USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Haverhill > First era in the history of Haverhill, Mass.; comprising the period from the settlement of the plantation of Pentuckey (1640) to the conclusion of permanent peace with the Indians > Part 4
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All was prepared. The night of the 30th of April* proved favorable. Mrs. Dustin arose. The other cap- tives were awakened, and each pro- cured a tomahawk. Silently they
took alloted positions among the sleeping savages, and, at a signal from their master-spirit, struck home. Only two of the Indians- a squaw who escaped after being wounded, and a boy, spared because of his tender years-were left alive. The others, ten in all, never awoke.
Mrs. Dustin secured what pro- visions were in the wigwam, took her master's gun and tomahawk, launched a canoe,-after scuttling the rest,-and prepared for a voy- age down the river. But, lest her story should not be believed at home, she returned to the camp, and scalped the bodies, taking the ghastly trophies with her as vouch- ers of her prowess.
After reaching home, she pro- ceeded to Boston, in company with her husband and the two compan- ions of her captivity and her escape. Here a petition for reward for her exploit was presented to the General Court by Dustin. The Court there- upon allowed Mrs. Dustin $25, and Mary Wer And the boy £12, 10s. each.
Hannah Dustin was the daughter of Michael Emerson, and the oldest of fifteen children. She was born on the 23d of December, 1657, and married Thomas Dustin Dec. 3, 1677. They had thirteen children. Mrs. Dustin is said to have survived the death of her husband for some years, living with her son Jonathan, whose home was on the southwest part of his father's farm.
Thomas Dustin's birthplace is un- known; but it is supposed that he came from the vicinity of Dover, N. II. The name first appears on the records of Haverhill between
*Magnalia.
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THE FIRST GENERAL INCURSION.
the years 1669-75. He was living as late as the year 1723, when he deeded some property to his son Timothy.
During the spring and summer, no fewer than three town-meetings were held to consider the question of building a new meeting-house. So much difference of opinion ex- isted, however, in regard to the lo- cation, and to other matters, that it was not until two years afterwards that the new structure was utilized for the purpose for which it was built. This church was located on land now included in the common.
It is worthy of note, that, upon the formal acceptance of the editice by the town, it was moved by Jo- seph Peasely that he and others might be granted leave to worship at the new meeting-house in accord- ance with their faith .* This mo- tion was not even thought to be worthy of a vote, and wasteontemp- tnonsly cast aside.
In 1698, the Indians began their forays on the settlements early in the year. Feb. 22d, a band at- tacked Andover, killing and making prisoners of a number of the inhabi- tants; and, on their return, killed Jonathan Haynes and Samuel Ladd in the western part of Haverhill, and captured a son of each.
The particulars of this affair are as follows: Haynes and Ladd, with their sons, had started for West Meadow to haul home some hay which they had stacked the preced- ing year. While returning, they fell into an ambush. The men, see- ing the imp asibility of escape, sur- rendere ., and begged for mercy.
*That of Friends, or Quakers.
This the Indians promised. Daniel Ladd, the younger, proposed to at - tempt to mount his father's horse, and escape; but his father forbade him. However, he cut the annimal loose, and struck him sharply with the whip. With a bound, the horse placed himself beyond the reach of the Indians; and, although repeat- edly shot at, made its way home at a gallop, thus giving the alarm.
Meanwhile, the Indians had tom- ahawked the men, and, with the boys, had started for Penacook, ar- riving in due time.
Young Ladd was soon after de- tected in an attempt to escape. As punishment, he was tied to a tree by one of his feet, and retained there a fortnight, the Indians in the mean- time amusing themselves by gashing his face with their knives and filling the wounds with gunpowder, so ef- fectually tattooing him that he car- ried the marks to his grave. He re- turned home after a captivity of sev- eral years.
Young In ynes was redeemed by his friend some years after his cap- turc. He ingratiated himself into the good will of his Indian master so, that, on his departure for home, the savage presented him with a cane, as a token of esteeni.
Later in the vear, another party of red marauders, returning from a second raid on Andover, burned the buildings of Philip Eastman, in Ha- verhill.
This desultory warfare ended in May, a treaty having been signed with the Indians during that month at Casco. But peace was of short continuance, as the frontier towns were again threatened early in the year 1700.
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HISTORY OF HAVERHILL.
Sewell says, that, in 1699, many people "died of an unusual distem- per called the mumps."
The next year, a building was or- dered to be erected for use as a watch-house, schoolhouse, or for such other purpose as might be ne- cessary or convenient. It was built on Main St.
June 3d, it was ordered that a grammar-school be immediately es- tablished; and Richard Saltonstall was appointed to serve the town by procuring a teacher. In July, thirty pounds were raised for the purpose; but the project was given up.
At the annual town-meeting, in 1701, John White was chosen town- clerk in place of Nathaniel Salton- stall, who, having filled the office since 1668, now retired.
During the spring, pedatory bands of Indians were constantly travers- ing the woods in the vicinity of the town. One of them attacked the garrison of Jonathan Emerson, but were repulsed with the loss of two warriors.
An additional garrison was this year ordered to be established. It was located at the foot of Sanders Hill, in the northeasterly part of the town, at the house of James San- ders.
Thomas Whittier, - ancestor of our venerable poet,-who lived in the vicinity of the Sanders garrison, refused to sleep there nights, as was customary with the settlers during Indian troubles, but remained with- in his own dwelling, trusting to the reputation of his sect (Quakers) to preserve his family from harm. It is worthy of remark, that he was never disturbed, although frequent- ly visited by savages.
In 1702, ten pounds were added to the salary of Mr. Rolfe.
The town was this year "present- ed" for not having a schoolmaster, as required by law. One Mr. Tufts was hastily engaged, at a salary of thirty-four pounds. But, the fol- lowing year, the engagement of Mr. Tufts having expired, it was voted to take no further action concerning a school, because of Indian troubles.
CHAPTER IX.
A FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
THE protracted struggle, which now threatened the inhabitants of the frontier towns, began with the outbreak of hostilities similar to what is known as the French and Indian War, and the consequent incitement by the French of their savage allies.
The first onslaught on Haverhill came in 1704. On the afternoon of Feb. Sth, six Indians surprised the garrison of Joseph Bradley. A sen- try, Jonathan Johnson, who was away from his post,-being in the house,-discovered the Indians rush- ing through the open gateway. Rais- ing his musket, he shot and wound- ed the foremost; and Mrs. Bradley, snatching a ladle of boiling soap from the fire, dashed it upon the savage's head, scalding him to death.
Johnson was instantly slain by the remaining Indians, and Mrs. Bradley taken prisoner, together with four others .* A retreat was immediately begun, before the vil- lage could be alarmed.
The snow was deep; but Mrs. Bradley was compelled to carry a - *Pike's Journal
A
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A FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
heavy burden, and to keep pace with her captors. To add to the forlornness of her situation, she was pregnant; and, while in the wilder- ness, with only the savages for pro- tectors, and forced to subsist on bark and roots, her child was born. The Indians gashed its forehead with their knives, and afterwards piked it on a pole .*
As soon as Mrs. Bradley had re- gained some strength, the march toward Canada was resumed; and, on their arrival, the unfortunate woman was sold to the French for eighty livres.
The next year, Mrs. Bradley was ransomed by her husband, who jour nied all the way to Canada on foot. The re-united pair sailed from Mon- treal to Boston, and ultimately ar- rived safely at Haverhill. This is said to have been the second cap- tivity of Mrs. Bradley; but the evi- dence thereon is conflicting, and it is doubtful if such be a fact.
In August, 1704, another attack was made on Haverhill, and Joseph Page and Bartholomew Heath were slain, The particulars of the affair are unknown.
During 1705, no attacks were made by the savages; but the settlers were constantly on their guard.
John Swan and Jonathan Emer- son, at the annual town-meeting, were granted permission to build a gristmill on Little River.
A great freshet occurred in Feb- ruary, 1706.t
During the spring, the Indians once more began their forays on the frontier towns. On the 3d of July,
Serg. Kingsbury, of Haverhill, was killed or taken prisoner .*
Sometime during the summer, an attempt was made by the Indians to again take the house of Joseph Brad- ley, whose wife they had once or twice before taken captive. Ac- cording to tradition, the only occu- pants of the house at the time were Mr. Bradley, his wife, hired man, and children. It was a clear, moon- lit night, and the attacking party were discovered as they cautiously advanced. Mr. Bradley seized a gun, and aroused such of his family as were able to shoulder a piece. The savages, perceiving their fail- ure to surprise the inmates, flung themselves against the door in an attempt to break it in. Their united strength forced the door partly open, and one of their number began to crowd himself through the aperture. It was a fatal mistake. Mrs. Brad- ley-who had declared she would die rather than again be made pris- oner-shot him dead. His com- panions immediately retreated.
This was the last raid of 1706.
Crimes of a class now common in cities and large towns were not un- known at the time of which I write. Burglars having broken into the dwelling of Samuel Swan, and stolen the sum of fifty pounds, he peti- tioned the town for partial indem- nity. ITis petition was denied.t
May 21, 1707, Nathaniel Salton- stall died. IIe left three sons - Gur- don, Richard, and Nathaniel-and one daughter. ITis son Gurdon, who had graduated from Harvard in 1684, was settled as minister in New Lon-
* Pike. t Mirick.
*Abiel Abbott's MS. +Mirick.
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HISTORY OF HAVERHILL.
don, Conn .; and was Governor of Connecticut Colony from Jan. 1, 1708, to Sept. 20, 1724, the time of his death.
On the 24th of June, 1707, Joseph and Ebenezar, sons of Joseph Page, were killed by Indians. In August, another attack was made on Haver- hill; and Nathan Simonds, a towns- man, with Jonathan Marsh, of Sa- lem, was wounded. Nothing fur- ther is known concerning these two attacks.
After several months of inaction, trouble appeared in the spring of 1708. A council of French and In- dians had been held in Montreal; and its deliberations resulted in an agreement to raise a strong force to ravage the frontier of the English provinces. This force was to be composed of the principal warriors of every tribe in Canada, with French Canadians and officers of the French army, probably aggre- gating not less than eight hundred men. The Indians were to be led by La Perriere, while the French were to be commanded by De Chail- lons and the infamous Hertel de Rouville, who, four years previous, commanded at the Deerfield massa- cre.
It was decided to divide this army into two bodies -- the French, with the Algonquin, the St. Fran- cois, and the Huron Indians were to follow the route by the river St. Francois; and La Perriere, with the French Mohawk-, was to pass by Lake Champlain. Lake Nickisi_ pigue was the designated rendez- vous. and there they were to meet the Norridgewock, the Penobscot, and other Eastern tribes.
The Governor of the colony of Massachusetts Bay received infor- mation of this formidable invading force; and troops were immediately despatched to exposed settlements. A company of about forty men were ordered to Haverhill. They were accompanied by three Salem officers -Maj. Turner, Capt. Price, and Capt. Gardner. These soldiers were posted in the garrisons and the more exposed habitations.
On the 16th of July, the invaders began their southward march. But circumstances were against them. Before the party composed of the French and their Indian allies ar- rived at the St. Francois River, a Huron was accidentally killed by a companion. His tribe considered this an ill omen, and deserted. The Mohawks thereupon pretended that an infectious distemper had broken out among them, and also returned. Governor Vaudreuil sent orders for the expedition to proceed, even if the savages all deserted. But the Algonquins and the St. Francois remained.
When the expedition reached Lake Nickisipigue, it was discov- ered that the Eastern Indians had broken faith.
These repeated losses caused a modification of the original plan, which had been to attack Ports- mouth first, aud from thence to march rapidly through the frontier, spreading death and ruin on every hand. Their strength was now in- adequate to the task, the total force not exceeding two hundred and fifty men, but a fraction of the number which started from Canada.
Determined not to return without
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1774732 A FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
accomplishing something, it was decided to attack Haverhill, then a compact village of about thirty houses .*
At daybreak on the 29th of Au- gust, the foe appeared on the out- skirts of the village. Who first saw the enemy is not certainly known. One account states that John Kee- zar, while returning from Ames- bury, discovered them. Another declares they were first seen by one Hutchings, who was out early for the purpose of milking his neigh- bors' cows; while still another con- tends they were discovered by a young man who had gone to the common very early in order to catch his horse.
Warning came too late. With horrid war-whoops the Indians scat- tered through the village. A Mrs. Smith, while attempting to reach a garrison, was shot dead, being the first victim of that bloody day.
An instant attack was made on the house of Mr. Rolfe, the minis- ter, which stood on Summer St., on the site now occupied by the resi- dence of Dr. Moses Nichols. Mr. Rolfe, awakened from sleep by the yells of the Indians, leaped from his bed, threw himself against the door, -which was fast yielding before the furious blows of the attack,-and shouted to three soldiers, who were stationed in the house, for assist- ance. But they were pacing the floor, wringing their hands and cry- ing in fear.
. A shot crashed through the door, and shattered Mr. Rolfe's elbow. Finding it impossible long to oppose the entrance of the besiegers, he
fled through the house and out at the back door. Ile was overtaken at the well, and tomahawked. The savages killed Mrs. Rolfe and her youngest child, Mehitable, which they tore from the arms of its dying mother, and dashed its brains out against a stone.
Two other children, Elizabeth* and Mary, about six and eight years old respectively, were saved by Ha- gar, a slave, who, at the first alarm, covered each with a tub in the cel- lar, and concealed herself. The In- dians came into the cellar, repeated- ly passing the tubs without suspect- ing their contents. Another inmate of the dwelling, Anna Whittaker, escaped by hiding in an apple-chest under the stairs. The cowardly sol- diers, who dared not defend the house, were butchered with the other victims.
The house of Thomas Hartshorne stood a little west of the meeting- house. Mr. Hartshorne saw the enemy approaching, and, accom- panied by two sons, ran out of the house for assistance. All three were instantly shot dead. A third son was tomahawked as he passed through the door.
Mrs. Hartshorne, abandoning her infant, which lay on a bed in the attic,-lest it cry and betray her place of concealment,-took the re- mainder of her children, and retired through a trap-door to the cellar. Fortunately, the Indians did not discover them; but they threw the abandoned babe out the window, where it fell upon a pile of clap- boards, and was subsequently dis- -
*In after years she was mother of the wife of Samuel Adams.
*Hutchinson.
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HISTORY OF HAVERHILL.
covered to have been only stunned by the shock .*
The house of Lieut. John John- son stood on the site now covered by the Exchange Building, Water St. Mr. Johnson and his wife were standing in the doorway-his wife holding a child in her arms-when the savages made their appearance. Johnson was shot down in his tracks; and his wife, fleeing through the garden,t was overtaken and killed. The child was not injured, and, tradition says, was afterwards found vainly striving to draw nour- ishment from the breast of its mur- dered mother.
The dwelling of Mr. Silver, locat- ed near the meeting-house, was sacked and burned; but the watch- house was successfully defended.
Capt. Simon Wainwright, whose residence was on Winter St., direct- ly opposite the Winter St. Church, # was killed at the first fire. Soldiers stationed in the chambers of the dwelling were preparing to fight to the last extremity, when Mrs. Wain- wright unexpectedly unbarred the door, and let the Indians in. The savages, although puzzled by this move, demanded money. Mrs. Wainwright retired, ostensibly to fetch it; and escaped with all her children, except one daughter, who was captured.
Perceiving that they had been out- witted, the savages fiercely attacked the chambers. But the soldiers repulsed the assault; and also killed two Indians who, from behind a large stone a few rods east of the
*This infant grew to be a man of extraordinary stature and strength.
tWhere the Osgood Block, Main St., now stands #Chase.
house, had been firing upon the oc- cupants.
Two savages attacked the house of a villager named. Swan. They were perceived approaching, and Mr. Swan and his wife prepared to defend their home to the last ex- tremity. They resisted to the ut- most of their strength the efforts of the enemy to force an entrance; but at last the superior power of the red men began to tell. Perceiving this Mr. Swan, who seems to have been a timid man, despaired of keeping them out, and thought it would be wise to surrender. But his wife thought differently. Seizing a spit, which was nearly three feet long, she drove it through the body of the foremost Indian, who, notwithstand- ing his wound, managed to beat a precipitate retreat with his com- rade; and Mr. Swan's house was not again disturbed .*
The house of Nathan Simons was attacked, and Simons wounded in the arm. Nevertheless, he success- fully defended his dwelling, shoot- ing two of the savages.t
The rear of the meeting-house was set on fire by the enemy.
The foregoing incidents trans- pired at about the same time; for the work of plunder and rapine did not long continue. A villager by the name of Davis, going behind Mr. Rolfe's barn, struck on it®vio- lently with a club, at the same time shouting words of command, as if directing an attack. Thinking a large party of English were at hand; the Indians in Rolfe's house precip- itately retreated, giving the alarm.
*Tradition. tChase.
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A FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
A company of soldiers under Maj. Turner actually did arrive about that time, and the entire force of French and Indians began a rapid retreat.
It was now about sunrise. Davis, whose strategem had alarmed the enemy, extinguished the fire at the meeting-house; and tradition says, that Samuel Sibley was killed while throwing water on the flames .* He probably came from Salem with Maj. Turner.
The town was now fully aroused. Joseph Bradley collected a small force, and captured the enemy's baggage, which had been left in the woods about three miles north of the village. Capt. samuel Ayer rallied some twenty men, pursued the retreating foe, and came up with him as he was about to enter the . woods. The locality was in the West Parish, between the Derry Road (North Broadway) and the Parsonage Road, on a rise of land southeast of Long Hill. The in- vaders faced about, but were in- stantly attacked by Capt. Ayer, not- withstand q they greatly outnum- bered his Command. Reinforce- ments soon arrived under command of a son of the captain, perhaps making the total sixty or seventy men.
After an hour's sharp skirmish, the French and Indians were rout- ed, leaving a portion of their pris- oners and nine dead fighting-men in possession of the settlers.
The invaders were now in a sorry plight, and suffered much in their flight. With no provisions, and no medicines for the treatment of their wounded, -all having been captured -
with their baggage,-their condition was deplorable. Many of the French returned, and surrendered them- selves prisoners of war; and the In- dians released some of their cap- tives, sending back the message, that, if the settlers persisted in the pursuit, the remainder would be put to death.
In all, the invaders had thirty men killed, among them being Her- tel de Chambly, who was a brother of Rouville, and Vercheres, an offi- cer of experience, both slaln in the skirmish with Capt. Ayer; in which affray the famous sachem Assacam- buit, armed with a sword presented to him by Louis XIV., fought side by side with the French comman- der-in-chief.
In the onset of this action, the in- trepid Capt. Ayer was shot in the groin. Hle died almost instantly, bleeding so profusely that his sou did not recognize the body because "it had on a pair of red breeches." Capt. Ayer was one of the select- men and a deacon of the church.
Sixteen of the inhabitants of the town were slain during this bloody morning; viz., Rev. Benjamin Rolfe, his wife and one child; Mrs. Smith; Thomas Hartshorne and three sons; Lieut. John Johnson and his wife; Capt. Simon Wain- wright; Capt. Samuel Ayer; John Dalton; Ruth, wife of Thomas Ayer, and one daughter; and Ruth, wife of Thomas Johnson. In addi- tion, some thirty or forty were made prisoners.
The dead had now to be buried; and, the weather being extremely hot, haste was necessary. A large pit was dug in the burying-ground,
*Sibley's History of Union, Me.
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HISTORY OF HAVERHILL.
and a number of bodies deposited therein. Mr. Rolfe, with his wife and child, were buried in one grave near the south part of the grave- yard, and a monument was subse- quently erected to their memory.
Perry, in his historical discourse on Bradford, says that Nehemiah Carleton was shot from across the river at the time of the attack on Haverhill, and that a workman em- ployed in felling timber on the lia- verhill shore was also shot. It is probable he refers to this attack.
A party of the enemy were dis- covered within the boundaries of the town on Sept. 25th, but they were driven off without loss.
CHAPTER X.
PEACE SECURED.
AMONG the captives taken in the raid mentioned in the foregoing chapter was Mary, danghter of Capt. Simon Wainwright. A peti- tion for her redemption from her French captors was presented to the General Court by her mother in 1710.
One of the soldiers made prisoner at Capt. Wainwright's house was also taken prisoner. He returned in November, 1712, and wrote a nar- rative of his captivity. Hle belonged in Newbury, to which place he re- turned on coming back from Can- ada. The General Court ordered that £20, 15s be paid him, accord- ing to his petition for "charges and expenses to obtain his liberty."
On Oct. 18, 170r, the selectmen petitioned the General Court to abate the town's taxes because of the loss sustained by the Indian
raid, and that honorable body re- duced the tax by thirty pounds.
Feb. 7, 1709, at a town-meeting, was chosen a committee to confer with the Rev. Nicholas Seaver, who had preached in the town since the previous fall, in regard to his settle- ment. `A very liberal offer was af- terward made him: but Mr. Seaver demanded terms to which the town refused compliance, and so his la- bors in the town ended.
ITis successor was Rev. Richard Brown, who gave universal satis- faction, and was requested to re- main; but, for some reason, he de- clined after preaching in Haverhill twenty-four Sundays. The Rev. Joshna Gardner came next.
On the 29th of March, an attempt was made to murder Col. Richard Saltonstall by blowing up his dwell- ing during the night, with gunpow- der. The deed was accomplished by a negress (doubtless a slave) whom the colonel had punished some time previous. The house was practically demolished, and the inmates were scattered promiscu- ously in various directions. Happi- ly, none received fatal injuries. This deed could never be proved against the wench, but no doubt ex- isted that she was the perpetrator.
Dec. 7th, the town voted to pur- chase the house of the late Rev. Benjamin Rolfe. Three hundred pounds was the price paid for house and land.
May 15, 1710, the town unani- mously voted to invite Rev. Joshua Gardner to become their settled minister. In October, at a church meeting, it was agreed that his sal- ary should be seventy pounds per
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RETROSPECTIVE.
annum, one-half in money, the re- mainder in corn. At a town-meet- ing in December, a letter was read from Mr. Gardner, accepting the proffered position. He was ordained Jan. 10, 1711.
The town did not negleet precau- tions to prevent another Indian sur- prise. The garrisons were always manned, and the parsonage house was repaired and fortified. 1 com- pany of soldiers, commanded by Lieut .- Col. Saltonstall, was kept drilled and equipped; and, by order of the General Court, each soldier was supplied with a pair of snow- shoes.
An unsuccessful attempt to pro- eure a grammar school teacher was made during the year. Obadiah Ayer, however, kept a school half the year, to teach "reading, writing, and ciphering."
John Swett, a native of Newbury, was this year appointed ferryman at the Rocks.
In 1712, the town was again "pre- sented" for not having a school- master.
During the spring of the succeed- ing year, the town directed the se- leetmen to build two schoolhouses, one in the northwestern part of the town, the other in the northeastern. A schoolmaster was also provided.
.
Articles of peace between the In- dians and the colony were signed at Portsmouth on July 13, 1713. The event was hailed with greatest joy by red men and white; for peace promised to be lasting, and war had brought only death and calamity to all.
CHAPTER XI.
RETROSPECTIVE.
WHAT may be designated the first era of Haverhill's history was now complete. Henceforth the horrors of war were not to be hers. From a stockaded hamlet, whose inhabi- tants lived in perpetual dread of the savage foe, she was to blossom into a flourishing colonial town. For al- most seventy-five years she had waged a bitter and doubtful battle for existence. Notwithstanding she was now larger than at the begin- ning, only those familiar to border life were able to maintain a foot- holl within her boundaries. But peace brought its blessings of pros- perity and ultimate wealth; and the plantation of Pentueket waxed strong, and multiplied exceedingly in the years that followed. The frontier settlement of 1713 was far different from the flourishing town of 1797, of which Robert Gilmore, a Baltimore gentleman, wrote as fol- lows, in his " Memorandums made in a tour of the Eastern States, in the year 1797:" --
"At fom o'clock on Monday, I got into the stage, and returned to Boston by the way of Exeter and Haverhill, both of which are very pretty little villages, particularly the latter, which is situated very pleasantly on the banks of the Mer- rimack. Across the river is thrown one of the new constructed bridges, like that of Piscataqua, only this has three arches instead of one, and the works which supports the whole is above instead of being just below the bridge. I had time enough be- fore dinner to step to the water's
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HISTORY OF HAVERHILL.
edge, and take a sketch of it. While I stood there with my drawing-book laid upon a pile of plank which hap- pened to be convenient, and intent upon my work, I did not observe the tide, which rose to my feet;
and, on looking down, perceived myself up to my ankles in the river. The water rose so gradually that I did not not feel it, and never sus- pected that it could have been the case."
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