History of Leyden, Massachusetts, 1676-1959, Part 8

Author: Arms, William Tyler, 1904-
Publication date: 1959
Publisher: Orange, Mass. : Enterprise and Journal
Number of Pages: 250


USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > Leyden > History of Leyden, Massachusetts, 1676-1959 > Part 8


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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On the legislative scene, Phineas Crumb was elected tax collector with Reuben Shattuck acting as "surety on behalf of the town." The sum of 3 pounds "surplusage money" was raised to answer "drawbacks" that might be made on the town.


"New" settlers this year of 1785 included Joshua Noyes, his wife and four children, John Burrows and David Dennison who came from Guilford where "Yorker" troubles still were rife. Dennison, grandson of the "Miles Standish of Roxbury," was a victim of Benedict Arnold's earlier burning of New London. In this fire, Dennison lost all his property.


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The year concluded with the first town proposal for a public building in Leyden. This article read: "To see if the people will agree to Build a Meetinghouse ... and if so what measures they will take and where they will sit it."


The Year 1786 - The Beginning of Shays' Rebellion: "The people of Massachusetts," writes D. H. Montgomery in his American History, "were more heavily loaded with war debt than those of any other state. On the average, they owed about two hundred dollars apiece. [Equivalent to over $3,000 today] They were willing to pay, but could not and when great num- bers of these poor people were sued and thrown into prison, the multitudes became desperate. In the western part of the state, Daniel Shays raised an army of nearly 2,000 excited farmers. They surrounded the court houses at Worcester and Springfield in an attempt to put a stop to all lawsuits for debt."


This rebellion had loud repercussions in the Leyden hills where Captain Agrippa Wells was soon busy organizing a company to fight the courts under Daniel Shays.


Nor did Leyden's part in the insurrection stop here. On November 4, the question was brought up at a special town meeting "to see what the minds of the people of Leyden is with Regard to the Difficulties and tumults in the State; and to see what they will do . . . in order to regulate them." On November 9, at the "Hous" of Li. Joseph Esen: "Voted to do something with Regard to the Difficulties and tumulis in the State, with Charles Packer, Lt. Joseph Esen and Thomas Brooks a commit- tee to act."


Motions followed, thick and fast. "Voted that we are un- satisfied with the present administration of Government and if any men are called for and turn out in support of our privileges they shall be paid for their time and be supported with Pro- visions from the Town. Voted that Capiain Joseph Esen be a delegate to Represent [us] at the Convention in Hadley the first Tuesday in January next. Voted, Captain Agrippa Wells, Captain Joseph Babcock, Lieut. Solomon Alexander, Lieut. Daniel Newcomb and Lieut. Ezekiel Foster be a Comm. to give Capt. Esen Instructions with regard to the Convention."


This was the Hatfield convention at which it was de- cided to fight the courts. It soon was followed by 1500 indignant rebels surrounding and stopping court action at Northampton. On December 26, Daniel Shays, one-time Minute Man and officer at Bunker Hill, broke up the courts at Springfield with his rebel


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bands. Shays, a native of Hopkinton, was a resident of Shutes- bury, Mass. during the early years of the Revolution.


At home, much activity was evident along the Leyden Glen where the first reaches of Leyden Glen Road were completed. The road joined the highway laid out the year before from Frizzell Hill and passed the home of Captain Agrippa Wells which was "near one half mile from the bottom of the hill." At this time Wells was busy organizing men from Leyden, Ber- nardston and Colrain to fight under Daniel Shays. Apparently the townsmen, in building the new road, wished to give Wells ample manoeuverability!


New residents in Leyden this year included Richard and Patricia Grinnel from Rhode Island, Matthew Severance (son of the Indian fighter) and Nathaniel Carpenter. Carpenter, son of settler of Guilford, entered Leyden via the Ethan Allen Highway. His son David, was later the proprietor of Leyden's "Carpenter Tavern."


It was this year, too, that John Cunnabell, Jr., called "Short John" to distinguish him from "Long John," his Bernardston cousin, married Lydia Stebbins of Deerfield. "Short John," known as a great reader, had a sister Polly who lived with her brother's family all her 80 years. "She never married," history records, "because she was just the right person to be an old maid!"


In West Leyden, a new road was laid out southwestward from the Gates Hill area. It linked the hill farms in the district with Green River and the mills which were there abuilding.


An unusual auction rounded out the year with a "Publick Vendue" held in West Leyden September 4th. Over a dozen lots in the "Gore" were sold to the highest bidder by tax col- lector, Phineus Crumb "to answer Taxes." Capt. John Adams and Charles Packer bought three lots apiece. Such disposal of property at auction was a novel way to insure back taxes!


The Year 1787 - Conclusion of Shays' Rebellion: The forces under Daniel Shays had continued to gain strength and by January 25th nearly 2000 rebels were under his command. Shays threatened to attack the arsenal at Springfield at this time and was heading up the Boston Road toward this bastion with Capt. Wells' Leyden Company in the forefront, when he came face to face with General Shepard's militia of 1100 trained men. When Shays continued to move toward the arsenal des- pite orders from Shepard to halt, the militia was ordered to fire.


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Four of the insurgents dropped dead on the spot. These were: Jabez Spicer of Leyden; John Hunter of Shelburne; Messrs. Root of Bernardston and Webster of Gill. As the rebels were for the most part unarmed, they turned and hastened toward Ludlow and Pelham where they were intercepted by Federal troops under General Benjamin Lincoln who captured 59 men and nine sleigh loads of rebel provisions. On February 4th, Lincoln overtook the Shays men at Petersham where the snow was waist deep. He drove the insurgent army toward Athol where it disbanded. The officers and Daniel Shays fled to New Hampshire; most of the men retired to their homes.


Captain Matthew Clark and Edward Nelson of Leyden and Colrain were ordered arrested when they returned, but so strong was the feeling for these Shays men, there was talk of lynching the "government men" who threatened the arrests.


In nearby Bernardston, a party of Federal Agents under Benjamin Walker attempted to arrest Captain Jason Parmenter, a "Fall Town" officer in Shays' revolt. Walker overtook Par- menter at night as he attempted escape by sleigh. Both fired simultaneously and Walker was killed. Parmenter escaped to Vermont but was captured next day. He was soon tried, and with another Shays officer, Henry McCullock of Pelham, sen- tenced to the gallows.


While preparations were being made at Northampton for the execution, a party of Shays' followers under Colonel Smith of New Salem, made a raid on Warwick, capturing Dr. Medad Pomeroy and Joseph Metcalf. They hoped to detain them as hostages for the lives of Parmenter and McCullock, but the Warwick prisoners escaped.


The executions were scheduled for June 21st. It is said that Parmenter spent the night before the appointed hour in con- tinuous prayer. All other efforts to save his life seemed to have failed. Several petitions had been filed asking for his pardon. One of these, dated May 11th at Sudbury, the home of his ancestors, was signed by his mother and brothers; another was signed by a "brother-in-arms," Zadoc Briggs of Leyden. Still another was signed by Parmenter himself. "Nothing," wrote the chroniclers, "ever occurred in the Connecticut Valley to cause more poetic effusions."


The appointed morning dawned. At the ceremony before the proposed hanging, it is said the church was so overflowing the sermon had to be preached from a high window so the


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crowds outside might hear. On the conclusion of the address, the prisoners were marched solemnly toward the gallows. But just as the rope had been placed in position and the trap was about to be sprung, a horseback rider galloped onto the scene waving a reprieve from Governor Hancock. It is said Jason Parmenter was so overcome with emotion he dropped senseless to the ground and it was some time before he recovered from the shock.


The Captain soon sold his Bernardston property and joined his son, Reuben, in Leyden on what is now the Glabach farm. A few years later, the Shays leader is listed among those who espoused the strange customs of the Dorrilites.


Such uprisings as Shays' Rebellion reflect the disorganized state of the nation which, without a definite form of government threatened to fall apart. The country had no president, no head, with only a Congress destitute of power. "We were like a barrel of thirteen staves, with no hoops to bind us together," writes D. H. Montgomery in his History of the United States.


At last, in June of '87, the Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia. George Washington presided over the 55 picked men from all parts of the nation. Among the delegates was Leyden's Captain Agrippa Wells, who only a few weeks before had led a hungry mob against the unjust courts of the land. Wells helped shape the constitution which today stands as a model of perfection.


An especially interesting event in Leyden was the birth of Miss Lephe Gates on November 22nd. Lephe was the daughter of Mary and Peter Gates of West Leyden. She was later to be- come the mother of John L. Riddell, world-renowned scientist.


During 1787, an "historic" Leyden road was laid out, south- west from the present Dyer farm to the Greenfield line. This road followed what is believed to have been the Indian trail over which the Deerfield captives marched in 1704. The Brattle- boro road was extended northward this year "from Caleb Adams' place to the road about 60 rods south of Alpheus Barstow's hous." (See front map.)


The new settlers of this period included John Saunders and family from Rhode Island; Peter Brown, wife and children from Montague and Joseph Ingley from Taunton. The town books say that the newcomers were formally received by Nathaniel Carpenter, Lieut. Reuben Shattuck and Lieut. Daniel Newcomb.


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The Year 1788: This was the year the Constitution was adopted and George Washington became a "candidate" for first president of the United States. In the town records for December 3rd the following excerpts bear on the first national elections: "To chose a Representative to Represent this Com- monwealth or the County of Hampshire & Berkshire in the Con- gress of the United States. To chose 2 Electors to sit in Boston for the purpose of choosing a President and Vice President." Agrippa Wells, David Gates and Ezra Shattuck were the Ley- den selectmen at this important period.


About this time, Leyden was hit by a disastrous hurricane which leveled thousands of trees, destroyed homes and crops. So serious was the damage it was necessary to "lay the circum- stances of the district before the Court to petition for relief." One historian dates this hurricane in 1787, but the following records suggests it was a year later: "Nov. 14, 1788. Voted, to see if the District will allow the Greenfielders the work they did cuting out the Rode in this Town after the Hurricane. Agrippa Wells, David Gates, Selectmen."


Some there were, in view of subsequent Dorrilite "high jinks" who attributed the great disaster of '88 to the wrathful, warning hand of the Almighty!


It was this year of '88 that two of Leyden's pioneer families were joined in marriage. On August 9th Jerusha Newcomb and Charles Hunt were wed at the home of Leyden's first born, Daniel Newcomb.


The Year 1789: With George Washington inaugurated as President, and Congress seated firmly in the Manhattan capital, confidence in the future of the country revived, and general expansion is noted. On March 6th, in Leyden, it was voted "to see if the District agree to Raising money for the Support of Schools ... and that Jared Crandal, Capt. Agrippa Wells, Job Barstow, Reuben Ingram and Charles Packer be a Comm. to divide the town into School Districts." This, after much con- troversy, was finally arranged. According to the History of the Connecticut Valley, the sum of fifty pounds was set aside for the support of the five Leyden Schools that year. That was about $50 for each school for the entire year. There were 300 pupils that year which meant each child was allowed about 83 cents for his education! A glance at the front map shows the approximate location of the original five schools.


Colorful children's names were the rule in Leyden. Glancing


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through the birth lists we find the following: Delight, Experience, Content, Freelove, Temperance, Desire, Thankful, Comfort, Mercy, Silence, Consider, Relief, Patience, Preserved, Remem- brance, Loving, Increase, Mindwell, Submit, Prudence and Bliss. The parents of these children had such story-book names as: Ezra Plumb, Billington Crumb, Jonathan Budington, Jared Cran- dal, Agrippa Wells and Bedgood Bullfish.


It is noted that a father often gave his son the surname of his favorite neighbor. Thus, Oliver Babcock living near Elisha Clark might name his son, Clark Babcock; or Joseph Walsworth living near Solomon Alexander would name his son Alexander Walsworth.


In 1789, the River Road was extended northward from the home of "Amos Nois to the Guilford line." A Bridle Road or Drift Way also was laid out "beginning at the East side of the Road near the Schoolhous where Mr. Peleg Babcock & Mr. Phineus Crumb's land joins, running southeast to the Road that goes between Mr. Humphrey Palmers and Matthew Clarks." This was the West Leyden Road between the Cemetery Hill and "Snow's Corner." The survey suggests that the first West Ley- den schoolhouse was near the old blacksmith shop on the Bab- cock place. (See front map for location of Palmer, Clark, etc.)


During the year it was voted "to see if the District will pay Lt. Joseph Eson in Gold for being a Shasemite at Northampton." Evidently Leyden held to its bargain of upholding the Daniel Shays rebels. The use of the word, Shasemite, in this record never has been found elsewhere.


The year concludes with this unique note: "Voted, that the People should have the liberty to Dig up their Dead which are scattering about and Bury them in the new Burying yard." (Beaver Meadow)


The Year 1790: Between 1790 and 1820, Leyden approached the peak of its early development. During these three decades Leyden produced two of its greatest men (John L. Riddell and Henry K. Brown), the Dorrilites flourished and the population figure reached a high point.


The first decade, perhaps the most colorful in Leyden's history, began quietly. Seventeen ninety was the year of the first U. S. census. This showed Leyden had a total poulation of 989 or three times that of 1781. At this time, the parent town had only 691 inhabitants.


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A break-down of the Leyden 1790 census reveals the town had 150 houses; 155 families; 208 males over 16; 298 males under 16; 481 females; and 2 "other," probably negro slaves.


It will be noted in the following list from the official cenus that the names are not arranged alphabetically, but geograpi- cally, so from the location on the list one may form a general idea of where any specific person lived in Leyden during the 1790. period. The first number after a name indicates the males over 16 in the family; the second number, males under 16; and the third number, total females in the family. The original spelling on the census list is followed throughout:


Frizzell Hill Area: John Conable, 2-1-4; Sam'l Conable, 1- none-4; Capt. Mich. Frizzle, 1-1-2; Asa Wells, 1-3-3; Reuben Frizzle, 3-1-5; Joshua Wells, 1-2-1; Israel Bagg, 1-2-5; John Evans, 3-none-2; Gersham Orvis, 1-3-4; Wm. Orvis, 1-none-2; Wm. Orvis, Jr., 1-1-2; Ezra Shattuck, 1-5-3; Reuben Parmenter, 1-2-3; Ner Wells, 1-4-3; Benj. Grinnel, 1-1-3.


Hessian Area and South Leyden: Jesup Bennet, 3-1-5; John Todd, 1-5-2; John Wilds, 2-none-1; Zenas Kent, 2-1-3; Josiah Green, 1-4-3; Reuben Ingram, 1-1-3; William Dorril, 1-2-4; John Odey (Eudy), 1-1-3; Clement Smith, 1-none-3; Thos. Whiting, 1- none-1; John Mellish (Mellis), 1-none-3; Zadok Briggs, 1-2-4; Thos. Rose, 1-3-3; Charles Stearns, 1-2-3; Israel Bullock, 1-3-4; Moses Allis, 1-1-2; Abrhm Edwards, 2-4-3; Reuben Wells, 2-3-2; Jos. Crowfoot, 2-none-1; Jos. Crowfoot, Jr., 1-1-2; Noah Downs, 1-2-2.


Beaver Meadow and Alexander Road Area: Asahel Newton, 1-3-4; Simeon Allen, 1-3-3; Ezekiel Foster, 1-4-3; Daniel Chapin, 1-3-5; Jacob Holt, 1-none-1; Benjamin Morgan, 1-2-2; Simion Eldridge, 1-none-4; Joshua Wells, 1-none-1; Selah Chapin, 2-3-5; John Hunt, 1-1-2; David Page, 1-3-6; Reuben Sheldon, 1-4-3; Elijah Adams, 2-5-2; John Barns, 2-1-6; Lieut. Daniel Newcomb, 1-2-5; Samuel Guild, 1-2-5; Dan'l Coolidge, 1-2-5; John Saunders, 1-2-5; Joseph Easton (Eson), 1-1-5; Job Vester, 1-2-2; [Alpheus Barstow, 1 -?-? ] Jos. Jules, 1-2-1; Joshua Newcomb, 1-3-2; Charles Hunt, 1-1-1; Wm. Burrows, 1-none-2; David Dennison, 1-2-2; Moses Fish, 1-4-2; Lt. Solomon Alexander, 1-3-3.


Ethan Allen Highway-North and West Leyden: Amos Wals- worth, 1-none-2; Elisha Brown, 4-1-5; Verdies Allen, 1-1-2; Jas. Wetman, 1-3-5; Oliver Noyes, 1-3-2; Capt. Jos. Babcock, 4-none-4; Jos. Clark, 2-1-4; David Davis, 1-3-4; Jedediah Freeman, 1-4-3; Jos. Marshal, 1-3-4; David Brown, 1-3-4; Elijah Walworth, 1-3-3;


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Nathanl Avery, 1-2-2; Job Babcock, 1-2-3; Henry Thorn, 1-2-2; Peter Gates, 1-2-5; Billington Cromb, 1-2-5; Dea. Benj. Baker, 1-4-2; Cap. Jared Crandal, 4-3-4; Henry Burdick, 1-1-1; Elijah Baker, 1-3-2; Chas. Stuart, 1-1-3; Jonathan Richardson, 3-3-5; Phinehas Cromb, 1-4-6; Peleg Babcock, 2-5-3; Oliver Babcock, 3-4-4; Clark Babcock, 1-none-1; Elisha Crandal 1-none-1; Robert Crandal, 1-none-5; John Eaton, 1-2-2; Jabez Edwards, 1-2-3; Alpheus Vester, 1-2-6; Charles Parker (Packer), 2-1-2; David Gates, 1-4-6; Frederic Stoddard, 1-1-2; Wm. Clark, 2-1-4; Peleg Brown, 3-4-5; Mascon Babcock, 1-none-1; Elisha Clark, 1-2-4; Paul Green, 1-2-2; Humphry Palmer, 1-4-4; Matthew Clark, 1-1-2; David Potter, 1-4-5; Philemon Stedman, 1-none-4; Eldr. Jos. Green, 3-1-3.


Ethan Allen Highway-South; Old & New Centers: Jos. Elliot, Esqu., 1-2-4; Uriah Welber (Wilbur), 2-1-8; John Welber 1-none- 2; Record Welber, 1-none-1; Lemuel Elliot, 1-none-1; Sam'l Guild, Jr., 2-1-4; Joseph Warren, 1-2-3; Jos. Knapp, 1-6-1; James Phillips, 1-2-4; Jos. Ingley, 1-1-1; Richard Gunneis (Grinnel?), 1-1-7; Sam'l Hawkins, 1-none-3; Henry Wessen, 1-3-4; John Vining, 1-5-1; Eliph't Carpenter, 1-none-2; Enoch Briggs, 2-none-4; Owen Briggs, 2-2-1; Richard Easton (Eson), 2-4-6; John Easton, 1-4-2; Thos. Crowfoot, 3-none-3; James Crowfoot, 1-2-1; Matthew Sever- ance, 2-none-4; James 1-3-1; Matthew Sever-


Fuller,


ance, Jr., 2-4-2; Uriah Bush, 1-1-4; Capt. John Adams, 1-2-7; Caleb Adams, 1-3-2; John Kelley, 1-3-4; Andrew Henry, 1-1-2; Amaz'h Hawkins, 1-1-5; John Downing, 1-5-2; Nathaniel Car- penter, 2-2-3; Moses Tinney, 2-none-1; Capt. Jonathan Budington, 1-1-2; Thomas Wells, 1-2-5; Capt. Agrippa Wells, 3-1-3; John Caswell, 2-3-4; Eben. Bliss, 3-1-1; John Bulfinch, 1-3-4; Jona. Spicer, 1-1-1; Abigail Spicer, none-1-3; John Moor, 2-1-2; John Moor, Jr., 1-3-3; John Crowfoot, 1-2-1; Peter Brown, 1-1-5.


To the north of Leyden, over the Guilford line, Royall Tyler, already famous as America's first outstanding playwright, soon was to dip his pen and begin his "Algerine Captive," the first U. S. novel to be reprinted in England. A namesake of the famous author was born in Leyden during this period, and a cousin, Peter Tyler, owned large tracts on Frizzell Hill during the last decade of the eighteenth century.


The Year 1791: This year, the year the neighboring Republic of Vermont officially joined the Union, found Leyden active politically also. It opened with a town meeting called by


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Charles Packer to "vote for Governor, Lieut. Governor and Senator." The perennial question of a bridge over the Deerfield River was raised and it was voted to send a Committee to join Committees in adjacent towns "to consider the matter." The first Justice of the Peace was chosen in Leyden at this time and a pound "thirty foot square," proposed.


A number of interesting roads were laid out including the road down the west side of Frizzell Hill, just as it runs straight down the mountain today; a road to John Matthews' mill pond from the present Snow Corner; and a road "running northeast past Jared Crandals and Henry Burdicks .... to the drift-way leading by Elisha Clarks near the Hollow Schoolhouse." It was at this time that the road running northwest to the new center also was laid out.


Each landowner was the recipient of a special road tax every year. This was usually worked out with each "Poll" con- tributing two days' work on the highways in June and one day toward the middle of October. A very quaint touch bearing on early roads was found in the town books: "Voted, if necessary to call upon the Town in Winter to path the snow." This may refer to the old custom of smoothing the snow with huge wooden rollers, or to the more primitive method of treading the snow with teams of oxen.


Robert Riddle, grandfather of the Leyden scientist, is listed this year as a "sealer of leather." He saw to it that hides were properly tanned and cured. A road record of this period places Riddle's house in West Leyden on the old Ianthe Cook place. (See front map for location of this homestead.)


The first official record of the Davenport family in Leyden appears September 28 when the birth of a daughter to Oliver and Lucy Davenport is recorded. Oliver was the ancestor of Charles M. Davenport, trustee of Williams College. Jacob Eddy, later to become one of William Dorril's followers, also appears on the Leyden horizon in '91.


The Year 1792: This year found Leyden, like most northern New England towns, growing by leaps and bounds, with road building one of the chief activities. In this connection, the name Dorril appears on the town books for the first time, and helps locate the famed preacher's early headquarters. The reference appears in the location notes for the East Hill Road which "began at the head of Samuel Cunnables milpond and ran southeasterly to the land of Wm. Dorril and to the road passing


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by Ezra Shattuck's, a little north of his house." This road ran between the Keets Brook and Hunt Hill thoroughfares and placed Wm. Dorril's lot near the top of the hill. A recommenda- tion was passed in November "to establish a Road beginning at the Bridge at the head of Samuel Cunables Milpond, Westward- ly to the turn near the upper Sawmill dam." This was the section of the Keets Brook Road running from the mill site to the top of the hill near the present home of Edric Cook. A third evidence of growth was in the building of the road linking "The Meadow" with "Beaver Meadow." It passed near the homesteads of Uriah Wilbur, Thomas Rose, Daniel Chapin and Asahel Newton. Zig-zagging up the mountain from the "Den- nison Mill on the East Bank of Green River" a roadway was laid out from the mill site formerly owned by Indian fighter, William Clark.


The Year 1793: The following interesting town meeting preamble is dated at Leyden, April 17th: "In the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Greeting: To Simeon Aldrich, Constable, you are Required to Notify and Warn the male in- habitants of the District of Leyden being Twenty-one years of age and Resident in said Town for the space of one year . . . having a freehold Estate within said Town of the annual income of Three Pound, or any other estate to the Value of sixty pound, to meet at John Burk's, Innholder . .. on Monday the sixth day of May at two of the clock in the afternoon and there to join with the Inhabitants of Bern. in the choice of a Delegate to represent the District of Leyden, and the town of Bernardston in the General Court - Ezra Shattuck, David Gates, Richard Eson, Selectmen of Leyden."


Early in the year, the question of permitting smallpox inoculation in Leyden was brought before the people. Finally, in April, it was "voted not to license Inoculation with the Smallpox in the District, but to choose a Comm. to Superintend the matter of the smallpox." Elisha Brown (father of the sculptor, H. K. Brown), Simeon Allen and Reuben Sheldon were selected for the above purpose. The question of inoculation is found in the town books as early as 1771 and 1777 when Dr. Policarpus Cushman, Fall Town's early "Pilgrim" doctor, brought the inoculation question before the people.


In 1793, William Dorril is mentioned as living near the eastern side of the Frizzell Hill school district. This reference helps confirm the location of his first "preaching" Leyden home,


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