USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > Guide at a glance of historic Boston > Part 2
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Governor Andros took that corner of the old Burying place in 1688 for the first Episcopal Chapel in New England. Graves of early settlers were disturbed and stone memorials removed from the site. Tombs were built under that wooden chapel which was enlarged in 1710. GOV- ERNOR WINTHROP, WILLIAM DAWES, JR., (who rode with Paul Revere), MARY CHILTON (the only Pilgrim who came to Boston to live: the first white woman in the country to live in Boston and the first Pilgrim to step on Plymouth Rock), Captain ROBERT KEAYNE (Foun- der and the first commander of the ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY (oldest military organization in this country), early Governors, Ministers and others of prominence in the Massachusetts Bay Colony are buried in this, the first Burial ground in Boston. It has been told that the heroine of Hawthorne's "Scarlet Letter" rests herein.
DIRECTIONS TO NEXT HISTORIC SPOT OF INTEREST
From "KING'S CHAPEL" go left down School Street past City Hall to the "OLD SOUTH MEETING HOUSE," which ranks with Independence Hall in Philadelphia as a most notable landmark and reminder of early America on the Continent. (Small admission fee.)
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The Old South Meeting House Dedicated 1730
This meeting house, erected in 1729, replaced the "Ce- dar" meeting house, the orig- inal home of the third Con- gregational church gathered in Boston. Alone from its very beginning, the third Congregational church mem- bership stood for freedom of worship and political equality. It is not surprising then, that when Faneuil Hall repeatedly proved too small for the town meetings of the Patriots, those meetings were adjourned to "Old South."
In the "Old House" Gov- ernor Andros forcibly caused the Episcopal service read; in that same "Old House" Judge Sewall stood up in his pew while his confession of contrition was read for his share in the witchcraft de- lusion of 1692; and it is to the "Old House" Josiah Franklin took his three-hour old son, BENJA- MIN, for baptism that blizzardy January 17, 1706.
In this present edifice an overflow town-meeting waited all night in March 1770 until Governor Hutchinson agreed to withdraw the Brit- ish regiments after the Boston Massacre. On November 29, 1773, five thousand citizens resolved that tea should not be landed in Boston, and in this House December 16, 1773, several thousand citizens sat till after candlelight while messenger after messenger went to Governor Hutchin- son at Milton. The last messenger returned with word that Hutchinson would not move the Tea from Boston, and then Adams standing in the pulpit announced "This Meeting can do nothing more to save the coun- try" (evidently a signal). Immediately the war whoop of Indians was heard and citizens disguised as Indians rushed to Griffin's Wharf for Boston's famous Tea Party.
Lovell, Warren, Church and Hancock delivered orations commem- orative of the Boston Massacre from 1771 to 1775, and Joseph Warren, a short three months before he met death at Bunker Hill, delivered a sec- ond oration. It was at this meeting Warren was forced to climb into the church through a window, ". .. the aisles and steps of the pulpit being filled with British soldiers and officers."
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Interior of Old South Meeting House
Gen. Burgoyne established a rid- ing school for British troops in the church in 1775. The pews and pulpits were torn away and used for fire wood. The floor was then covered deeply with dirt and a pole set up over which to jump the horses. A bar was set up in the first gal- lery, a refresh- ment bar, where drinks were serv-
ed to spectators. When WASHINGTON entered Boston in Triumph in March, 1776, he looked down upon the scene of desolation from the east- ern gallery.
The Old South tower has an interesting story. In the "Steeple Chamber" Rev. Thomas Prince had his study and collected his New England Library. Among other treasures was Governor Bradford's "His- tory of Plimoth Plantation." This priceless document disappeared, but was later found in the Palace of the Bishop of London at Fulham. It has since been returned to this country and may be seen at the State House.
Set your watch by the clock in the tower: it was ticking away when Boston welcomed President Washington and Washington Street was named in his honor. In the museum of this famous edifice you will see much of interest, the "Boston Model" will fascinate you.
"Old South" was saved for us by generous citizens; the women of Boston and New England playing a prominent part in its preservation. It is open to visitors for a small fee.
Illustrations through courtesy of The Old South Associates in Boston.
DIRECTIONS TO NEXT HISTORIC SPOT OF INTEREST
From the "OLD SOUTH MEETING HOUSE" go down Washington Street to the "OLD STATE HOUSE." (Turn right down State Street to entrance.)
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The Old State House
--
The Old State House occupies the identical site in the earliest marketing place of Boston chosen for the first Town House. That structure (1657) burned in 1711. The present build- ing was erected in 1713 and re-built in 1748 after the interior was de- stroyed by fire in 1747.
The first reli- gious service of The Church of England was held in this edifice June 6, 1686. The Town Library, the first public library in America, was estab- lished herein.
The Square in front of the Old State House was
the gathering place of the populace from Colonial through the Province period. On the evening of March 5, 1770, The Boston Massacre occurred here which claimed five victims, including Crispus Attucks, a Negro.
From the eastern balcony The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed to a great concourse of people assembled in King (now State) Street in 1776. In the Council Chamber the famous expedition was organ- ized which resulted in the capture of Louisburg from the French. John Hancock was inaugurated as first Governor of Massachusetts in this same Council Chamber.
."Here the loyal assemblies obeyed the Crown. Here the Spirit of Liberty was aroused and guided by the eloquent appeals and sagacious councils of Otis, Adams, Quincy, Warren, Cushing and Hancock."
.
Here James Otis argued against the Writs of Assistance. It was this speech that inspired John Adams to later say: "THEN AND THERE THE CHILD INDEPENDENCE WAS BORN." The Old State House is now occupied by the Bostonian Society. The Society collection of histor- ical material and the Marine Museum Collection are open to visitors.
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THE GLORIES F STATE STREET
To begin with the whipping post, the cage for Sabbath Breakers, the stocks and pillory, and other so called "Conveniences" were located in the Market Place and it's vicinity while from the Town House itself radiated the various departments and functions of civic management
(Change Ave)
Damnation Allley
AMERICAN TRUST CO
(Exchange St)
Shrimpton's Lane
The Great Street to the Sea- (State St.)
(Kilby St)
Mackril
Lane
Street
"The second period in the history of the Old State House may be said to extend from its rebuilding in 1748 to the time when it was abandoned by State Officials who, on January 11, 1798, marched in picturesque procession from its closing portals to Beacon Hill where they tock formal possession of the new State House which had been erected on its summit"
STATE STREET TRUST CO
(Congress St)
Lane
Quaker
QUAKER MEETING
LH HOUSE
(FRIENDS)
1709
1632 FIRST MEETING HOUSE
PREACHERS
John Wilson -John Eliot-John Cotton Used before 1640 for Town Meetings and for Sessions of the General Court.
(Devonshire St )
Pudding Lane
STATE STREET
STATE STREET MEMORIES AND CELEBRATIONS
MEMORIES AND CELEBRATIONS
FIRST MEETING HOUSE
1632
OPEN MARKET - STEAD
1632
TOWN LIBRARY 1683 TO 1711
EXAMINATION OF CAPT. KIDD 1699
GOV ANDROS OVERTHROWN 1689
CAPTURE OF LOUISBURG 1746
IMPRESSMENT OF SAILORS
1747
WRITS OF ASSISTANCE
1761
REPEAL OF STAMP TAX
1766
MASONIC BODIES 1820 TO 1830
BOSTON MASSACRE
1770
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
1776
OLD STATE HOUSE
PŁACE WITH ENGLAND
1783
Cornhill
(Washington St.)
Henry Price of Boston was appointed Grand Master for New England by Viscount Montague (or Montacute) Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Eng- land in 1733. July 30, 1733 he organized his Provincial Grand Lodge (known thereafter as the St. John's Grand Lodge) at the Bunch of Grapes Tavern often described as being at the head of Long Wharf (Kilby St.) thus founding regular and duly organized Freemasonry in America.
DIRECTIONS TO NEXT HISTORIC SPOT OF INTEREST
In front of the "OLD STATE HOUSE" a raised circle of paving stones at the intersection of Congress Street marks the point of the "BOSTON MASSACRE." Turn left on Congress Street, one block to "FANEUIL HALL." (From the State House on top of Beacon Hill to Faneuil Hall is one half mile.)
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THE MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK
( Devonshire St)
Crooked
Lane
FIRST TOWN HOUSE
1657
'MERCHANTS IN FAIR WEATHER MAKE THEIR CHANGE IN THE OPEN STREET
AT THE EASTERMOST END OF THE TOWN HOUSE" HENCE - CHANGE ST., EXCHANGE ST, AND CHANGE AVE. TOWN HOUSE IN PART LEASED TO
HERE INDEPENDENCE WAS BORN
RECEPTION TO GEORGE WASHINGTON 1789
King
Faneuil Hall, "The Cradle of Liberty"
ML HARVEY
The first Faneuil Hall, completed in 1742, burned in 1761 and was rebuilt in 1763. That structure enlarged by architect Charles Bulfinch in 1805, is embraced in the present building.
Before and after the Revolution many patriotic meetings were held in Faneuil Hall, which kept alive the fires of freedom among the people and stirred them to great deeds. Because of these meetings it became
Peter Faneuil, called by John Hancock "the topmost merchant in all the town," was much inconvenienced by the lack of a market house in Boston. In 1740 he generously offered“. . to erect a noble and com- plete structure ... for the sole use, benefit and advantage of the town ... " The hall over the market stalls became one of the most famous rooms in the history of the world. In the first Town Meeting held therein it was described as "spacious and beau- tiful," and in the same vote was named FAN- EUIL HALL in testi- mony of the town's gratitude to the giver.
Faneuil Hall with Custom House Tower in background
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known as THE CRADLE OF LIBERTY.
During the siege of Boston the Hall was used by British officers as a playhouse. In the same Hall at a later date President Washington was officially banqueted by the city of Boston.
The armory and museum of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the oldest military company in North America, occupies the third floor. Famous indeed is the gilded grasshopper weather-vane fash- ioned from sheet copper in 1742 by the "cunning artificer" "Deacon" Shem Drowne.
Faneuil Hall is never let for money. It is opened to the people for meetings on request of a certain number of citizens, and is open to visitors.
Two Historic Eating Places
Within 100 yards are two famous eating places of historic interest, Durgin Park on North Market Street which is on the North side of Faneuil Hall and The Union Oyster House on Union Street at the corner of Marshall Lane. Union Street runs across in front of Faneuil Hall. I recommend them to you.
Durgin-Park at 30 North Market Street, "In The Sha- DURGIQ-PARK dow of Faneuil Hall" was established long before YOU were born. Since 1827 Stars MARKET DINING ROOMS of the stage, screen and radio, Statesmen and Politicians, Boston Blue Bloods from Bea- con Hill, Market-men and Writers, and us plain folks from everywhere have enjoyed there the same real food that Grandfather and Grandmother used to eat there. No eating place so crude was ever so famous. The combination kit- chen-dining rooms above a market warehouse have chang- ed little in over 100 years. Electric bulbs dangle from long cords to light the place. The tablecloths in one part, "the Brickyard," are red-check- ed, and a huge water pitcher EAST VIEW OF FANEUIL HALL MARKET. 0 18270 and piles of napkins are on each table. It is a noisy place. Many customers know the waitresses, and the waitresses call them by their first names. Some shout personal direc- tions to the chef: in rush hours they may help themselves to dessert. You sit just where you choose but be warned-the Old-Timers want the same seat at the same table at the same time and the same waitress every week
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day. But the good food wins over all the din and apparent confusion. 400,000 patrons a year climb the worn stairs for Durgin-Park chowders, New England Boiled Dinners, freshly baked johnny cake and apple pan dowdy. The beef-stews, schrod, lobster and fried cod's tongues speak for themselves. Never has Durgin-Park served liquor, but it does serve apple cider, and from January to September the finest old fashioned Strawberry Shortcake you have ever tasted. In season you are offered venison pie, bear steak and even racoon. Be sure now, when YOU eat at Durgin-Park's, and of course you are going to eat there, to ask Albert for his recipe for the famous Baked Indian Pudding: it's printed and waiting for you.
UNION OYSTER HOUSE
NION OYSTER HOUSE
YE OLD OYSTER HOUSE NE ULD UISTER MOUSE
YE OLD OYSTER HOUSE
UNION OYSTER HOUSE
Your visit to Boston would not be complete without a call at the Historical Oyster House which has been doing contin- uous business since 1826, with the same stalls and oyster bar in their original positions.
On the second floor of this building lived Louis Philippe, afterwards King of France, during his exile, and here he taught the French language to many prominent Bostonians of the period.
Previous to 1826 it had been STERS LOBSTER MEAT YE OLDE OYSTER HOUSE the well-known store of Thom- as Capen, importer of silks and fancy dress goods, and was known as "At the Sign of the Cornfields." Thomas Ca- pen succeeded his father, Hopestill Capen, with whom in 1769 Benjamin Thompson of Woburn, afterwards Count Rumford, was apprenticed as Clerk. Here at the same time the distinguished merchant, Thomas Park- man, learned his trade. In the upper part of this building, Isaiah Thomas published the "Massachusetts Spy," having for its motto, "Open to all parties, but influenced by none," from 1771 to the beginning of hostilities of the Revolutionary War in April 1775, when it was moved to Worcester, Mass., where it was long known as the oldest paper in America in point of continuous service. During a part of the Revolutionary Period, Eben- ezer Hancock, a Continental Army paymaster, had his headquarters here.
Thirty yards up Marshall Lane is The Marshall House, reputedly the oldest brick building in Boston, and the Boston Stone (from which distances were measured).
DIRECTIONS TO NEXT HISTORIC SPOT OF INTEREST
Returning to Faneuil Hall turn left on North Street to Paul Revere's House, in North Square (where North Street bears right). Oldest frame dwelling in Boston. (Restored.) (Small admission fee.)
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The Paul Revere House
This famous house, in the old North End of Boston, is the oldest frame building in the city and the only type of a Colonial dwelling in the country situated in the heart of a large city.
It was built soon after the great fire of 1676 on the site of Rev. Increase Mather's home, which was destroyed in that disaster.
David Je ahahawano
Paul Revere House-Boston, Massachusetts
The house is low studded and two stories high with L. The second story projects and overhangs the first. The roof is pitched. On the ground floor are the living room and kitchen, each having a large fireplace, the one in the living room large enough for a man to stand in without stooping. The fireplace in the kitchen is exactly as it was when Revere lived in the house, and in it hangs the old crane used by him. The origi- nal window frames show the windows were evidently built with casement sashes and leaded diamond panes. On the original plastered walls of the living room was found an architectural landscape paper. On the back
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of this paper was discovered a "hall mark," probably a Royal warrant for manufacture. The face of the paper is a scene representing one of the old London Church Towers. There are two rooms on the second floor; some of the floor boards are twenty-three inches wide and no doubt the very boards upon which Revere and his family walked. It is quite probable that the Reveres lived in the house before he purchas- ed it in 1770 to occupy it as owner for some 30 years. records show he paid 213 pounds, 6 shillings and 8 pence for it, giving a mortgage on the same for 160
THE KITCHEN FIREPLACE AND BAKE OVEN Mrs. Revere's Rolling Pin hangs from the Mantle
pounds. From the doorway of this old North Square house Revere went forth on his fa- mous "Midnight
Ride," April 18, 1775.
In the upper win- dows Revere dis-
played illustrated pictures on the first anniversary of the Boston Mas- sacre, transparen- cies so awful we read, the assembly of spectators were struck " ... with solemn silence . . their countenances . . covered with .
a melancholy gloom." In the south window was the appearance of the ghost of Chris- topher Snider (a Boston boy killed by British soldiers some days before
THE BED ROOM Revere's "Powder Proof" was used at the Canton Powder Mill
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the Boston Massacre) "with one of his fingers in the wound, endeavoring to stop the blood issuing therefrom; near him his friends weeping; at a small distance, a monumental pyramid with his name on top, and the names of those killed on the Fifth of March round the base;" underneath was this inscription:
"Snider's pale ghost fresh bleeding stands, And vengeance for his death demands."
THE LIVING ROOM FIREPLACE AND BAKE OVEN
In the next window were represented the soldiers drawn up firing at the people assembled before them; the dead on the ground the wounded fall- ing and blood
streaming from their wounds; over this was written- "FOUL PLAY." In the third win- dow was the figure of a woman, rep- resenting America, sitting on the stump of a tree, with a staff in her hand with the cap of lib-
erty on its top, one foot on the head of a gren- adier, lying pros- trate, grasping a serpent, her fin- ger pointing to the tragedy.
Numerous pieces of furniture have been given to the house as well as several pieces which belonged to Revere, in- cluding a water ewer, flint lock pistols, a lantern made by Revere, his cane, a bed post from his
THE LIVING ROOM Mrs. Revere's Portrait hangs above the Chest
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bed, his toddy warmer, Mrs. Revere's rolling pin, pewter dishes, Revere's own saddle bags, and his small box for papers.
The house is owned by the Paul Revere Memorial Association, and for a small fee is open to visitors.
EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF PAUL REVERE
This statue by Cyrus E. Dallin may be seen in the rear of Christ Church, "The Old North Church of Paul Revere Fame."
The Rides of Paul Revere, William Dawes and Dr. Prescott
Paul Revere and William Dawes (a forebear of former Vice Pres. Dawes) were sent by Dr. Joseph Warren (hero of Bunker Hill) "to go to Lexington, and inform Mr. Samuel Adams and the Honl. John Hancock Esqr. ... of the British advance to take them, or go to Concord, to destroy the Colony stores."
In the light of a rising moon Revere was rowed a. cross the Charles by two friends, Thomas Richardson and Joshua Bently. In Charlestown he met Colonel Conant and others who had seen the two signal lan- terns shown from the Old North Church steeple, a sig- nal arranged to warn them that the British were leaving Boston by water.
Securing a horse from Deacon John Larkin, Revere "sett off" about eleven o'clock for Lexington. He es caped a British patrol. A little past midnight he found Adams and Hancock at the home of Rev. Jonas Clark, the Hancock-Clarke House, and delivered his message When Revere rode up to the door the Minute-men on guard cautioned him to make no noise. "NOISE" an- swered Revere, "YOU'LL HAVE NOISE ENOUGH BEFORE MORNING. THE REGULARS ARE COM- ING OUT."
To better insure sufficient warning of the British advance Dr. Warren had sent another messenger to Lexington and Concord by a longer land route, a Mr. William Dawes Jr., who rode cut through Boston Neck, Roxbury and Cambridge. Dawes arrived at Rev. Mr. Clark's home within half an hour after Revere.
(During the war Dawes served as Assistant Commissary of Issues at the Magazine in Worcester.)
Together Revere and Dawes set off for Concord, and were overtaken by a young Doctor, Samuel Pres- cott, a High Son of Liberty. Dr. Prescott, who had acourting been, offered to join them in spreading the alarm. (Dr. Prescott later enlisted on a Privateer which was captured. He died in the British prison at Halifax.)
About halfway between Lexington and Concord the three were intercepted by British patrols. Dawes es- caped: but Revere and Prescott were forced off the road into a pasture. Prescott jumped his horse over a low stone wall and carried the warning to Lincoln, Con- cord and Acton. Revere could not escape, and after severe questioning was taken back towards Lexington where he was released near the Meeting House. He returned to Rev. Mr Clark's and urged Adams and Hancock to seek safety accompanying them part way towards Woburn.
Revere then returned to the Buckman Tavern (ren- dezvous of the Minute-men) with a Mr. Lowell, a clerk to Mr. Hancock to secure a trunk of papers belonging to Mr. Hancock. From a chamber window he watched the British approach, and hurried from the Tavern passing through Capt. Parker's men on the Green. ". . . when I saw & heard a gun fired . . . then . two guns, & then a continual roar of musquetry . the opening of the Battle of Lexington Green.
DIRECTIONS TO NEXT HISTORIC SPOT OF INTEREST Past the "PAUL REVERE HOUSE" to end of street, turn left on Fleet Street to end, and right on Salem Street to the "OLD NORTH CHURCH."
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CONCORD
LEXINGTON
ARLINGTON
MEDFORD
By the rude bridge that arched the flood Their flag in April's breeze unfurled Here once the embattled farmers stood. And fired the shot heard 'round the world
ELUDING
THE
CONCORD MINUTE MAN STATUE
BRITISH. PRESCOTT MADE HIS WAY TO THE HARTWELL FARM AROUSING THE FAMILY. HE UROED THAT THEY SPREAD THE ALARM TO CAPT. SMITH
JOHN HANCOCK & SAML ADAMS ESCAPING TO BURLINGTON "DOROTHY QUINCY AND A FINE SALMON DINNER
LEXINGTON MINUTE MAN STATUE 900
TO FOLLOW
OF THEDRALINCOLN
APRIL 19 1875
E .. MINUTE MEN !THEN SPED TO
ROAD TO
O BEDFORD
CONCORD
co
MONUMENT
BULLET HOLE
MERRIAM HOUSE
HOUSE
PAUL REVERE 1735-1818 Buried Granary Burial Ground
WILLIAM DAWES 1745 - 1799 Buried King's Chapel Burial Ground
HARRINGTON
HOUSE
Prescott
BUCKMAN E-TAVERN
Dawes
~ 1703
Revere
AVENUE -
OLO 1761 BELFRY
STOPPEO BY BRITISH
MUNROE TAVERN CID . Earl Percys Hdqts
Mysticl'
Revere
REVERES RIDE TO THE HANCOCK CLARKE HOUSE
· MEDFORD (MI STICK)
12.98 MILES
ST. HIGH
ST.
1
ISAAC ROYAL
F HALL HOUSE
HOUSE
-1138
Siege of Boston
THE DAWES FAMILY -
POWOEnHa
1720*
Among the founders and outstanding_ members of the Old South Meeting House in Boston - 1669 - 1800
A
Dawes
SOMERVILLE
AVENUE
BRITISH
W AL T
H
A
M
DG O
E
RETREAT ..
BARRETT FAMILY Plowing in and hiding Colonial Stores
HARVARD
BRITISH MAN-O-WAR
--
CHARLESTOWN
BELMONT
COLLEGE
-START OF
PAUL REVERE + RIDE
CHRIST CHURCH OLO NORTH"
FOLD CAMBRIDGE
BOSTOM
One of by Land and two if by sea"
1662 - Site of
STOND
ary Andersen
idge
WAYSIDE INN- 1686 When men lived in a grander way
With ampler hospitality."
BR
14 GHTON
Boylston & Charles Sh
Earl Percy's Relief Column
HAG
from Boston to Lexington same route as Dawes
BOSTON NECK
START OF DAWES RIDE
Lieut Col Smith in command of British Regulars Boston Comman to Concord
Dawes
WASHINGTON
BOSTON
RIDES
BROOKLINE VILLAGE.
ROX BURY ST
TREMONT ST
HUNTINGTON AVE
SOUTH BOSTON
BOSTON STONE ( MARSHALL LANE )
A Central Point from which all Distances from Boston were figured
about 20 Miles
Wayside Inn Arlington
.
10
.
Lexington
.
Paul Revere House
Christ Chure "old North'
Signal Lantern of Paul Revere
Concord
Drawn by Ivan Chisholm - Braintree
SOMERVILLE
CAMBRIDGE CHARLESTOWN
BRIGHTON
BROOKLINE
2
WRIGHT TAVERN 1747 O
WILLIAMDODIAMONO
L
Lexington Drummer Boy assembling Minute Men" at Daybreak April 19 1775
NCORD :
TON
MEOFORD
Hdaters Gent. Stark
THOREAU CAIRN -
Walden Pd.
Z
RUSSELL HOUSE 12 Minute Men killed here
by Retreating British
BROADWA
FOR
River
NECK
THE N
-TSOMERSET
OMISSOUY
ONVAOU
DIALER As any in the land may be. Built in the Old Colonial Day
Charles
STREE
POINT OF
OLO
SOUTH MEETING HO.
DEPARTURE OF BRITISH
NARRATIVE
PICTURE STORY OF THE
HARVARD O.
1 .HARBOR
Paul Revere and William Dawes(a forebear of former Vice-President Dawes) were sent by Joseph Warren (hero of Bunker Hill) to inform John Hancock and Samuel Adams of the British Advance"to Take Them, or go to Concord, to, destroy the Colony Stores." In the light of a rising moon Revere was rowed across the Charles River by two friends. Securing a horse he "seft off" about eleven oclock one hour after Dawes had left through Boston Neck. They arrived in Lexington one-half hour apart
HISTORICAL
OF
BROOKLINE
Between Lexington and Concord they were overtaken by Samuel Prescott a young Doctor"a high son of Liberty" who had a courting been and soon were intercepted by British Patrols. Prescott escaped carrying the warning to Concord; Dawes escaped the Patrol; and Revere was released in time to see the opening of the skirmish at Lexington Green
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