USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Framingham > History of Framingham, Massachusetts, including the Plantation, from 1640 to the present time, with an appendix, containing a notice of Sudbury and its first proprietors > Part 16
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BEAVER DAM BROOK, once called Steep Brook, is formed of the S. and E. outlets of Washakum Pond, and flows in a direction N. of E., S. of Mr. Sylvanus Phipps' house, into Sherburne.
BAITING BROOK, is the name anciently given to the brook which crosses the road near Mr. Amasa Kendall's house, and empties into Sudbury river.
ANGELLICO BROOK, is referred to as the W. bound of Mr. Dan- forth's farm .*
CHERRY MEADOW BROOK, is described as on the Corlet farm, and a bound of land sold to Samuel Winch, Sen.
INDIAN BROOK, is referred to as near Cochituate brook on the E. BIRCH MEADOW BROOK, referred to in ancient deeds.
SQUARE MEADOW BROOK, now called Dadmun's Brook, flows into the Sudbury river, near the house of W. Dadmun.
DUNSDELL BROOK, ¡ crosses the road near the house late of E. Jones, now occupied by Mr. Hudson, and flows into Sudbury river.
BOARDMAN'S BROOK flows from the N. into Sudbury river, at Saxonville, above the falls.
STRAWBERRY CORNER BROOK, is referred to, 1710, in the will of Henry Rice of this town.
COURSE BROOK, rises near the Worcester Turnpike, on the east border of the town, and flows in a nearly N. Easterly course, into Cochituate broook.
The "GREAT DRAIN,"-a brook so called at Rice's end.
MEADOWS, SWAMPS, ETC.
GUINEA MEADOWS, in the S.E. part of the town, extending about two miles from S.W. to N.E .;
POD MEADOW, at the N.E. corner of the town, about 12 acres in extent, owned by Mr. Luther Stone.
* Could this have been the modern Angle Brook ?
t The origin of this name is un- known. In Sudbury, 1697, Mary Bacon conveyed to Josiah Haynes, a farm S.W. of the great river, at a place commonly called " Dunsdale." A William Densdell lived, probably
at Chelmsford, about 1674. Mid. Deeds, V. 115.
# Mr. Abel Eames was informed by his grand-father, that this meadow was once accidentally set on fire, and burned to a superficial extent of two miles, doing serious damage to the soil.
144
TOPOGRAPHY OF FRAMINGHAM.
INDIAN HEAD MEADOW, E. of Indian head hill.
JACOBS' MEADOW, owned by John Bent, 1717. It is perhaps the same called also " Indian Jacob's Meadow."
FLAGG MEADOW, owned by Tho. Read, Sen., 1693, in the N. part of the town.
BEAVER HOLE MEADOW, owned by Caleb Johnson 1716, in the E. part of the town.
COLLER'S MEADOW, beyond Mrs. Dadmun's house.
BENJAMIN'S MEADOW, at Rice's end.
WAIT MEADOW, S. of the river, near the site of the first meet- ing house.
RATTLE SNAKE MEADOW, "between Sudbury and Framing- ham ; " sold by M. and J. Gibbs to Nath. Stone, 1697.
JACOBS' FURTHER MEADOW, in the S.E. part of the town.
WILD CAT MEADOWS, near Mr. Eben. Clafflin's house.
DUNSDELL MEADOW, on Dunsdell brook.
BIRCH MEADOW.
JACKETT MEADOW, on the lower part of Baiting Brook. The last three owned, 1696, by Daniel Stone.
ASHEN SWAMP, near Washakum Pond.
WOLF SWAMP, on the Corlett Farm, near the present Frost house.
DEER SWAMP, between Mr. Bennett's and the Bent farm.
ROE SWAMP, between Mr. Charles Fiske's and the old Walker place.
PRATT'S PLAIN, about one mile E. from the centre village.
WILLOW PLAIN, about 40 rods N. of Mr. Curtis Childs' house.
BRIDGE FIELD, now occupied by the carpet factory.
ROGERS FIELD, an extensive tract W. of the falls.
LAKES AND PONDS.
COCHITUATE LAKE, or LONG POND, situated on the N.E. bounds of Framingham, lies in Framingham, Natick, and Wayland. In ancient deeds and surveys, it bears, in general, the name of Cochi- tuate, sometimes of Cochichawick, and in a few instances of Wachi- tuate ; which last is given to it on Gore's Survey of " the farmes and quantity of a parcel of land, commonly called Framingham,"
145
COCHITUATE POND.
executed in Oct. 1699. Its extent, in a-right line from N. to S., is about three and a half miles ; but following its irregular wind- ings, its length is considerably greater. Its breadth, at the wid- est part, exceeds half a mile. Its circumference, at the water's edge, when at its medium height, measures 10 miles and 23 feet.
This lake presents the appearance of two bodies of water, unit- ed by a narrow strait, over which passes the railroad from Saxon- ville. Of the two divisions, the northerly part is the longer ; which is itself divided into two ponds, communicating by a passage less narrow than the former, which is crossed by the new road from Framingham to Newton. Both these straits were ancient " crossings " or " fording places." Over the first and the nar- rowest, a road was anciently constructed of loose stones, traces of which are still discoverable beneath the surface, at a depth of about three feet. The greatest depth of water in the lake, at its highest flood, is about 69 feet, which is in its southerly section ; the greatest depth in the middle section, is 61 feet ; and in the northerly section, 48 feet. The area of the entire lake at low water, when the surface is even with the flume at the outlet, has been ascertained, by recent surveys, to be 489 acres ; when raised 17 inches above the flume, 504 acres ; when three feet above, 559 acres ; when six and a half feet above, 659 acres ; and when eight feet above, 684 acres. In the southerly section is a small island, called Gipsy Island.
"Cochituate Pond " possesses a degree of historical interest, the contiguous territory having been a place of resort to the abo- riginal race, numerous traces of whose ancient habitancy in the neighborhood, are frequently to be discovered, and more particu- larly about the southerly " crossing." The fishery of this lake must have been to them important and valuable. Since modern enterprise has obstructed the channel of communication with the sea, its primitive consequence has ceased.
The celebrated Dunster Farm, the property of Pres. Dunster,* lay contiguous to the northerly bounds of the lake. The first christian habitation in its immediate vicinity, was probably crect- ed, a few years later, by Edmund Rice. Settlements soon ex-
* The Dunster Farm, as conveyed in 1659, began where the " two ponds come nearest together,' (i.e., Dudley
and Cochituate Ponds) ; and extend- ed to the fording place of Cochituate Pond.
13
146
TOPOGRAPHY OF FRAMINGHAM.
tended along the Cochituate brook, by which the waters of the pond are discharged into Sudbury river. This entire region, sometimes denominated COCHITUATE, is full of historical interest, as the locality in this township where the footsteps of civilization are first traced.
The waters of Cochituate Pond appear to have been unappro- priated to mechanical uses, until near the war of the Revolution ; when a fulling mill was erected towards its outlet. After the ter- mination of the war, a grist mill was put in operation by Deacon Wm. Brown, nearer the pond. Within a few years, the enter- prise of an individual, (Mr. William H. Knight,) who in 1830 obtained possession of the water privilege of the pond, greatly enlarged its resources, and rendered it an important tributary to the industry and prosperity of the town. In 1834, the attention of the public was directed to this pond, as a desirable and abun- dant source for the supply of fresh water to the metropolis. The rival claims of other proposed sources, delayed the issue, until June 25, 1846; when the water privilege and the extensive man- ufacturing establishment connected with Cochituate pond, both in the possession of Mr. Knight, were purchased by the city of Bos- ton, upon terms liberal and mutually satisfactory to the parties. A plan for the construction of an aqueduct, at an estimated cost of $1,681,599, (exclusive of the city reservoir and distribution), was soon adopted ; and the ground was first broken, with public ceremonies, Aug. 20, 1846 .*
That a negotiation of such importance, as touching the industrial prosperity of the town, should pass without misgivings or opposi- tion from its inhabitants, could hardly be expected. Indepen- dently of all calculations of interest or apprehensions of pecuniary loss, there is involved somewhat of natural regret in beholding the water courses which have irrigated their ancient fields, dried up, and an important source of municipal prosperity, alienated to other uses.
But humanity and patriotism alike forbid such reflections, in view of the grandeur and immensity of the benefit this enterprise is destined to accomplish ; and that not for a limited period, but
* The Board of Water Commission- ers, intrusted with the execution of this project, consists of Nathan Hale,
James F. Baldwin, and Thomas B. Curtis, Esqs.
147
PONDS.
through the succession of uncounted generations. If to give a cup of cold water to the parched lips of a single sufferer, was ac- counted meritorious and honorable, how immeasurably greater the privilege and satisfaction of supplying one of the most important elements of health, and aids to purity and virtue, to the crowded and swelling population of a great city.
FARM POND, (sometimes called in ancient surveys, Great Pond), probably derived its name from the "Danforth Farm." It lies a little E. of S. from the village, and its northerly point is about 100 rods S. of Sudbury river, with which it communicates by a small stream, once a passage for shad and alewives into the pond. This pond extends about one mile in length, the Boston and Worcester railroad passing near its southerly margin. At its widest part its breadth is near half a mile. It contains an area of 193 acres. This pond is beautifully situated, and is often re- sorted to by fishing parties .*
WASHAKUM POND, (now abbreviated to Shakum Pond), is thus named in ancient conveyances. It lies about 170 rods from the S. point of Farm Pond, is of irregular shape, and contains an area of 89 1-2 acres. Its waters are discharged by Beaver Dam Brook, flowing casterly into Sherburne .;
LEARNED'S POND lies to the E. of Farm Pond, and derived its name from Isaac Learned, who early settled near it. It is in a sequestered spot, and has no known communication with other bodies of water. It covers 36 acres.
GLEASON'S POND, (anciently called Bigelow's Pond and Little Pond), lies a few rods to the E. of Learned's Pond, and covers about 13 acres.
Succo POND, (generally called Sucker Pond), lies near the junction of the Worcester Turnpike and the old road to. Boston, about one mile from the centre village. It covers three and a half acres, and communicates with a still smaller pond of one and a half acres, to the N. of it.
* There exists a tradition, that a trunk of money was for some time supposed to have been deposited in Farm Pond; which at times was seen to approach the surface, but disap- peared at the advance of any one.
t There is a pond in Sterling of the same name, " Washacum." " Wech-
ecum signifies sea, or the largest col- lection of water; and Washacum is probably a modification of that word. W, with an aspirate, is sometimes placed in the Indian dialects, to sig- nify great, or large in the superlative degree." Worc. Mag., I. 383, note.
148
INDUSTRY OF FRAMINGHAM.
MILLS AND FACTORIES IN FRAMINGHAM.
MILLS.
THE first mill in this town was built by Elder John Stone, near the Falls. The precise date of its establishment is unknown. It was perhaps in existence in 1659; but first receives a distinct notice, 1672. It continued in the possession of his descendants, until the establishment of factories near the Falls.
Savill Simpson constructed a mill on the Hopkinton River, where is now the Ashland Factory, soon after the year 1707.
John How " set up about 4 or 5 years before, a certain water mill on his own land in Framingham, very convenient to the towns of Framingham and Sherborn, it standing on the river be- tween the two towns ; which has been of great service to a great number of said towns, there being no other grist mill within six miles of (it) but Mr. Simson's."*
Col. Buckminster early put up a mill upon the stream, near his house, on what was afterwards the Brinley farm; it stood there in 1741.
A small grist mill was built upon the brook, near the present poor house ; but was long since discontinued.
A grist mill S. of the house of Mr. Aaron Bullard, was dis- used many years ago .;
A grist and saw mill was built on the site of Shepherd's paper mill, before the establishment of the latter.}
A trip hammer establishment, owned by Mr. Ebenezer Mar- shall, existed near the above, before 1760; where were manufac- tured scythes, hoes, axes, mill cranks, &c. A saw and grist mill now occupy the site.§
Deacon Wm. Brown built a grist mill on Cochituate brook, near the house of his grandson, Col. J. Brown. ||
* How's petition, 1716. State Files. t In 1760, there were eight mills and one iron work in Framingham.
# This mill was owned about 40 years by Isaac Dench.
§ The sawmill was built by Rich- ard Sears, about 1816. Mr. Sears
sold to Calvin Bigelow, who built a grist mill. The property has since belonged successively to Messrs. Jas. Whitmore, Wm. Greenwood, and N. S. Cutler.
|| Tradition gives the date of its origin near the termination of the
i
149
FACTORIES.
Maj. Lawson Buckminster built a saw mill N. of his house, which is now in the possession of his son, Wm. Buckminster, Esq.
The grist and saw mill near the house of Deac. Bent, on Sud- bury River, was built about the year 1824, by Lawson Buckmin- ster, Jr., and Joseph Brown. The privilege is now owned by the N. E. Worsted Co. of Saxonville.
Mr. George Bullard's machine shop, on Stoney Brook, was built about 1830.
FACTORIES.
The Framingham Manufacturing Company was incorporated, Feb. 6, 1813, with a capital limited to $80,000 ;* and built a mill on the site of Deac. Brown's mill, which was destroyed by fire. Feb. 4, 1824, was incorporated the Saxon Factory Co., for the manufacture of wool, with a capital of $300,000. This Company constructed mills at the Falls of Sudbury River.} June 11, 1829, was incorporated the Saxon Cotton and Woollen Factory ; the proprietors named in the act being Jos. Head, Henry Gardner, Edward Miller, Henry H. Jones, and others.
Feb. 16, 1832, the name of this Co. was changed to that of the " Saxon Factory."
In 1837, the N. E. Worsted Co. purchased of the Saxon Co. their property, and removed hither from Lowell their worsted ma- chinery.
In 1845, this Company possessed three mills, with 16 sets of machinery, consuming annually 2,000,000 lbs. of wool. They
Revolutionary War. A fulling mill was built, probably before, on Cochit- uate brook, N.W. from Col. Brown's house. Maj. Andrew Brown, son of Dea. Wm., conducted it. (He also built fulling stocks in the grist mill). The fulling mill was succeeded by a small factory for spinning cotton, built by Luther Rice ; and a partner conducted it. The building came in- to the possession of Col. J. Brown, by whom it was sold to Mr. W. H. Knight, who there commenced his establishment, (afterwards removed), for the manufacture of carpets. Col.
Micah Stone also owned a fulling miil, near the falls.
* Among the proprietors were Cal- vin Sanger and others, of Sherburne ; Benj. Wheeler and Luther Belknap, of Framingham.
t Mr. Washburn states in his His- tory of Leicester, (Worc. Mag.), that the " Leicester Manufacturing Com- pany," incorporated in 1823, " after- wards united and was incorporated with the Saxon Factory in Framing- ham, under the style of the Saxon and Leicester Factories."
13*
150
INDUSTRY OF FRAMINGHAM.
manufactured annually 113,000 yards of flannel and bockings, valued at $56,500 ; 90,000 lbs. of woollen yarn, not made into cloth, valued at $27,000 ; 40,000 pairs of blankets, valued at $120,000 ; 350,000 lbs. of worsted yarn, not made into cloth, valued at $175,000 ; and 2,300 pieces of worsted bunting, val- ued at $14,950. The capital employed by the company amount- ed to $400,000 ; and the number of operatives, 227 males, and 190 females.
CARPET FACTORY .- The establishment for the manufacture of carpets was commenced in 1830, by Mr. William H. Knight, who purchased of Col. J. Brown the site of the old fulling-mill, on Cochituate brook. Dec. 30, 1839, Mr. Knight purchased the " bridge lot," and the following year constructed a new dam about 30 rods below, upon the same stream, and removed thither his factory, to which, with outbuildings, large additions were sub- sequently made. He also purchased, July 1844, the privilege formerly connected with Deacon Brown's mill which, for many years had belonged to Mr. Isaac Mclellan, of Boston ; where he also constructed a factory for the spinning of woollen yarn. The remarkable success of Mr. Knight's enterprise and liberality was soon manifested in the rapid growth of the neighborhood ; converting a quiet and rural region, into an active and flourishing village. In 1845, Mr. Knight was in possession of 3 mills, consuming annually 465,000 lbs. of wool, and manufacturing 199,037 yards of carpeting, valued at $149,530. The number of operatives in his employ, was 191 males, and 41 females ; total, 231. In 1847, the manufacture had increased to 1500 yards per diem .*
The two establishments above referred to, with their appen- dages, constitute the village of Saxonville ; whose rapid growth, and prosperity, for the space of ten years past, on both sides of the river, afford favorable evidence of the ability and enterprise which have conducted this branch of our industry. A spacious hall has recently been erected in this village, at the
* Since writing the above, the greater part of the valuable establish- ment of Mr Knight, which, with the water privilege of Long Pond, had been previously sold to the city of Boston, has been destroyed by fire.
The casualty occurred March 20, 1847, at 4 1-2 o'clock, A. M. The value of the buildings destroyed, is estimated at $40,000 ; and of the stock, $22,000.
151
STRAW MANUFACTURE, ETC.
charge of the town, where literary and scientific lectures are well attended. The character of this place for morality and social order, compares favorably with that of similar establishments in the Commonwealth. Its location is commanding, and affords many beautiful views, when observed from various directions. There are three churches in this village, a Congregational, a Methodist, and a Catholic ; and ample accommodation is provided for the instruction of the young in schools. A branch rail-road, connecting with the B. and W. Rail-road, at Natick, opened in 1846, affords easy communication with Boston.
MANUFACTURE OF STRAW BONNETS.
This branch of industry, which has afforded a profitable em- ployment to a large number of the inhabitants of this town, was commenced by Mrs. Uriah Rice, and individuals of the family of Eames, about 45 years since .* Maj. Benj. Wheeler engaged in it in 1807, as did also Capt. John J. Clark and others. Major Wheeler traded at the South, and the annual amount of his busi- ness in this article, in some years, exceeded $30,000. The aggregate product of this manufacture, in the town, reached $50,000. In 1845, the number of straw bonnets manufactured here was 31,000, valued at $20,100. The value of braid man- ufactured, was $450. Fifty females were employed in the manufacture .;
MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS FOR 1845.
1 Axe Manufactory ; articles manufactured, 1000; value, $700; hands employed, 1.
1 Cutlery ; value of manufactures, $200; capital, $200; hands, 1.
* This article of manufacture had been previously introduced, about 1800, in other neighboring towns. Capt. Adams, of Franklin, and Mr. Hall, of Wrentham, conducted the business to a considerable extent. Braid early brought 3 and 3 1-2 cents per yard.
+ This information, with other, re- lating to the industry of the town, is
obtained from returns to the Secreta- ry of the Commonwealth. The num- ber of persons employed in the Bon- net manufacture, is probably exclu- sive of those who only braid the straw. A new establishment for the prosecu- tion of this business, has been recent- ly commenced by Messrs. Richardson and Manson, which gives promise of a revival of its former prosperity.
152
INDUSTRY OF FRAMINGHAM.
2 Paper Manufactories ; stock used, 225 tons ; paper manufac- tured, 360,000 lbs ; value $52,500 ; capital employed, $45,000 ; hands, 33.
2 Establishments for repair of Watches, &c .; income, $450 ; capital, $200; hands, 2.
2 Manufactories of Saddlery, &c .; value of manufactures, $1,200; capital, $300 ; hands, 4.
1 Hat Manufactory ; hats made, 1200; value, $2,500; cap- ital, $700 ; hands, 4.
3 Manufactories of Chaises, Wagons, &c .; value of manufac- tures, $3,300 ; capital, $1,500; hands, 6.
3 Cabinet Manufactories ; value of manufactures, $1,200 ; cap- ital, $800 ; hands, 3.
1 Tin Ware Manufactory ; value of manufactures, $4000; capital, $500 ; hands, 4.
2 Grist Mills ; income, $1730 ; 3 Saw Mills ; income, $1,250 ; capital, in both, $7,500.
1 Tannery ; hides tanned, 350 ; value of leather, $736 ; cap- ital, $1,000 ; hands, 1.
Boots manufactured ; 35,000 pairs ; Shoes, 44,000; value of both, $49,450 ; hands, males, 60 ; females, 25.
Value of building stone prepared, $500 ; hands, 2.
Value of lumber prepared, $950 ; hands, 1.
Fire Wood prepared, 2,020 cords ; value, $7,070 ; hands, 5. Sperm oil used in manufactories, 6,744 gallons ; value, $6,100 ; whale oil, 1,936 galls. ; value, $900 ; lard oil, 31,140 gallons ; value, $21,700 ; anthracite coal consumed in the same, 1000 tons ; value, $6,500.
1 Bakery ; value of bread baked, $8,000; capital, $600; hands, 4.
3 Millinery establishments ; value of millinery manufactured, $2,000 ; hands, females, 10.
1 Bookbindery ; income, $2,500 ; hands, males, 3 ; females, 2. Caps manufactured, 500 ; value, $500 ; hands, females, 2.
6 Wheelwright establishments ; value of manufactures, $3,000 ; hands, 6.
The same year there were in town 13 sheep, value, $50; wool, 52 lbs., value, $20; horses, 317, value, $17,203 ; neat cattle, 1,383, value, $27,700 ; swine, 450, value, $3,200 ; Indian corn
153
MEMORANDA.
produced, 15,448 bushels, value, $11,586 ; wheat, 25 bushels, value, $25 ; rye, 1,241 bush., value, $993; barley, 408 bush., value, $306 ; oats, 3,710 bush., value, $2,741 ; potatoes, 34,584 bush., value, $8,646 ; other esculent vegetables, 968 bush., and 15 tons, value, $502; hay, 3,212 tons, value, $40,378 ; fruit raised, 22,381 bush., value, $5,013 ; butter made, 66,690 lbs., value, $11,337 ; cheese, 2,950 lbs., value, $177 ; value of milk sold, $1,090.
MEMORANDA.
The Framingham Bank was incorporated March 25, 1833 ; the persons named in the act of incorporation, were Micah Stone, Dexter and Sullivan Fay, Elijah Perry, Rufus Brewer, &c. The names of the successive Presidents of this Bank, are, Josiah Ad- ams, Micah Stone, and Oliver Dean. Rufus Brewer, Esq., has held the office of Cashier, during the whole period.
The Boston and Worcester Rail-road Corporation received its charter, Jan. 23, 1831. The opening in 1835, of this road, which passes through the south part of Framingham, essentially affected the travel in Framingham centre, and particularly on the Boston and Worcester Turnpike, (inc. June 10, 1808), where about seventeen stages had previously passed daily. The value of the turnpike was so seriously impaired, that the road was re- linquished about four years since.
1795. The " Middlesex Lodge" of Free Masons was institut- ed in this town ; and has continued its meetings, without inter- ruption, until the present time. Its semi-centennial anniversary was observed, with suitable ceremonies.
VALUATION OF FRAMINGHAM, AT SUCCESSIVE PERIODS.
1800, -
$ 168.940
1830,
$ 802.040
1810,
- 268.260
1840, -
1.380.360
1820, -
327.900
1847,
1.755.010
APPENDIX.
SETTLEMENT OF SUDBURY .*
THE following is the order of the General Court, establishing the township of Sudbury, September 4, 1639.
" The order of the Court upon the petition of the Inhabitants of Sudbury is, that Peter Noyes, Bryan Pendleton, J. Parm(enter), Ed- mond B(rown), Walter Hayne, George Moning and Edmond Rise, have commission to lay out lands to the present Inhabitants, according to their estates and persons ; and that Capt. Jeanison, Mr. Mayhewe, Mr. Flint, Mr. Samu. Sheopard and John Bridge, or any three of them, shall in convenient time repaire to the said towne, and set out such lands and accommodations, both for houselots and otherwise, both for Mr. Pelham and Mr. Walgrave, as they shall think suitable to their es- tates, to be reserved for them, if they shall come to inhabite there in convenient time, as the court shall think."
Conformably to the above, the first division of lands was made (without date), in 1639; the second division, April 20, 1640; the third division, Nov. 18, 1640. The following are the names, (arranged alphabetically), of those who shared in the lands divided ; the num- bers indicating the several divisions.
Wyddow Baffumthwyte 1, 3. Robert Beast, 1, 2, 3. Andrew Belcher, 1, 2, 3. John Bent, 1, 2. Jolın Blandford, 1, 2, 3. Mr. Edmund Browne, 1, 2, 3.
Thomas Browne, 1, 2, 3. William Browne, 1, 2, 3.
Thomas (?) Buckmaster, 1, 2. Thomas Cakbrad, 3.
Henry Curties, 1,2, 3.
Robert Darvell, 1, 2, 3.
* Sudbury, in England, on the riv- ar Stour, is in the hundred of Ba- bergh, and Co. of Suffolk. It has three parishes, containing 3,283 souls ; possesses a city organization, and has sent two members to Parliament. There was here, in 970, an ancient religious order. The church, in 1374, was purchased by Simon de Sudbury, then Bishop of London, and his broth- er John, by whose efforts it was made collegiate. Here was also a Priory
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