USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Newburyport > City Officers and the Annual Reports to the City Council of Newburyport 1882 > Part 14
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$44 18
OCTOBER.
S. H. Thurlow, nails 2 43
Albert Titcomb, lumber. 10 87
T. H. Lunt, labor on culverts 2 75
Albert Titcomb, spruce pickets.
3 79
Cornelius Lynch, services rendered.
13 50
$33 34
NOVEMBER.
Thomas G. Dodge, labor on culverts
2 50
Cornelius Lynch, .6 7 50
$10 00
260
TREASURER'S REPORT.
DECEMBER.
Thomas Ronan, jr., mason work on culverts
1 50
Thurston & Colman, lumber and cement 12 89
John Hale, labor on culverts
6 75
Thomas G. Dodge, labor on culverts
3 00
$24 14
RECAPITULATION.
On Newburyport Bridge.
On Essex Merri- mac Bridge
January
160 84
1 25
On Cnlverts. $36 15
February
40 70
1 00
3 50
March.
63 46
8 50
April
54 50
May
73 61
June.
63 96
6 00
14 25
July
53 25
51 62
August.
74 80
33 12
September
50 00
44 18
October
58 94
33 34
November
56 82
10 00
December
73 69
24 14
$824 57
$16 75
$250 30
261
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Appropriation . $1,200 00
CREDITS.
From Newbury for use of library for 1881 .. 207 67
Librarian for fines 8 60
Dog licenses
389 70
Librarian for fines 6 00 611 97
1,811 97
Amount overdrawn transferred from incidentals to balance account 428 28
Expenditures. .$2,240 25
EXPENDITURES.
Authorized by the City Council .! JANUARY.
M. P. Lunt, salary as superintendent of Reading room. 23 33
George E. Donnels, janitor of library building. 75 00
William H. Huse & Co., printing and advertising 8 25
Daniel T. Colby & Co., 4 00
Charles J. Brockway, examining library
20 00
$130 58
FEBRUARY.
Miss M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
H. A. Tenney, salary as librarian 166 66
Gillett & Co., expressing. 10 45
William E. Chase, insurance 130 50
Patrick Niland, shoveling
4 50
$335 44
MARCH.
William H. Huse & Co., printing and advertising 122 00
M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
H. A. Tenney. services as librarian 90 07
$235 40
33
262
TREASURER'S REPORT.
APRIL.
Albert Currier, cash paid for cleaning library $ 8 12
Philip H. Blumpey, brushes. 2 85
Patrick Niland, shoveling snow 3 75
Hiram A. Tenney, salary as librarian 83 33
M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
25
Lovett's Express, expressing .
E. S. Thurston, arranging alcove 19 37
21 87
Harriet E. Jones, arranging books
$162 87
MAY.
W. C. Putney, expressing $2 15
Gillett & Co., expressing . 8 85
Alanson Ordway, repairing books 3 60
Miss M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room.
23 33
Hiram A. Tenney, services librarian. 83 33
M. C. Tecl & Son, advertising. 3 00
P. F. VanEveren, library supplies 24 00
$148 26
JUNE.
H. A. Tenney, services as librarian $ 88 83
William H. Huse & Co., printing cards, &c. 57 00
C. H. Johnson, records. 22 00
Reuben Hoyt, reseating chairs. 3 75
New England School Supply Co., school supplies
3 25
M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
Putney's Express, expressing . . . 1 35
E. S. Thurston, services in library . 20 50
Harriet E. Jones, 20 50
$240 51
JULY.
H. A. Tenney, services as librarian $ 89 33
Estes & Lauriat, binding books. 68 50
Plummer & Fogg. expressing 1 55
M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
$182 71
263
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
AUGUST.
Plummer & Fogg, expressing $ 3 10
Plummer & Fogg. 6: 1 10
Hiram A. Tenney, salary as librarian 83 33
M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
George E. Donnells, services as janitor 112 50
Ward & Gay, 200 envelopes 3 00
Carr, Brown & Co., binding books 7 75
Newton Paper Bag Co., paper 23 55
William H. Huse & Co., printing
5 75
$263 41
SEPTEMBER.
Hiram A. Tenney, salary as librarian. $ 83 33
Miss M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
$106 66
OCTOBER.
Plummer & Fogg, expressing . $ 30
William E. Chase, insurance . 62 50
Hiram A. Tenney, salary as librarian 88 07
M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
S. H. Thurlow, wrench, hammer and saw 2 65
Estate of H. T. Crofoot, binding books. 28 19
$205 04
NOVEMBER.
Hiram A. Tenney, services as librarian
$ 83 33
Miss M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room 23 33
Gillett & Co. Express, expressing 10 25
$116 91
DECEMBER.
M. P. Lunt, superintendent of reading room $ 23 33
Charles H. Johnson. envelopes and pencils. 4 26
Charles L. Davis, two quarts alcohol 1 50
Hiram A. Tenney, services as librarian 83 37
$112 46
264
TREASURER'S REPORT.
RECAPITULATION.
Bills paid in January
$ 130 58
February
335 44
March
235 40
April
162 87
May
148 2
66
June.
240 51
66
July .
182 71
August
263 41
September
106 66
66
October
205 04
November
116 91
December
112 46
Total expenditures for year ending Dec. 16, 1882. $2,240 25
265
NOTES PAYABLE.
NOTES PAYABLE.
Amount outstanding December 17, 1881 . . $64,186 00
Notes issued in 1882 as follows, viz :
No. 304
2,500 00
305
4,000 00
306.
3,000 00
307
3,500 00
308.
7,500 00
309
12,000 00
310
192 00
311
13,000 00
312.
12,000 00
313
25,000 00
314.
2,026 08
315.
742 50
316.
9,000 00
317.
10,000 00
318.
2,000 00
$170,646 58
Notes paid during 1882 as follows, viz :
No. 308, Merchants National Bank. 7,500 00
307,
. 3,500 00
305, 66 4,000 00
250, Rebecca J. Morgan 9,000 00
311, Frederick S. Moseley
13,000 00
310, Abigail Young,
192 00
304, John Gorwaiz.
2,500 00
303, Order G. W. Piper, city treas .
2,000 00
306, 3,000 00
317, Merchants National Bank. 10,000 00
309, Frederick S. Moseley 12,000 00
313, 66 25,000 00
312, 12,000 00
302, Trustees of the Horton Fund .. 405 00
104,097 00
Amount outstanding December 16, 1882 $66.549 58
266
TREASURER'S REPORT.
EXPENDITURES.
Authorized by the City Council. MAY.
Note No. 305
$4,000 00
JUNE.
Note No. 308
7,500 00
307 . .
3,500 00
$11,000 00
SEPTEMBER.
Note No. 250
$ 9.000 00
OCTOBER.
Note No. 303
2,000 00
304
2,500 00
311
13,000 00
310
192 00
$17,692 00
NOVEMBER.
Note No. 306
3,000 00
309
12,000 00
312 12,000 00
313
25,000 00
66 317
10.000 00
$62,000 00
DECEMBER.
Note No. 302. .$ 405 00
RECAPITULATION.
Notes paid in May. $ 4,000 00
..
June.
11,000 00
.. September. 9,000 00
October
17,692 00
November 62,000 00
December 405 00
Total amount paid for year ending Dec. 16, 1882 $104,097 00
267
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
EXPENDITURES.
Charged in account as per page 156. JANUARY.
Estate of S. W. Marston, rent of armory .
$100 00
FEBRUARY.
Mrs. L. T. Batchelder, rent of hall $ 31 25
APRIL.
Estate of S. W. Marston, rent of armory $100 00
MAY.
Mrs. L. T. Batchelder, rent of Washington hall. $ 31 25
JULY.
Estate of S. W. Marston, rent of armory $100 00
AUGUST.
Mrs. L. T. Batchelder, rent of hall. 31 25
Estate of S. W. Marston, (A. W. G.) rent of armory .. 100 00
$131 25
NOVEMBER.
Estate of R. Fowler, rent of Washington hall
269 86
Mrs. L. T. Batchelder, 34 65
Co. B 8th Reg. M. V. M., rent of rooms at armory 50 00
$354 51
DECEMBER.
Five Cents Savings Bank, rent of room occ'd by Col. Ayres$87 50
RECAPITULATION.
Bills paid in January .. $100 00
February 31 25
April. 100 00
May 31 25
July
100 00
August.
131 25
66
November. 354 51
December. 87 50
Total expenditures for the year ending Dec. 16, 1882 .. $935 76
268
TREASURER'S REPORT.
ABATEMENTS OF TAXES.
1877.
Credit from incidentals . $ 6 40
Allowed on assessors' orders. 6 40
1878.
Credit from incidentals . 5 10
Allowed on assessors' orders
5 10
1879.
Credit from incidentals . 1,513 29
Allowed on assessors' orders 1,513 29
1880.
Credit balance December 17, 1881. 936 23
Credit from incidentals . 1,363 74
Allowed on assessors' orders.
$2,299 97
1881.
Credit balance December 17, 1881
1,064 32
Re-assessments 54 84
1,119 16
Allowed on assessors' orders
435 22
Balance December 16, 1882, to new account.
$683 94
1882.
Appropriation 1,000 (0
Overlay of taxes. 379 64
Supplementary committal and reassessment. 534 84
$1,914 48
Allowed on assessors' orders
1,427 88
Balance December 16, 1882, to new account. $486 60
269
REPAIRS ON CITY HALL.
REPAIRS ON CITY HALL. EXPENDITURES.
JANUARY.
William Holker & Co., labor on furnace, &c. 8 45
Gerrish & Goodwin, labor on hall. 103 64
Blake & Noyes, painting and glazing. 54 27
S. H. Thurlow, nails, bolts, &c., for hall 5 08
George P. Bishop, strap for scenery. 4 80
Bayley & Perkins, lumber. 56 26
Thomas P. Mackinney, nails, locks, &c., for hall.
30 61
William Porter, jr., paid for freight.
22 59
John A. Greeley, services on hall
1,000 00
J. C. Stanley, wire and cord.
2 08
A. L. Woodman, 18 days' labor
45 00
John A. Greeley, pressed bricks 20 47
William S. Coffin, brick. 7 50
Ireland & Trefethen, tables and desk.
129 60
George Harris, 12 days' labor
18 00
Henry T. Colby, work at hall
21 50
Uriah Strangman, 13 days' labor at hall
26 00
John H. Balch, carpet and cord.
89 54
James W. Welch, putting down carpet ..
2 50
S. E. Tappan, sewing carpet.
6 80
Charles R. Sargent, labor on steam boiler 203 64
$1,858 33
MARCH.
.John A. Greeley, stock on hall.
111 00
Rufus Adams, services on City hall.
252 00
J. M. Littlefield, drawing plans, &c 320 00
Robert Duncan. 11 05
$694 05
JULY.
John P. Blake & Son, labor and stock . .$ 48 37
OCTOBER.
Russell & Burke, repairing on hall . 3 15 00
34
270
TREASURER'S REPORT.
NOVEMBER.
Baker, Pratt & Co., 150 opera chairs . .. . $ 625 00
DECEMBER.
John A. Greeley, services at City hall. . $1,170 00
RECAPITULATION
Bills paid in January $1,858 33
66 March 694 05
July. 48 37
October 15 00
66 November 625 00
December 1,170 00
Total expenditures for year ending Dec. 16, 1882. $4,410 75
271
BOARD OF HEALTH.
BOARD OF HEALTH.
Appropriation .
$400 00
Expenditures 661 28
Amount overdrawn transferred to incidentals $261 28
EXPENDITURES.
Authorized by the Board of Health JANUARY.
Joseph M. Tappan, agent of board . $ 25 00
David T. Woodwell, superintendent of burying grounds. . 100 75
$125 75
MARCH.
Karl Castelhun, observations for year 1881
$117 15
William H. Johnson, breaking paths 4 00
E. P. Hurd, cash paid. . 4 00
$125 15
APRIL.
Michael Donahoe, services rendered. $ 3 75
Edward Powers, 66
3 30
John Hale,
45
George H. Stevens, clerk of Board of Health.
50 00
$57 50
MAY.
Michael Donahoe, services rendered
1 80
Michael Powers,
90
Thomas Ryan.
2 55
Cornelius Murphy,
1 50
Thomas Colman.
75
John Twoomy,
66
75
Michael Schahill, 66
1 35
Cornelius Kelleher.
66
60
Patrick Murphy,
66
60
Eagle Printing Co., envelopes and letter heads. 5 00
$15 80
272
TREASURER'S REPORT.
JUNE.
Thomas Ryan, services rendered. 0 33 00
Jere Cashman, 6 00
Daniel O'Connell, 66 2 50
JULY. $41 50
Thomas Ryan, services rendered . 27 00
AUGUST.
Cornelius Murphy, labor taking up refuse $ 24 75
Joseph M. Tappan, services as agent 50 00
William H. Johnson, superintendent of burial ground. 25 00
Eagle Printing Co., printing notices . 1 75
$101 50
SEPTEMBER.
Edward Powers, labor collecting garbage on streets. $ 18 75
George Harris, services rendered 6 00
$24 75
OCTOBER.
Thomas Ryan, services on garbage carts $ 18 75
J. J. Healey, use of carriage 1 00
Eagle Printing Co., printing. 2 25
$22 00
NOVEMBER.
Joseph M. Tappan, agent of Board of Health $ 25 00
William Carroll, labor on rubbish wagon 30 00
$55 00
DECEMBER.
William Carroll, labor taking up rubbish. $ 25 50
E. P. Hurd, for J. W. M., cash paid for labor 6 07
George Harris, services rendered . 6 07
Edward Powers, 6 07
Michael Donahoe, . 6
5 17
Patrick Murphy, 66
5 55
Thomas Ryan, 90
D. C. Batchelder,
10 00
$65 33
273
BOARD OF HEALTH.
RECAPITULATION.
Bills paid in January
$ 125 75
March
125 15
April
57 50
May
15 80
June
41 50
66 July .
27 00
66 August.
101 50
September
24 75
October
22 00
November
55 00
December 65 33
Total expenditures for the year ending Dec. 16., 1882. . $ 661 28
274
TREASURER'S REPORT.
NON-RESIDENT BANK TAX.
Collected from city banks $6,471 91
Credited in state account. 2,983 78
$9,455 69
Charged in state account.
9,075 26
Balance transferred to incidentals. $380 43
INCOME FROM PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
Received from C. E. Adams & Co., rent of two stalls in
Market house ... $ 125 00 Received from W. T. Colman, rent of one stall in Mar- ket house 100 00
Received from County of Essex rent of Market hall six months 125 00
Received for City hall. 2,308 95
Received one month's rent Pond street house 8 33
$2,667 28
Paid E. F. Bartlett, clerk, amount allowed by county for rent of office to Jan. 1, 1882 . 50 00
Transferred to Public Property to balance accounts
$2,617 28
SINKING FUND.
Appropriation . .$6,000 00
Excess of income over expenditures for 1882, paid to
Sinking Fund Commissioners 3,255 64
Total amount for year ending December 16, 1882
$9,255 64
275
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT.
RECEIVED ON ACCOUNT OF TAXES.
Tax of 1877 from collector
$ 14 90
1878 66
10 20
66
1879
158 31
1880 66
4,974 24
1881 66
15,678 45
1882 66
111,836 39
$132,672 49
COMMISSIONERS OF ATKINSON COMMON.
EXPENDITURES.
Charged in account as per page 157. JUNE.
George Greeley, labor on trees
$5 00
LIQUOR LICENSES.
Received for liquor licenses granted. $62 50 Paid state of Massachusetts 25 per cent. of receipts 15 63
Balance transferred to incidentals to close account.
$46 87
STATE AND COUNTY TAXES.
Appropriated and paid for state tax of 1882 . $8,740 00
county 66 7,135 54
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
OF THE
CITY OF NEWBURYPORT,
FOR THE YEAR
1882
NEW
CITY OF
WBURYPORT
TERRA
MARIQUE
MOCCCLI
NEWBURYPORT : WILLIAM H. HUSE & CO., PRINTERS, 42 STATE STREET. 1883.
REPORT.
A GREAT CHANGE.
Two things have occurred during the past year which have brought about a change, amounting almost to a revolution, in the schools of Newburyport.
The Parochial school, established under the control of the Roman Catholic church, has taken between four and five hundred pupils from the public schools.
The raising of the standard of admission to the high schools has diminished the number in the prepara- tory class in the Brown high and female high schools, and, if this policy is continued, as is proposed by the present school board, the reduction in numbers will be permanent.
The first of these changes was beyond the control of the school board and is felt most in grammar and primary schools in the center of the city. In wards one and six it has had little effect. The schools in those wards have had about the same number of pupils since the establishment of the parochial school as be- fore.
The parochial school has an attendance reported to
4
be over five hundred, but not all of this is a loss to the public schools, as many attend who would not have attended at the public schools and others are new pupils.
This withdrawal of so many children has led to a reduction in the number of teachers in both the high and primary schools, no reduction having been found necessary in the grammar schools.
In several of the primary schools, especially in the lower classes, the rooms were greatly crowded before the Parochial school drew off a large number of the children, and there were teachers who had sixty, and even seventy and more, little ones in the alphabet class.
This was too great a task for single teachers, and the children could not receive proper attention, and when the reduction was made in the number of pupils the committee felt it best to be cautious in making a proportionate reduction in the force of teachers. In- deed this could not be done, and the committee has discontinued all the schools which they have felt that it was wise and proper to drop, and have dismissed all the assistant teachers which could be dispensed with, to the best interests of education, in their judgment.
The expense of the school department will be lighter to the tax-payer by the withdrawal of so many from the public schools by the establishment of the Parochial school, but we ought not for that reason to believe that we can do nothing for the eduction of our children, but should rather make it an occasion for making our schools more efficient, and this has been the aim of the board.
5
In the primary schools, especially, the number of pupils to a teacher was too large before this great change, and the schools will be better and more efficient, and the children will have more personal attention from their teachers than was possible when the number of pupils was so great that they had to be taught in mass, and no one could receive more than a minute or two in a day of the individual care of the teacher.
The raising of the standard for admission to the high schools, also, had the effect of diminishing the number of the preparatory class of those schools. The cost of educating a pupil in the high schools is very much greater than in schools of a lower grade. It was also found that it lowered the rank of the school in comparison with other high schools, the average age. for admission in other cities being about two years higher than with us, so that the standard was raised both for the admission to the preparatory class in the high schools and the committee also voted to add another year's course in the grammar schools.
These changes have all been in the direction of raising the standard of the schools while diminishing the expense, and a still farther move toward the same end is proposed in giving another year to the course in the primary schools to correspond with the the additional year in the grammar schools. It is neces- sary to make our public schools come up to those of other cities of like population. We have stood well in the matter of educating our children, and should not fall behind in anything which is really desirable.
6
THE HIGH SCHOOLS.
During the past year the consolidated school has been conducted under peculiar disadvantages. It has had three principals, and several changes among the assistants. The Parochial school had little effect in diminishing the numbers attending, only six leaving on account of the opening of that school, but the committee considered it best to raise the standard for admission, and the September term opened with only eighty-four pupils. The changes in teachers have been disadvantageous to the school, especially to the preparatory class, which had for several months an unsettled state of affairs in the school as their first experience. Mr. A. H. Thompson, who had been the principal for twelve years, resigned and left the school, Oct. 18th, 1881; then followed a period of about six weeks during which the school was conducted by the assistants without a principal. Then Mr. La Roy F. Griffin took charge, December 8th, and remained for a few weeks, and, after another interregnum, the present principal, Mr. George E. Gay, was appointed January 16th, 1882, and he gives the following account of the school since his election as principal : N. N. WITHINGTON, ESQ.,
Dear Sir : In accordance with your request I have the honor to submit the following facts concerning the high schools :
" As the school year begins with September, the work of the school naturally divides itself into two portions : first, the period from the time when I took charge of the school, in January, to the close of the summer term ; second, the period from the beginnnig of the present school year to the close of 1882.
" On assuming the duties of principal, I took the recitations which had been conducted by my predecessor, with the charge of the boys' room. I was received very cordially and kindly by the
7
teachers and pupils, who did all that lay in their power to make my work as pleasant as possible. I have to thank them for many special acts of kindness as well as for constant courtesy and con- sideration.
" As I gradually acquainted myself with the general excellence of the school, I determined to continue the general plan of organiza- tion which had proved successful under former masters, introducing changes in methods of discipline and conducting recitations only in the most careful manner, and with the general approval of the teachers. So the general organization remains the same as in its previous history.
" During the spring term the study of Book-keeping was made practical and interesting in an unusual degree by the adoption of the method of teaching used in the most successful commercial schools. The " money " and " merchandise " used in my school at Concord did excellent service in teaching business methods by the routine of actual business transactions.
" Excellent work was done by the Latin classes during the sum- mer term. The graduating class read selections from the " Odes of Horace "; and the middle class read " De Senectute," in addition to the eight orations of Cicero prescribed by the course of study.
" It was believed that the time of teachers and pupils could be better spent upon regular school work than upon the preparation for an exhibition, and the usual May exhibition was omitted. The annual public examination was held May 26, and was considered creditable to the school.
" The graduating class was composed of an average number of young ladies and gentlemen, and the graduating exercises, held in City Hall, were attended by a large number of citizens and friends of the school.
" The schools opened in the fall with only eighty-four members, some fifty less than the usual number at the opening of the year. This was owing to two causes : first, the removal of six pupils to the Parochial school ; second, the admission of about sixty less than the usual number admitted. Up to the present writing, no pupil has left the school during the present school year, quite an unusual occurrence, while the attendance and punctuality has been unpre- cedentedly good.
"During the year, prizes for the best solution of mathematical prob- lems have been awarded to John W. Evans and Nathaniel Wheeler.
8
" I find the course of study last printed to vary slightly from the one in use. I annex herewith a correct copy, with a slight modifi- cation of the required work for those who are preparing for college, and one change in the first year of the "classical course." This modification of the " college course" is in the line of a closer con- formity to the subjects on which candidates for admission to college are now examined.
" I have thus hastily and imperfectly sketched a few of the events of the school year which have impressed themselves upon my mind sufficiently to be remembered. If they assist you in any way in the preparation of your annual report, I shall be very happy.
Sincerely yours,
GEORGE. E. GAY.
The course of study prescribed is as follows :
PREPARATORY
YEAR.
CLASSICAL COURSE. -
ENGLISH COURSE.
1 COLLEGE PREPARATORY.
Algebra (40) Latin Grammar & Reader (40) English Grammar(20) and An- cient History (20)
Algebra (40) English Gramınar (40) Physical Geography (40)
Algebra (40) Latin Grammar & Reader(40) English Grammar (20) and Ancient History(20)
JUNIOR YEAR.
Geometry (20) metic(20)
and Arith-
Geometry (20) metic (20)
and Arith-
Geometry (20) and Arith- metic(20)
Cæsar, four books (20) Physics (40)
History(20) and Botany (20) Physics (40)
Cæsar, four books(40) Greek Grammar & Reader(40)
MIDDLE
YEAR.
( Physiology(20) Rhetoric(20)| or
Physiology (20) & Rhetoric (20)
French(40)
(French (40)
Cicero, eight orations (40) Chemistry (40)
French (40) Chemistry (40)
Cícero, eight orations(40) Anabasis, four books(40)
SENIOR YEAR.
English Literature and Com- position (40)
Geology (40)
Reviews(40)
French (40) Geology (40) Trigonometry&surveying (40 or
Astronomy (40) Trigonometry&surveying (40
French (40)
Virgil, six books of Æneid and Bucolics(35); Cicero, De Senectute(5)
[ Astronomy (40)
Virgil, 6 books of Æneid and Bucolics (35); Cicero, De Senectute(5)
English Literature and Com- position (40)
Homer, three books of the Iliad(40)
The course is arranged for those who merely wish to graduate from the high school; but for pupils who
9
have the disposition and ability for a more extended course, the following was adopted by the board, on recommendation of the principal, who says:
" The course of study as arranged for the high schools, and now pursued there, is the same for all members of the schools. From this it happens that pupils of more than average ability cannot always be supplied with appropriate work, and have leisure for reading and other extra employment. I submit herewith a plan of optional supplementary work for pupils of this sort, designed to aid the pupil in putting his leisure to a good use.
" As will be seen by an examination of the plan, the supple- mentary work is divided into three sections for each year of the course, making twelve sections in all As an encouragement to the performance of this additional work, I recommend the following plan : When a pupil has completed four sections in a manner satis- factory to his teachers he is to receive from them a certificate of the fact ; and for every four sections thus completed he is to receive one such certificate. It will therefore result that at graduation a pupil may have obtained one, two, or three of these certificates. A graduate holding one certificate should be entitled to the words " cum laude " on his diploma ; one holding two, to " magna cum laude"; one holding three, to " summa cum laude."
" This plan of supplementary work has been submitted to several prominent educators, and is believed to be eminently practical and useful :
PREPARATORY YEAR.
LITERATURE :- Higginson's History of the United States; Dickens' History of England ; two of Cooper's novels; Scott's longer poems and Ivanhoe; Nicholas Nickleby; Irving's Sketch Book; Whittier's poems.
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