,014,008
3,601,998
10,619,006
3,983
20.00
1866
8,892,068
5,853,495
14,745,563
4,668
16.50
1867
9,722,165
5,613,802
15,335,967
5,430
17.60
1868
10,562,962
5,548,837
16,111,799
6,048
16.60
1869
12,515,057
5,849,487
18,361,544
6,584
19.60
1870
14,277,212
6,649,903
20,927,115
6,773
17.20
1871
17,742,993
6,612,633
21,385,626
7,558
19.60
1872
21,102,028
6,461,897
27,563,925
9,174
16.60
1873
21,925,071
5,531,367
27,456,438
8,512
18.40
1874
22,105,574
5,667,539
27,773,113
8,419
16.80
1875
21,930,751
6,117,052
28,077,803
7,960
17.40
1876
19,896,808
6,040,623
25,937,431
8,189
16.80
No. Polls.
The whole number of Voters, in 1875, was 7,713 - Native, 6,638; Naturalized, 1,075.
13
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
VALUE OF WATER WORKS.
Breed's Pond, land and buildings . . $30,306 00
Reservoir and land adjacent . 131,483 00
Main pipes, hydrants, &c. 545,827 00
Engine House and land .
55,113 00
Engine and pumps 63,020 00
Birch Pond 69,887 00
Force main, pipe and land 24,614 00
Meters, boxes, &c.
3,876 00
Workshop and stable
1,600 00
-- $925,726 00
The number of gallons drawn from the City Reservoir, during 1875, was 471,387,756.
VALUE OF CITY PROPERTY.
The Water Works are not included in this valuation :
Total of Real Estate . $959,725 00 'Total of Personal Estate 77,944 88
$1,037,669 88
99
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, CITY DEBT.
The Receipts, Expenditures, and Debt of Lynn, during the time it has been a city, are shown by the following table :
Appro. and Receipts
City Debt.
1850
$15,000 00
Expenditures $36,701 19
March 1, 1851,
$71,398 15
1851
60,657 99
59,120 82
March 1, 1852,
76,600 75
1852
68,212 96
67,631 00
March 1, 1853, 74,550 75
1853
53,518 61
18,711 56
March 1, 1854, 74,500 00
1851
56,875 20
55,512 73
76,950 00 Dec. 30, 1854, Dec. 31, 1855, 86,550 00
1856
75,922 71
75,646 52
Dec. 31, 1856,
102,300 00
1857
78,261 34
77,050 86
Dec. 31, 1857, 112,150 00
1858
68,784 34
68,568 39
Dec. 31, 1858,
109,150 00
1859
88,158 38
82.323 69
Dec. 31, 1859, 107,600 00
1860
110,607 28
101,569 51
Dec. 31, 1860,
123,100 00
1861
133,227 20
112,880 36
Dec. 31, 1861,
172,300 00
1862
239,783 57
197,650 45
Dec. 31, 1862,
210,300 00
1863
234,195 92
195,986 85
Dec. 31, 1863,
281,800 00
1864
325,125 68
287,033 90
Dec. 31, 1864,
355,800 00
1865
331,404 30
263,783 21
Dec. 31, 1865,
378,500 00
1866
115,839 52
360,321 85
Dec. 31, 1866,
130,500 00
1867
523,817 65
153,107 56
Dec. 31, 1867,
607.500 00
1868
395,186 03
369,176 17
Dec. 31, 1868,
707,500 00
1869
177,619 07
477,172 44
Dec. 31. 1869,
803,500 00
1870
521,776 72
.199,583 25
Dec. 31, 1870,
910,000 00
1871 1,055,219 22 1,003,309 56
1872 1,170,057 78 1,020,972 51
Dec. 31, 1871, 1.176,000 00 Dec. 31, 1872, 1,841,000 00 Dec. 31, 1873, 2,212,000 00
1873
881,461 75
858,612 69
1871
720,713 88
662,110 31
Dec. 31, 1871, 2.310,590 00
1875
613,382 81
619,772 11
Dec. 31, 1875, 2,296,000 00
1876
508,708 06
187,068 01
Dec. 31, 1876, 2,256,000 00
1855
65,136 39
64,265 27
As to the Debt, it will not be forgotten that there may be nn- collected taxes and assessments, cash on hand and other items by which it would in a sense be materially reduced. And, as the finances are of peculiar interest, it is thought desirable to here in- sort the tabular statement given in the Inaugural Address of Hon Samuel M. Bubier, Mayor, delivered January 1, 1877 ; the ner-
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
essarily slow passage of our work through the press enabling us so to do :
FUNDED LOAN.
52 per cent. Bonds due March 1, 1879 $60,000
5 per cent. Bonds due Nov. 1, 1882 77,500
6 per cent. Bonds due Feb. 15, 1885 25,000
6 per cent. Bonds due April 1, 1895
70,000
6 per cent. Bonds due April 1, 1896 120,000
7 per cent. Notes due Nov. 20, 1877 . 30,000
7 per cent. Notes due Jan. 15, 1878 50,000
7 per cent. Notes due Sept. 3, 1878 25,000
6 per cent. Notes due Feb. 15, 1887 25,000
6 per cent. Notes due Dec. 1, 1890 100,000
6 per cent. Notes due Dec. 10, 1890 50,000 - $632,500 00
SCHOOL HOUSE LOAN.
6 per cent. Bonds due April 1, 1896 $100,000
6 per cent. Notes due July 1, 1892 50,000
$150,000 00
CITY HALL LOAN.
52 per cent. Notes due Aug. 15, 1884 $10,000
6 per cent. Notes due Aug. 15, 1881 . 10,000
6 per cent. Notes due Aug. 15, 1886 100,000
6 per cent. Notes due Feb. 15, 1887 152,000 -- $302,000 00
WATER LOAN.
6 per cent. Bonds due July 1, 1891 . $300,000
6 per cent. Bonds due July 1, 1894 . 100,000
6 per cent. Bonds due Jan 1, 1896 50,000
7 per cent. Notes due July 1, 1878. 250,000
7 per cent. Notes due July 1, 1878 50,000
7 per cent. Notes due July 1, 1878. 50,000
6 per cent. Notes due July 1, 1885 . 21,500
6 per cent. Notes due Dec. 1, 1890 100,000
$921,500 00
101
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
TEMPORARY LOAN.
4 per cent. Notes due Feb. 1, 1877 $150,000
3 per cent. Notes due June 1, 1877 25,000
63 per cent. Notes due Nov. 2, 1877 50,000
5 per cent. Notes due April 29, 1877 25,000
$250,000 00
RECAPITULATION.
Funded Loan, Bonds and Notes . $632,500
School House Loan, Bonds and Notes . 150,000
City IIall Loan, Bonds and Notes 302,000
Water Loan, Bonds and Notes 921,500
Temporary Loan, Notes 250,000
-- $2,256,000 00
Balance of City Hall Sinking Fund . $106,048 11 Balance of City Debt Sinking Fund . 60,421 90
Cash on hand . 26,592 28
Value of Uncollected Taxes 188,030 24
Tax Deeds
48,901 72
Due and allowed on State Aid 17,000 00
Sewerage Assessments due 8,500 00
$455,494 25
Gross Total Debt
$1,800,505 75
102
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
CITY EXPENDITURES.
The following items, relating to the year 1875, will perhaps give as fair idea of the ordinary purposes for which money is ap- propriated, and the relative amounts, as can be done. But such items vary much from year to year :
Abatement of Taxes $32,698 88
Board of Health
47 59
City Hall Expenses 6,197 02
City Ilall Sinking Fund
8,000 00
City Debt Sinking Fund
12,000 00
City Debt Reduction .
24,500 00
Contingencies .
19,891 67
Drainage
15,212 82
Fire Department .
41,771 48
Highway Department
48,265 21
Interest Account
158,637 87
Introduction of Water
28,477 43
Laying Out and Altering Streets
5,469 96
Lighting Streets
9,820 35
Poor Department
50,472 08
Public Grounds
834 47
Public Library
5,000 00
Police Department .
25,088 18
Pine Grove Cemetery
5,000 00
Printing and Stationery
2,741 52
School Department
98,413 15
Salaries
20,397 05
Sidewalks and Street Crossings
775 38
- - $619,772 11
103
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
VITAL STATISTICS, 1876.
Number of Births during the year, about 800.
Number of Marriages, 321.
Number of Deaths, 717.
The following table will be found interesting, as showing the kinds of disease most prevalent here - this year, 1876, probably furnishing a fair average :
Causes of Death.
Males. F'm'l's. Tot.
Abscess
1
1
Accident
11
8
19
Apoplexy
2
1
3
Asthma .
2
2
Bilious Fever
1
1
2
Bronchitis .
1
4
5
Cancer
5
6
11
Canker
4
3
7
Childbirth
5
5
Cholera Infantum
23
27
50
Cholera Morbus
1
2
3
Congestion of Lungs
4
2
6
Consumption
55
60
115
Convulsions
2
4
6
Cronp
3
2
5
Delirium Tremens
2
2
Diarrhea
1
1
Diphtheria
50
71
121
Disease of Brain
7
5
12
Disease of Heart
13
9
13
Disease of Liver
3
5
Disease of Spine
1
3
Disease of Stomach
1
1
Dropsy
5
9
14
5
14
Disease of Bowels
Disease of Kidneys
5
104
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
(VITAL STATISTICS - CONTINUED.)
Causes of Death.
Males. F'm'l's. Tot.
Dysentery .
1
3
Erysipelas .
1
1
Hæmorhage of Lungs
· 1
1
Ilip Disease
2
2
Ilydrocephalus
1
2
3
Infantile and Premature
11
10
21
Insanity
3
3
Measles
3
4
7
Meningitis
2
3
5
Old Age
8
19
27
Paralysis
5
5
10
Pluritis
2
2
Pneumonia
18
19
37
Prostatilis
1
1
Rheumatism
2
2
4
Scarlet Fever
2
4
6
Scrofula .
2
2
Small Pox .
5
5
Still Born
27
18
45
Stricture of Rectum
1
1
Teething
2
6
8
Typhoid Fever
5
5
10
Unknown
28
29
57
Whooping Cough
7
1
8
Totals
346
371
717
ANCIENT SCHOOL-HOUSE.
---
21.1
-
Collins Photo
Allertype, Forbes ( o
COBBET SCHOOL-HOUSE, LYNN, MASS.
1873
.
1
105
HISTORICAL SKETCHI.
SCHOOLS.
Two or three of the finest and most expensive buildings in the city were erected for school purposes. The Cobbet School House, on Franklin street, and the Ingalls, on Essex street, both com- pleted in 1872, are among the best in the state. Women were elected as members of the School Committee, for the first time, Dec. 12, 1870. The following will be sufficient to show the present condition of educational matters here. The statistics relate to 1875, and to none but the public day schools :
Whole number of schools - Primary, 51 ;
Grammar, 7 ; Iligh, 1) 59
Number of Pupils 4,78S
Average attendance 4,212
Amount expended for each child between 5
and 15 years old $16 43
Number of Teachers - ( Male, 7; Female, 101) . 10S
Whole amount appropriated - grant of City and receipts $107,812,97
Teachers' Salaries 71,955 49
Committee's Services . 1,041 55
Valne of School Buildings 462,000 00
As a brief statement touching the character of our public schools, it may be said that in the Grammar schools youth may be fitted for all the common demands of business life, and lay a fon- dation on which can afterwards be built such a superstructure as educational ambition may desire. The studies in the High school appear by the following table :
14
106
HISTORICAL SKETCII.
COURSE OF STUDY AT LYNN HIGH SCHOOL.
Classical Department.
English Department.
First Term. Summer.
Algebra. History. Latin.
Algebra. History. Eng. Gram'r with written ex.
Second Term. Fall.
Algebra. Ilistory. Latin.
Algebra. Ilistory. Physical Geography.
Third Term. Winter.
Algebra. Natural Philosophy. Latin.
Algebra. Natural Philosophy. Physical Geography.
Fourth Term. Spring.
Geometry.
Natural Philosophy. Latin.
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