USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Lynn > Centennial memorial of Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts > Part 7
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Geometry. Natural Philosophy. Book-Keeping.
First Term.
Geometry. Chemistry.
Summer.| Latin.
Geometry. Chemistry. Book-Keeping.
Second Term. Fall.
Geometry. Chemistry. Latin.
Geometry. Chemistry. Etymology.
Thirl Term.
Trigonometry or Rhetoric. Geology. Latin.
Trigonometry. Geology. Etymology and Composition.
Fourth Term. Spring.
Surveying or Rhetoric. Physiology. Latin.
Surveying. Physiology. Rhetoric.
First Term.
Botany.
French.
Summer. Latin.
Second
Astronomy. French.
Astronomy. French. Constitution of United States.
Third English Literature. French.
Torm.
Winter.
Latin.
English Literature. French. Astronomy.
Fourth
Term.
Spring.
English Literature. French. Latin.
Astronomy and French. English Literature. Milton or Shakspeare.
Pupils fitting for college will take the classical course of the first year. Afterwards in Latin, Caesar's Commentaries (Chase and Stuart's Series). Virgil, Latin, Prose Composition. In Greek, Greek Lessons an | Gram- mar, Anabasis, Greek Prose Composition, Iliad (three books), Mitchell's Ancient and Modern Geography.
SECOND YEAR.
THIRD YEAR.
Term.
Fall.
Latin.
Botany. French. Rhetoric.
Winter.
FIRST YEAR.
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HISTORICAL SKETCII.
FIRES, FIRE DEPARTMENT, INSURANCE.
Lynn, during her whole history, has been almost singularly free from disastrous fires. The two most destructive ones took place, one on Market street, on the night of Christmas day, 1868, involving a loss of some $300,000, and the other on Munroe street, on the night of Jan. 25, 1869, involving a loss of about $170,000. But the average yearly loss has been small. In 1875, which was perhaps a year of fair average, there were fifty-nine alarms, a few of such trifling account as to be classed as false. The total loss was $11,179.00. Insurance, $9,801.00. Loss above insurance, $1,378.00.
The Fire Department is organized in a satisfactory manner, and much commended for its efficiency. There are four Steam Fire Engines, with hose, hooks, ladders, and every other necessary equipment. An Electric Fire Alarm is attached to church bells in the different neighborhoods, and Chemical Hand Extinguishers are provided.
The people very generally keep well insured against loss by fire. The custom of insuring in the great companies that abound in the large cities, many of which have agencies here, render local asso- ciations in a great degree unnecessary. The Lynn Mutual Fire Insurance Company was established in 1828, and has continued in remarkably successful operation. At the present time it has at risk property to the amount of $1,500,000. The Saugus Mutual Fire Insurance Company, incorporated in 1852, also has a large amount at risk in Lynn.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
Mayors,
With the Dates of their Inauguration.
1850. May 14. George Hood.
1851. April 7. George Hood.
1852. June 16. Benj. F. Mudge.
1853. April 4. Daniel C. Baker.
1851. April 3. T. P. Richardson.
1855. Jan. 1.
Andrews Breed.
1855. Gilbert Hawkes.
1856. Jan. 7. Ezra W. Mudge.
1857 Jan. 5. Ezra W. Mudge.
1857. Edward S. Davis.
1858. Jan. 4. Wm. F. Johnson.
1859 Jan. 3.
Edward S. Davis.
1860. Jan. 2.
Edward S. Davis.
1860. Noah Robinson.
1861. Jan. 7.
Iliram N. Breed.
1861. George II. Chase.
1863. George H. Chase.
1863. Jan. 5.
Peter M. Neal.
1863.
Jesse L. Attwill,
1864. Jan. 4. Peter M. Neal.
1861.
Jesse L. Attwill.
1865. Jan. 2.
Peter M. Neal.
1865. Jesse L. Attwill.
1866. Jan. 1.
Roland1 G. Usher.
1866. Jesse L. Attwill.
1867. Jan. 7.
Roland G. Usher.
1868. Jan. 6. Roland G. Usher.
1869. Jan. 4. James N. Buffum.
1870. Jan. 3.
Edwin Walden.
1870. Nathan M. Hawkes.
1871. Jan. 2.
Edwin Walden.
1871. Bowman B. Breed.
1872. Nathan M. Hawkes.
1872. Jan. 1,
James N. Buffum.
1873. Jan. 6. Jacob M. Lowis.
187.1. Jan. 5. Jacob M. Lewis.
1875. Jan. 4. Jacob M. Lewis.
1875. George D. Whittle.
1876.
Jan. 3. Jacob M. Lewis.
| Presidents of the Common Council,
With the Years in which they were Elected.
1850. Daniel C. Baker.
1851. James R. Newhall.
1852.
Edward S. Davis.
1853. Edward S. Davis.
1854. Gustavus Attwill.
1856. Edward S. Davis.
1858. Edwin Q. Bacheller.
1859. Nathan Clark.
1802. Jan. 6.
Peter M. Neal.
1867. Theodore Attwill.
1868. Theodore Attwill.
1869. Nathan M. Hawkes.
1873. Bowman B. Breed .*
1874. William C. Holder.
1876. George T. Newhall.
* Dr. Breed died Dec. 16, and Ezra Baker was elected President for the remainder of the year.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
CHIEF OFFICERS OF THE CITY,
SINCE ITS INCORPORATION.
Year.
City Clerks.
City Treasurers.
Ezra W. Mudge.
Ezra W. Mudge.
1852-3.
1853-1.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.
Benj. II. Jones.
1863.
Benj. H. Jones.
1864.
Benj. II. Jones. Benj. II. Jones.
1866.
Beni. II. Jones. Benj. II. Jones.
1868.
Benj. H. Jones.
1869.
Benj. II. Jones.
IS70.
1871.
Benj. II. Jones. Benj. II. Jones. Benj. II. Jones.
1872.
1873.
Benj. HI. Jones.
1571.
Benj. H. Jones.
1875.
Benj. II. Jones.
1876.
Chas. E. Parsons.
William Bassett. William Bassett. William Bassett. William Bassett. William Bassett. William Bassett. William Bassett. William Bassett. Elbridge Lovejoy Elbridge Lovejoy Elbridge Lovejoy Elbridge Lovejoy Warren Newhall. Warren Newhall. Geo. D. Whittle. Geo. D. Whittle. Charles F. Patch. Thos. B. Knight. Thos. B. Knight. Thos. B. Knight.
City Marshals.
1850-1.
1851-2.
William Bassett. William Bassett. William Bassett. Charles Merritt.
Ezra W. Mudge.
Caleb M. Long. Caleb M. Long. J. A. Thurston. J. A. Thurston. James Stone.
J. A. Thurston. Timothy Munroe.
James Patch. James Patch. James Patch. J. A. Thurston. James Dillon. J. A. Thurston.
James Stone. James Stone. Dan'l N. Barrett. Dan'l N. Barrett A. G. Shepherd. A. G. Shepherd. A. G. Shepherd. A. G. Shepherd. Dan'l N. Barrett. Dan'l N. Barrett. Dan'l N. Barrett. Edward P. Allen.
Charles Il. Kent.
Charles II. Kent.
1867.
Ephi'm A. Ingalls. Ephi'm A. Ingalls. Benj. II. Jones.
1865.
Charles Merritt. John Batchelder. Charles Merritt. Charles Merritt. Charles Merritt.
Ezra W. Mudge. Ezra W. Mudge. Ezra W. Mudge. William Bassett.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
POLICE COURT.
This Court was established in 1849. Number of Criminal cases entered in 1875, 741 ; of Civil cases, 870.
JUSTICES.
1849. Thomas B. Newhall. 1866. James R. Newhall
SPECIAL JUSTICES.
1849. Benjamin F. Mudge. 1849. James R. Newhall.
1867. Nathan M. Ilawkes. 1872. Rollin E. Harmon.
CLERKS.
1849. Thomas B. Newhall. 1862. Ilenry C. Oliver.
ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.
This venerable organization was formed in 1638, for the purpose of discipline in military tactics. The following are the names of the members from Lynn :
1638. Ballard, William. 1643. 1645. Coldam, Clement.
1638. Hewes, Joseph.
1638. Howe, Daniel (Lient.)
1648. Cole, John.
1638. Tomlins, Edward. 1652. Hutchinson, Samuel.
1638. Turner, Nathaniel.
1694. Baker, Thomas.
1638. Walker, Richard.
1717.
Gray, Benjamin.
1639. Bennet, Samuel.
1821. Robinson, Robert.
1822. Breed, Daniel N.
1640. Marshall, Thomas.
1822. Johnson, George.
1641. Bridges, Robert.
1822. Neal, Ebenezer.
1641. Humfrey, John, jr.
1851. Usher, Roland G.
1641. Otley, Adam.
1860. Fay, Richard S. jr.
1642. Wood, John.
Smith, Benjamin.
1640. Humfrey, John.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
POST OFFICE.
The Lynn Post Office was established in 1795, before which time the people went to Boston for their mail matter. It was first kept on Boston street, corner of North Federal. The names of the Postmasters follow :
1795. James Robinson. 1812. Thomas B. Newhall.
1802. Ezra Hitchings. 1813. Benjamin Mudge.
1803. Samuel Mulliken. 1819. Abner Austin.
1807. Elijah Downing. 1853. Jeremiah C. Stickney.
1808. Jonathan Bacheller.
1858. Leonard B. Usher.
1829. Jeremiah C. Stickney.
1861. George II. Chase.
1839. Thomas J. Marsh.
1841. Stephen Oliver.
1869. John Batchelder.
RAILROADS AND TELEGRAPH.
1838. Eastern Railroad - steam.
1860. Lynn and Boston Railroad - horse.
1874. Lynn Street Railway - horse.
1875. Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad - narrow gange - steam.
1858. Electric Telegraph established.
MILITARY.
The military of the City consists of three full and well-disci- plined Infantry Companies - the Lynn Light Infantry, the City Guards, and the Wooldredge Cadets.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
The twenty-six Religious Societies of Lynn stand denomina- tionally as follows :
Methodist, (1 African) 7
Protestant Episcopal . 2
Baptist 5
Congregational ( Unitarian) 1
Congregational (Trinitarian) . 4 Friends 1
Roman Catholic
2 Second Advent 1
Universalist 2
Christian 1
BENEVOLENT, LITERARY, REFORMATORY, AND OTIIER SOCIETIES.
MASONIC INSTITUTIONS - five in number, embracing in the ag- gregate some 450 members.
LYNN FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY. Number of volumes, 21,650. Yearly delivery of books, about 75,000. A City institution.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Number of members, 440.
ODD FELLOWS' INSTITUTIONS-four in number, with a membership of 1,000 males and about 100 females. Odd Fellows' HIall, on Market street, corner of Summer, one of the finest and most ex- pensive buildings ever erected in Lynn, was dedicated on Mon- day, Oct. 7, 1872, the corner stone having been laid June 12, 1871.
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS - two lodges, embracing in all 372 mem- bers.
KNIGHTS OF ST. CRISPIN - one lodge, with a membership of 2,500.
LYNN CITY MISSION -commenced in 1872 - supported by the churches and individual contributions.
LYNN CHORAL UNION -a musical organization with some 225 members.
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC - Post No. 5- 300 members.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
LYNN HOME FOR AGED WOMEN - incorporated Feb. 6, 1874. Its object is to provide for the support of aged indigent females, not otherwise provided for.
LYNN HOSPITAL. - formally opened March 31, 1875.
TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES - six principal organizations, with an aggregate membership of about 2,000.
MUTUAL BENEFIT SOCIETIES. There are six of these useful asso- ciations, formed for mutual aid in cases of sickness, and for con- tribution for the relief of families of deceased members. The ag- gregate membership is about 5,000.
LADIES' BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. There are several of these, under different names, each having its own sphere of action, and all active in the relief of suffering among those who are not so readily reached by other means. The " Lynn Female Benevolent So- ciety " was organized in 1814, and the "Lynn Female Fragment Society" in 1820.
BANDS OF MUSIC, (military ) - four in number, named Lynn Brass Band, Lynn Cornet Band, Union Band, and Wyoma Brass Band.
Then we have the LYNN YACHT CLUB, the character of which is indicated by its name ; the LYNN EDITORS' AND PRINTERS' ASSOCIA- TION; the LYNN MEDICAL SOCIETY, and a multitude of minor associa- tions formed for various purposes of social intercourse and char- itable work, which it would be tedious to individualize, the above being sufficiently suggestive for the present purpose.
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1
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
BANKS.
Lynn has three Banks for discount and deposit and two for savings, namely :
FIRST NATIONAL, incorporated in 1814, as Mechanics Bank. Capital, $500,000.
CENTRAL NATIONAL, incorporated in 1849, as Laighton Bank Capital, $200,000.
NATIONAL CITY, incorporated in 1854, as City Bank. Capital, $300,000.
LYNN INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS, incorporated in 1826. Deposits, about $1,800,000. Number of depositors, about 5,450.
LYNN FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK, incorporated in 1855. De- posits, some $1,700,000. Number of depositors, 8,200.
SHOE BUSINESS.
Number of pairs made last year 10,047,200
Aggregate value . $12,559,000
Number of manufacturers 176
The above is perhaps sufficient for our present purpose, as this, the principal part of our home industry, is spoken of somewhat at large elsewhere. We are aware that these amounts disagree with the State returns, but if not exact, they are as near the truth as careful inquiries and estimates can make them.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
NEWSPAPERS.
Lynn Semi-weekly Reporter, $4.50 per year, established in 1851. Lynn Transcript, weekly, $2.00 per year, established in 1867. Lyun Record, weekly, $2.00 per year, established in 1872. Lynn City Item, weekly, $1.00 per year, established in 1876. The Vindicator, weekly, $2.00 per year, established in 1876.
The first newspaper in Lynn was commenced in 1826. Since which date quite a number have lived and died. From the vigor of the five now in existence, however, it may reasonably be pre- dicted that they are destined to long lives. They all rank as in- dependent, in religion and politics.
STATISTICAL ITEMS.
Number of Streets, Courts and Squares, 438. Aggregate length of streets, between 90 and 100 miles,
Number of Families, 7,467.
Number of Dwellings, 5,667.
Prodnets of Industry-Manufactures and Fisheries, $20,876,396, Agriculture, $88,311. Total, $20,961,707.
Libraries-Free Public, 1 ; private circulating, 4 ; association,
1 ; Sunday school, 19. Total, 25.
Grocery Stores, 110. Clergymen, 32. Physicians - male, 30, female, 7. Total, 37.
Lawyers, 17. Printing Offices, 10. Photograph Establishments, 7.
CHAPTER VII.
General Remarks - Biographical Sketches of Alonzo Lewis and James R. Newhall - Chronological Table of Important and In- teresting Events since the First Settlement of Lynn,
BY the foregoing statistical details, perhaps as good an idea of the present condition of things in Lynn may be obtained as by any other means. And in drawing this imperfect sketch to a close, but little further is to be said. An attempt has been made to show something of the character and condition of the carly settlers, the perils to which they were exposed, and the heroism with which they met them, the privations which they suffered and the patience with which they were endured. With occasionally somewhat long strides we have followed the generations down to the present Centennial Year of the Republic, showing something of what has been done by the sons and daughters of Lynn for the advancement of the nation in the various departments of human pro- gress. We would not be over-boastful, though to have a lively sense of one's own worth may not be reprehen- sible if unaccompanied by depreciation of others. But let us now, at this interesting period of our history, se-
[116]
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
riously ask if we have faithfully acquitted ourselves. Have we contributed, as we should, to the nation's honor, fame, greatness? Have we been truc to our trust, the trust of one talent if so it be? I think our record is fair. In the cheerless days of the Indian conflicts, in the trying ones of the Revolution, in the later wars, Lynn, we have seen, has not been wanting in her con- tributions of men and money. And above all, in the great conflict with our erring brethren at the South, she did more than her duty, if that were possible. But the successes of war, though more dazzling than those of peace, cannot be so direetly beneficial to mankind, for wars are always demoralizing, and it often requires gen- erations to heal the moral wounds they produce ; hence it well becomes a christian people, while exulting in their victories, to lament their necessity.
Turning, now, from the martial field, let it be asked, Have we honorably acquitted ourselves in the political duties of a free people-in the support of honest men as rulers, of honest measures in the various departments of government? Have we faithfully discharged those pecuniary obligations, in the form of taxation, reason- ably required for the maintenance of law and order, and otherwise borne our part in the support of measures es- tablished for the protection and thrift of us all? Mean indeed are those selfish few, who, while enjoying the benefits of good government, are unwilling to share in the burdens necessary for its support. Have such of us as have been elevated to offices of trust endeavored to
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
act only as becomes the true lover of his country, or has our patriotism been of that spurious kind which is lim- ited to the certainty of emolument ?
The grand Centennial Exhibition now in progress at Philadelphia will show something of our achievements in industrial occupations ; but in the more important prov- ince of moral and intellectual attainment, how do we really stand ? If we have not acted our part well, let the coming generations take heed from our failure, so that, when another Centennial Year arrives, a better ac- count may be rendered.
Could one of the little band of settlers who first en- tered upon this goodly heritage come forth from his unknown resting place, and contemplate our achieve- ments in the various material pursuits of human life, how unbounded would be his amazement. Our steam- driven machinery, our railroads, our telegraphs, and other magnificent results of attainment in scientific knowledge, and skill in mechanical appliances, would astonish him. But would his interest end here ? By no means. Re- ligion was a leading purpose of his coming, and that would be uppermost in his estimate. Would he be shocked at our recession from the old faith ? Or would he see in the various institutions of which we are so proud - our institutions for the relief of human suffering in every form, for the advancement of knowledge in every department, for the recovery of man's nobler at- tributes from the dominion of the sensual and devilish - that which would force him to the conclusion that the faith
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HISTORICAL SKETCII.
of which such things are born cannot be vain ? And would he, think you, after taking his brief but comprehensive view -his view of our physical economy, our material progress and attainment, our moral and intellectual status-congratulate us as free, liberal, and progressive, or would he turn back to his sepulchral home, mourning over unfaithfulness, inconsistency and worldliness ?
It is a touching if not a melancholy thought, that when another Centennial Year shall dawn, not one of all the thousands who breathe the vital air of these free hills, yea, of all the tens of millions who occupy this fa- vored land, will be upon the face of the earth. Not one ? Nay, possibly here and there a hoary-headed cen- tennarian may be found tottering just on the confines of the unknown land, impatient to pass within the veil and be at rest.
When the issuing of the present volume was deter- mined on, and the suggestion to insert portraits adopted, it was proposed that the likenesses should be confined to the Mayors. Had the scope of the volume permitted, it would have been desirable to introduce those of other individuals who have added to the prosperity or fame of our city ; but a selection such as any one, however honest and fair, could possibly make, would in some in- stances have been regarded as invidious. The Com- mittee of the Council who had the matter in charge, however, desired to so far transcend the suggested limit
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HISTORICAL SKETCHI.
as to insert the likenesses of the "two Historians." as they were pleased to call them. The fitness of intro- ducing that of Mr. Lewis could not be questioned ; andl as to the other, it will readily be perceived that under the circumstances deference should be paid to the flattering request of the Committee. It is often the case that the less we know of a man the higher he stands in our estimation ; and a little mystery is pretty sure to mag- nify. Nevertheless, very few who are long in this world pass such barren lives that no passages of interest or real benefit are afforded. And not unfrequently is it the case that the lessons to be drawn from the lives of those in the humbler walks are the most widely useful, because the great multitude are companions in those walks, and can the more fully perceive the snares and obstacles to be avoided. But these remarks are general, and have no special reference to the matter in hand ; so let us pro- ceed with our allotted task.
Hanse Señas.
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
ALONZO LEWIS.
Mr. Lewis was born in Lynn on the 28th of Au- gust, 1794, in the modest little dwelling still standing on Boston street, nearly opposite Bridge. He was a son of Zachariah Lewis, who could trace his lineage to an early settler ; and his mother, whose mailen name was Mary HIalson, appears to have descended from the family of Henry Hudson, the distingaishe I English nav- igator, whose name is perpetuated in the noble river which contributes so largely to the riches of New York, and in the stormy bay of the icy north.
Though not a college graduate, Mr. Lewis had many educational accomplishments ; and as early as his eight- eenth year was qualified to take charge of a district school ; and in such a school, at Chester, N. H., he then began his career as a teacher. In after life he writes : " I commenced the profession of school teacher from the love of it, an'l devotel all my energies to its alvan?e- ment." After teaching in one or two other places, we find him, in 1823, preceptor of Lynn Academy ; in which position, however, he did not long remain. Sab- sequently, for twelve years, he taught in our public schools, and then found it expe.lient to turn his attention to other parsuits. In the capreity of surveyor anl civil engineer his services were much in demand, from his promptness and accuracy ; and as an architect he dis- played good taste and facility in the preparation of plans.
IG
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
Teaching and surveying may, indeed, be set down as the occupations of his life, though as a writer he was fre- quently employed.
He early directed his attention to historical studies, especially such as pertained to his native place. Many hours of those usually devoted by others of his profes- sion to recreation, perhaps many that should have been devoted to rest, he employed in his favorite investiga- tions ; and for his success in rescuing from the tide that so relentlessly sweeps on to oblivion so much that is inter- esting and valuable to us, is deserving of being forever held in grateful remembrance. The first edition of his History of Lynn was published in 1829, the second in 1844, and the third, with a continuation from the last date, by the writer of this sketch, in 1865. It would be useless to attempt here an extended notice of his labors in this direction, the result having so long been before the public.
Mr. Lewis was also a poet of no ordinary ability, and widely known as the " Lynn Bard." As carly as 1823 he published a volume which was well received by the public, and by the press highly commended. Another edition, with so many additions as perhaps to entitle it to be called a new work, appeared in 1831, in a duo- decimo volume of 208 pages. Besides these, occasional pieces from his pen graced various periodicals of the day. To his poetical conceptions are to be attributed many of the expressive names by which the romantic and pic- turesque localities within our borders are now known ; and most of our older streets are designated by names suggested by him. IIe likewise published a map of the town, and with great labor prepared a plan of the Na- hant lots, as anciently laid out, a plan which has proved
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HISTORICAL SKETCHI.
of very great value, in these later years, when lands there have so increased in price. In view of his useful labors, there and elsewhere, the town granted him, many years ago, for a nominal sum, a considerable tract, which from his survey appeared to be overplus or without an owner; and from this he might have realizeil quite a Sum. In a quiet way he made a great many suggestions which resulted beneficially, and many a day did he de- vote to the service of the public, perhaps unasked, and without a thought of claiming pecuniary reward. In- deed he was one of those, whom we occasionally meet, who seem willing to be useful from a higher motive than personal recompense ; and had it not been for certain eccentricities of temper, that occasionally made him an uncomfortable companion, he would have lived in the high- est esteem of others and with more satisfaction to himself.
It was mainly through the efforts of Mr. Lewis that the lighthouse on Egg Rock was erected, in 1856. The carriage road to Nahant, along the harbor side of the beach, was constructed under his supervision, in 1848. The city scal was engraved from a drawing made by him. And other matters of a public character, like these, some of which have been named in previous pages, might be alluded to as indications of his watchfulness and interest in things about him.
The worldly condition of Mr. Lewis was not always pros- perous, if his own statements were fully accepted ; yet his income for the period covered by his services as teach- er, at least, was sufficient to supply all common wants. The truth is that, like many others of genins, he was quite unable to bring his mind to the exact reckoning of expenditure and gain necessary for thrift under circum- stances like his. And his occasional hasty complaints
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HISTORICAL SKETCH.
about suffering actual want are rather to be regarded as the imaginings of a sensitive mind, depressed and weary of buffetings. There was a strong religious element in his character, though he was rather given to denomina- tional change. For the principal part of his manhood, however, he was strongly attached to the Episcopal church, and did much to sustain its early foothold in Lynn. In 1833 he applied for admission as a candidate for holy orders, and his testimonials were signed by the standing committee of the Diocese ; but he does not ap- pear to have pursued his intention.
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