USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Newburyport > City Officers and the Annual Reports to the City Council of Newburyport 1883 > Part 3
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Burchard, H. C., U. S. Mint.
1 Osgood, E. Miss. Coll.
Caldwell, S. A. 2 Library, Fall River Public. 1
Cartland, J. 1
Cincinnati, Board of Education .. 1
Mass. Society of the .. 1
Coffin, M. E., Miss 5
A. B., Mrs 27
Cooper, P. Family of the late. 1
Davis, B. P. 6
Firth, A .. 1
Green, S. A., M. D. 1
Hazard, T. R .. 1
Horton, E., Miss.
29
Lawson, T. B. 13
Loring, G. B., Hon 2
Moody, R., Miss, folio vol. of plates
Mass. Sec'y of Commonwealth .. 12 N. E. Tract & Missionary Society 8
Library, Milwaukee Public. 1
1 Newton Free Public. ... New York Merchantile. . 1
Butler, G ....
2
Call, A. A. Seal of Newburyport Athenaeum .
Cincinnati Board of Education. 1
Clarke. G. K.
1
Cobb, S. C. 1
Cobden club.
3
Crane, W. C. 7
Cushing, L. B. Plans of Public Buildings
Cushing, L. B. Coll. of Pamphlets Cutter, A. E .. 1
Cutler, E. Mrs. Portrait.
Davis, B. P. 8
Moseley, W. O. Rev .. 24
Old Residents' Assoiation, Lowell 1 Perkins Institution for the Blind .. 1
Poore, B. P. Major. 4
Photos of West-
ern Scenery 21
Sargent, M. H ..
2
Chicago. 1
Concord
1
Dedham 1
Fall River 2
Lowell City 1
Lynn Public 1
Mass. State 1
of Congress 1
Poore, B. P. Major 1
Rollins, J. R.
1
Seaver, E. P .. 1
Seymour, H. Jr. 1
Silloway, T. W. Rev.
1
Smithsonian Institution
16
Stone, E. F. Hon. 30
Tilton, W. B. 17
U. S. Coast Survey Office
2
Com. of Education 1 Chief of Engineers 3
Chief Signal Officer 1. Naval Observatory .. 2 Secretary of the Interior.
Vassar College.
PAMPHLETS AND OTHER GIFTS.
Appleton, F. H. 1 6
Bayley, R. A.
Mechanics Institute, Ohio Peabody Institute .. .. ...
1 1 1 1 1
.. Providence Public. . . Thos. Crane, Quincy Pub. Rotherham, Eng. Public San Francisco Mercantile Swansey, Eng. Public .... Taunton, Public. . . Watertown Free Public .. Woburn Public.
2 1 1
1 1
Worcester Free Public .. 1
Mass. Teachers' Association.
2
Jackman, J. V. 2
Lawson, T. B. Photo Portraits .. 5 Library, Boston Public. 4
Bridgeport 1
Brookline 1
Brooklyn 1
U. S. Bureau of Education. 12
Mint, Director of. 3 Signal Office 3 Treasury Department .. 4
Wildes, G. D. Rev. D. D 2 Womens' Medical College, Penn .. 1 . . Young Men's Society, Albany .. 1
56
PUBLIC LIBRARY REPORTS.
Donations to the Reading Room --- 1883.
Newburyport Herald William H. Huse & Co.
Boston Advertiser.
Edward S. Toppan.
The Germ M. C. Teel.
List of Prices and Sales-Boston Stock Exchange . Pickering & Moseley.)
Unitarian Review American Uni. Assoc'n. 66
Christian Register.
Congressional Register Hon E. F. Stone.
Home Missionary.
E. S. Moseley.
Liberal Free Mason
Joseph B. Lincoln.
New York Observer
Hon. J. N. Pike.
Journal of Chemistry J. R. Nichols, M. D.
The Independent,
Zion's Herald,
M. H. Sargent.
Golden Rule,
.Congressional Directory
E. S. Moseley.
Good Health
Publishers.
PUBLICATIONS
IN THE
Newburyport Free Reading Room --- 1884.
DAILIES.
Newburyport Herald,
Germ, Valley Visitor,
Boston Advertiser,
Herald,
Journal (Evening),
Evening Post,
Journal of Commerce,
Globe, Post,
Stock Bulletin,
Providence (R. I.) Journal,
New York Tribune,
New York Herald,
World,
Sun,
Star,
Graphic,
Transcript, Traveller,
Times, Mail and Express,
Congressional Record, Washington, Albany Argus, N. Y., Portland Advertiser, Portland, Me., Chicago Times, Chicago, Illinois.
57
PUBLIC LIBRARY REPORTS.
SEMI-WEEKLY, WEEKLY, AND MONTHLY NEWSPAPERS.
Salem Gazette, Boston Commercial Bulletin, Springfield Republican, Philadelphia Times, Baltimore Gazette, Washington Star, D. C. Richmond Despatch, Va. Charleston News, S. C. Cincinnati Inquirer, Ohio, Chicago Tribune, Louisville Courier-Journal, Ky. Florida Times,
New Orleans Picayune,
The Alta California, San Francisco, The Weekly Chronicle. San Francisco Forest and Stream, New York, Harper's Young People, N. Y.,
Signs of the Times, N. Y. London Times, Nature, London, Punch, 66
Montreal Gazette, Canada, Atlanta Constitution, Georgia, Mobile Register, Ala., Galveston Weekly News, Texas, St. Paul Pioneer Press, Minn., Kansas City Journal, Mo., Rocky Mountain Weekly, Denver, C.
Christian Register, Boston,
New York Observer, Journal of Education, The Nation, N. Y.,
Littell's Living Age, Boston, Scientific American, N. Y., 66 66 Supplement,
The Machinist, N. Y ., Our Continent, N. Y.,
Harper's Weekly, N. Y., Bazar, N. Y.,
Frank Leslie's Illus. Paper, N. Y ..
Chimney Corner, Finan. and Com. Chronicle, N. Y.
MAGAZINES
Harper's Magazine, New York., The Century, 66
St. Nicholas,
The Atlantic, Boston, Lippincott's Magazine, Phila., Peterson's 66 66
Ballou's 66 Boston,
Godey's Lady's Book, Phila.,
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, N.Y. 66 Sunday Magazine,
Good Words, London, Macmillan's Magazine, London,
Blackwood's 66
Temple Bar 66 66
English Illus.
The Manhattan
N. Y., 66
The Agriculturist
Gardeners' Monthly.
AND REVIEWS.
The Naturalist, Phila., The Science News, Boston, Van Vostrand's Engineering Mag .. Popular Science Monthly, N. Y., Official Gazette, Patent Office,
Liberal Free Mason, Home Missionary, N. Y., New Englander, New Haven, Conn., North American, N. Y., Unitarian Review, Boston, Contemporary Review, London, Nineteenth Century, Westminster Review, Edinburgh London Quarterly Review, London, British 66
Fortnightly, London.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
Chambers' Encyclopædia, 15 vol., Brande's 2
Lippincott's Biographical Dictionary, 66 Gazetteer, Anthon's Classical Dictionary, American Newspaper Annual-1880. Worcesters Dictionary, Boston Directory, Massachusetts Business Directory,
Shipping Record, Catalogue of Public Library, Map of United States, Rockingham county, N. H.,
Essex county, Mass .. Johnson's Atlas of the world, New England Business Directory '83. The Pathfinder and Railway Guide, Congressional Directory.
REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF HEALTH.
1883.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
EDWARD P. HURD, (City Physician, CHAIRMAN. AMOS H. GEARY, WILLIAM C. PLUMER,
GEORGE H. STEVENS, CLERK. JOSEPH M. TAPPAN, AGENT.
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
To His Honor the Mayor and the City Council of the City of Newburyport :
GENTLEMEN :- In accordance with the law, we hereby present the seventh annual report of the Board of Health, for the year ending January 31st, 1884.
The board submits the following report of the receipts and ex- penditures of its department during the past year :
Appropriation
$600 00
From incidentals; amount overdrawn
330 23
8930 23
EXPENDITURES.
Salaries of agent, clerk, and superintendent burials $225 00
Expense of meteorological observations. 160 13
66 instruments 35 00
Expense collecting ashes &c. 494 60
Incidentals ; removing dead animals &c. 2 50
printing, &c. 13 00
$930 23 $930 23
The membership of the Board for the year 1883 has been as follows :
DR. E. P. HURD Chairman ..
AMOS H. GEARY
. Appointed Jan. 1883. Two years. 66 66 One year.
WM. C. PLUMER
JOSEPH M. TAPPAN, Agent. Re-appointed in Jan. 1883.
GEO. H. STEVENS Clerk.
Mr. Tappan has been diligent in the discharge of his duties ; has made in response to complaints of nuisances during the year 250 visits.
8
62
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
CLEANING OF VAULTS AND CESS-POOLS.
In June, 1883, the three years contract with the Eagle Odorless Apparatus Company expired. Mr. Jere Cashman, who had most of this time acted as agent for this company, having petitioned for the exclusive right, for one year, to clean all vaults, privies and cess-pools within the precincts of Newburyport by the same odor- less method and apparatus, charging for the same only two dollars per load of twelve full barrels, to be paid by the parties to whom the service shall be rendered-it was deemed best by the board to give to Mr. Cashman this exclusive privilege for the time peti- ioned. Mr. Cashman has thus far performed his duties to the en- tire satisfaction of the board. He has been ready to respond to the call of citizens, and no complaint has been made of the manner of performance or the cost of the services rendered by him.
SEWERAGE.
His Honor the Mayor, in his inaugural address for 1884 has called the attention of citizens to the importance of sewerage, and has hinted the fact that the necessity of sewers in a sanitary point of view is becoming each year more imperative. The board notices with satisfaction that a committee from the common council has been appointed to take this matter under consideration, and that some feasible plan for the effectual drainage of the city is likely soon to be devised.
WATER SUPPLY.
During the past year the Newburyport Water Company have completed their contract of piping the entire city, and citizens are now provided with an abundance of spring water of the best qual- ity ; a sanitary blessing whose advantages cannot be exaggerated. It would, perhaps, be difficult in this entire commonwealth to find a city so favored with respect to its water supply.
[The above paragraph commendatory of the quality of the water was in type before the occurrence of an accident to the dam at the company's pond, whereby most of the water escaped, and water of a dirty quality with much filth from the bottom of the pond was sucked into the pipes, and distributed to the water takers all over the city. It has been reported to the board and complaint has been made that cases of sickness have arisen therefrom.
The Board cannot too much deplore and condemn the great unti- diness of this pond and the surrounding grounds, and would again
63
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
recommend and urge that the pond be pumped out and thoroughly cleaned, and that it then be walled in with stone, and that means be taken to prevent the possibility of the dam again giving way. Provision should also be made to prevent any drainage from houses in the neighborhood from being washed into the pond during heavy rains. A deep ditch should also be dug from the main Bartlett Spring to the pond, and other improvements which the Board re- gards as sanitary and needful should be made early the coming summer.]
HOUSE DRAINING AND PLUMBING.
The stringent regulations passed by the board in 1883 relative to house drainage have been generally complied with by our citizens ; at least no proof to the contrary has been presented to the board. Deeming these regulations extremely important for the health of citizens, as there is sufficient evidence that filthy and ill-ventilated house sewers are the source of much disease, the board invites tenants of houses and all who may be aggrieved by or may be sufferers from such nuisances, to make complaint to this board, and such complaints shall receive immediate attention.
HOUSE OFFAL, ASHES, ETC.
A small item, among the city's expenditures, has been charged to the Board of Health for removal of ashes and other offal by the city teams on Friday of each week. This useful provision of the city government, although originating in the Board of Health, is now so completely under the management of the committee of Pub- lic Property, that the cost thereof might with greater propriety he debited to that committee. Nevertheless the weekly service thus rendered citizens has given good satisfaction, and indirectly by favoring cleanliness, promotes the general health. By a vote of the common council in February last, the whole city was made participant in a benefit previously enjoyed by the central portion of the city only.
MORTUARY STATISTICS
At the close of the annual report will be found the statistics of deaths in Newburyport for the year 1883. The aggregate is nearly the same as last year. The city has been remarkably free from epidemic diseases ; the majority of deaths are as usual from pul- monary diseases, and especially from consumption.
64
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
In conclusion the Board earnestly bespeaks the co-operation of every individual in carrying out such sanitary regulations as seem desirable for the good of the city.
E. P. HURD, BOARD AMOS H. GEARY, OF
WILLIAM C. PLUMER. S HEALTH
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF DEATHS IN NEWBURYPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1883.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
Males . ..
Females . . . .
Total
January .
February.
March.
April.
May ..
June ..
July . . . .
August.
September.
October .
November . . .
December . . .
Under 1 year.
1-2 years ....
2-5 years ... .
5-10 years ...
10-15 years. .
15-20 years. .
20-30 years. .
30-40 years :
40-50 years :
50-60 years. .
60-70 years. .
70-80 years. .
80-90 years
90-100 years.
CLASS I .- Zymotie Diseases :
Croup.
24 4
2
1
1
1
Diphtheria.
1
3
1
Erysipelas
1
1
1
1
Pnereperal Convulsions.
L
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
Whooping Cough.
2
5
7
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
CLASS II .- Constitutional Diseases :
Consumption .
22
18
40
6
2
4
4
6
3
4
1
4
4
2
1
1
3|13 10 5
6
1
Caneer
3
6
9
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Dropsy .
1
1
2
1
1
1
Hydrocephalus .
3
3
6
1
4
1
3
1
2
Gangrene
2
2
1
1
Serofula
1
1
1
1
Rheumatism
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Syphilis Constitutional
2
2
1
1
1
1
Inanition
1
1
1
1
Marasmus
1
1
2
1
1
2
CLASS III .- Loeal Diseases :
Apoplexy.
9
2
11
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1 6
Bright's Disease
1
2
3
1
1
1
Bronchitis.
2
1
3
1
1
Blood Poisoning.
1
1
2
1
Cirrhosis. .
2
1
1
1
1
Convulsions
2
2
1
1
1
1
Congestion of Lungs
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
2
Congestion of Brain
1
5
1
1
3
1
1
Cholera Infantum.
6
5
11
1
·2
5
3
1
Cholera Morbus
1
1
1
Cystitis.
3
3
1
1
1
Canker
1
2
2
Disease of Brain
4
4
2
1
1
1
3
Diarrhoea.
2
2
1
1
Dysentery
2
1
1
Fungus of Skull
1
1
27
1
4
2
1
4
1
3
2
2
2
3 .. . 1
4
9
2
Hydronephrosis, Rupture of Kidney Intestinal Obstruetion .
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
Internal Tumor .. .
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
G 2
Pneumonia.
9
13
5
1
4
3
3
1
1
2
2
4
2
3
Peritonitis
6
G
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Softening of Brain.
1
1
2
1
1
Ulceration of Stomaeh.
1
1
1
CLASS IV .- Developmental Diseases : Asthenia
1
1
1
Atelectasis
1
1
1
Cyanosis.
1
1
2
2
Congenital Debility.
4
1
1
2
Hernia, Cerebri Encephaloeele.
1
1
1
3
1
3
4
3
4
2
1
2
1
2
2 10 14
2
1
1
2
1
4
2
1
.)
Still Born.
3
2
5
1
1
2 1
5
CLASS V .- Violent Deaths :
Accidental.
5
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
Hemorrhage of Bowels.
1
Instrumental Delivery.
1
1
1
Pyemia. .
1
Unknown.
1
1
1
1
TOTALS.
149 150 299
31
12
32
24
27 31
28
27
26 17
24
20
54 16 21 8 4 7 19 27 19 24 24 50 24
2
Searlet Fever.
5
4
1
1
2
1
.
.
·
-
5
1
1
12
1
Typhoid Fever.
1 3
1
1
1
·
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2 1
1
Heart Disease.
13
114
1
1
1
11
Meningitis, Cerebro Spinal. Tubereulous
12
Nephritis
1
2
3
Paralysis .
8
7
15
22
1
3
22
11241
5
1
1
Old Age.
13
15
28
2
1
Teething.
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
4
3
1
1
4
1
2
143
21
2
1
1
1
3
4
10
Premature Birth
...
9
REPORT OF THE CITY PHYSICIAN.
To His Honor the Mayor, and the City Council:
GENTLEMEN :- During the past year I have had the entire medi- cal charge of the sick poor of this city under the care of the Over- of the Poor.
The following table gives the visits made, and the work done. The table represents the medical attendance for thirteen months, viz. : from Dec. 1st, 1882, to January 1st, 1884
Number of visits to almshouse 200
poor families 469
Office visits of poor persons. 153
Police station, medical visits 21
Total number .843
In the above estimate are included 160 visits made to sick per- sons belonging to other towns in this commonwealth, whose medi- cal attendance, medicines and other necessary supplies incident to their sickness, are debited to the town or city in which they have their settlement ; for these visits the usual rate of a dollar a visit (allowed by the law) is charged and the amount collected by the clerk of the Overseers of the Poor, goes into the Newburyport city treasury, thus lightening materially the burden of the appropriation made by the City Council for salary of the City Physician. The amount recovered for medicines furnished to patients belonging to other towns is $84.00.
The following deaths have occurred in the Almshouse during the year 1883.
Jan. 14, William Cuseck ; Jan. '20, Lucy A. Smith ; April 8, Nancy Hughes ; April 17, Katie Pettigrew ; May 10, George Law. rence ; May 18, Pat. Quinn ; June 30, Mary Donahue ; July 5, Ann Floyd ; July 21, Mark Cilley ; Sept. 17, Bradstreet Plummer : Nov. 18, Jennie Austin ; Nov. 23, William H. Osgood.
E. P. HURD, M. D.,
· City Physician.
REPORT ON THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
FOR THE YEAR 1883.
To the Board of Health:
GENTLEMEN :- I have the honor to submit the fourth annual re- port on meteorological observations.
PRESSURE (BAROMETER.)
TABLE I.
Mean.
Max.
Min.
Monthly Range.
Mean Daily Range.
January.
30.126
30.5I1
29.487
1.024
.226
February
. 30.157
30.723
.454
1.269
.235
March
29.858
30.450
.129
1.321
.199
April
29.954
30.451
.613
.838
.143
May.
.29.929
30.419
.548
.871
.128
June.
29.933
30.457
.437
1.020
.088
July.
29.870
30.143
.663
.480
.086
August.
29.871
30.292
.644
.648
.078
September
.30.031
30.378
682
.682
.141
October
. 30.134
30.603
.172
1.536
.129
November
.30.045
30.568
.466
1.102
.176
December
30.010
30.609
.122
1.487
.193
Mean.
30.001
30.467
29.453
1.023
.152
Mean annual barometer ...:
30.001 inches.
Highest barometer, February 24.
30.723
-
Lowest 66
December 28 29.122
thus showing the greatest difference of the year, 1.601 inch. The average monthly range was 1.023 inch. The monthly ranges
68
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
were greater during the winter and spring months-more than one inch-and less than one inch in summer, except July. Keeping the monthly averages in view, the barometer at different times of the day exhibits a steady condition-at 7 a. m. and 9 p., m. it is higher than at 2 p. m., hence it falls during the forenoon and rises during the afternoon. The amount of this periodic oscillation was .037 inch for the forenoon and .028 inch for the afternoon.
During the year the barometer fell about forty-four times below the average height, but in only twenty-four cases this was followed by stormy weather. This shows that the barometer is not a "weath- er indicator" or "storm-glass" in the customary sense. However a rapid change (rise or fall) may pretty certainly foretell 'high wind :'
Change of Barometer. Inches.
Direction of
Max. Velocity in miles.
January 13.
.713
S. W.
18
66
31.
.405
N. W.
18
February 20
.711
N. W.
18
23.
.460
N. W.
16
28.
.418
N. W.
21
March 10 ...
.731
N. E.
32
15.
.536
S. W.
21
September 24
.676
W.
25
October 29 ..
.853
S. W.
32
November 6
.247
S. W.
18
6 .
12.
.456
N. W.
25
December 27
.792
N. W.
36
TEMPERATURE OF AIR.
Mean annual temperature : 46.22 °
For the three years previous it was :
1880.
48.41 0
1881.
. 47.58 ·
1882. .47.08
which shows a steady decrease for the past few years.
The thermometer reached its maximum on July 4-96 ° and its minimum December 23, -. 11º ; thus a range of 107 degrees. The smallest difference of the maximum and minimum temperature of one month was 40.5°-September-and the greatest 66° in December. The difference of the highest and lowest point on single days varied from 2 to 37 degrees.
On eight days the thermometer reached 90 degrees and over :
Wind.
m. h.
20.
864
W.
25
69
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
June 5.
90
66 7. 90 °
July 4. 96°
6. .94 ° .' 7. .95 °
August 22.
.90 °
23. 92 ℃
and four times it fell to zero and below :
January 13. .00
23
.0°
December 16
20
6.
23 -11 o
July 7 may be considered the hottest day with an averge temper- ature of 82 degrees ; then follows the 5th with 77 degrees and the 6th with 78.7 degrees mean temperature. Again the coldest day was the 23d day of December with a mean of zero and only 6 de- grees above as the highest.
The annual average was :-
At 7 A. M.
41.8°
2 P. M.
52.8 °
9 P. M.
44.8°
and for the four seasons :
Spring.
Summer.
Fall.
Winter.
At 7 A. M
.31.79
63.4 °
44.0 °
21.8 °
2 P. M
48.7º
76.8°
55.4°
30.1 º
9 P. M.
41.0°
65.6
44.2º
25.4℃
The following table shows the condition of the temperature during the year to better advantage :
TABLE II.
Monthly Mean.
Max.
Min.
Monthly Range.
Mean daily Range.
January
22.37
45
C
45
14.3
February.
.26.10
45
7
38
17.3
March.
28.66
60
2
58
19.4
April
42.96
77.5
20
57.5
20.0
May
57.25
89.0
32.5
56.5
19.8
June
.68.C1
90.0
45.0
45.0
22.7
July
69.13
96.
50.0
46.0
20.5
August.
66.29
92.
47.0
45.0
21.9
September
.58.19
80.5
39.0
41.5
19.5
October
46.86
85.0
27.5
57.5
16.9
November
41.52
71.0
17.0
54.0
17.4
December.
27.32
55.10
11
66.0
14.2
Mean.
46.22
73.8
23.
50.8
18.7
9
70
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
TEMPERATURE OF GROUND.
Measurement of the temperature of the ground, commenced in August, 1882, were continued during this year.
For better comparison the monthly mean of the air and ground temperatures are placed side by side :
TABLE III.
Monthly mean of air.
Monthly mean of ground.
Monthly difference.
January
..
. 22.36
36.7
-2.16
February
26.10
35.5
-0.20
March.
.28.66
34.6
-1.24
April.
42.96
39.9
-|-9.90
May
.57.25
48.3
+6.30
June
.68.01
58.7
-1-3.80
July
.69.13
62.9
-- 3.00
August
66.29
64.3
0.00
September
.58.19
61.4
-3.00
October
46.86
55.8
-7.50
November
41.52
49.3
-4.00
December
27.32
41.0
-6.66
Mean
46.22
49.06
The third column of this table contains the increase of decrease in temperature from the first to the last of each month, indicated by the corresponding marks [+] and [-].
Thereby we see that the ground reached its maximum temper- ature in August, which is one month after the air. The minimum occurred even two months later, viz. in March. The difference be- tween the highest and lowest temperature amounts to 29.7 degrees for the ground, against 46.7 degrees for the air.
The lowest temperature, 34.2 degrees, was observed March 18, and remained constant until the 26th, when it begun to rise until August 20, to the maximum of 65 degrees. So it remained until August 28, when it declined. Increase and decrease took place very slowly and gradually except in April and October. But even for those months the difference in one day amounted to not more than a fraction of one degree.
71
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY; DEW POINT.
TABLE IV.
MEAN REL. HUMIDITY.
ABSOL. HUM.
Month.
Mean.
Max.
Min.
Range.
Grs. in 1 cubic foot of air.
DEW POINT.
January.
63.7
100
24
76
0.994
14°
February.
60.9
100
31
69
1.020
16
March.
55.6
100
23
77
1.105
17
April.
61.4
100
16
84
1.999
30
May
67.6
100
21
79
3.269
44
June.
72.4
100
31
69
5.712
60
July .
75.2
100
38
62
6.112
62
August.
70.7
97
32
65
5.259
57
September
75.1
100
34
66
4.232
51
October.
77.6
100
32
68
8.081
42
November
75.0
97
20
77
2.328
35
December.
70.5
100
24
67
1.392
22
Mean 1 68.8
99.5 |
27.2
72.3
3.042
37.5
The table above represents the relative and absolute humidity of the air and their relations to the dew point. There is but little difference in the monthly means from the same of the preceding year.
The relative humidity is greatest in the morning, least at 9 p. m. somewhat less than in the morning.
The annual average was at 7 A. M. 75.8 per cent.
2 P. M 57.8 66
66
9 P. M. 72.0
This proportion is nearly the same for all months.
PRECIPITATION.
The total precipitation in the year amounted to 35.303 inches. The maximum and minimum rain fall occurred just in two succes- sive months : 6.9 inches in July and 0.75 inches in August. These are at the same time the extremes for the last four years. The quantity of rain fall is distributed over the months as follows :
72
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
TABLE V.
Total amt. of rain and melted snow.
Depth of snow in
Duration in
January ...
.165
12.5
134
February.
.3.040
21.5
128
March.
1.970
6.0
57
April.
.2.625
2.0
94
May
.3.285
69
June
.2.335
36
July
.6.900
45
August
.750
11
September
1.960
32
October
4.765
69
November
.2.010
0.5
25
December
2.500
18.5
83
35.305
61.0
783
It rained on 82 days or altogether 783 hours.
The sum of fallen snow was 61 inches, equal to 6.62 inches of rain. The last snow fell April 23 ; the first November 16.
Thunder and lightning with and without rain occurred quite often : the rain amounted to 3.47 inches or about one-tenth of the whole annual rain fall.
WIND.
Direction : The annual average direction deviated only two de- grees to the north from due west.
Observations of the preceding three years show a similar direc- tion, viz :
1880.
W 3º S
1881
W9 N
1882
W 11 N
1883
W 2 N
In the whole the movement of the atmosphere is therefore just the opposite of the rotation of the earth. The mean directions for the month were these :
January .
. W 42º N
July.
W 20° S
February
W
9
S
| August.
W
7 N
March.
.W 28
N
September
W
5 N
April
W 15
N
October
W 15 N
May ...
W 43
S
November
.W 13 S
June.
W 56
S
December
W 14
N
As to frequency the southwesterly exceeded all others ;
Directions :
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Duration
746
1194
381
369
376
2766
983
1669
in hours.
inches.
hours.
73
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
The relative frequency of the winds from the four cardinal points can be expressed as follows : N=9; W == 17; S=9; E=1.
Velocity : The average velocity of all the winds without regard to direetion was 6.18 miles per hour. This corresponds to a movement of the atmosphere of 148.5 miles daily ; 4516.6 miles monthly and 54,200 miles for the whole year.
The mean velocity as to the time of day was : At 7 A. M. 4.9 miles ; at 2 P. M. 8.1 miles ; at 9 P. M. 5.4 miles. The greater velocity at noon is due to the increased and unequal heating of the air by the rising sun.
TABLE VI.
Total number of miles.
Average number per day.
Average number per hour.
January.
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